1
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Lim M, Ma Z, O'Connell G, Yuwono JA, Kumar P, Jalili R, Amal R, Daiyan R, Lovell EC. Ru-Induced Defect Engineering in Co 3O 4 Lattice for High Performance Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonium. Small 2024:e2401333. [PMID: 38602227 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Amidst these growing sustainability concerns, producing NH4 + via electrochemical NO3 - reduction reaction (NO3RR) emerges as a promising alternative to the conventional Haber-Bosch process. In a pioneering approach, this study introduces Ru incorporation into Co3O4 lattices at the nanoscale and further couples it with electroreduction conditioning (ERC) treatment as a strategy to enhance metal oxide reducibility and induce oxygen vacancies, advancing NH4 + production from NO3RR. Here, supported by a suite of ex situ and in situ characterization measurements, the findings reveal that Ru enrichment promotes Co species reduction and oxygen vacancy formation. Further, as evidenced by the theoretical calculations, Ru integration lowers the energy barrier for oxygen vacancy formation, thereby facilitating a more energy-efficient NO3RR-to-NH4 + pathway. Optimal catalytic activity is realized with a Ru loading of 10 at.% (named 10Ru/Co3O4), achieving a high NH4 + production rate (98 nmol s-1 cm-2), selectivity (97.5%) and current density (≈100 mA cm-2) at -1.0 V vs RHE. The findings not only provide insights into defect engineering via the incorporation of secondary sites but also lay the groundwork for innovative catalyst design aimed at improving NH4 + yield from NO3RR. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop sustainable electrochemical processes for nitrogen cycle management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Lim
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratories and School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhipeng Ma
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratories and School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - George O'Connell
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratories and School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jodie A Yuwono
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratories and School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Priyank Kumar
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratories and School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rouhollah Jalili
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratories and School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratories and School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratories and School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Emma C Lovell
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratories and School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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2
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Nguyen TKA, Trần-Phú T, Ta XMC, Truong TN, Leverett J, Daiyan R, Amal R, Tricoli A. Understanding Structure-Activity Relationship in Pt-loaded g-C 3 N 4 for Efficient Solar- Photoreforming of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic and Hydrogen Production. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300427. [PMID: 37712209 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Coupling the hydrogen evolution reaction with plastic waste photoreforming provides a synergistic path for simultaneous production of green hydrogen and recycling of post-consumer products, two major enablers for establishment of a circular economy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is a promising photocatalyst due to its suitable optoelectronic and physicochemical properties, and inexpensive fabrication. Herein, a mechanistic investigation of the structure-activity relationship of g-C3 N4 for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) photoreforming is reported by carefully controlling its fabrication from a subset of earth-abundant precursors, such as dicyandiamide, melamine, urea, and thiourea. These findings reveal that melamine-derived g-C3 N4 with 3 wt.% Pt has significantly higher performance than alternative derivations, achieving a maximum hydrogen evolution rate of 7.33 mmolH2 gcat -1 h-1 , and simultaneously photoconverting PET into valuable organic products including formate, glyoxal, and acetate, with excellent stability for over 30 h of continuous production. This is attributed to the higher crystallinity and associated chemical resistance of melamine-derived g-C3 N4 , playing a major role in stabilization of its morphology and surface properties. These new insights on the role of precursors and structural properties in dictating the photoactivity of g-C3 N4 set the foundation for the further development of photocatalytic processes for combined green hydrogen production and plastic waste reforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thành Trần-Phú
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xuan Minh Chau Ta
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thien N Truong
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Josh Leverett
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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3
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Gilmore N, Koskinen I, Burr P, Obbard E, Sproul A, Konstantinou G, Bilbao J, Daiyan R, Kay M, Corkish R, Macgill I, Lovell E, Menictas C, Bruce A. Identifying weak signals to prepare for uncertainty in the energy sector. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21295. [PMID: 37920500 PMCID: PMC10618798 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to prepare the energy sector for uncertainty using a foresight tool known as weak signals. Weak signals (subtle signs of emerging issues with significant impact potential) are often overlooked during strategic planning due to their inherent predictive uncertainty. However, the value does not lie in precise forecasting but in broadening the consideration of future possibilities. By proactively monitoring and addressing these otherwise neglected developments, stakeholders can gain early awareness of threats and opportunities and enhance their resilience, adaptability, and innovation. A panel of technology experts identified eight weak signals in this study: 1) growing mistrust and local grid security measures, 2) consumer reactions to overly prescriptive policies, 3) long-term forecasting errors for thin-margin projects, 4) emergence of variable power industries, and 5) establishment of intercontinental transmission precedence; including three potential 'wild cards' requiring proactive mitigation: 6) escalating electrical generation dependence on continued imports, 7) a new threat surpassing climate change, and 8) mass deployment of low-emissions technology triggering a runaway loss of social license. Political factors were the predominant source of uncertainty, as decisions can suddenly transform the energy landscape. Economic, technological, and social factors followed closely behind, generally through the emergence of new industries and behavioural responses. While environmental and legal factors were less frequent, stakeholders should still adopt a holistic approach, as the signals were found to be highly interconnected. Organisations should also assess their local context when applying these findings and continuously update and respond to their own list of weak signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Gilmore
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Ilpo Koskinen
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Patrick Burr
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Edward Obbard
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Alistair Sproul
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Georgios Konstantinou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jose Bilbao
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Merlinde Kay
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Corkish
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Iain Macgill
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Emma Lovell
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Chris Menictas
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Bruce
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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4
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Ta XMC, Trần-Phú T, Yuwono JA, Nguyen TKA, Bui AD, Truong TN, Chang LC, Magnano E, Daiyan R, Simonov AN, Tricoli A. Optimal Coatings of Co 3 O 4 Anodes for Acidic Water Electrooxidation. Small 2023:e2304650. [PMID: 37863809 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers for large-scale sustainable hydrogen production requires the replacement of scarce noble-metal anode electrocatalysts with low-cost alternatives. However, such earth-abundant materials often exhibit inadequate stability and/or catalytic activity at low pH, especially at high rates of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, the authors explore the influence of a dielectric nanoscale-thin oxide layer, namely Al2 O3 , SiO2 , TiO2 , SnO2 , and HfO2 , prepared by atomic layer deposition, on the stability and catalytic activity of low-cost and active but insufficiently stable Co3 O4 anodes. It is demonstrated that the ALD layers improve both the stability and activity of Co3 O4 following the order of HfO2 > SnO2 > TiO2 > Al2 O3 , SiO2 . An optimal HfO2 layer thickness of 12 nm enhances the Co3 O4 anode durability by more than threefold, achieving over 42 h of continuous electrolysis at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 m H2 SO4 electrolyte. Density functional theory is used to investigate the superior performance of HfO2 , revealing a major role of the HfO2 |Co3 O4 interlayer forces in the stabilization mechanism. These insights offer a potential strategy to engineer earth-abundant materials for low-pH OER catalysts with improved performance from earth-abundant materials for efficient hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Minh Chau Ta
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thành Trần-Phú
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jodie A Yuwono
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anh Dinh Bui
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Thien N Truong
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Li-Chun Chang
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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5
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Zhang Q, Chen Y, Pan J, Daiyan R, Lovell EC, Yun J, Amal R, Lu X. Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide through Selective Oxygen Reduction: A Carbon Innovation from Active Site Engineering to Device Design. Small 2023; 19:e2302338. [PMID: 37267930 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) through the selective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a promising alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone method, while its success relies largely on the development of efficient electrocatalyst. Currently, carbon-based materials (CMs) are the most widely studied electrocatalysts for electrosynthesis of H2 O2 via ORR due to their low cost, earth abundance, and tunable catalytic properties. To achieve a high 2e- ORR selectivity, great progress is made in promoting the performance of carbon-based electrocatalysts and unveiling their underlying catalytic mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive review in the field is presented by summarizing the recent advances in CMs for H2 O2 production, focusing on the design, fabrication, and mechanism investigations over the catalytic active moieties, where an enhancement effect of defect engineering or heteroatom doping on H2 O2 selectivity is discussed thoroughly. Particularly, the influence of functional groups on CMs for a 2e- -pathway is highlighted. Further, for commercial perspectives, the significance of reactor design for decentralized H2 O2 production is emphasized, bridging the gap between intrinsic catalytic properties and apparent productivity in electrochemical devices. Finally, major challenges and opportunities for the practical electrosynthesis of H2 O2 and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingran Zhang
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Emma C Lovell
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jimmy Yun
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, P. R. China
- Qingdao International Academician Park Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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6
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Ji D, Lee Y, Nishina Y, Kamiya K, Daiyan R, Chu D, Wen X, Yoshimura M, Kumar P, Andreeva DV, Novoselov KS, Lee GH, Joshi R, Foller T. Angstrom-Confined Electrochemical Synthesis of Sub-Unit-Cell Non-Van Der Waals 2D Metal Oxides. Adv Mater 2023:e2301506. [PMID: 37116867 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up electrochemical synthesis of atomically thin materials is desirable yet challenging, especially for non-vanderWaals (non-vdW) materials. Thicknesses below a few nanometers have not been reported yet, posing the question how thin can non-vdW materials be electrochemically synthesized. This is important as materials with (sub-)unit-cell thickness often show remarkably different properties compared to their bulk form or thin films of several nanometers thickness. Here, a straightforward electrochemical method utilizing the angstrom-confinement of laminar reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanochannels is introduced to obtain a centimeter-scale network of atomically thin (<4.3 Å) 2D-transition metal oxides (2D-TMO). The angstrom-confinement provides a thickness limitation, forcing sub-unit-cell growth of 2D-TMO with oxygen and metal vacancies. It is showcased that Cr2 O3 , a material without significant catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in bulk form, can be activated as a high-performing catalyst if synthesized in the 2D sub-unit-cell form. This method displays the high activity of sub-unit-cell form while retaining the stability of bulk form, promising to yield unexplored fundamental science and applications. It is shown that while retaining the advantages of bottom-up electrochemical synthesis, like simplicity, high yield, and mild conditions, the thickness of TMO can be limited to sub-unit-cell dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yunah Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Kamiya
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xinyue Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Masamichi Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan
| | - Priyank Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Daria V Andreeva
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Rakesh Joshi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tobias Foller
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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7
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Tran-Phu T, Chatti M, Leverett J, Nguyen TKA, Simondson D, Hoogeveen DA, Kiy A, Duong T, Johannessen B, Meilak J, Kluth P, Amal R, Simonov AN, Hocking RK, Daiyan R, Tricoli A. Understanding the Role of (W, Mo, Sb) Dopants in the Catalyst Evolution and Activity Enhancement of Co 3 O 4 during Water Electrolysis via In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Techniques. Small 2023:e2208074. [PMID: 36932896 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Unlocking the potential of the hydrogen economy is dependent on achieving green hydrogen (H2 ) production at competitive costs. Engineering highly active and durable catalysts for both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) from earth-abundant elements is key to decreasing costs of electrolysis, a carbon-free route for H2 production. Here, a scalable strategy to prepare doped cobalt oxide (Co3 O4 ) electrocatalysts with ultralow loading, disclosing the role of tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), and antimony (Sb) dopants in enhancing OER/HER activity in alkaline conditions, is reported. In situ Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, and electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the dopants do not alter the reaction mechanisms but increase the bulk conductivity and density of redox active sites. As a result, the W-doped Co3 O4 electrode requires ≈390 and ≈560 mV overpotentials to reach ±10 and ±100 mA cm-2 for OER and HER, respectively, over long-term electrolysis. Furthermore, optimal Mo-doping leads to the highest OER and HER activities of 8524 and 634 A g-1 at overpotentials of 0.67 and 0.45 V, respectively. These novel insights provide directions for the effective engineering of Co3 O4 as a low-cost material for green hydrogen electrocatalysis at large scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tran-Phu
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Manjunath Chatti
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Monash, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Joshua Leverett
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Darcy Simondson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Monash, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Dijon A Hoogeveen
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Monash, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Alexander Kiy
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - The Duong
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Jaydon Meilak
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3166, Australia
| | - Patrick Kluth
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexandr N Simonov
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Monash, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Rosalie K Hocking
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3166, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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8
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Bui TS, Lovell EC, Daiyan R, Amal R. Defective Metal Oxides: Lessons from CO 2 RR and Applications in NO x RR. Adv Mater 2023:e2205814. [PMID: 36813733 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sluggish reaction kinetics and the undesired side reactions (hydrogen evolution reaction and self-reduction) are the main bottlenecks of electrochemical conversion reactions, such as the carbon dioxide and nitrate reduction reactions (CO2 RR and NO3 RR). To date, conventional strategies to overcome these challenges involve electronic structure modification and modulation of the charge-transfer behavior. Nonetheless, key aspects of surface modification, focused on boosting the intrinsic activity of active sites on the catalyst surface, are yet to be fully understood. Engingeering of oxygen vacancies (OVs) can tune surface/bulk electronic structure and improve surface active sites of electrocatalysts. The continuous breakthroughs and significant progress in the last decade position engineering of OVs as a potential technique for advancing electrocatalysis. Motivated by this, the state-of-the-art findings of the roles of OVs in both the CO2 RR and the NO3 RR are presented. The review starts with a description of approaches to constructing and techniques for characterizing OVs. This is followed by an overview of the mechanistic understanding of the CO2 RR and a detailed discussion on the roles of OVs in the CO2 RR. Then, insights into the NO3 RR mechanism and the potential of OVs on NO3 RR based on early findings are highlighted. Finally, the challenges in designing CO2 RR/NO3 RR electrocatalysts and perspectives in studying OV engineering are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Son Bui
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Emma C Lovell
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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9
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Leverett J, Haider Ali Khan M, Tran-Phu T, Tricoli A, Hocking R, Sung Yan J, Dai L, Daiyan R, Amal R. Renewable Power for Electrocatalytic Generation of Syngas: Tuning the Syngas Ratio by Manipulating the Active Sites and System Design. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Leverett
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering Level 3 Tyree Energy Building Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Muhammad Haider Ali Khan
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering Level 3 Tyree Energy Building Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Thanh Tran-Phu
- ANU: Australian National University Chemical Engineering Research School of Chemistry Canberra AUSTRALIA
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- ANU: Australian National University Engineering Chemistry Building Canberra AUSTRALIA
| | - Rosalie Hocking
- Swinburne University of Technology Chemistry Chemistry Building Melbourne AUSTRALIA
| | - Jimmy Sung Yan
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering Level 3 Tyree Energy Building Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Liming Dai
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering SEB, UNSW Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering Level 3, Tyree Energy Technology BuildingKensington, The University of New South Wales 2052 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Rose Amal
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering Level 3 Tyree Energy Building Sydney AUSTRALIA
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10
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Tian Z, Zhang Q, Thomsen L, Gao N, Pan J, Daiyan R, Yun J, Brandt J, López‐Salas N, Lai F, Li Q, Liu T, Amal R, Lu X, Antonietti M. Constructing Interfacial Boron‐Nitrogen Moieties in Turbostratic Carbon for Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206915. [PMID: 35894267 PMCID: PMC9542833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) provides a green route for decentralized H2O2 synthesis, where a structure–selectivity relationship is pivotal for the control of a highly selective and active two‐electron pathway. Here, we report the fabrication of a boron and nitrogen co‐doped turbostratic carbon catalyst with tunable B−N−C configurations (CNB‐ZIL) by the assistance of a zwitterionic liquid (ZIL) for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production. Combined spectroscopic analysis reveals a fine tailored B−N moiety in CNB‐ZIL, where interfacial B−N species in a homogeneous distribution tend to segregate into hexagonal boron nitride domains at higher pyrolysis temperatures. Based on the experimental observations, a correlation between the interfacial B−N moieties and HO2− selectivity is established. The CNB‐ZIL electrocatalysts with optimal interfacial B−N moieties exhibit a high HO2− selectivity with small overpotentials in alkaline media, giving a HO2− yield of ≈1787 mmol gcatalyst−1 h−1 at −1.4 V in a flow‐cell reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Tian
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Qingran Zhang
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 800 Blackburn Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Nana Gao
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Jian Pan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Jimmy Yun
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Jessica Brandt
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Nieves López‐Salas
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Feili Lai
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Qiuye Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
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11
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Tian Z, Zhang Q, Thomsen L, Gao N, Pan J, Daiyan R, Yun J, Brandt J, López-Salas N, Lai F, Li Q, Liu T, Amal R, Lu X, Antonietti M. Constructing Interfacial Boron‐nitrogen Moieties in Turbostratic Carbon for Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Tian
- Henan University Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials 475001 CHINA
| | - Qingran Zhang
- University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Australian Synchrotron AUSTRALIA
| | - Nana Gao
- Henan University Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials CHINA
| | - Jian Pan
- University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Jimmy Yun
- University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Jessica Brandt
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Nieves López-Salas
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Feili Lai
- KU Leuven University: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Chemistry BELGIUM
| | - Qiuye Li
- Henan University Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials CHINA
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Jiangnan University School of Chemical and Material Engineering CHINA
| | - Rose Amal
- University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Xunyu Lu
- University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Kolloidchemie, Department of Kolloidchemie Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm GERMANY
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12
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Tran-Phu T, Chen H, Daiyan R, Chatti M, Liu B, Amal R, Liu Y, Macfarlane DR, Simonov AN, Tricoli A. Nanoscale TiO 2 Coatings Improve the Stability of an Earth-Abundant Cobalt Oxide Catalyst during Acidic Water Oxidation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:33130-33140. [PMID: 35838141 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale deployment of proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers for high-throughput sustainable hydrogen production requires transition from precious noble metal anode electrocatalysts to low-cost earth-abundant materials. However, such materials are commonly insufficiently stable and/or catalytically inactive at low pH, and positive potentials required to maintain high rates of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). To address this, we explore the effects of a dielectric nanoscale-thin layer, constituted of amorphous TiO2, on the stability and electrocatalytic activity of nanostructured OER anodes based on low-cost Co3O4. We demonstrate a direct correlation between the OER performance and the thickness of the atomic layer deposited TiO2 layers. An optimal TiO2 layer thickness of 4.4 nm enhances the anode lifetime by a factor of ca. 3, achieving 80 h of continuous electrolysis at pH near zero, while preserving high OER catalytic activity of the bare Co3O4 surface. Thinner and thicker TiO2 layers decrease the stability and activity, respectively. This is attributed to the pitting of the TiO2 layer at the optimal thickness, which allows for access to the catalytically active Co3O4 surface while stabilizing it against corrosion. These insights provide directions for the engineering of active and stable composite earth-abundant materials for acidic water splitting for high-throughput hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tran-Phu
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hongjun Chen
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) and School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Manjunath Chatti
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Borui Liu
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yun Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | | | | | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Science, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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13
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Kim S, Singh G, Sathish CI, Panigrahi P, Daiyan R, Lu X, Sugi Y, Kim IY, Vinu A. Tailoring the Pore Size, Basicity, and Binding Energy of Mesoporous C 3 N 5 for CO 2 Capture and Conversion. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3999-4005. [PMID: 34653318 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the CO2 adsorption and electrochemical conversion behavior of triazole-based C3 N5 nanorods as a single matrix for consecutive CO2 capture and conversion. The pore size, basicity, and binding energy were tailored to identify critical factors for consecutive CO2 capture and conversion over carbon nitrides. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) analysis of CO2 demonstrates that triazole-based C3 N5 shows higher basicity and stronger CO2 binding energy than g-C3 N4 . Triazole-based C3 N5 nanorods with 6.1 nm mesopore channels exhibit better CO2 adsorption than nanorods with 3.5 and 5.4 nm mesopore channels. C3 N5 nanorods with wider mesopore channels are effective in increasing the current density as an electrocatalyst during the CO2 reduction reaction. Triazole-based C3 N5 nanorods with tailored pore sizes exhibit CO2 adsorption abilities of 5.6-9.1 mmol/g at 0 °C and 30 bar. Their Faraday efficiencies for reducing CO2 to CO are 14-38% at a potential of -0.8 V vs. RHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Kim
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN) College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,GIST Central Research Facilities, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN) College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - C I Sathish
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN) College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Puspamitra Panigrahi
- Centre for Clean Energy and Nano Convergence, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, 603103, India
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yoshihiro Sugi
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN) College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - In Young Kim
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN) College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Department of Chemistry College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN) College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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14
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Zhang Q, Zhe Ru ZL, Daiyan R, Kumar P, Pan J, Lu X, Amal R. Surface Reconstruction Enabled Efficient Hydrogen Generation on a Cobalt-Iron Phosphate Electrocatalyst in Neutral Water. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:53798-53809. [PMID: 34730334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that can be performed efficiently in neutral conditions enables the direct splitting of seawater. However, the sluggish water dissociation kinetics in neutral media severely limits the practical deployment of this technology. Herein, we present a simple strategy to rationally design oxophilic and nucleophilic moieties through the in situ reconstruction of a free-standing bimetallic cobalt-iron phosphate electrode. Through an electrochemical reduction step, the electrode surface undergoes self-reconstruction to generate a thin (oxy)hydroxide layer, enabling a significantly improved HER activity in both buffered electrolyte and natural seawater. Our mechanistic investigations reveal the essential role of oxophilic (oxy)hydroxide species in improving the HER activity of nucleophilic bimetallic phosphate sites. In a buffer electrolyte (pH = 7), the resultant electrocatalyst only requires overpotentials of 97 and 198 mV to deliver a current density of 10 and 100 mA cm-2, respectively, which outperforms that of the Pt benchmark. The in situ reconstruction strategy of active sites within such electrodes brings significant opportunity in developing active electrocatalysts that are capable of direct seawater splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingran Zhang
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zachary Lau Zhe Ru
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Priyank Kumar
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jian Pan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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15
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Leverett J, Daiyan R, Gong L, Iputera K, Tong Z, Qu J, Ma Z, Zhang Q, Cheong S, Cairney J, Liu RS, Lu X, Xia Z, Dai L, Amal R. Designing Undercoordinated Ni-N x and Fe-N x on Holey Graphene for Electrochemical CO 2 Conversion to Syngas. ACS Nano 2021; 15:12006-12018. [PMID: 34192868 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a top-down approach for the controlled preparation of undercoordinated Ni-Nx (Ni-hG) and Fe-Nx (Fe-hG) catalysts within a holey graphene framework, for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to synthesis gas (syngas). Through the heat treatment of commercial-grade nitrogen-doped graphene, we prepared a defective holey graphene, which was then used as a platform to incorporate undercoordinated single atoms via carbon defect restoration, confirmed by a range of characterization techniques. We reveal that these Ni-hG and Fe-hG catalysts can be combined in any proportion to produce a desired syngas ratio (1-10) across a wide potential range (-0.6 to -1.1 V vs RHE), required commercially for the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis of liquid fuels and chemicals. These findings are in agreement with our density functional theory calculations, which reveal that CO selectivity increases with a reduction in N coordination with Ni, while unsaturated Fe-Nx sites favor the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The potential of these catalysts for scale up is further demonstrated by the unchanged selectivity at elevated temperature and stability in a high-throughput gas diffusion electrolyzer, displaying a high-mass-normalized activity of 275 mA mg-1 at a cell voltage of 2.5 V. Our results provide valuable insights into the implementation of a simple top-down approach for fabricating active undercoordinated single atom catalysts for decarbonized syngas generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Leverett
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lele Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Kevin Iputera
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Zizheng Tong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jiangtao Qu
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zhipeng Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Qingran Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Electron Microscope Unit, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Julie Cairney
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Xunyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zhenhai Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Liming Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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16
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Ali Khan MH, Daiyan R, Han Z, Hablutzel M, Haque N, Amal R, MacGill I. Designing optimal integrated electricity supply configurations for renewable hydrogen generation in Australia. iScience 2021; 24:102539. [PMID: 34142047 PMCID: PMC8184509 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The high variability and intermittency of wind and solar farms raise questions of how to operate electrolyzers reliably, economically, and sustainably using predominantly or exclusively variable renewables. To address these questions, we develop a comprehensive cost framework that extends to include factors such as performance degradation, efficiency, financing rates, and indirect costs to assess the economics of 10 MW scale alkaline and proton-exchange membrane electrolyzers to generate hydrogen. Our scenario analysis explores a range of operational configurations, considering (i) current and projected wholesale electricity market data from the Australian National Electricity Market, (ii) existing solar/wind farm generation curves, and (iii) electrolyzer capital costs/performance to determine costs of H2 production in the near (2020-2040) and long term (2030-2050). Furthermore, we analyze dedicated off-grid integrated electrolyzer plants as an alternate operating scenario, suggesting oversizing renewable nameplate capacity with respect to the electrolyzer to enhance operational capacity factors and achieving more economical electrolyzer operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haider Ali Khan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zhaojun Han
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Nawshad Haque
- CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Iain MacGill
- Collaboration on Energy and Environmental Markets, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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17
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Saputera WH, Amri AF, Daiyan R, Sasongko D. Photocatalytic Technology for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Wastewater Treatment: Current Progress and Future Perspective. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14112846. [PMID: 34073400 PMCID: PMC8198294 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The palm oil industry produces liquid waste called POME (palm oil mill effluent). POME is stated as one of the wastes that are difficult to handle because of its large production and ineffective treatment. It will disturb the ecosystem with a high organic matter content if the waste is disposed directly into the environment. The authorities have established policies and regulations in the POME waste quality standard before being discharged into the environment. However, at this time, there are still many factories in Indonesia that have not been able to meet the standard of POME waste disposal with the existing treatment technology. Currently, the POME treatment system is still using a conventional system known as an open pond system. Although this process can reduce pollutants’ concentration, it will produce much sludge, requiring a large pond area and a long processing time. To overcome the inability of the conventional system to process POME is believed to be a challenge. Extensive effort is being invested in developing alternative technologies for the POME waste treatment to reduce POME waste safely. Several technologies have been studied, such as anaerobic processes, membrane technology, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane technology, adsorption, steam reforming, and coagulation. Among other things, an AOP, namely photocatalytic technology, has the potential to treat POME waste. This paper provides information on the feasibility of photocatalytic technology for treating POME waste. Although there are some challenges in this technology’s large-scale application, this paper proposes several strategies and directions to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibawa Hendra Saputera
- Research Group on Energy and Chemical Engineering Processing System, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (A.F.A.); (D.S.)
- Center for Catalysis and Reaction Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for New and Renewable Energy (PPEBT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-82117686235
| | - Aryan Fathoni Amri
- Research Group on Energy and Chemical Engineering Processing System, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (A.F.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Dwiwahju Sasongko
- Research Group on Energy and Chemical Engineering Processing System, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (A.F.A.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for New and Renewable Energy (PPEBT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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18
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Allioux FM, Merhebi S, Ghasemian MB, Tang J, Merenda A, Abbasi R, Mayyas M, Daeneke T, O'Mullane AP, Daiyan R, Amal R, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Bi-Sn Catalytic Foam Governed by Nanometallurgy of Liquid Metals. Nano Lett 2020; 20:4403-4409. [PMID: 32369376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallic foams, with intrinsic catalytic properties, are critical for heterogeneous catalysis reactions and reactor designs. Market ready catalytic foams are costly and made of multimaterial coatings with large sub-millimeter open cells providing insufficient active surface area. Here we use the principle of nanometallurgy within liquid metals to prepare nanostructured catalytic metal foams using a low-cost alloy of bismuth and tin with sub-micrometer open cells. The eutectic bismuth and tin liquid metal alloy was processed into nanoparticles and blown into a tin and bismuth nanophase separated heterostructure in aqueous media at room temperature and using an indium brazing agent. The CO2 electroconversion efficiency of the catalytic foam is presented with an impressive 82% conversion efficiency toward formates at high current density of -25 mA cm-2 (-1.2 V vs RHE). Nanometallurgical process applied to liquid metals will lead to exciting possibilities for expanding industrial and research accessibility of catalytic foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Salma Merhebi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Andrea Merenda
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Victoria Australia
| | - Roozbeh Abbasi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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19
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Daiyan R, Chen R, Kumar P, Bedford NM, Qu J, Cairney JM, Lu X, Amal R. Tunable Syngas Production through CO 2 Electroreduction on Cobalt-Carbon Composite Electrocatalyst. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:9307-9315. [PMID: 32023413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controllable concomitant production of CO and H2 (syngas) during electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) is expected to improve the commercial feasibility of the technology to mitigate CO2 emissions as the generated syngas can be converted into useful chemicals using the commercial Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of a Co single-atom-decorated N-doped graphitic carbon shell-encapsulated cobalt nanoparticle electrocatalyst (referred as Co@CoNC-900) to controllably produce syngas at low overpotentials during CO2RR. Through the engineering and modulation of dual active sites for CO2RR (modified carbon shell with encapsulated Co) and hydrogen evolution reaction (Co-N4 moieties) within Co@CoNC by varying the annealing temperature, we are able to tune the H2: CO ratio from 1: 2 to 1: 1 to 3: 2 over a wide range of applied potentials (-0.5 V to -0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE). This versatile control of H2: CO ratio in CO2RR reaction brings up significant opportunity of using CO2 and H2O and renewable energy for producing a range of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Rui Chen
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Priyank Kumar
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Nicholas M Bedford
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Jiangtao Qu
- Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Julie M Cairney
- Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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Tang J, Daiyan R, Ghasemian MB, Idrus-Saidi SA, Zavabeti A, Daeneke T, Yang J, Koshy P, Cheong S, Tilley RD, Kaner RB, Amal R, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Advantages of eutectic alloys for creating catalysts in the realm of nanotechnology-enabled metallurgy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4645. [PMID: 31604939 PMCID: PMC6789138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nascent field of nanotechnology-enabled metallurgy has great potential. However, the role of eutectic alloys and the nature of alloy solidification in this field are still largely unknown. To demonstrate one of the promises of liquid metals in the field, we explore a model system of catalytically active Bi-Sn nano-alloys produced using a liquid-phase ultrasonication technique and investigate their phase separation, surface oxidation, and nucleation. The Bi-Sn ratio determines the grain boundary properties and the emergence of dislocations within the nano-alloys. The eutectic system gives rise to the smallest grain dimensions among all Bi-Sn ratios along with more pronounced dislocation formation within the nano-alloys. Using electrochemical CO2 reduction and photocatalysis, we demonstrate that the structural peculiarity of the eutectic nano-alloys offers the highest catalytic activity in comparison with their non-eutectic counterparts. The fundamentals of nano-alloy formation revealed here may establish the groundwork for creating bimetallic and multimetallic nano-alloys. The combination of metallurgy concepts and nanotechnology with liquid metal processing has been largely unexplored. Here the authors use liquid-phase ultrasonication to produce a model system of catalytically active nano-alloys, demonstrating electrocatalysis and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhada A Idrus-Saidi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.,College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Jiangjun Ave, 211100, Nanjing, China
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Jiong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Daiyan R, Lovell EC, Bedford NM, Saputera WH, Wu K, Lim S, Horlyck J, Ng YH, Lu X, Amal R. Modulating Activity through Defect Engineering of Tin Oxides for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1900678. [PMID: 31559127 PMCID: PMC6755522 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale application of electrochemical reduction of CO2, as a viable strategy to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change, is hindered by the lack of active and cost-effective electrocatalysts that can be generated in bulk. To this end, SnO2 nanoparticles that are prepared using the industrially adopted flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) technique as active catalysts are reported for the conversion of CO2 to formate (HCOO-), exhibiting a FEHCOO - of 85% with a current density of -23.7 mA cm-2 at an applied potential of -1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Through tuning of the flame synthesis conditions, the amount of oxygen hole center (OHC; Sn≡O●) is synthetically manipulated, which plays a vital role in CO2 activation and thereby governing the high activity displayed by the FSP-SnO2 catalysts for formate production. The controlled generation of defects through a simple, scalable fabrication technique presents an ideal approach for rationally designing active CO2 reduction reactions catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research LaboratorySchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Emma Catherine Lovell
- Particles and Catalysis Research LaboratorySchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Nicholas M. Bedford
- Particles and Catalysis Research LaboratorySchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Wibawa Hendra Saputera
- Particles and Catalysis Research LaboratorySchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitut Teknologi BandungBandung40132Indonesia
| | - Kuang‐Hsu Wu
- Particles and Catalysis Research LaboratorySchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Sean Lim
- Electron Microscope UnitThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jonathan Horlyck
- Particles and Catalysis Research LaboratorySchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research LaboratorySchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research LaboratorySchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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Horlyck J, Nashira A, Lovell E, Daiyan R, Bedford N, Wei Y, Amal R, Scott J. Plasma Treating Mixed Metal Oxides to Improve Oxidative Performance via Defect Generation. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12172756. [PMID: 31462008 PMCID: PMC6747793 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The generation of structural defects in metal oxide catalysts offers a potential pathway to improve performance. Herein, we investigated the effect of thermal hydrogenation and low-temperature plasma treatments on mixed SiO2/TiO2 materials. Hydrogenation at 500 °C resulted in the reduction of the material to produce Ti3+ in the bulk TiO2. In contrast, low temperature plasma treatment for 10 or 20 min generated surface Ti3+ species via the removal of oxygen on both the neat and hydrogenated material. Assessing the photocatalytic activity of the materials demonstrated a 40–130% increase in the rate of formic acid oxidation after plasma treatment. A strong relationship between the Ti3+ content and catalyst activity was established, although a change in the Si–Ti interaction after plasma treating of the neat SiO2/TiO2 material was found to limit performance, and suggests that performance is not determined solely by the presence of Ti3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Horlyck
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alimatun Nashira
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Emma Lovell
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas Bedford
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuexing Wei
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jason Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Daiyan R, Lu X, Ng YH, Amal R. Liquid Hydrocarbon Production from CO 2 : Recent Development in Metal-Based Electrocatalysis. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:4342-4358. [PMID: 29068154 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rising levels of CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere have attracted considerable interest in technologies capable of CO2 capture, storage and conversion. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into high-value liquid organic products could be of vital importance to mitigate this issue. The conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels by using photovoltaic cells, which can readily be integrated in the current infrastructure, will help realize the creation of a sustainable cycle of carbon-based fuel that will promote zero net CO2 emissions. Despite promising findings, significant challenges still persist that must be circumvented to make the technology profitable for large-scale utilization. With such possibilities, this Minireview presents the current high-performing catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to liquid hydrocarbons, address the limitations and unify the current understanding of the different reaction mechanisms. The Minireview also explores current research directions to improve process efficiencies and production rate and discusses the scope of using photo-assisted electrochemical reduction systems to find stable, highly efficient catalysts that can harvest solar energy directly to convert CO2 into liquid hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group; School of Chemical Engineering; The University of New South Wales; Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group; School of Chemical Engineering; The University of New South Wales; Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group; School of Chemical Engineering; The University of New South Wales; Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group; School of Chemical Engineering; The University of New South Wales; Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Abstract
Commercially available Sn foil was anodized in organic solvents to fabricate stable and cost-effective electrode that is demonstrated to convert CO2to formate with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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