1
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Nacci C, Civita D, Schied M, Magnano E, Nappini S, Píš I, Grill L. Light-Induced Increase of the Local Molecular Coverage on a Surface. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2024; 128:5919-5926. [PMID: 38629116 PMCID: PMC11017312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Light is a versatile tool to remotely activate molecules adsorbed on a surface, for example, to trigger their polymerization. Here, we explore the spatial distribution of light-induced chemical reactions on a Au(111) surface. Specifically, the covalent on-surface polymerization of an anthracene derivative in the submonolayer coverage range is studied. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, we observe a substantial increase of the local molecular coverage with the sample illumination time at the center of the laser spot. We find that the interplay between thermally induced diffusion and the reduced mobility of reaction products steers the accumulation of material. Moreover, the debromination of the adsorbed species never progresses to completion within the experiment time, despite a long irradiation of many hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Nacci
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Donato Civita
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Schied
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Magnano
- CNR—Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Silvia Nappini
- CNR—Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Igor Píš
- CNR—Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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2
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Ta XMC, Trần-Phú T, Yuwono JA, Nguyen TKA, Bui AD, Truong TN, Chang LC, Magnano E, Daiyan R, Simonov AN, Tricoli A. Optimal Coatings of Co 3 O 4 Anodes for Acidic Water Electrooxidation. Small 2023:e2304650. [PMID: 37863809 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers for large-scale sustainable hydrogen production requires the replacement of scarce noble-metal anode electrocatalysts with low-cost alternatives. However, such earth-abundant materials often exhibit inadequate stability and/or catalytic activity at low pH, especially at high rates of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, the authors explore the influence of a dielectric nanoscale-thin oxide layer, namely Al2 O3 , SiO2 , TiO2 , SnO2 , and HfO2 , prepared by atomic layer deposition, on the stability and catalytic activity of low-cost and active but insufficiently stable Co3 O4 anodes. It is demonstrated that the ALD layers improve both the stability and activity of Co3 O4 following the order of HfO2 > SnO2 > TiO2 > Al2 O3 , SiO2 . An optimal HfO2 layer thickness of 12 nm enhances the Co3 O4 anode durability by more than threefold, achieving over 42 h of continuous electrolysis at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 m H2 SO4 electrolyte. Density functional theory is used to investigate the superior performance of HfO2 , revealing a major role of the HfO2 |Co3 O4 interlayer forces in the stabilization mechanism. These insights offer a potential strategy to engineer earth-abundant materials for low-pH OER catalysts with improved performance from earth-abundant materials for efficient hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Minh Chau Ta
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thành Trần-Phú
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jodie A Yuwono
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anh Dinh Bui
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Thien N Truong
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Li-Chun Chang
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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3
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Sojková M, Píš I, Hrdá J, Vojteková T, Pribusová Slušná L, Vegso K, Siffalovic P, Nadazdy P, Dobročka E, Krbal M, Fons PJ, Munnik F, Magnano E, Hulman M, Bondino F. Lithium-Induced Reorientation of Few-Layer MoS 2 Films. Chem Mater 2023; 35:6246-6257. [PMID: 37637012 PMCID: PMC10448679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) few-layer films have gained considerable attention for their possible applications in electronics and optics and also as a promising material for energy conversion and storage. Intercalating alkali metals, such as lithium, offers the opportunity to engineer the electronic properties of MoS2. However, the influence of lithium on the growth of MoS2 layers has not been fully explored. Here, we have studied how lithium affects the structural and optical properties of the MoS2 few-layer films prepared using a new method based on one-zone sulfurization with Li2S as a source of lithium. This method enables incorporation of Li into octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the already prepared MoS2 films or during MoS2 formation. Our results discover an important effect of lithium promoting the epitaxial growth and horizontal alignment of the films. Moreover, we have observed a vertical-to-horizontal reorientation in vertically aligned MoS2 films upon lithiation. The measurements show long-term stability and preserved chemical composition of the horizontally aligned Li-doped MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sojková
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Píš
- IOM-CNR,
Istituto Officina dei Materiali, S.S. 14 km − 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Jana Hrdá
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Vojteková
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Pribusová Slušná
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Vegso
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Siffalovic
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Nadazdy
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Edmund Dobročka
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miloš Krbal
- Center
of Materials and Nanotechnologies (CEMNAT), Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Legions Square 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Paul J. Fons
- Department
of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Keio University, 223-8522 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, 305-8568 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Frans Munnik
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, e.V. Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR,
Istituto Officina dei Materiali, S.S. 14 km − 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Martin Hulman
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM-CNR,
Istituto Officina dei Materiali, S.S. 14 km − 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
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4
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Giovanelli L, Pawlak R, Hussein F, MacLean O, Rosei F, Song W, Pigot C, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Ksari Y, Bondino F, Magnano E, Meyer E, Clair S. On‐Surface Synthesis of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Chains through C−S Activation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200809. [PMID: 35657383 PMCID: PMC9540368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- University of Basel Department of Physics Basel CH4056 Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver MacLean
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education Jilin Normal University Changchun 130103 China
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Wentao Song
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP Marseille France
| | | | | | | | - Younal Ksari
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP Marseille France
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149 Trieste Italy
- Department of Physics University of Johannesburg PO Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
| | - Ernst Meyer
- University of Basel Department of Physics Basel CH4056 Switzerland
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5
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Cherkashinin G, Eilhardt R, Nappini S, Cococcioni M, Píš I, Dal Zilio S, Bondino F, Marzari N, Magnano E, Alff L. Energy Level Alignment at the Cobalt Phosphate/Electrolyte Interface: Intrinsic Stability vs Interfacial Chemical Reactions in 5 V Lithium Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:543-556. [PMID: 34932299 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic stability of the 5 V LiCoPO4-LiCo2P3O10 thin-film (carbon-free) cathode material coated with MoO3 thin layer is studied using a comprehensive synchrotron electron spectroscopy in situ approach combined with first-principle calculations. The atomic-molecular level study demonstrates fully reversible electronic properties of the cathode after the first electrochemical cycle. The polyanionic oxide is not involved in chemical reactions with the fluoroethylene-containing liquid electrolyte even when charged to 5.1 V vs Li+/Li. The high stability of the cathode is explained on the basis of the developed energy level model. In contrast, the chemical composition of the cathode-electrolyte interface evolves continuously by involving MoO3 in the decomposition reaction with consequent leaching of oxide from the surface. The proposed mechanisms of chemical reactions are attributed to external electrolyte oxidation via charge transfer from the relevant electron level to the MoO3 valence band state and internal electrolyte oxidation via proton transfer to the solvents. This study provides a deeper insight into the development of both a doping strategy to enhance the electronic conductivity of high-voltage cathode materials and an efficient surface coating against unfavorable interfacial chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Cherkashinin
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Eilhardt
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Cococcioni
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Igor Píš
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra─Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Dal Zilio
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lambert Alff
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Bartl JD, Thomas C, Henning A, Ober MF, Savasci G, Yazdanshenas B, Deimel PS, Magnano E, Bondino F, Zeller P, Gregoratti L, Amati M, Paulus C, Allegretti F, Cattani-Scholz A, Barth JV, Ochsenfeld C, Nickel B, Sharp ID, Stutzmann M, Rieger B. Modular Assembly of Vibrationally and Electronically Coupled Rhenium Bipyridine Carbonyl Complexes on Silicon. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19505-19516. [PMID: 34766502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid inorganic/organic heterointerfaces are promising systems for next-generation photocatalytic, photovoltaic, and chemical-sensing applications. Their performance relies strongly on the development of robust and reliable surface passivation and functionalization protocols with (sub)molecular control. The structure, stability, and chemistry of the semiconductor surface determine the functionality of the hybrid assembly. Generally, these modification schemes have to be laboriously developed to satisfy the specific chemical demands of the semiconductor surface. The implementation of a chemically independent, yet highly selective, standardized surface functionalization scheme, compatible with nanoelectronic device fabrication, is of utmost technological relevance. Here, we introduce a modular surface assembly (MSA) approach that allows the covalent anchoring of molecular transition-metal complexes with sub-nanometer precision on any solid material by combining atomic layer deposition (ALD) and selectively self-assembled monolayers of phosphonic acids. ALD, as an essential tool in semiconductor device fabrication, is used to grow conformal aluminum oxide activation coatings, down to sub-nanometer thicknesses, on silicon surfaces to enable a selective step-by-step layer assembly of rhenium(I) bipyridine tricarbonyl molecular complexes. The modular surface assembly of molecular complexes generates precisely structured spatial ensembles with strong intermolecular vibrational and electronic coupling, as demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The structure of the MSA can be chosen to avoid electronic interactions with the semiconductor substrate to exclusively investigate the electronic interactions between the surface-immobilized molecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes D Bartl
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Chair for Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christopher Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Chair for Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Alex Henning
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Martina F Ober
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany.,Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Gökcen Savasci
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, LMU, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence E-conversion, Lichtenbergstraße 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bahar Yazdanshenas
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Peter S Deimel
- Physics Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM CNR, Laboratorio TASC, AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM CNR, Laboratorio TASC, AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrick Zeller
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Paulus
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Anna Cattani-Scholz
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.,Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, LMU, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence E-conversion, Lichtenbergstraße 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bert Nickel
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany.,Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ian D Sharp
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Martin Stutzmann
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Chair for Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
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7
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Nacci C, Schied M, Civita D, Magnano E, Nappini S, Píš I, Grill L. Thermal- vs Light-Induced On-Surface Polymerization. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2021; 125:22554-22561. [PMID: 34712378 PMCID: PMC8543439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On-surface polymerization is a powerful bottom-up approach that allows for the growth of covalent architectures with defined properties using the two-dimensional confinement of a highly defined single-crystal surface. Thermal heating is the preferred approach to initiate the reaction, often via cleavage of halogen substituents from the molecular building blocks. Light represents an alternative stimulus but has, thus far, only rarely been used. Here, we present a direct comparison of on-surface polymerization of dibromo-anthracene molecules, induced either thermally or by light, and study the differences between the two approaches. Insight is obtained by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, locally studying the polymer shape and size, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which identifies bond formation by averaging over large surface areas. While the polymer length increases slowly with the sample heating temperature, illumination promotes only the formation of short covalent structures, independent of the duration of light exposure. Moreover, irradiation with UV light at different sample temperatures highlights the important role of molecular diffusion across the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Nacci
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Schied
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Donato Civita
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM
CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | | | - Igor Píš
- IOM
CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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8
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Singh S, Lyle H, D'Amario L, Magnano E, Vinogradov I, Cuk T. Coherent Acoustic Interferometry during the Photodriven Oxygen Evolution Reaction Associates Strain Fields with the Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (Ti-OH*). J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15984-15997. [PMID: 34554748 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from water requires the formation of metastable, reactive oxygen intermediates to enable oxygen-oxygen bond formation. Conversely, such reactive intermediates could also structurally modify the catalyst. A descriptor for the overall catalytic activity, the first electron and proton transfer OER intermediate from water, (M-OH*), has been associated with significant distortions of the metal-oxygen bonds upon charge-trapping. Time-resolved spectroscopy of in situ, photodriven OER on transition metal oxide surfaces has characterized M-OH* for the charge trapping and the symmetry of the lattice distortions by optical and vibrational transitions, respectively, but had yet to detect an interfacial strain field arising from a surface coverage M-OH*. Here, we utilize picosecond, coherent acoustic interferometry to detect the uniaxial strain normal to the SrTiO3/aqueous interface directly caused by Ti-OH*. The spectral analysis applies a fairly general methodology for detecting a combination of the spatial extent, magnitude, and generation time of the interfacial strain through the coherent oscillations' phase. For lightly n-doped SrTiO3, we identify the strain generation time (1.31 ps), which occurs simultaneously with Ti-OH* formation, and a tensile strain of 0.06% (upper limit 0.6%). In addition to fully characterizing this intermediate across visible, mid-infrared, and now GHz-THz probes on SrTiO3, we show that strain fields occur with the creation of some M-OH*, which modifies design strategies for tuning catalytic activity and provides insight into photo-induced degradation so prevalent for OER. To that end, the work put forth here provides a unique methodology to characterize intermediate-induced interfacial strain across OER catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryansh Singh
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Hanna Lyle
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Luca D'Amario
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Ilya Vinogradov
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Tanja Cuk
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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9
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Soncini C, Bondino F, Magnano E, Bhardwaj S, Kumar M, Cepek C, Pedio M. Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes as detected by photoemission and inverse photoemission. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:105703. [PMID: 33331298 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abce30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The relation between morphology and energy level alignment in carbon nanotubes (CNT) is a crucial information for the optimization of applications in nanoelectronics, optics, mechanics and (bio)chemistry. Here we present a study of the relation between the electronic properties and the morphology of single wall CNT (SWCNT), aligned multi wall CNT (MWCNT) and unaligned MWCNT. The CNT were synthesized via catalytic chemical vapor deposition in ultra-high vacuum conditions. Combined ultraviolet photoemission and inverse photoemission (IPES) spectra reveal a high sensitivity to the nanotube morphology. In the case of unaligned SWCNT the distinctive unoccupied Van Hove singularities (vHs) features are observed in the high resolution IPES spectra. Those features are assigned to semiconducting and metallic SWCNT states, according to calculated vHs DOS. The two MWCNT samples are similar in the diameter of the tube (about 15 nm) and present similar filled and empty electronic states, although the measured features in the aligned MWCNT are more defined. Noteworthy, interlayer states are also revealed. Their intensities are directly related to the MWCNT alignment. Focussing and geometrical effects associated to the MWCNT alignment are discussed to account the spectral differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Soncini
- Istituto Officina Materiali (CNR-IOM), Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Bondino
- Istituto Officina Materiali (CNR-IOM), Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- Istituto Officina Materiali (CNR-IOM), Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Sunil Bhardwaj
- Istituto Officina Materiali (CNR-IOM), Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Manvendra Kumar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Indore 453111, India
| | - Cinzia Cepek
- Istituto Officina Materiali (CNR-IOM), Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pedio
- Istituto Officina Materiali (CNR-IOM), Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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10
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Barcelon JE, Smerieri M, Carraro G, Wojciechowski P, Vattuone L, Rocca M, Nappini S, Píš I, Magnano E, Bondino F, Vaghi L, Papagni A, Savio L. Morphological characterization and electronic properties of pristine and oxygen-exposed graphene nanoribbons on Ag(110). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7926-7937. [PMID: 33403374 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are at the frontier of research on graphene materials since the 1D quantum confinement of electrons allows for the opening of an energy gap. GNRs of uniform and well-defined size and shape can be grown using the bottom-up approach, i.e. by surface assisted polymerization of aromatic hydrocarbons. Since the electronic properties of the nanostructures depend on their width and on their edge states, by careful choice of the precursor molecule it is possible to design GNRs with tailored properties. A key issue for their application in nanoelectronics is their stability under operative conditions. Here, we characterize pristine and oxygen-exposed 1.0 nm wide GNRs with a well-defined mixed edge-site sequence (two zig-zag and one armchair) synthesized on Ag(110) from 1,6-dibromo-pyrene precursors. The energy gap and the presence of quantum confined states are investigated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The effect of oxygen exposure under ultra-high vacuum conditions is inferred from scanning tunneling microscopy images and photoemission spectra. Our results demonstrate that oxygen exposure deeply affects the overall system by interacting both with the nanoribbons and with the substrate; this factor must be considered for supported GNRs under operative conditions.
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11
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Nappini S, D'Amario L, Favaro M, Dal Zilio S, Salvador F, Betz-Güttner E, Fondacaro A, Píš I, Romanzin L, Gambitta A, Bondino F, Lazzarino M, Magnano E. Soft x-ray spectroscopies in liquids and at solid-liquid interface at BACH beamline at Elettra. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:015115. [PMID: 33514239 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The beamline for advanced dichroism of the Istituto Officina dei Materiali-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, operating at the Elettra synchrotron in Trieste (Italy), works in the extreme ultraviolet-soft x-ray photon energy range with selectable light polarization, high energy resolution, brilliance, and time resolution. The beamline offers a multi-technique approach for the investigation of the electronic, chemical, structural, magnetic, and dynamical properties of materials. Recently, one of the three end stations has been dedicated to experiments based on electron transfer processes at the solid/liquid interfaces and during photocatalytic or electrochemical reactions. Suitable cells to perform soft x-ray spectroscopy in the presence of liquids and reagent gases at ambient pressure were developed. Here, we present two types of static cells working in transmission or in fluorescence yield and an electrochemical flow cell that allows us to carry out cyclic voltammetry in situ and electrodeposition on a working electrode and to study chemical reactions under operando conditions. Examples of x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements performed under ambient conditions and during electrochemical experiments in liquids are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nappini
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - L D'Amario
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Physics Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - M Favaro
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Dal Zilio
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - F Salvador
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - E Betz-Güttner
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Physics Department, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Fondacaro
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - I Píš
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - L Romanzin
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Gambitta
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Bondino
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - M Lazzarino
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - E Magnano
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
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12
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Almodóvar P, López ML, Ramírez-Castellanos J, Nappini S, Magnano E, González-Calbet JM, Díaz-Guerra C. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical assessment of hexagonal molybdenum trioxide (h-MoO3) micro-composites with graphite, graphene and graphene oxide for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Pérez Ramírez L, Gallet JJ, Bournel F, Lim F, Carniato S, Rochet F, Yazyev OV, Pasquarello A, Magnano E, Bondino F. Hydrogen Bonding of Ammonia with (H,OH)-Si(001) Revealed by Experimental and Ab Initio Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5378-5388. [PMID: 32491866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combining experimental and ab initio core-level photoelectron spectroscopy (periodic DFT and quantum chemistry calculations), we elucidated how ammonia molecules bond to the hydroxyls of the (H,OH)-Si(001) model surface at a temperature of 130 K. Indeed, theory evaluated the magnitude and direction of the N 1s (and O 1s) chemical shifts according to the nature (acceptor or donor) of the hydrogen bond and, when confronted to experiment, showed unambiguously that the probe molecule makes one acceptor and one donor bond with a pair of hydroxyls. The consistency of our approach was proved by the fact that the identified adsorption geometries are precisely those that have the largest binding strength to the surface, as calculated by periodic DFT. Real-time core-level photoemission enabled measurement of the adsorption kinetics of H-bonded ammonia and its maximum coverage (0.37 ML) under 1.5 × 10-9 mbar. Experimental desorption free energies were compared to the magnitude of the adsorption energies provided by periodic DFT calculations. Minority species were also detected on the surface. As in the case of H-bonded ammonia, DFT core-level calculations were instrumental to attribute these minority species to datively bonded ammonia molecules, associated with isolated dangling bonds remaining on the surface, and to dissociated ammonia molecules, resulting largely from beam damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pérez Ramírez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Gallet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 4891192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Bournel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 4891192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Florence Lim
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Carniato
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Rochet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oleg V Yazyev
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, 2006 Auckland Park, South Africa
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14
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Poggini L, Londi G, Milek M, Naim A, Lanzilotto V, Cortigiani B, Bondino F, Magnano E, Otero E, Sainctavit P, Arrio MA, Juhin A, Marchivie M, Khusniyarov MM, Totti F, Rosa P, Mannini M. Surface effects on a photochromic spin-crossover iron(ii) molecular switch adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Nanoscale 2019; 11:20006-20014. [PMID: 31603165 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of an iron(ii) complex with a photochromic diarylethene-based ligand and featuring a spin-crossover behaviour have been grown by sublimation in ultra-high vacuum on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and spectroscopically characterized through high-resolution X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission, as well as via X-ray absorption. Temperature-dependent studies demonstrated that the thermally induced spin-crossover is preserved at a sub-monolayer (0.7 ML) coverage. Although the photochromic ligand ad hoc integrated into the complex allows the photo-switching of the spin state of the complex at room temperature both in bulk and for a thick film on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, this photomagnetic effect is not observed in sub-monolayer deposits. Ab initio calculations justify this behaviour as the result of specific adsorbate-substrate interactions leading to the stabilization of the photoinactive form of the diarylethene ligand over photoactive one on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Poggini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Londi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Milek
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Naim
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valeria Lanzilotto
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Brunetto Cortigiani
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Federica Bondino
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin, BP 48 91192, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Sainctavit
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin, BP 48 91192, Gif sur Yvette, France and IMPMC-UMR7590, CNRS, Sorbonne université, MNHN 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Arrio
- IMPMC-UMR7590, CNRS, Sorbonne université, MNHN 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amélie Juhin
- IMPMC-UMR7590, CNRS, Sorbonne université, MNHN 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Marat M Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Patrick Rosa
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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15
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Kumar A, Naumenko D, Rossi G, Magnano E, Nappini S, Bondino F, Segoloni E, Amidani L, d'Acapito F, Boscherini F, Barba L, Pace E, Benfatto M, Casassa S, Pedio M. The effect of long-range order on intermolecular interactions in organic semiconductors: zinc octaethyl porphyrin molecular thin film model systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22966-22975. [PMID: 31599284 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to optimize the performance of devices based on porphyrin thin films it is of great importance to gain a physical understanding of the various factors which affect their charge transport and light-harvesting properties. In this work, we have employed a multi-technique approach to study vacuum deposited zinc octaethyl porphyrin (ZnOEP) thin films with different degrees of long-range order as model systems. An asymmetrical stretching of the skeletal carbon atoms of the porphyrin conformer has been observed and attributed to ordered molecular stacking and intermolecular interactions. For ordered films, a detailed fitting analysis of the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) using the MXAN code establishes a symmetry reduction in the molecular conformer involving the skeletal carbon atoms of the porphyrin ring; this highlights the consequences of increased π-π stacking of ZnOEP molecules adopting the triclinic structure. The observed asymmetrical stretching of the π conjugation network of the porphyrin structure can have significant implications for charge transport and light harvesting, significantly influencing the performance of porphyrin based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, TASC Laboratory, Trieste, Italy.
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16
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Fratoddi I, Venditti I, Battocchio C, Carlini L, Amatori S, Porchia M, Tisato F, Bondino F, Magnano E, Pellei M, Santini C. Highly Hydrophilic Gold Nanoparticles as Carrier for Anticancer Copper(I) Complexes: Loading and Release Studies for Biomedical Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E772. [PMID: 31137492 PMCID: PMC6567210 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which are strongly hydrophilic and dimensionally suitable for drug delivery, were used in loading and release studies of two different copper(I)-based antitumor complexes, namely [Cu(PTA)4]+ [BF4]- (A; PTA = 1, 3, 5-triaza-7-phosphadamantane) and [HB(pz)3Cu(PCN)] (B; HB(pz)3 = tris(pyrazolyl)borate, PCN = tris(cyanoethyl)phosphane). In the homoleptic, water-soluble compound A, the metal is tetrahedrally arranged in a cationic moiety. Compound B is instead a mixed-ligand (scorpionate/phosphane), neutral complex insoluble in water. In this work, the loading procedures and the loading efficiency of A and B complexes on the AuNPs were investigated, with the aim to improve their bioavailability and to obtain a controlled release. The non-covalent interactions of A and B with the AuNPs surface were studied by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Vis, FT-IR and high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) measurements. As a result, the AuNPs-A system proved to be more stable and efficient than the AuNPs-B system. In fact, for AuNPs-A the drug loading reached 90%, whereas for AuNPs-B it reached 65%. For AuNPs-A conjugated systems, a release study in water solution was performed over 4 days, showing a slow release up to 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fratoddi
- Chemistry Department Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Iole Venditti
- Sciences Department Roma Tre University of Rome, via della Vasca navale 79, 00146 Rome Italy.
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Sciences Department Roma Tre University of Rome, via della Vasca navale 79, 00146 Rome Italy.
| | - Laura Carlini
- Sciences Department Roma Tre University of Rome, via della Vasca navale 79, 00146 Rome Italy.
| | - Simone Amatori
- Chemistry Department Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marina Porchia
- ICMATE, National Research Council (CNR), Corso Stati Uniti, 4-35127 Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesco Tisato
- ICMATE, National Research Council (CNR), Corso Stati Uniti, 4-35127 Padua, Italy.
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC, SS 14, km 163,5 Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC, SS 14, km 163,5 Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy.
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy.
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17
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Duncan DA, Casado Aguilar P, Paszkiewicz M, Diller K, Bondino F, Magnano E, Klappenberger F, Píš I, Rubio A, Barth JV, Pérez Paz A, Allegretti F. Local adsorption structure and bonding of porphine on Cu(111) before and after self-metalation. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094702. [PMID: 30849887 DOI: 10.1063/1.5084027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have experimentally determined the lateral registry and geometric structure of free-base porphine (2H-P) and copper-metalated porphine (Cu-P) adsorbed on Cu(111), by means of energy-scanned photoelectron diffraction (PhD), and compared the experimental results to density functional theory (DFT) calculations that included van der Waals corrections within the Tkatchenko-Scheffler approach. Both 2H-P and Cu-P adsorb with their center above a surface bridge site. Consistency is obtained between the experimental and DFT-predicted structural models, with a characteristic change in the corrugation of the four N atoms of the molecule's macrocycle following metalation. Interestingly, comparison with previously published data for cobalt porphine adsorbed on the same surface evidences a distinct increase in the average height of the N atoms above the surface through the series 2H-P, Cu-P, and cobalt porphine. Such an increase strikingly anti-correlates the DFT-predicted adsorption strength, with 2H-P having the smallest adsorption height despite the weakest calculated adsorption energy. In addition, our findings suggest that for these macrocyclic compounds, substrate-to-molecule charge transfer and adsorption strength may not be univocally correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Duncan
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Casado Aguilar
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Paszkiewicz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Diller
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Bondino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Klappenberger
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Píš
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Pérez Paz
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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18
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Píš I, Magnano E, Nappini S, Bondino F. Under-cover stabilization and reactivity of a dense carbon monoxide layer on Pt(111). Chem Sci 2019; 10:1857-1865. [PMID: 30842854 PMCID: PMC6371755 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A dense CO overlayer on a Pt(111) surface under a 2D hybrid h-BN–graphene cover was studied.
The space between a metal surface and a two-dimensional cover can be regarded as a nanoreactor, where confined molecule adsorption and surface reactions may occur. In this work, we report CO intercalation and reactivity between a graphene-hexagonal boron nitride (h-BNG) heterostructure and Pt(111). By employing high resolution X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) we demonstrate the molecular intercalation of the full h-BNG overlayer and stabilization of a dense R23.4°–13CO layer on Pt(111) under ultra-high vacuum at room temperature. We provide experimental evidence of a weakened CO–metal bond due to the confinement effects of the 2D cover. Temperature-programmed XPS results reveal that CO desorption is kinetically delayed and occurs at a higher temperature than on bare Pt(111). Moreover, CO partially reacts with the h-BNG layer to form boron-oxide species, which affect repeated CO intercalation. Finally, we found that the properties of the system towards interaction with CO can be considerably recovered using high temperature treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Píš
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , 34149 Basovizza , Trieste , Italy . .,IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , 34149 Basovizza , Trieste , Italy .
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , 34149 Basovizza , Trieste , Italy . .,Department of Physics , University of Johannesburg , Auckland Park 2006 , South Africa
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , 34149 Basovizza , Trieste , Italy .
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , 34149 Basovizza , Trieste , Italy .
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Bocquet FC, Giovanelli L, Ksari Y, Ovramenko T, Mayne AJ, Dujardin G, Spillebout F, Sonnet P, Bondino F, Magnano E, Themlin JM. Peculiar covalent bonding of C 60/6H-SiC(0 0 0 1)-(3 × 3) probed by photoelectron spectroscopy. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:505002. [PMID: 30468155 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaed1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High resolution photoemission with synchrotron radiation was used to study the interface formation of a thin layer of C60 on 6H-SiC(0 0 0 1)-(3 × 3), characterized by protruding Si-tetramers. The results show that C60 is chemisorbed by orbital hybridization between the highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the p z orbital of Si adatom at the apex of the tetramers. The covalent nature of the bonding was inferred from core level as well as valence band spectra. The Si 2p spectra reveal that a large fraction (at least 45%) of the Si adatoms remain unbound despite the reactive character of the associated dangling bonds. This is consistent with a model in which each C60 is attached to the substrate through a single covalent C60-Si bond. A binding energy shift of the core levels associated with sub-surface Si or C atoms indicates a decrease of the SiC band bending caused by a charge transfer from the C60 molecules to the substrate via the formation of donor-like interface states.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Bocquet
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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20
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Vásquez GC, Maestre D, Cremades A, Ramírez-Castellanos J, Magnano E, Nappini S, Karazhanov SZ. Understanding the effects of Cr doping in rutile TiO 2 by DFT calculations and X-ray spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8740. [PMID: 29880895 PMCID: PMC5992178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Cr on local environment and electronic structure of rutile TiO2 are studied combining theoretical and experimental approaches. Neutral and negatively charged substitutional Cr impurities CrTi0 and CrTi1− as well as Cr-oxygen vacancy complex 2CrTi + VO are studied by the density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. Experimental results based on X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) performed on Cr doped TiO2 at the Synchrotron facility were compared to the theoretical results. It is shown that the electrons of the oxygen vacancy tend to be localized at the t2g states of the Cr ions in order to reach the stable oxidation state of Cr3+. Effects of Cr on crystal field (CF) and structural distortions in the rutile TiO2 cell were analyzed by the DFT calculations and XAS spectra revealing that the CF and tetragonal distortions in TiO2 are very sensitive to the concentration of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cristian Vásquez
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Department for Solar Energy, Institute for Energy Technology, 2007, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - David Maestre
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cremades
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Ramírez-Castellanos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Smagul Zh Karazhanov
- Department for Solar Energy, Institute for Energy Technology, 2007, Kjeller, Norway
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21
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Fratoddi I, Cartoni A, Venditti I, Catone D, O'Keeffe P, Paladini A, Toschi F, Turchini S, Sciubba F, Testa G, Battocchio C, Carlini L, Proietti Zaccaria R, Magnano E, Pis I, Avaldi L. Gold nanoparticles functionalized by rhodamine B isothiocyanate: A new tool to control plasmonic effects. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 513:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Valbonesi M, Florio G, Pungolino E, Ruzzenenti M, Carlier P, Berta S, Magnano E. RBC Aliquot Collection as a Method for Collecting, Storing and Issuing Multiple Aliquots of PRBC for Pediatric Transfusion. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889601901010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Valbonesi
- Immunohematology Services, San Martino University Hospital, Genova - Italy
| | - G. Florio
- Immunohematology Services, San Martino University Hospital, Genova - Italy
| | - E. Pungolino
- Immunohematology Services, San Martino University Hospital, Genova - Italy
| | - M.R. Ruzzenenti
- Immunohematology Services, San Martino University Hospital, Genova - Italy
| | - P. Carlier
- Immunohematology Services, San Martino University Hospital, Genova - Italy
| | - S. Berta
- Immunohematology Services, San Martino University Hospital, Genova - Italy
| | - E. Magnano
- Immunohematology Services, San Martino University Hospital, Genova - Italy
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23
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Bondino F, Magnano E, Ciancio R, Castellarin Cudia C, Barla A, Carlino E, Yakhou-Harris F, Rupesinghe N, Cepek C. Stable Fe nanomagnets encapsulated inside vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:32079-32085. [PMID: 29182175 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined sized (5-10 nm) metallic iron nanoparticles (NPs) with body-centered cubic structure encapsulated inside the tip of millimeter-long vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) of uniform length have been investigated with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and soft X-ray spectroscopy techniques. Surface-sensitive and chemically-selective measurements have been used to evaluate the magnetic properties of the encapsulated NPs. The encapsulated Fe NPs display magnetic remanence up to room temperature, low coercivity, high chemical stability and no significant anisotropy. Our surface-sensitive measurements combined with the specific morphology of the studied VACNTs allow us to pinpoint the contribution of the surface oxidized or hydroxidized iron catalysts present at the VACNT-substrate interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bondino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Area Science Park, S.S.14, Km. 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
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24
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Naitabdi A, Rochet F, Bournel F, Bonato M, Gallet JJ, Bondino F, Magnano E. How a tertiary diamine molecule chelates the silicon dimers of the Si(001) surface: a real-time scanning tunneling microscopy study. Nanoscale 2018; 10:2371-2379. [PMID: 29334098 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of silicon surfaces by organic molecules emerges as an original way to fabricate innovative nanoelectronic devices. In this regard, we have studied how a diamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA, (CH3)2N-[CH2]2-N(CH3)2), chelates the silicon dimers of the Si(001)-2 × 1 surface. Starting from very low coverage to surface saturation (at 300 K), we used real-time scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in a scanning-while-dosing approach. The images show that the molecules can adopt two bonding configurations: the cross-trench (CT) configuration by bridging two adjacent dimer rows, and the end-bridge (EB) configuration by chelating two adjacent dimers in the same row. However, while CT dominates over EB at low coverage, the percentage of EB adducts steadily increases, until it becomes largely dominant at high molecular coverage. Above a critical coverage θmol of ∼0.13 monolayer (ML), a sudden change in the molecular imprints is seen, likely due to a change in the tunneling conditions. The EB stapling of two adjacent dimers in a row via a dual-dative bond (as shown by XPS) is achieved efficiently by the TMEDA molecule with a very high chemical selectivity. The EB is a unique configuration in amine adsorption chemistry, as it leads to the formation of a pair of first-neighbor, doubly-occupied dangling bonds. Further reactivity of the EB site with other molecules remains to be explored, and possible reaction schemes are envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Naitabdi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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25
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Carbonio EA, Rocha TCR, Klyushin AY, Píš I, Magnano E, Nappini S, Piccinin S, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Jones TE. Are multiple oxygen species selective in ethylene epoxidation on silver? Chem Sci 2018; 9:990-998. [PMID: 29629166 PMCID: PMC5874983 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04728b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the oxygen species active in ethylene epoxidation is a long-standing question. While the structure of the oxygen species that participates in total oxidation (nucleophilic oxygen) is known the atomic structure of the selective species (electrophilic oxygen) is still debated. Here, we use both in situ and UHV X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to study the interaction of oxygen with a silver surface. We show experimental evidence that the unreconstructed adsorbed atomic oxygen (Oads) often argued to be active in epoxidation has a binding energy (BE) ≤ 528 eV, showing a core-level shift to lower BE with respect to the O-reconstructions, as previously predicted by DFT. Thus, contrary to the frequent assignment, adsorbed atomic oxygen cannot account for the electrophilic oxygen species with an O 1s BE of 530-531 eV, thought to be the active species in ethylene epoxidation. Moreover, we show that Oads is present at very low O-coverages during in situ XPS measurements and that it can be obtained at slightly higher coverages in UHV at low temperature. DFT calculations support that only low coverages of Oads are stable. The highly reactive species is titrated by background gases even at low temperature in UHV conditions. Our findings suggest that at least two different species could participate in the partial oxidation of ethylene on silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia A Carbonio
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany .
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Tulio C R Rocha
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) , Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , PO Box 6192 , 13083-970 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Alexander Yu Klyushin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany .
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Igor Píš
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , S.S. 14-km 163.5 , Trieste , 34149 Basovizza , Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14-Km 163.5 , Trieste , 34149 Basovizza , Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , S.S. 14-km 163.5 , Trieste , 34149 Basovizza , Italy
- Department of Physics , University of Johannesburg , PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , S.S. 14-km 163.5 , Trieste , 34149 Basovizza , Italy
| | - Simone Piccinin
- CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali , c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265 , 34136 Trieste , Italy
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470 , Germany
| | - Travis E Jones
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
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26
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Smerieri M, Píš I, Ferrighi L, Nappini S, Lusuan A, Vattuone L, Vaghi L, Papagni A, Magnano E, Di Valentin C, Bondino F, Savio L. Synthesis of corrugated C-based nanostructures by Br-corannulene oligomerization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26161-26172. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure and electronic properties of carbon-based nanostructures obtained by metal surface assisted synthesis is highly dependent on the nature of the precursor molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Píš
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A
- 34149 Basovizza (TS)
- Italy
- IOM-CNR
- Laboratorio TASC
| | - Lara Ferrighi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali
- Università di Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Vattuone
- IMEM-CNR
- UOS Genova
- 16146 Genova
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica
| | - Luca Vaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali
- Università di Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali
- Università di Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR
- Laboratorio TASC
- 34149 Basovizza (TS)
- Italy
- Department of Physics
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27
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Cecchini P, D’Aloisio R, Antonuccio M, Turco G, Bondino F, Magnano E, Di Nicola M, Tognetto D. Chemical and physical analysis of phaco handpiece tip surfaces before and after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2017; 43:1107-1114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Favaro M, Yang J, Nappini S, Magnano E, Toma FM, Crumlin EJ, Yano J, Sharp ID. Understanding the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Mechanism on CoOx using Operando Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8960-8970. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Favaro
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area
Science Park Basovizza, s.s. 14 km 163, 5 Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area
Science Park Basovizza, s.s. 14 km 163, 5 Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca M. Toma
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
| | - Ethan J. Crumlin
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
| | - Junko Yano
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
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Clark PCJ, Radtke H, Pengpad A, Williamson AI, Spencer BF, Hardman SJO, Leontiadou MA, Neo DCJ, Fairclough SM, Watt AAR, Pis I, Nappini S, Bondino F, Magnano E, Handrup K, Schulte K, Silly MG, Sirotti F, Flavell WR. The passivating effect of cadmium in PbS/CdS colloidal quantum dots probed by nm-scale depth profiling. Nanoscale 2017; 9:6056-6067. [PMID: 28443889 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving control of the surface chemistry of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) is essential to fully exploit their properties in solar cells, but direct measurement of the chemistry and electronic structure in the outermost atomic layers is challenging. Here we probe the surface oxidation and passivation of cation-exchanged PbS/CdS core/shell CQDs with sub nm-scale precision using synchrotron-radiation-excited depth-profiling photoemission. We investigate the surface composition of the topmost 1-2.5 nm of the CQDs as a function of depth, for CQDs of varying CdS shell thickness, and examine how the surface changes after prolonged air exposure. We demonstrate that the Cd is localized at the surface of the CQDs. The surface-localized products of oxidation are identified, and the extent of oxidation quantified. We show that oxidised sulfur species are progressively eliminated as Cd replaces Pb at the surface. A sub-monolayer surface 'decoration' of Cd is found to be effective in passivating the CQDs. We show that the measured energy-level alignments at PbS/CdS colloidal quantum dot surfaces differ from those expected on the basis of bulk band offsets, and are strongly affected by the oxidation products. We develop a model for the passivating action of Cd. The optimum shell thickness (of around 0.1 nm, previously found to give maximised power conversion efficiency in PbS/CdS solar cells) is found to correspond to a trade-off between the rate of oxidation and the introduction of a surface barrier to charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pip C J Clark
- School of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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30
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Nappini S, Matruglio A, Naumenko D, Dal Zilio S, Bondino F, Lazzarino M, Magnano E. Graphene nanobubbles on TiO 2 for in-operando electron spectroscopy of liquid-phase chemistry. Nanoscale 2017; 9:4456-4466. [PMID: 28304018 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) provide unique knowledge on the electronic structure and chemical properties of materials. Unfortunately this information is scarce when investigating solid/liquid interfaces and chemical or photochemical reactions under ambient conditions because of the short electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP) that requires a vacuum environment, which poses serious limitation on the application of XPS and XAS to samples present in the atmosphere or in the presence of a solvent. One promising approach is the use of graphene (Gr) windows transparent to both photons and electrons. This paper proposes an innovative system based on sealed Gr nanobubbles (GNBs) on a titanium dioxide TiO2 (100) rutile single crystal filled with the solution of interest during the fabrication stage. The GNBs were successfully employed to follow in-operando the thermal-induced reduction of FeCl3 to FeCl2 in aqueous solution. The electronic states of chlorine, iron and oxygen were obtained through a combination of electron spectroscopy methods (XPS and XAS) in different phases of the process. The interaction of various components in solution with solid surfaces constituting the cell was obtained, also highlighting the formation of a covalent C-Cl bond in the Gr structure. For the easiness of GNB fabrication and straightforward extension to a large variety of solutions, we envisage a broad application of the proposed approach to investigate in detail electronic mechanisms that regulate liquid/solid electron transfer in catalytic and energy conversion related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nappini
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - A Matruglio
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy. and University of Trieste, Graduate School of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Naumenko
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - S Dal Zilio
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - F Bondino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - M Lazzarino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - E Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy. and Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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31
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Vila M, Díaz-Guerra C, Lorenz K, Piqueras J, Píš I, Magnano E, Munuera C, Alves E, García-Hernández M. Effects of thermal annealing on the structural and electronic properties of rare earth-implanted MoO3 nanoplates. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Wakita T, Paris E, Kobayashi K, Terashima K, Hacisalihoǧlu MY, Ueno T, Bondino F, Magnano E, Píš I, Olivi L, Akimitsu J, Muraoka Y, Yokoya T, Saini NL. The electronic structure of Ag1−xSn1+xSe2 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25 and 1.0). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26672-26678. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Distinct valence electronic structures of SnSe and Ag1−xSn1+xSe2 are revealed by a combined analysis of X-ray absorption and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies.
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33
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Smerieri M, Píš I, Ferrighi L, Nappini S, Lusuan A, Di Valentin C, Vaghi L, Papagni A, Cattelan M, Agnoli S, Magnano E, Bondino F, Savio L. Synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with a defined mixed edge-site sequence by surface assisted polymerization of (1,6)-dibromopyrene on Ag(110). Nanoscale 2016; 8:17843-17853. [PMID: 27714142 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05952j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory calculations, we prove the formation of extended patterns of parallel, graphene nanoribbons with alternate zig-zag and armchair edges and selected width by surface-assisted Ullmann coupling polymerization and dehydrogenation of 1,6-dibromopyrene (C16H8Br2). Besides the relevance of these nanostructures for their possible application in nanodevices, we demonstrate the peculiarity of halogenated pyrene derivatives for the formation of nanoribbons, in particular on Ag(110). These results open the possibility of tuning the shape and dimension of nanoribbons (and hence the correlated electronic properties) by choosing suitably tailored or on-purpose designed molecular precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Smerieri
- IMEM-CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Igor Píš
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy. and IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - Lara Ferrighi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - Angelique Lusuan
- IMEM-CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy. and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Vaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Cattelan
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy and Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - Letizia Savio
- IMEM-CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
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34
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Schneider L, Rinkel T, Voß B, Chrobak A, Klare JP, Neethling J, Olivier J, Schaniel D, Bendeif EE, Bondino F, Magnano E, Píš I, Balinski K, Wollschläger J, Steinhoff HJ, Haase M, Kuepper K. Characterization of multifunctional β-NaEuF4/NaGdF4 core-shell nanoparticles with narrow size distribution. Nanoscale 2016; 8:2832-2843. [PMID: 26763792 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The properties of β-NaEuF4/NaGdF4 core-shell nanocrystals have been thoroughly investigated. Nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and an overall diameter of ∼22 nm have been produced with either small β-NaEuF4 cores (∼3 nm diameter) or large β-NaEuF4 cores (∼18 nm diameter). The structural properties and core-shell formation are investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance, respectively. Optical luminescence measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to gain information about the optical emission bands and valence states of the rare earth constituents. Magnetic characterization is performed by SQUID and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the rare earth M(4,5) edges. The characterization of the core-shell nanoparticles by means of these complementary techniques demonstrates that partial intermixing of core and shell materials takes place, and a significant fraction of europium is present in the divalent state which has significant influence on the magnetic properties. Hence, we obtained a combination of red emitting Eu(3+) ions and paramagnetic Gd(3+) ions, which may be highly valuable for potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Schneider
- Department of Physics, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Thorben Rinkel
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Benjamin Voß
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Artur Chrobak
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Johann P Klare
- Department of Physics, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Jan Neethling
- Centre for HRTEM, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Jaco Olivier
- Centre for HRTEM, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Dominik Schaniel
- Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - El-Eulmi Bendeif
- Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Igor Píš
- IOM CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy and Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kamil Balinski
- Department of Physics, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Joachim Wollschläger
- Department of Physics, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Heinz-Jürgen Steinhoff
- Department of Physics, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Markus Haase
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Karsten Kuepper
- Department of Physics, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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35
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Cattelan M, Píš I, Nappini S, Magnano E, Bondino F, Agnoli S. The magnetization orientation of Fe ultrathin layers in contact with graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:33233-33239. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05368h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the magnetic and chemical properties of Fe/graphene vertically stacked ultrathin films by means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Cattelan
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Igor Píš
- IOM-CNR
- Laboratorio TASC
- S.S. 14 km 163.5
- I-34149 Basovizza
- Italy
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM-CNR
- Laboratorio TASC
- S.S. 14 km 163.5
- I-34149 Basovizza
- Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR
- Laboratorio TASC
- S.S. 14 km 163.5
- I-34149 Basovizza
- Italy
| | | | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
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36
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Page RC, Espinobarro-Velazquez D, Leontiadou MA, Smith C, Lewis EA, Haigh SJ, Li C, Radtke H, Pengpad A, Bondino F, Magnano E, Pis I, Flavell WR, O'Brien P, Binks DJ. Near-unity quantum yields from chloride treated CdTe colloidal quantum dots. Small 2015; 11:1548-54. [PMID: 25348200 PMCID: PMC4409856 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising materials for novel light sources and solar energy conversion. However, trap states associated with the CQD surface can produce non-radiative charge recombination that significantly reduces device performance. Here a facile post-synthetic treatment of CdTe CQDs is demonstrated that uses chloride ions to achieve near-complete suppression of surface trapping, resulting in an increase of photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) from ca. 5% to up to 97.2 ± 2.5%. The effect of the treatment is characterised by absorption and PL spectroscopy, PL decay, scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This process also dramatically improves the air-stability of the CQDs: before treatment the PL is largely quenched after 1 hour of air-exposure, whilst the treated samples showed a PL QY of nearly 50% after more than 12 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Page
- FRS, School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Marina A Leontiadou
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Charles Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Edward A Lewis
- School of Materials, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- School of Materials, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN, 37235 USA and Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831–6071, USA
| | - Hanna Radtke
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Atip Pengpad
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM CNR, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Area Science Park – BasovizzaS.S. 14 Km. 163, 5 I-34149, Basovizza, (TS), Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM CNR, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Area Science Park – BasovizzaS.S. 14 Km. 163, 5 I-34149, Basovizza, (TS), Italy
| | - Igor Pis
- IOM CNR, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Area Science Park – BasovizzaS.S. 14 Km. 163, 5 I-34149, Basovizza, (TS), Italy
| | - Wendy R Flavell
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul O'Brien
- FRS, School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David J Binks
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PL, UK
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37
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Ferrighi L, Píš I, Nguyen TH, Cattelan M, Nappini S, Basagni A, Parravicini M, Papagni A, Sedona F, Magnano E, Bondino F, Di Valentin C, Agnoli S. Control of the intermolecular coupling of dibromotetracene on Cu(110) by the sequential activation of C-Br and C-H bonds. Chemistry 2015; 21:5826-35. [PMID: 25711882 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dibromotetracene molecules are deposited on the Cu(110) surface at room temperature. The complex evolution of this system has been monitored at different temperatures (i.e., 298, 523, 673, and 723 K) by means of a variety of complementary techniques that range from STM and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) to high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). State-of-the-art density-functional calculations were used to determine the chemical processes that take place on the surface. After deposition at room temperature, the organic molecules are transformed into organometallic monomers through debromination and carbon-radical binding to copper adatoms. Organometallic dimers, trimers, or small oligomers, which present copper-bridged molecules, are formed by increasing the temperature. Surprisingly, further heating to 673 K causes the formation of elongated chains along the Cu(110) close-packed rows as a consequence of radical-site migration to the thermodynamically more stable molecule heads. Finally, massive dehydrogenation occurs at the highest temperature followed by ring condensation to nanographenic patches. This study is a paradigmatic example of how intermolecular coupling can be modulated by the stepwise control of a simple parameter, such as temperature, through a sequence of domino reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ferrighi
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano (Italy)
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38
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Cattelan M, Peng GW, Cavaliere E, Artiglia L, Barinov A, Roling LT, Favaro M, Píš I, Nappini S, Magnano E, Bondino F, Gavioli L, Agnoli S, Mavrikakis M, Granozzi G. The nature of the Fe-graphene interface at the nanometer level. Nanoscale 2015; 7:2450-2460. [PMID: 25565421 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04956j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The emerging fields of graphene-based magnetic and spintronic devices require a deep understanding of the interface between graphene and ferromagnetic metals. This paper reports a detailed investigation at the nanometer level of the Fe-graphene interface carried out by angle-resolved photoemission, high-resolution photoemission from core levels, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure, scanning tunnelling microscopy and spin polarized density functional theory calculations. Quasi-free-standing graphene was grown on Pt(111), and the iron film was either deposited atop or intercalated beneath graphene. Calculations and experimental results show that iron strongly modifies the graphene band structure and lifts its π band spin degeneracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cattelan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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39
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Cant DJH, Syres KL, Lunt PJB, Radtke H, Treacy J, Thomas PJ, Lewis EA, Haigh SJ, O'Brien P, Schulte K, Bondino F, Magnano E, Flavell WR. Surface properties of nanocrystalline PbS films deposited at the water-oil interface: a study of atmospheric aging. Langmuir 2015; 31:1445-53. [PMID: 25557338 DOI: 10.1021/la504779h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline thin films of PbS are obtained in a straightforward reaction by precipitation at the interface between toluene (containing a Pb precursor) and water (containing Na2S). Lead thiobiuret [Pb(SON(CN(i)Pr2)2)2] and lead diethyldithiocarbamate [Pb(S2CNEt2)2] precursors are used. The films are characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, revealing typical particle sizes of 10-40 nm and preferred (200) orientation. Synchrotron-excited depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to determine the depth-dependent chemical composition as a function of surface aging in air for periods of up to 9 months. The as-synthesized films show a 1:1 Pb/S composition. Initial degradation occurs to form lead hydroxide and small quantities of surface-adsorbed -SH species. A lead-deficient Pb1-xS phase is produced as the aging proceeds. Oxidation of the sulfur occurs later to form sulfite and sulfate products that are highly localized at the surface layers of the nanocrystals. These species show logarithmic growth kinetics, demonstrating that the sulfite/sulfate layer acts to passivate the nanocrystals. Our results demonstrate that the initial reaction of the PbS nanocrystals (forming lead hydroxide) is incongruent. The results are discussed in the context of the use of PbS nanocrystals as light-harvesting elements in next-generation solar technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J H Cant
- School of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, and ‡School of Materials, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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40
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Thomas PJ, Stansfield GL, Komba N, Cant DJH, Ramasamy K, Albrasi E, Al-Chaghouri H, Syres KL, O'Brien P, Flavell WR, Mubofu E, Bondino F, Magnano E. Growth of nanocrystalline thin films of metal sulfides [CdS, ZnS, CuS and PbS] at the water–oil interface. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09417h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Films of Nanocrystalline CuS, PbS, CdS and ZnS at water toluene interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathanael Komba
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M139PL
- UK
| | - David J. H. Cant
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M139PL
- UK
| | - Karthik Ramasamy
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M139PL
- UK
| | - Enteisar Albrasi
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M139PL
- UK
| | | | - Karen L. Syres
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
| | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M139PL
- UK
- School of Materials
| | - Wendy R. Flavell
- Photon Science Institute
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Egid Mubofu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Dar es Salaam
- Dar es Salaam
- Tanzania
| | | | - Elena Magnano
- IOM CNR
- Laboratorio Nazionale TASC
- I-34149 Basovizza
- Italy
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41
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Cimatti I, Ninova S, Lanzilotto V, Malavolti L, Rigamonti L, Cortigiani B, Mannini M, Magnano E, Bondino F, Totti F, Cornia A, Sessoli R. UHV deposition and characterization of a mononuclear iron(III) β-diketonate complex on Au(111). Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2014; 5:2139-48. [PMID: 25551042 PMCID: PMC4273306 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of the sterically hindered β-diketonate complex Fe(dpm)3, where Hdpm = dipivaloylmethane, on Au(111) was investigated by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The high volatility of the molecule limited the growth of the film to a few monolayers. While UPS evidenced the presence of the β-diketonate ligands on the surface, the integrity of the molecule on the surface could not be assessed. The low temperature STM images were more informative and at submonolayer coverage they showed the presence of regular domains characterized by a flat morphology and height of ≈0.3 nm. Along with these domains, tetra-lobed features adsorbed on the kinks of the herringbone were also observed. DFT-simulated images of the pristine molecule and its possible decomposition products allowed to assess the partial fragmentation of Fe(dpm)3 upon adsorption on the Au(111) surface. Structural features with intact molecules were only observed for the saturation coverage. An ex situ prepared thick film of the complex was also investigated by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and features typical of high-spin iron(III) in octahedral environment were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cimatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence & INSTM RU of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silviya Ninova
- Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence & INSTM RU of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanzilotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence & INSTM RU of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luigi Malavolti
- Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence & INSTM RU of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM RU of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Brunetto Cortigiani
- Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence & INSTM RU of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence & INSTM RU of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Bondino
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Totti
- Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence & INSTM RU of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Cornia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM RU of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence & INSTM RU of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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42
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Artiglia L, Agnoli S, Savio L, Pal J, Celasco E, Rocca M, Bondino F, Magnano E, Castellarin-Cudia C, Netzer FP, Granozzi G. From Vanadia Nanoclusters to Ultrathin Films on TiO2(110): Evolution of the Yield and Selectivity in the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5008798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Artiglia
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Letizia Savio
- IMEM
CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Jagriti Pal
- IMEM
CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Edvige Celasco
- IMEM
CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Rocca
- IMEM
CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM CNR, LABORATORIO
TASC, S.S. 14 Km. 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM CNR, LABORATORIO
TASC, S.S. 14 Km. 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Carla Castellarin-Cudia
- Surface
and Interface Physics, Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Falko P. Netzer
- Surface
and Interface Physics, Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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43
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Russo L, Battocchio C, Secchi V, Magnano E, Nappini S, Taraballi F, Gabrielli L, Comelli F, Papagni A, Costa B, Polzonetti G, Nicotra F, Natalello A, Doglia SM, Cipolla L. Thiol-ene mediated neoglycosylation of collagen patches: a preliminary study. Langmuir 2014; 30:1336-1342. [PMID: 24443819 DOI: 10.1021/la404310p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the relevance of carbohydrates as cues in eliciting specific biological responses, the covalent surface modification of collagen-based matrices with small carbohydrate epitopes has been scarcely investigated. We report thereby the development of an efficient procedure for the chemoselective neoglycosylation of collagen matrices (patches) via a thiol-ene approach, between alkene-derived monosaccharides and the thiol-functionalized material surface. Synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-XPS), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) confirmed the effectiveness of the collagen neoglycosylation. Preliminary biological evaluation in osteoarthritic models is reported. The proposed methodology can be extended to any thiolated surface for the development of smart biomaterials for innovative approaches in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnolgy and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Borghetti P, Santo GD, Castellarin-Cudia C, Fanetti M, Sangaletti L, Magnano E, Bondino F, Goldoni A. Adsorption geometry, conformation, and electronic structure of 2H-octaethylporphyrin on Ag(111) and Fe metalation in ultra high vacuum. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:144702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4798934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pesquera D, Herranz G, Barla A, Pellegrin E, Bondino F, Magnano E, Sánchez F, Fontcuberta J. Surface symmetry-breaking and strain effects on orbital occupancy in transition metal perovskite epitaxial films. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1189. [PMID: 23149734 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron occupancy of 3d-orbitals determines the properties of transition metal oxides. This can be achieved, for example, through thin-film heterostructure engineering of ABO(3) oxides, enabling emerging properties at interfaces. Interestingly, epitaxial strain may break the degeneracy of 3d-e(g) and t(2g) orbitals, thus favoring a particular orbital filling with consequences for functional properties. Here we disclose the effects of symmetry breaking at free surfaces of ABO(3) perovskite epitaxial films and show that it can be combined with substrate-induced epitaxial strain to tailor at will the electron occupancy of in-plane and out-of-plane surface electronic orbitals. We use X-ray linear dichroism to monitor the relative contributions of surface, strain and atomic terminations to the occupancy of 3z(2)-r(2) and x(2)-y(2) orbitals in La(2/3)Sr(1/3)MnO(3) films. These findings open the possibility of an active tuning of surface electronic and magnetic properties as well as chemical properties (catalytic reactivity, wettability and so on).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pesquera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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Caminale M, Anghinolfi L, Magnano E, Bondino F, Canepa M, Mattera L, Bisio F. Tuning the magneto-optical response of iron oxide nanocrystals in Au- and Ag-based plasmonic media. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:1955-1960. [PMID: 23459464 DOI: 10.1021/am3027234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the magneto-optical response of chemically synthesized iron oxide magnetic nanocrystals, optically coupled with ordered planar arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles. We compare the signals from two classes of systems, featuring either Au or Ag as the plasmonic counterpart. The localized surface plasmon resonance of the Ag and Au nanoparticles arrays were superimposed or detuned, respectively, with respect to the dominant magneto-optical transitions of the magnetic material. Under resonance, a significant enhancement of the magneto-optical signal was observed. In both cases, we could separate the purely plasmonic and the magnetic contributions in the magneto-optical spectrum of the optically coupled composite based on their different magnetic-field dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caminale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
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Goldoni A, Pignedoli CA, Di Santo G, Castellarin-Cudia C, Magnano E, Bondino F, Verdini A, Passerone D. Room temperature metalation of 2H-TPP monolayer on iron and nickel surfaces by picking up substrate metal atoms. ACS Nano 2012; 6:10800-10807. [PMID: 23148688 DOI: 10.1021/nn304134q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, it is demonstrated, using high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, that 2H-tetraphenyl porphyrins metalate at room temperature by incorporating a surface metal atom when a (sub)monolayer is deposited on 3d magnetic substrates, such as Fe(110) and Ni(111). The calculations demonstrate that the redox metalation reaction would be exothermic when occurring on a Ni(111) substrate with an energy gain of 0.89 eV upon embedding a Ni adatom in the macrocycle. This is a novel way to form, via chemical modification and supramolecular engineering, 3d-metal-organic networks on magnetic substrates with an intimate bond between the macrocycle molecular metal ion and the substrate atoms. The achievement of a complete metalation by Fe and Ni can be regarded as a test case for successful preparation of spintronic devices by means of molecular-based magnets and inorganic magnetic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Goldoni
- ST-INSTM Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. s.s.14 km. 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Carleschi E, Magnano E, Melli M, Lazzarino M. Cycloaddition Functionalization of Cleaved Microstructures. Chemphyschem 2011; 13:459-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Di Santo G, Blankenburg S, Castellarin-Cudia C, Fanetti M, Borghetti P, Sangaletti L, Floreano L, Verdini A, Magnano E, Bondino F, Pignedoli CA, Nguyen MT, Gaspari R, Passerone D, Goldoni A. Supramolecular engineering through temperature-induced chemical modification of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrin on Ag(111): flat phenyl conformation and possible dehydrogenation reactions. Chemistry 2011. [PMID: 22113855 DOI: 10.1021/jp111151n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Scratching the surface: Formation of a monolayer of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrins (2H-TPP) on Ag(111), either by sublimation of a multilayer in the range 525-600 K or by annealing (at the same temperature) a monolayer deposited at room temperature, induces a chemical modification of the molecules. Rotation of the phenyl rings into a flat conformation is observed and tentatively explained, by using DFT calculations, as a peculiar reaction due to molecular dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Santo
- INSTM-Micro & Nano-Carbon Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. s.s.14 km. 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Stebel L, Malvestuto M, Capogrosso V, Sigalotti P, Ressel B, Bondino F, Magnano E, Cautero G, Parmigiani F. Time-resolved soft x-ray absorption setup using multi-bunch operation modes at synchrotrons. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:123109. [PMID: 22225201 DOI: 10.1063/1.3669787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on a novel experimental apparatus for performing time-resolved soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the sub-ns time scale using non-hybrid multi-bunch mode synchrotron radiation. The present setup is based on a variable repetition rate Ti:sapphire laser (pump pulse) synchronized with the ~500 MHz x-ray synchrotron radiation bunches and on a detection system that discriminates and singles out the significant x-ray photon pulses by means of a custom made photon counting unit. The whole setup has been validated by measuring the time evolution of the L(3) absorption edge during the melting and the solidification of a Ge single crystal irradiated by an intense ultrafast laser pulse. These results pave the way for performing synchrotron time-resolved experiments in the sub-ns time domain with variable repetition rate exploiting the full flux of the synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stebel
- Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza (Ts), Italy
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