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Schären M, Snedec T, Riefke B, Slopianka M, Keck M, Gruendemann S, Wichard J, Brunner N, Klein S, Theinert KB, Pietsch F, Leonhardt A, Theile S, Rachidi F, Kaiser A, Köller G, Bannert E, Spilke J, Starke A. Aspects of transition cow metabolomics-Part I: Effects of a metaphylactic butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin treatment on the metabolome in liver, blood, and urine in cows with different liver metabotypes. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9205-9226. [PMID: 34024600 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows in modern production systems are at risk to develop metabolic disorders during the transition period. Reasons for individual differences in susceptibility, as well as the underlying pathomechanisms, are still only partially understood. The development of metaphylactic treatment protocols is needed. In this context, an on-farm prospective 3-fold blinded randomized study involving 80 German Holstein cows was performed throughout 1 yr. The trial involved a thorough recording of the production and clinical traits, clinical chemistry, and liver biopsies and blood and urine sampling at d 14 (mean: 12 d, range: 1-26 d) antepartum (AP), and d 7 (7, 4-13) and 28 (28, 23-34) postpartum (PP) for metabolomics analyses. Two groups received a treatment with butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin (BCC) at either the dosage recommended by the manufacturer or the double dosage (5 or 10 mL/100 kg of body weight 10% butaphosphan and 0.005% cyanocobalamin (Catosal, Bayer Animal Health), n = 20 in each group, parity: 4.2 ± 2.0 and 3.4 ± 1.3, respectively (mean ± SD)] and one group a placebo treatment (NaCl 0.9%, n = 40, parity: 4.0 ± 1.9). The animals were treated at 6 time points (7, 6, and 5 d AP, and 1, 2, and 3 d PP) via intravenous injection. Mass spectroscopy-based targeted metabolomics analysis of blood plasma and liver samples were performed using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences), whereas the urine samples were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate [partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)] and univariate methods (linear mixed model). Multivariate data analysis (PLS-DA plots) of the liver metabolome revealed 3 different metabotypes (A = medium, B = minor, C = large alterations in liver metabolome profile between AP and PP status). Metabotype B animals were characterized by higher PP lipomobilization (stronger PP body condition decrease and higher blood bilirubin, fatty acids, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and triglyceride levels) and a higher occurrence of transition cow diseases, compared with the animals in metabotype C. Analysis of the feeding data showed that the period of metabotype B animals (calving in a distinct time frame) was characterized by a decreased grass silage quality. The PP liver metabolome of the metabotype C animals was characterized by higher concentrations of AA, acylcarnitines, lysoPC and sphingomyelins compared with metabotype B. For the metaphylactic treatment with BCC a dose-dependent effect was confirmed, differing between the metabotypes. In all matrices and metabotypes at various time points significant treatment effects were observed, with different profiles in clinical chemistry and as well in metabolomics data. The most clear-cut treatment effect was observed in metabotype B in the liver at 7 d PP, characterized by an increase in several acylcarnitines and phosphatidylcholines, indicating a more efficient influx and oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria and thereby an increase in energy supply and more efficient triglyceride export in the liver. The results from the liver metabolomics analysis support the application of an indication-based metaphylactic treatment with BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schären
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - T Snedec
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Riefke
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Slopianka
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Keck
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Gruendemann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Wichard
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Brunner
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 51373 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - S Klein
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 51373 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - K B Theinert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Pietsch
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Leonhardt
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Theile
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Rachidi
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Kaiser
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Köller
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Bannert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Spilke
- Biometrics and Informatics in Agriculture Group, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Str. 4, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Schären M, Riefke B, Slopianka M, Keck M, Gruendemann S, Wichard J, Brunner N, Klein S, Snedec T, Theinert KB, Pietsch F, Rachidi F, Köller G, Bannert E, Spilke J, Starke A. Aspects of transition cow metabolomics-Part III: Alterations in the metabolome of liver and blood throughout the transition period in cows with different liver metabotypes. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9245-9262. [PMID: 34024605 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in the postpartum (PP) energy metabolism of the transition dairy cow; however, studies describing the liver metabolome during this period were lacking. The aim of the presented study was therefore to compare the alterations in the liver and blood metabolome of transition dairy cows. For this purpose, an on-farm trial with 80 German Holstein cows (mean lactation number: 3.9; range: 2-9) was performed, with thorough documentation of clinical traits and clinical chemistry, as well as production data. Liver biopsies and blood samples were collected at d 14 (mean: 12 d, range: 1-26 d) antepartum (AP), d 7 (7, 4-13) and 28 (28, 23-34; mean, earliest-latest) PP for targeted mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics analysis using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences). Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate (partial least squares discriminant analysis) as well as univariate methods (linear mixed model). Multivariate data analysis of the liver metabolome revealed 3 different metabotypes (A = medium, B = minor, C = large alterations in the liver metabolome profile between AP and PP). In metabotype C, an increase of almost all acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC), sphingomyelins, and some phosphatidylcholines (PC, mainly at 7 d PP) was observed after calving. In contrast to metabotype C, the clinical data of the metabotype B animals indicated a higher PP lipomobilization and occurrence of transition cow diseases. The liver metabolome profile of these animals most likely mirrors a failure of adaptation to the PP state. This strong occurrence of metabotypes was much less pronounced in the blood metabolome. Additionally, differences in metabolic patterns were observed across the transition period when comparing liver and blood matrices (e.g., in different biogenic amines, acylcarnitines and sphingolipids). In summary, the blood samples at 7 d PP showed lower acylcarnitines and PC, with minor alterations and a heterogeneous pattern in AA, biogenic amines, and sphingomyelins compared with 14 d AP. In contrast to 7 d PP, the blood samples at 28 PP revealed an increase in several AA, lysoPC, PC, and sphingomyelins in comparison to the AP state, irrespective of the metabotype. In the liver biopsies metabotype B differed from metabotype C animals ante partum by following metabolites: higher α aminoadipic acid, lower AA, serotonin, taurine, and symmetric dimethylarginine levels, lower or higher concentrations of certain acylcarnitines (higher: C2, C3, C5, C4:1; lower: C12:1, C14:1-OH, C16:2), and lower lysoPC (a C16:0, C18:0, C20:3, C20:4) and hexose levels. In blood samples, fewer differences were observed, with lower serotonin, acylcarnitine C16:2, lysoPC (a C16:0, C17:0, C18:0 and C18:1), PC aa C38:0, and PC ae C42:2. The results show that the use of only the blood metabolome to assess liver metabolism may be hampered by the fact that blood profiles are influenced by the metabolism of many organs, and metabolomics analysis from liver biopsies is a more suitable method to identify distinct metabotypes. Future studies should investigate the stability and reproducibility of the metabotype and phenotypes observed, and the possible predictive value of the metabolites already differing AP between metabotype B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schären
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - B Riefke
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Slopianka
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Keck
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Gruendemann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Wichard
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Brunner
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 51373 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - S Klein
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 51373 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - T Snedec
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K B Theinert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Pietsch
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Rachidi
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Köller
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Bannert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Spilke
- Biometrics and Informatics in Agriculture Group, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Str. 4, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Newman K, Wilson R, Roberts JM, Mayo JR, Mohamed Ali AA, Brunner N, Sedlic A. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion for the evaluation of right ventricular function in functional cardiac CT compared to MRI. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:628.e1-628.e7. [PMID: 33879320 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare ejection fraction estimated by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) using cardiac computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the non-invasive reference standard, volumetric quantification of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one patients, who had undergone functional cardiac CT angiogram and cardiac MRI within 12 months, were evaluated retrospectively. Right ventricular (RV) volumes were processed using automated cardiac analysis software for CT, and manually processed by Simpson's method for MRI. MR-TAPSE was defined as the difference in length between two separate reference lines drawn at end diastole and end systole from the lateral tricuspid annulus to the right ventricular apex measured on four-chamber CINE images. CT-TAPSE was determined in an analogous manner on four-chamber reformatted images. RESULTS MR-TAPSE correlated moderately with MR-RVEF, (r=0.57, p<0.001). CT-TAPSE was found to correlate moderately well with MR-RVEF (r=0.58, p<0.001) and CT-RVEF (r=0.63, p<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis repeated with various multiplication factors for CT-TAPSE and MR-RVEF, determined a multiplication factor of 2.7 resulted in the lowest bias (0.74%). CONCLUSION CT-TAPSE is an easily obtainable parameter of RV function and is correlated with CT-RVEF and MR-RVEF. It can function as a quick check to rapidly validate CT right volumetry and estimate MR-RVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Newman
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - R Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - J R Mayo
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A A Mohamed Ali
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Brunner
- Department of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Sedlic
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Stenvang J, Ambjørner S, Sedighi K, Vestlev PM, Saaby L, Brodin B, Brunner N. Abstract 6340: Re-sensitization of irinotecan/SN38 resistant colorectal cancer cells by SCO-101. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Annually, more than 1 million people are diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and more than 500.000 die from CRC. Only three types of chemotherapy are currently being used worldwide to treat CRC patients: 5FU, oxaliplatin and irinotecan. However, chemotherapy resistance is present or develops in the majority of metastatic CRC patients. Resistance to anti-cancer drugs represents the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Thus, re-sensitization of chemotherapy resistant cancer cells constitutes a highly unmet medical need.
Materials and Methods: The drug, SCO-101, is an oral drug and has previously passed 4 Phase I clinical trials where it demonstrated excellent PK (T1/2=15 hours) and favourable safety profile. We used two pairs of parental (sensitive) and SN38-resistant (SN38 is the active metabilote of irinotecan) human colon cancer cell lines (HT29 and LoVo). Cell viability in vitro during 72h exposure to SCO-101 and/or SN38 was adressed by MTT assays. The level of the SN38 efflux transpoter, ABCG2/BCRP, was investigated in the presence or absence of SCO-101. Additionally, various flux assays were applied to investigate the effect of SCO-101 on ABCG2/BCRP activity. A kinase screen revealed that the kinase SRPK1 was inhibited by SCO-101 and the importance of SRPK1 activity in re-sensitization of SN38 resistant colon cancer cells was investigated by two different synthetic SRPK1 inhbitors.
Results: In parental HT29 and LoVo cells, SCO-101 and SN38 each had a dose-dependent effect on cell viability and no combinational effects were observed between the drugs. When exposing SN38-resistant cells to the combination of SCO-101 and SN38, a significant inhibitory effect on cell viability compared to either drug alone was observed, suggesting an additive or synergistic effect between these two drugs with SCO-101 re-sensitizing the resistant cells to SN38. Flux assays with ABCG2 /BCRP substrates clearly demonstrated that SCO-101 inhibited the activity of ABCG2 and protein analysis further demonstrated that SCO-101 causes degradation of ABCG2/BCRP. Cell viability assays with two different SRPK1 inhibitors demonstrated that this kinase is involved in re-sensitization to SN38.
Conclusion and future perspectives: These preclinical studies demonstrate that SCO-101 sensitizes SN38-resistant colon cancer cells to SN38 through two different mechanisms of actions e.g. inhibition of the SRPK1 kinase and degradation of the ABCG2/BCRP drug efflux pump. We are now preparing a clinical phase II study enrolling metastatic CRC patients, who have developed acquired resistance to irinotecan containing treatment. These patients will be re-exposed to the combination of irinotecan containing treatment and SCO-101. Primary end-points will be safety and objective response rate according to RECIST 1.1. Secondary end-points will be clinical benefit rate. The study has been approved by the Danish Medicines Agency. In conclusion, SCO-101 represents a unique drug with an innovative dual mechanism of action.
Citation Format: Jan Stenvang, Sophie Ambjørner, Khwajanezrabodin Sedighi, Peter Michael Vestlev, Lasse Saaby, Birger Brodin, Nils Brunner. Re-sensitization of irinotecan/SN38 resistant colorectal cancer cells by SCO-101 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6340.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lasse Saaby
- 2University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jandu H, Nielsen A, Brunner N, Hansen A, Knudsen S, Stenvang J, Jensen PB. Characterization of resistance to a recombinant hexameric Fas-ligand (APO010) in human cancer cell lines. Exp Hematol 2020; 87:33-41.e4. [PMID: 32619459 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma remains a hard-to-treat cancer as all patients eventually progress because of drug resistance. Thus, there is a need for novel and non-cross-resistant treatment options, and we aimed to address this issue by introducing a new immuno-oncology drug (APO010) in multiple myeloma treatment. APO010 is a hexameric Fas-ligand that mimics cytotoxic T-lymphocyte signaling through the Fas-receptor to induce apoptosis. APO010 is currently in clinical trials with multiple myeloma patients. Thus, an understanding of the mechanisms contributing to resistance to APO010 will be essential for future clinical studies with APO010, and it might be possible to develop strategies to circumvent this resistance. We developed APO010-resistant variants of human multiple myeloma cell lines (LP1, MOLP-8, and KMS-12-BM) and a human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line (Raji) by exposing the cells to gradually increasing concentrations of APO010 over a period of 6-12 months. The resistant cell lines were characterized on the basis of immunocytochemistry, Fas-receptor protein expression, mRNA expression analysis, and pathway analysis. APO010-resistant cell lines exhibited a 4- to 520-fold increase in resistance to APO010 and still remained sensitive to other chemotherapeutics. Downregulation of the Fas-receptor protein expression was observed in all resistant cell lines. mRNA expression analysis of the resistant versus parental cell lines confirmed a significant alteration in FAS expression between sensitive and resistant cell lines (p = 0.03), while pathway analysis revealed alterations in mRNA signaling pathways of Fas. On the basis of the pre-clinical data obtained, it can be concluded that downregulation of Fas-receptor can mediate resistance to APO010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haatisha Jandu
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Oncology Venture, Horsholm, Denmark.
| | - Annette Nielsen
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Oncology Venture, Horsholm, Denmark
| | - Nils Brunner
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anker Hansen
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Oncology Venture, Horsholm, Denmark
| | - Steen Knudsen
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Oncology Venture, Horsholm, Denmark
| | - Jan Stenvang
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter B Jensen
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Oncology Venture, Horsholm, Denmark
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Brunner N, Luciolli E, Netter P, Lefas P, Vallet B, Binder P, Durrleman A. L’évaluation des politiques de santé publique. Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jandu H, Nielsen A, Brunner N, Hansen A, Knudsen S, Jensen PB. Characterization of resistance to APO010, a recombinant hexameric FAS ligand, in human myeloma cell lines. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nils Brunner
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Abstract
Cathepsins B, H and L have been shown to participate in processes of tumor growth, vascularization, invasion and metastasis. Their levels in tumor tissue extracts can provide useful clinical information to predict disease-free and overall survival in breast, lung, colorectal, brain and head and neck cancer patients. Recently we have found that both cysteine cathepsins and their endogenous protein inhibitors stefins and cystatin C can also predict prognosis when measured extracellularly. In melanoma and colorectal cancer patients high serum levels of cathepsins B and H correlated with shorter survival. Similarly, increased extracellular levels of stefins A and B and cystatin C correlated significantly with high risk of adverse outcome in cancer patients. However, the cathepsin B/cystatin C complex was found to be less abundant in sera of patients with malignant tumors than in those with benign diseases or in healthy controls, suggesting an imbalance between the enzyme and its inhibitor in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kos
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Brunner N, Stenvang J, Budinska E, Nygaard SB. ABCG2 and TOP-1 mRNA expression as predictive biomarkers for adjuvant FOLFIRI treatment in stage III colon cancer patients: Results from the PETAAC-3 prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.11594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11594 Background: FOLFIRI as adjuvant treatment in primary colon cancer was previously tested in two pivotal prospective randomized clinical trials (PETACC-3 and CALGB 89803), both of which failed to demonstrate significant beneficial effects when adding irinotecan to 5FU. As a consequence, FOLFIRI is presently not used as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. Methods: The study included 580 patients with mRNA expression data performed on tumor samples (FFPE) from stage III colon cancer patients enrolled in the PETACC-3 study, which randomized the patients to 5FU plus Leucovorin +/- irinotecan. Primary end-points were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Median ABCG2 and the 75 percentile TOP-1 mRNA expression data were used to allocate the patients into one of two groups: One with high ABCG2 expression (above median) and low TOP-1 expression (below 75 percentile) (n = 167) and another group including all other combinations of these two genes. Kaplan Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model were used to visualize differences between groups and calculate p-values (log-rank test). Results: The survival statistics showed a significant difference for both RFS (HR: 0.63 (0.44-0.92); p = 0.017) and OS (HR: 0.6 (0.39-0.93); p = 0.021) between the two groups when the patients received FOLFIRI. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the groups when patients received 5FU and Leucovorin alone (p-values: RFS: 0.58; OS: 0.75). Conclusions: We here show that the combination of two independent gene expression abundance with a strong association to irinotecan treatment (high ABCG2 drug efflux pump and low TOP-1, the latter being the target for irinotecan) identified a group of stage III colon cancer patients who will not benefit from FOLFIRI adjuvant treatment while patients with other combinations of expression of these two genes appear to significantly benefit from adjuvant FOLFIRI treatment. The lack of a similar effect in patients receiving treatment with 5FU and Leucovorin only, points to a predictive value of ABCG2 and TOP-1 measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Brunner
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan Stenvang
- Section for Molecular Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Budinska
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Brunner N, Nygaard SB, Budinska E, Stenvang J. ABCG2 and TOP1 mRNA expression as predictive biomarkers for adjuvant FOLFIRI treatment in stage III colon cancer patients: Results from the PETAAC-3 prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
591 Background: FOLFIRI as adjuvant treatment in primary colon cancer was previously tested in two pivotal prospective randomized clinical trials (PETACC-3 and CALGB 89803), both of which failed to demonstrate significant beneficial effects when adding irinotecan to 5FU. As a consequence, FOLFIRI is presently not used as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. Methods: The study included 580 patients with mRNA expression data performed on tumor samples (FFPE) from stage III colon cancer patients enrolled in the PETACC-3 study, which randomized the patients to 5FU plus Leucovorin +/- irinotecan. Primary end-points were disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Median ABCG2 and the 75 percentile TOP-1 mRNA expression data were used to allocate the patients into one of two groups: One with high ABCG2 expression (above median) and low TOP-1 expression (below 75 percentile) (n = 167) and another group including all other combinations of these two genes. Kaplan Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model were used to visualize differences between groups and calculate p-values (log-rank test). Results: The survival statistics showed a significant difference for both RFS (HR: 0.63 (0.44-0.92); p = 0.017) and OS (HR: 0.6 (0.39-0.93); p = 0.021) between the two groups when the patients received FOLFIRI. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the groups when patients received 5FU and Leucovorin alone (RFS: 0.58; OS: 0.75). Conclusions: We here show that the combination of two independent gene expression abundance with a strong association to irinotecan treatment (high ABCG2 drug efflux pump and low TOP-1, which is the target for irinotecan) identified a group of stage III colon cancer patients who will not benefit from FOLFIRI adjuvant treatment while patients with other combinations of expression of these two genes appear to significantly benefit from adjuvant FOLFIRI treatment. The lack of a similar effect in patients receiving treatment with 5FU and Leucovorin only, points to a predictive value of ABCG2 and TOP-1 measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Brunner
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Eva Budinska
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Halvorsen AR, Helland Å, Gromov P, Wielenga VT, Talman MLM, Brunner N, Sandhu V, Børresen-Dale AL, Gromova I, Haakensen VD. Profiling of microRNAs in tumor interstitial fluid of breast tumors - a novel resource to identify biomarkers for prognostic classification and detection of cancer. Mol Oncol 2016; 11:220-234. [PMID: 28145100 PMCID: PMC5527454 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized based on accumulated data that a class of small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs, are key factors in intercellular communication. Here, microRNAs present in interstitial breast tumor fluids have been analyzed to identify relevant markers for a diagnosis of breast cancer and to elucidate the cross‐talk that exists among cells in a tumor microenvironment. Matched tumor interstitial fluid samples (TIF, n = 60), normal interstitial fluid samples (NIF, n = 51), corresponding tumor tissue specimens (n = 54), and serum samples (n = 27) were collected from patients with breast cancer, and detectable microRNAs were analyzed and compared. In addition, serum data from 32 patients with breast cancer and 22 healthy controls were obtained for a validation study. To identify potential serum biomarkers of breast cancer, first the microRNA profiles of TIF and NIF samples were compared. A total of 266 microRNAs were present at higher level in the TIF samples as compared to normal counterparts. Sixty‐one of these microRNAs were present in > 75% of the serum samples and were subsequently tested in a validation set. Seven of the 61 microRNAs were associated with poor survival, while 23 were associated with the presence of immune cells and adipocytes. To our knowledge, these data demonstrate for the first time that profiling of microRNAs in TIF can identify novel biomarkers for the prognostic classification and detection of breast cancer. In addition, the present findings demonstrate that microRNAs may represent the cross‐talk that occurs between tumor cells and their surrounding stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rita Halvorsen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Cancer Proteomics Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vera Timmermans Wielenga
- Department of Pathology, Center of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Maj-Lis Møller Talman
- Department of Pathology, Center of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Nils Brunner
- Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Center, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Translational Cancer Research Unit, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vandana Sandhu
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Irina Gromova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Cancer Proteomics Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilde D Haakensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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12
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Espinoza JA, Jabeen S, Batra R, Papaleo E, Haakensen V, Timmermans Wielenga V, Møller Talman ML, Brunner N, Børresen-Dale AL, Gromov P, Helland Å, Kristensen VN, Gromova I. Cytokine profiling of tumor interstitial fluid of the breast and its relationship with lymphocyte infiltration and clinicopathological characteristics. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1248015. [PMID: 28123884 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1248015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is composed of many immune cell subpopulations and is an important factor in the malignant progression of neoplasms, particularly breast cancer (BC). However, the cytokine networks that coordinate various regulatory events within the BC interstitium remain largely uncharacterized. Moreover, the data obtained regarding the origin of cytokine secretions, the levels of secretion associated with tumor development, and the possible clinical relevance of cytokines remain controversial. Therefore, we profiled 27 cytokines in 78 breast tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) samples, 43 normal interstitial fluid (NIF) samples, and 25 matched serum samples obtained from BC patients with Luminex xMAP multiplex technology. Eleven cytokines exhibited significantly higher levels in the TIF samples compared with the NIF samples: interleukin (IL)-7, IL-10, fibroblast growth factor-2, IL-13, interferon (IFN)γ-inducible protein (IP-10), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-β, IL-1β, chemokine ligand 5 (RANTES), vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-12. An immunohistochemical analysis further demonstrated that IL-1RA, IP-10, IL-10, PDGF-β, RANTES, and VEGF are widely expressed by both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), whereas IP-10 and RANTES were preferentially abundant in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) compared to Luminal A subtype cancers. The latter observation corresponds with the high level of TILs in the TNBC samples. IL-1β, IL-7, IL-10, and PDGFβ also exhibited a correlation between the TIF samples and matched sera. In a survival analysis, high levels of IL-5, a hallmark TH2 cytokine, in the TIF samples were associated with a worse prognosis. These findings have important implications for BC immunotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shakila Jabeen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Richa Batra
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Computational Biology Laboratory, Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Computational Biology Laboratory, Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilde Haakensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera Timmermans Wielenga
- Department of Pathology, Center of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj-Lis Møller Talman
- Department of Pathology, Center of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Brunner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Cancer Proteomics Group , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Irina Gromova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Cancer Proteomics Group , Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vangsted A, Jensen P, Madsen M, Gimsing P, Jensen T, Hansen A, Rasmussen A, Nielsen A, Buhl U, Jandu H, Brunner N, Pratt B, Frølund U, Helleberg C, Abildgaard N, Knudsen S. APO010 sensitivity in relapsed multiple myeloma patients. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw363.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Alkhodair A, Tsang M, Ramanathan K, Swiston J, Levy R, Huckell V, Brunner N. COMPARISON OF THERMODILUTION AND INDIRECT FICK CARDIAC OUTPUTS IN PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Guerreiro T, Monteiro F, Martin A, Brask JB, Vértesi T, Korzh B, Caloz M, Bussières F, Verma VB, Lita AE, Mirin RP, Nam SW, Marsilli F, Shaw MD, Gisin N, Brunner N, Zbinden H, Thew RT. Demonstration of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering Using Single-Photon Path Entanglement and Displacement-Based Detection. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:070404. [PMID: 27563941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.070404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the violation of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering inequality developed for single-photon path entanglement with displacement-based detection. We use a high-rate source of heralded single-photon path-entangled states, combined with high-efficiency superconducting-based detectors, in a scheme that is free of any postselection and thus immune to the detection loophole. This result conclusively demonstrates single-photon entanglement in a one-sided device-independent scenario, and opens the way towards implementations of device-independent quantum technologies within the paradigm of path entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guerreiro
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - F Monteiro
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Martin
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - J B Brask
- Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - T Vértesi
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H4001-Debrecen, P.O. Box 51, Hungary
| | - B Korzh
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M Caloz
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - F Bussières
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - V B Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A E Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R P Mirin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - S W Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - F Marsilli
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - M D Shaw
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - N Gisin
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - N Brunner
- Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - H Zbinden
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - R T Thew
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Christensen TD, Buhl ASK, Christensen IJ, Nelausen KM, Balslev E, Knoop AS, Brix E, Vestlev PM, Hollander NH, Ejlertsen B, Rasmussen A, Buhl UH, Hansen A, Brunner N, Jensen PB, Knudsen S, Nielsen D. Fulvestrant response prediction from transcriptome data obtained from primary breast cancer biopsies. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.e12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Sofie Kappel Buhl
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Eva Balslev
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ann S. Knoop
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Brix
- Department of Onocology, Hilleroed Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | | | | | - Bent Ejlertsen
- The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, DBCG Secretariat, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Nils Brunner
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Dorte Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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17
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Stenvang J, Lima T, Nielsen SL, Drejer J, Brunner N, Christophersen P. The volume regulated anion channel inhibitor NS3728 to enhance the cytotoxic effects of SN-38 in human colorectal cancer cells grown in vitro. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.e23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils Brunner
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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18
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Buhl IK, Gerster S, Delorenzi M, Jensen T, Jensen PB, Bosman F, Tejpar S, Roth A, Brunner N, Hansen A, Knudsen S. Cell Line Derived 5-FU and Irinotecan Drug-Sensitivity Profiles Evaluated in Adjuvant Colon Cancer Trial Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155123. [PMID: 27171152 PMCID: PMC4865183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates whether gene signatures for chemosensitivity for irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derived from in vitro grown cancer cell lines can predict clinical sensitivity to these drugs. METHODS To test if an irinotecan signature and a SN-38 signature could identify patients who benefitted from the addition of irinotecan to 5-FU, we used gene expression profiles based on cell lines and clinical tumor material. These profiles were applied to expression data obtained from pretreatment formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue from 636 stage III colon cancer patients enrolled in the PETACC-3 prospective randomized clinical trial. A 5-FU profile developed similarly was assessed by comparing the PETACC-3 cohort with a cohort of 359 stage II colon cancer patients who underwent surgery but received no adjuvant therapy. RESULTS There was no statistically significant association between the irinotecan or SN-38 profiles and benefit from irinotecan. The 5-FU sensitivity profile showed a statistically significant association with relapse free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.54 (0.41-0.71), p<1e-05) and overall survival (HR = 0.47 (0.34-0.63), p<1e-06) in the PETACC-3 subpopulation. The effect of the 5-FU profile remained significant in a multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards model, adjusting for several relevant clinicopathological parameters. No statistically significant effect of the 5-FU profile was observed in the untreated cohort of 359 patients (relapse free survival, p = 0.671). CONCLUSION The irinotecan predictor had no predictive value. The 5-FU predictor was prognostic in stage III patients in PETACC-3 but not in stage II patients with no adjuvant therapy. This suggests a potential predictive ability of the 5-FU sensitivity profile to identify colon cancer patients who may benefit from 5-FU, however, any biomarker predicting benefit for adjuvant 5-FU must be rigorously evaluated in independent cohorts. Given differences between the two study cohorts, the present results should be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Kappel Buhl
- Section for Molecular Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Prognosis Institute, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Sarah Gerster
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research and Oncology Department, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Fred Bosman
- University of Lausanne, University Institute of Pathology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Digestive Oncology Unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Roth
- University Hospital of Geneva, Oncosurgery Unit, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nils Brunner
- Section for Molecular Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Christensen IJ, Wilhelmsen M, Gawel S, Yang X, Brunner N, Martens F, Heijboer A, Davis G, Nielsen HJ. Early detection of colorectal neoplasia: Combination of eight cancer-associated blood-based protein biomarkers. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
488 Background: Assessment of 8 blood based protein markers for identifying colorectal neoplasia. Methods: 4,698 subjects scheduled for first time ever colonoscopy with symptoms potentially attributable to colorectal neoplasia were accrued. Plasma levels of AFP, CA19-9, CEA, hs-CRP, CyFra21-1, Ferritin, Galectin-3, and TIMP-1 were determined by using the Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 automated immunoassay platform. Three clinical endpoints were chosen for this presentation: 1. CRC, 2. CRC and high risk adenoma, 3. CRC and other cancers. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis of each endpoint. A final reduced model was selected choosing the best combination of 4 markers with the highest likelihood score statistic. Results: 512 CRC’s were identified, 323 CC and 189 RC. Malignancies other than CRC were detected in 177 subjects, 699 adenomas were identified including 298 with high risk, 1342 subjects had non-invasive bowell disease, and 1978 had a “clean” colon. Univariate analysis of each endpoint demonstrated that all markers were statistically significant. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the blood based markers in combination significantly predicted the 3 endpoints. The reduced model resulted in the selection of CEA, hs-CRP, CyFra21-1 and Ferritin for the 3 endpoints. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.83, 0.74 and 0.82 respectively. The postive predictive value (PPV) at 90% sensitivity was 18% for endpoint 1 and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 97%. For endpoints 2 and 3, the PPV’s were 25% and 20% and the NPV’s were 93% and 96%. Conclusions: A subset of 4 biomarker in combination identify subjects with a high risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils Brunner
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Frans Martens
- Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Piper TB, Hvolris MH, Hammer E, Christensen IJ, Davis G, Dowell B, Brunner N, Nielsen HJ. Increased cancer-associated protein biomarker levels at bowel endoscopy and risk of extra-colonic primary cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Piper
- Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Emilie Hammer
- Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Nils Brunner
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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21
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Buhl IK, Christensen IJ, Hansen A, Jensen T, Buhl UH, Brunner N, Madsen MW, Sørensen JB, Ravn J, Santoni-Rugiu E, Askaa J, Jensen PB, Knudsen S. Versatile multigene expression biomarker for predicting clinical platinum sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ovarian cancer (OC). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e18502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nils Brunner
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Benn Sørensen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Ravn
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Santoni-Rugiu
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Center, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Askaa
- Medical Prognosis Institute, Hoersholm, Denmark
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Yip A, Al-Ahmari LS, Al-Ahmari TS, Brunner N, Jue J. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF PULMONARY VALVE MOTION IN PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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23
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Buhl I, Gerster S, Delorenzi M, Jensen T, Jensen P, Brunner N, Hansen A, Knudsen S. A Genetic Response Profile to Predict Efficacy of Adjuvant 5-Fu in Colon Cancer. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu333.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Lassen UN, Knudsen S, Hertel PB, Kumler I, Nielsen D, Ejlertsen B, Soerensen MM, Brunner N, Buhl UH, Madsen MW, Buhl IK, Hansen A, Jensen T, Balslev E, Askaa J, Vestlev PM, Laenkholm AV, Jensen PB. Use of microRNA to identify stage IV breast cancer patients to be targeted with phospholipase A2 disrupted cisplatin carrying liposomes: An ongoing phase I trial. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.tps1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dorte Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Brunner
- Section for Molecular Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Balslev
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jon Askaa
- Medical Prognosis Institute, Hoersholm, Denmark
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25
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Soerensen PG, Andersson T, Buhl U, Moelvadgaard T, Jensen PB, Brunner N, Nielsen D. Phase I dose-escalating study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of Foxy-5 in patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.tps1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dorte Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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26
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Brunner N, Tarpgaard LS, Christensen IJ, Moreira J, Guren TK, Glimelius B, Sorby H, Ikdahl T, Kure E, Tveit KM, Nielsen HJ, Pfeiffer P. Benefit of EGFR-inhibition therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients with KRAS-mutated tumors and high plasma TIMP-1 level: Results from the NORDIC VII study. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Brunner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Moreira
- Department of Molecular Disease Biology, Section for Veterianary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Tone Ikdahl
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kure
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Per Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Aaberg-Jessen C, Fogh L, Halle B, Jensen V, Brunner N, Kristensen BW, Abe T, Momii Y, Watanabe J, Morisaki I, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T, Fujiki M, Aldaz B, Fabius AWM, Silber J, Harinath G, Chan TA, Huse JT, Anai S, Hide T, Nakamura H, Makino K, Yano S, Kuratsu JI, Balyasnikova IV, Prasol MS, Kanoija DK, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS, Barone T, Burkhart C, Purmal A, Gudkov A, Gurova K, Plunkett R, Barton K, Misuraca K, Cordero F, Dobrikova E, Min H, Gromeier M, Kirsch D, Becher O, Pont LB, Kloezeman J, van den Bent M, Kanaar R, Kremer A, Swagemakers S, French P, Dirven C, Lamfers M, Leenstra S, Pont LB, Balvers R, Kloezeman J, Kleijn A, Lawler S, Leenstra S, Dirven C, Lamfers M, Gong X, Andres A, Hanson J, Delashaw J, Bota D, Chen CC, Yao NW, Chuang WJ, Chang C, Chen PY, Huang CY, Wei KC, Cheng Y, Dai Q, Morshed R, Han Y, Auffinger B, Wainwright D, Zhang L, Tobias A, Rincon E, Thaci B, Ahmed A, He C, Lesniak M, Choi YA, Pandya H, Gibo DM, Fokt I, Priebe W, Debinski W, Chornenkyy Y, Agnihotri S, Buczkowicz P, Rakopoulos P, Morrison A, Barszczyk M, Becher O, Hawkins C, Chung S, Decollogne S, Luk P, Shen H, Ha W, Day B, Stringer B, Hogg P, Dilda P, McDonald K, Moore S, Hayden-Gephart M, Bergen J, Su Y, Rayburn H, Edwards M, Scott M, Cochran J, Das A, Varma AK, Wallace GC, Dixon-Mah YN, Vandergrift WA, Giglio P, Ray SK, Patel SJ, Banik NL, Dasgupta T, Olow A, Yang X, Mueller S, Prados M, James CD, Haas-Kogan D, Dave ND, Desai PB, Gudelsky GA, Chow LML, LaSance K, Qi X, Driscoll J, Driscoll J, Ebsworth K, Walters MJ, Ertl LS, Wang Y, Berahovic RD, McMahon J, Powers JP, Jaen JC, Schall TJ, Eroglu Z, Portnow J, Sacramento A, Garcia E, Raubitschek A, Synold T, Esaki S, Rabkin S, Martuza R, Wakimoto H, Ferluga S, Tome CL, Debinski W, Forde HE, Netland IA, Sleire L, Skeie B, Enger PO, Goplen D, Giladi M, Tichon A, Schneiderman R, Porat Y, Munster M, Dishon M, Weinberg U, Kirson E, Wasserman Y, Palti Y, Giladi M, Porat Y, Schneiderman R, Munster M, Weinberg U, Kirson E, Palti Y, Gramatzki D, Staudinger M, Frei K, Peipp M, Weller M, Grasso C, Liu L, Becher O, Berlow N, Davis L, Fouladi M, Gajjar A, Hawkins C, Huang E, Hulleman E, Hutt M, Keller C, Li XN, Meltzer P, Quezado M, Quist M, Raabe E, Spellman P, Truffaux N, van Vurden D, Wang N, Warren K, Pal R, Grill J, Monje M, Green AL, Ramkissoon S, McCauley D, Jones K, Perry JA, Ramkissoon L, Maire C, Shacham S, Ligon KL, Kung AL, Zielinska-Chomej K, Grozman V, Tu J, Viktorsson K, Lewensohn R, Gupta S, Mladek A, Bakken K, Carlson B, Boakye-Agyeman F, Kizilbash S, Schroeder M, Reid J, Sarkaria J, Hadaczek P, Ozawa T, Soroceanu L, Yoshida Y, Matlaf L, Singer E, Fiallos E, James CD, Cobbs CS, Hashizume R, Tom M, Ihara Y, Ozawa T, Santos R, Torre JDL, Lepe E, Waldman T, Prados M, James D, Hashizume R, Ihara Y, Huang X, Yu-Jen L, Tom M, Mueller S, Gupta N, Solomon D, Waldman T, Zhang Z, James D, Hayashi T, Adachi K, Nagahisa S, Hasegawa M, Hirose Y, Gephart MH, Moore S, Bergen J, Su YS, Rayburn H, Scott M, Cochran J, Hingtgen S, Kasmieh R, Nesterenko I, Figueiredo JL, Dash R, Sarkar D, Fisher P, Shah K, Horne E, Diaz P, Stella N, Huang C, Yang H, Wei K, Huang T, Hlavaty J, Ostertag D, Espinoza FL, Martin B, Petznek H, Rodriguez-Aguirre M, Ibanez C, Kasahara N, Gunzburg W, Gruber H, Pertschuk D, Jolly D, Robbins J, Hurwitz B, Yoo JY, Bolyard C, Yu JG, Wojton J, Zhang J, Bailey Z, Eaves D, Cripe T, Old M, Kaur B, Serwer L, Yoshida Y, Le Moan N, Santos R, Ng S, Butowski N, Krtolica A, Ozawa T, Cary SPL, James CD, Johns T, Greenall S, Donoghue J, Adams T, Karpel-Massler G, Westhoff MA, Kast RE, Dwucet A, Wirtz CR, Debatin KM, Halatsch ME, Karpel-Massler G, Kast RE, Westhoff MA, Merkur N, Dwucet A, Wirtz CR, Debatin KM, Halatsch ME, Kievit F, Stephen Z, Wang K, Kolstoe D, Silber J, Ellenbogen R, Zhang M, Kitange G, Schroeder M, Sarkaria J, Kleijn A, Haefner E, Leenstra S, Dirven C, Lamfers M, Knubel K, Pernu BM, Sufit A, Pierce AM, Nelson SK, Keating AK, Jensen SS, Kristensen BW, Lachowicz J, Demeule M, Regina A, Tripathy S, Curry JC, Nguyen T, Castaigne JP, Le Moan N, Serwer L, Yoshida Y, Ng S, Davis T, Santos R, Davis A, Tanaka K, Keating T, Getz J, Kapp GT, Romero JM, Ozawa T, James CD, Krtolica A, Cary SPL, Lee S, Ramisetti S, Slagle-Webb B, Sharma A, Connor J, Lee WS, Maire C, Kluk M, Aster JC, Ligon K, Sun S, Lee D, Ho ASW, Pu JKS, Zhang ZQ, Lee NP, Day PJR, Leung GKK, Liu Z, Liu X, Madhankumar AB, Miller P, Webb B, Connor JR, Yang QX, Lobo M, Green S, Schabel M, Gillespie Y, Woltjer R, Pike M, Lu YJ, Torre JDL, Waldman T, Prados M, Ozawa T, James D, Luchman HA, Stechishin O, Nguyen S, Cairncross JG, Weiss S, Lun X, Wells JC, Hao X, Zhang J, Grinshtein N, Kaplan D, Luchman A, Weiss S, Cairncross JG, Senger D, Robbins S, Madhankumar A, Slagle-Webb B, Rizk E, Payne R, Park A, Pang M, Harbaugh K, Connor J, Wilisch-Neumann A, Pachow D, Kirches E, Mawrin C, McDonell S, Liang J, Piao Y, Nguyen N, Yung A, Verhaak R, Sulman E, Stephan C, Lang F, de Groot J, Mizobuchi Y, Okazaki T, Kageji T, Kuwayama K, Kitazato KT, Mure H, Hara K, Morigaki R, Matsuzaki K, Nakajima K, Nagahiro S, Kumala S, Heravi M, Devic S, Muanza T, Nelson SK, Knubel KH, Pernu BM, Pierce AM, Keating AK, Neuwelt A, Nguyen T, Wu YJ, Donson A, Vibhakar R, Venkatamaran S, Amani V, Neuwelt E, Rapkin L, Foreman N, Ibrahim F, New P, Cui K, Zhao H, Chow D, Stephen W, Nozue-Okada K, Nagane M, McDonald KL, Ogawa D, Chiocca E, Godlewski J, Ozawa T, Yoshida Y, Santos R, James D, Pang M, Liu X, Madhankumar AB, Slagle-Webb B, Patel A, Miller P, Connor J, Pasupuleti N, Gorin F, Valenzuela A, Leon L, Carraway K, Ramachandran C, Nair S, Quirrin KW, Khatib Z, Escalon E, Melnick S, Phillips A, Boghaert E, Vaidya K, Ansell P, Shalinsky D, Zhang Y, Voorbach M, Mudd S, Holen K, Humerickhouse R, Reilly E, Huang T, Parab S, Diago O, Espinoza FL, Martin B, Ibanez C, Kasahara N, Gruber H, Pertschuk D, Jolly D, Robbins J, Ryken T, Agarwal S, Al-Keilani M, Alqudah M, Sibenaller Z, Assemolt M, Sai K, Li WY, Li WP, Chen ZP, Saito R, Sonoda Y, Kanamori M, Yamashita Y, Kumabe T, Tominaga T, Sarkar G, Curran G, Jenkins R, Scharnweber R, Kato Y, Lin J, Everson R, Soto H, Kruse C, Kasahara N, Liau L, Prins R, Semenkow S, Chu Q, Eberhart C, Sengupta R, Marassa J, Piwnica-Worms D, Rubin J, Serwer L, Kapp GT, Le Moan N, Yoshida Y, Romero JM, Ng S, Davis A, Ozawa T, Krtolica A, James CD, Cary SPL, Shai R, Pismenyuk T, Moshe I, Fisher T, Freedman S, Simon A, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Toren A, Yalon M, Shen H, Decollogne S, Dilda P, Chung S, Luk P, Hogg P, McDonald K, Shimazu Y, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Fujii K, Onishi M, Ishida J, Oka T, Watanabe M, Nasu Y, Kumon H, Date I, Sirianni RW, McCall RL, Spoor J, van der Kaaij M, Kloezeman J, Geurtjens M, Dirven C, Lamfers M, Leenstra S, Stephen Z, Veiseh O, Kievit F, Fang C, Leung M, Ellenbogen R, Silber J, Zhang M, Strohbehn G, Atsina KK, Patel T, Piepmeier J, Zhou J, Saltzman WM, Takahashi M, Valdes G, Inagaki A, Kamijima S, Hiraoka K, Micewicz E, McBride WH, Iwamoto KS, Gruber HE, Robbins JM, Jolly DJ, Kasahara N, Warren K, McCully C, Bacher J, Thomas T, Murphy R, Steffen-Smith E, McAllister R, Pastakia D, Widemann B, Wei K, Yang H, Huang C, Chen P, Hua M, Liu H, Woolf EC, Abdelwahab MG, Fenton KE, Liu Q, Turner G, Preul MC, Scheck AC, Yoshida Y, Ozawa T, Butowski N, Shen W, Brown D, Pedersen H, James D, Zhang J, Hariono S, Yao TW, Sidhu A, Hashizume R, James CD, Weiss WA, Nicolaides TP, Olusanya T. EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:iii37-iii61. [PMCID: PMC3823891 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
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Christensen BG, McCusker KT, Altepeter JB, Calkins B, Gerrits T, Lita AE, Miller A, Shalm LK, Zhang Y, Nam SW, Brunner N, Lim CCW, Gisin N, Kwiat PG. Detection-loophole-free test of quantum nonlocality, and applications. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:130406. [PMID: 24116754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.130406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a source of entangled photons that violates a Bell inequality free of the "fair-sampling" assumption, by over 7 standard deviations. This violation is the first reported experiment with photons to close the detection loophole, and we demonstrate enough "efficiency" overhead to eventually perform a fully loophole-free test of local realism. The entanglement quality is verified by maximally violating additional Bell tests, testing the upper limit of quantum correlations. Finally, we use the source to generate "device-independent" private quantum random numbers at rates over 4 orders of magnitude beyond previous experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Christensen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Smith DH, Rømer MU, Jensen NF, Nygaard SB, Christensen IJ, Müller S, Nielsen HJ, Brunner N, Nielsen KV. An explorative analysis of TOP1 copy number alterations in a chemonaive stage III CRC patient cohort. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.30_suppl.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
66 Background: Topoisomerase I (TOP1) is the target of TOP1 inhibitor chemotherapy. The TOP1 gene, located at 20q12, is frequently gained in colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study explores the mechanism, frequency and prognostic impact of TOP1 gene alterations in advanced CRC. Methods: Nine CRC cell line metaphase spreads were analyzed with a TOP1 probe in combination with a reference probe covering either the centromeric region of chromosome 20 (CEN20) or chromosome 2 (CEN2). Tissue sections from 154 stage III CRC patients, previously studied with TOP1/CEN20, were analyzed with TOP1/CEN2. Relationships between biomarker status and overall survival (OS), time to recurrence (TTR) in CRC and to local recurrence (LR; rectal cancer only) were analyzed using multivariate statistics. Results: TOP1 alterations were observed in 4 cell line metaphases. In 3 cases, TOP1 gain involved CEN20, indicating either gain of chromosome 20 or 20q. In all cell lines CEN2 was found to reflect chromosomal ploidy levels and therefore the TOP1/CEN2 probe combination was selected to identify TOP1 gene gains (TOP1/CEN2 ratio ≥ 1.5). A total of 151 patient tumor sections were analyzed with TOP1/CEN2. Among these, 99 patients (65.6%) had TOP1 gain of which 15 patients (10 %) harbored TOP1 amplification (TOP1/CEN20 ratio ≥ 2.0). For OS, TOP1 amplification showed a trend towards longer OS and TTR (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.31-1.14; p = 0.11; HR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.23-1.09; p = 0.08; respectively), whereas TOP1 gain did not. For LR in rectal cancer patients (n=70), TOP1 gains were significantly associated with shorter time to LR (HR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.02-3.84; p = 0.04), whereas TOP1 amplifications showed a trend towards longer time to LR (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.14-1.11; p = 0.08). Conclusions: TOP1 gene gain occurs frequently in stage III CRC in a mechanism that often includes CEN20. Using CEN2 as a measurement for tumor ploidy levels, we were able to discriminate between gains and amplifications. TOP1 amplifications showed a trend towards longer OS, TTR and time to LR, whereas TOP1 gains were associated with shorter time to LR. Future studies will investigate the difference between TOP1 gains and amplifications in a larger TOP1 inhibitor treated patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Unni Rømer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Niels Frank Jensen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sune Boris Nygaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Hans J. Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Nils Brunner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Christensen IJ, Høyer-Hansen G, Thurison T, Dowell B, Johansen JS, Henriksen R, Rohrberg KS, Brunner N, Nielsen HJ. The prognostic value of seven soluble proteins measured in plasma or serum from patients with colorectal cancer in TNM stages I-III. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.30_suppl.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
35 Background: In colorectal cancer (CRC) several independent blood-borne biomarkers have been proposed as prognostic and/or predictive markers. However only CEA is at present recommended as a serological CRC biomarker. We have identified 6 other biomarkers and the aim of this study is to see if a combination of markers improves the prognostic and/or predictive value. Methods: Two-hundred and twenty-eight patients with CRC have been included in this study, all with TNM stages I-III. Overall survival (OS) was chosen as the primary endpoint with 93 events and the minimum follow-up was 47 months. Seven biomarkers measured in plasma or serum were analysed: CEA, TIMP-1, the 3 soluble uPAR forms suPAR(I-III), suPAR(I-III)+(II-III) and uPAR(I), PAI-1 and YKL-40. Multivariable analyses of OS were done using regression analysis and results presented by 3 and 5 year OS rates with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). All biomarker levels were analysed on the log scale (base 2). Results: High levels of each of the included biomarker were significantly associated in a multivariable analysis (adjusted for age, gender, TNM stage, tumor localization, adjuvant chemotherapy,interaction between adjuvant therapy and biomarker) to poor prognosis in patients not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The results are shown for those patients (see Table). The uPAR forms were the only biomarkers significantly associated to OS in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Combining the markers resulted in an enhanced prediction of 3 and 5 year OS. For TNM stage II patients not receiving adjuvant therapy, the AUC was 0.765 for 3 year OS and 0.745 for 5 year OS. The corresponding AUC’s for TNM stage III were 0.859 and 0.861. Conclusions: The presented combination of blood biomarkers are shown to predict OS with higher precision than any single marker for patients not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and may provide useful information for use in the management of patients with CRC. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ib Jarle Christensen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunilla Høyer-Hansen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Thurison
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Julia S. Johansen
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rikke Henriksen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Brunner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hans J. Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Ehlers NS, Da ZS, Elias D, Lin X, Li J, Bjerre C, Brunner N, Bolund L, Jun W, Gupta R, Ditzel HJ. Exome sequencing identifies somatic point mutations associated with acquired endocrine resistance in breast cancer cell lines. BMC Proc 2012. [PMCID: PMC3467567 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-6-s6-p35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Daidone MG, Foekens JA, Harbeck N, Martens J, Brunner N, Thomssen C, Hall JA, Salgado R, Dittmer J, Geurts-Moespot A, Duffy MJ, Sweep FC, Schmitt M. Identification, validation and clinical implementation of cancer biomarkers: Translational strategies of the EORTC PathoBiology Group. EJC Suppl 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(12)70021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Vwalika B, Haddad L, Khu N, Kilembe W, Brunner N, Sitrin D, Allen S. Promotion of long-acting reversible contraception in a strategy for integration of family planning into couples' voluntary counseling and testing in Lusaka, Zambia. Contraception 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lundberg M, Thorsen SB, Assarsson E, Villablanca A, Tran B, Gee N, Knowles M, Nielsen BS, González Couto E, Martin R, Nilsson O, Fermer C, Schlingemann J, Christensen IJ, Nielsen HJ, Ekström B, Andersson C, Gustafsson M, Brunner N, Stenvang J, Fredriksson S. Multiplexed homogeneous proximity ligation assays for high-throughput protein biomarker research in serological material. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.004978. [PMID: 21242282 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A high throughput protein biomarker discovery tool has been developed based on multiplexed proximity ligation assays in a homogeneous format in the sense of no washing steps. The platform consists of four 24-plex panels profiling 74 putative biomarkers with sub-pm sensitivity each consuming only 1 μl of human plasma sample. The system uses either matched monoclonal antibody pairs or the more readily available single batches of affinity purified polyclonal antibodies to generate the target specific reagents by covalently linking with unique nucleic acid sequences. These paired sequences are united by DNA ligation upon simultaneous target binding forming a PCR amplicon. Multiplex proximity ligation assays thereby converts multiple target analytes into real-time PCR amplicons that are individually quantified using microfluidic high capacity qPCR in nano liter volumes. The assay shows excellent specificity, even in multiplex, by its dual recognition feature, its proximity requirement, and most importantly by using unique sequence specific reporter fragments on both antibody-based probes. To illustrate the potential of this protein detection technology, a pilot biomarker research project was performed using biobanked plasma samples for the detection of colorectal cancer using a multivariate signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lundberg
- Olink Bioscience, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 54A, 75183 Uppsala Sweden
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Nielsen KV, Brunner N. Re: Topoisomerase II Alpha and Responsiveness of Breast Cancer to Adjuvant Chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:352-3. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Schrohl AS, Jensen SS, Pedersen HC, Nielsen SL, Brunner N. Abstract P4-08-08: Cross Reactivity of Clinically Validated Anti-HER2 Antibodies. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p4-08-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-) 2 belongs to the family of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) with homology to HER1, HER3 and HER4. HER2 is over-expressed in approximately 20% of invasive human breast cancers (Wolff, Hammond et al. 2007). Over-expression of HER2 is associated with a poor prognosis; however, the protein can be targeted by anti-HER2 therapy (trastuzumab, Herceptin®) (Slamon, Leyland-Jones et al. 2001). Trastuzumab therapy is offered only to patients whose tumors over-express HER2 protein and/or show amplification of the HER2 gene. Accordingly, the expression level of HER2 protein and/or amplification of the HER2 gene are determined routinely in all newly diagnosed breast cancers. Essential to this testing of HER2 expression at the protein level is the availability of specific antibody-based test systems.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the specificity of three clinically approved commercially available anti-HER2 antibodies towards members of the EGFR-family.
Methods: We studied the antibody used in the Herceptest™ (Dako), the PATHWAY® antibody (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.) and the Oracle™ antibody (Leica Microsystems). Antibody specificity was investigated by manually performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in competitive ELISAs. For IHC, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were transiently transfected with the intracellular domain of respectively HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4 and all three antibodies were applied to sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) transfected cells. In ELISA, cross reactivity towards HER1 and HER4 was tested with peptides corresponding to the C-terminal part of HER1 and HER4.
Results: In IHC experiments, all three antibodies stained cells transfected with HER2. Binding of the antibodies to HER2 was confirmed bycompetitive ELISA. However, in IHC experiments the PATHWAY® and the Oracle™ antibodies also stained cells transfected with HER4. Competitive ELISAs confirmed binding of the PATHWAY® antibody to HER4, whereas binding of the Oracle™ antibody to HER4 could not be confirmed in a competitive ELISA. None of the antibodies cross reacted with HER1 and HER3 homologous to the HER2 binding site of the antibodies.
Conclusions: Two out of three clinically validated anti-HER2 antibodies were shown to cross react with HER4 in FFPE cells. As determination of HER2 over-expression and/or amplification guides therapy with trastuzumab, a valid test result by the use of specific antibodies is crucial to ensure proper personalized therapy with HER2-targeted therapy. These results warrant further investigation of anti-HER2 antibodies and of the procedures for clinical determination of HER2 protein expression. References:
Slamon DJ et al. (2001) J Med 344:783 Wolff AC et al. (2007) J Clin Oncol 25:118
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-S Schrohl
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Dako AS Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - SS Jensen
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Dako AS Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - HC Pedersen
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Dako AS Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - SL Nielsen
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Dako AS Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - N. Brunner
- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Dako AS Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
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Duffy MJ, Napieralski R, Martens JWM, Span PN, Spyratos F, Sweep FCGJ, Brunner N, Foekens JA, Schmitt M. Methylated genes as new cancer biomarkers. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:335-46. [PMID: 19138839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant hypermethylation of promoter regions in specific genes is a key event in the formation and progression of cancer. In at least some situations, these aberrant alterations occur early in the formation of malignancy and appear to be tumour specific. Multiple reports have suggested that measurement of the methylation status of the promoter regions of specific genes can aid early detection of cancer, determine prognosis and predict therapy responses. Promising DNA methylation biomarkers include the use of methylated GSTP1 for aiding the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, methylated PITX2 for predicting outcome in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients and methylated MGMT in predicting benefit from alkylating agents in patients with glioblastomas. However, prior to clinical utilisation, these findings require validation in prospective clinical studies. Furthermore, assays for measuring gene methylation need to be standardised, simplified and evaluated in external quality assurance programmes. It is concluded that methylated genes have the potential to provide a new generation of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Duffy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Johansen JS, Christensen IJ, Price PA, Brunner N, Nielsen HJ. Serum YKL-40 in risk assessment for colorectal cancer. A population based, prospective study of 4,987 subjects at risk of colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ghamande S, Silverman M, Gold M, Huh W, Behbakht K, Ball G, Cuasay L, Brunner N. A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of clinical activity and safety of Å6 in patients with asymptomatic CA 125 progression of epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
16014 Background: Patients (pts) with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) often relapse and rising CA 125 levels predate clinical or radiological appearance of tumor. High tumor and serum levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in EOC correlate to adverse outcomes. Å6 is a novel peptide derived from human uPA that down-regulates the uPA system and has anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activity in animals. Methods: Pts with EOC, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in clinical remission after first line chemotherapy had to have 2 consecutive rises of CA 125 levels above normal with no disease on physical examination or imaging studies. Pts were randomized to receive daily subcutaneous injections of placebo, 150 mg Å6, or 300 mg Å6 until disease progression. The primary objectives were to assess safety and clinical activity of Å6 by the effect on the onset of disease progression. Results: 48 pts were planned for the study. The trial ended early with 24 patients {12 pts (50%) placebo, 8 pts (33%) low dose Å6, 4 pts (17%) high dose Å6} randomized, treated and followed for up to 9 months. Despite early study termination and small sample size, A6 therapy was associated with a statistically significant progression free survival (PFS) (log rank p value=0.01) with a median PFS of 100 days (95% CI 64,168) compared to 49 days (95% CI 29,67) in pts who received the placebo. The treatments were well tolerated with one serious adverse event (transient nausea and dyspnea ) possibly related to study drug. Treatment was not associated with CA 125 response (Fisher exact test p value= 0.44). Conclusions: Å6 therapy increases PFS of patients with EOC and asymptomatic progression of CA 125. This therapy is novel, safe, feasible and deserves further investigation [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ghamande
- Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta, GA; Angstrom Pharmaceuticals, Solana Beach, CA; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO; Westat, Houston, TX; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Silverman
- Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta, GA; Angstrom Pharmaceuticals, Solana Beach, CA; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO; Westat, Houston, TX; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Gold
- Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta, GA; Angstrom Pharmaceuticals, Solana Beach, CA; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO; Westat, Houston, TX; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W. Huh
- Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta, GA; Angstrom Pharmaceuticals, Solana Beach, CA; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO; Westat, Houston, TX; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K. Behbakht
- Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta, GA; Angstrom Pharmaceuticals, Solana Beach, CA; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO; Westat, Houston, TX; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G. Ball
- Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta, GA; Angstrom Pharmaceuticals, Solana Beach, CA; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO; Westat, Houston, TX; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L. Cuasay
- Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta, GA; Angstrom Pharmaceuticals, Solana Beach, CA; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO; Westat, Houston, TX; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N. Brunner
- Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta, GA; Angstrom Pharmaceuticals, Solana Beach, CA; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO; Westat, Houston, TX; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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van Houwelingen JAW, Brunner N, Beveratos A, Zbinden H, Gisin N. Quantum teleportation with a three-Bell-state analyzer. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:130502. [PMID: 16711974 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel Bell-state analyzer (BSA) for time-bin qubits allowing the detection of three out of four Bell states with linear optics, two detectors, and no auxiliary photons. The theoretical success rate of this scheme is 50%. Our new BSA demonstrates the power of generalized quantum measurements, known as positive operator valued measurements. A teleportation experiment was performed to demonstrate its functionality. We also present a teleportation experiment with a fidelity larger than the cloning limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A W van Houwelingen
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine 20 CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
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Maillard C, Jost M, Rømer MU, Brunner N, Houard X, Lejeune A, Munaut C, Bajou K, Melen L, Dano K, Carmeliet P, Fusenig NE, Foidart JM, Noel A. Host plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promotes human skin carcinoma progression in a stage-dependent manner. Neoplasia 2005; 7:57-66. [PMID: 15720817 PMCID: PMC1490321 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and tumor expansion are associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and involve various proteases such as the plasminogen (Plg)/plasminogen activator (PA) system. Recently, several experimental data have implicated the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tumor angiogenesis in murine systems. However, little is known about PAI-1 functions in human skin carcinoma progression. By generating immunodeficient mice (in Rag-1-/- or nude background) deleted for PAI-1 gene (PAI-1-/-), we have evaluated the impact of host PAI-1 deficiency on the tumorigenicity of two malignant human skin keratinocyte cell lines HaCaT II-4 and HaCaT A5-RT3 forming low-grade and high-grade carcinomas, respectively. When using the surface transplantation model, angiogenesis and tumor invasion of these two cell lines are strongly reduced in PAI-1-deficient mice as compared to the wild-type control animals. After subcutaneous injection in PAI-1-/- mice, the tumor incidence is reduced for HaCaT II-4 cells, but not for those formed by HaCaT A5-RT3 cells. These data indicate that PAI-1 produced by host cells is an important contributor to earlier stages of human skin carcinoma progression. It exerts its tumor-promoting effect in a tumor stage-dependent manner, but PAI-1 deficiency is not sufficient to prevent neoplastic growth of aggressive tumors of the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Maillard
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CRCE, CBIG, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart Tilman, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Maud Jost
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CRCE, CBIG, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart Tilman, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Maria Unni Rømer
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen DK 2100, Denmark
| | - Nils Brunner
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen DK 2100, Denmark
| | - Xavier Houard
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CRCE, CBIG, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart Tilman, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Annabelle Lejeune
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CRCE, CBIG, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart Tilman, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Carine Munaut
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CRCE, CBIG, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart Tilman, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Khalid Bajou
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CRCE, CBIG, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart Tilman, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Laurence Melen
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CRCE, CBIG, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart Tilman, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Keld Dano
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen DK 2100, Denmark
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Norbert E Fusenig
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Differentiation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jean Michel Foidart
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CRCE, CBIG, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart Tilman, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CRCE, CBIG, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart Tilman, Liège B-4000, Belgium
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Steuber T, Kattan MW, Piironen T, Haese A, Huland H, Brunner N, Danø K, Høyer-Hansen G, Lilja H. 1491: Measurements of Urokinase Receptor Fractions and Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 in Serum Improves Discrimination of Men with Prostate Cancer from Men with no Evidence of Malignant Disease. J Urol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(18)35625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Starkl M, Brunner N, Grasser U, Moog O, Stagl S, Kärrman E, Wimmer J, Szewieczek R, Haberl R. Analysis and evaluation of methodologies to assess technical urban water systems. Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:43-51. [PMID: 16445172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports on the methodology and findings of a recent project on behalf of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management. The Ministry is seeking procedures for combining ecological and economic criteria to assess which technical urban water alternatives shall receive funding. To this end the current decision making process (DMP) for implementing urban water alternatives in Austria has been analyzed and compared with the situation elsewhere, e.g. in Sweden. The DMP entails specific requirements on assessment, whence the most common decision aid methodologies, ranging from LCA-based to multi-criteria methods, have been described and evaluated from an environmental, economic, legal and practical point of view, turning out recommendations to the Ministry. Their main points are: First the DMP should be kept as simple as possible in order to make it transparent. Second the aggregation of different criteria groups should and can be avoided. Therefore the stakeholders should not be allowed to make trade-offs. Finally clear objectives need to be stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Starkl
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Climate, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Zbinden S, Brunner N, Wustmann K, Billinger M, Meier B, Seiler C. Effect of statin treatment on coronary collateral flow in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart 2004; 90:448-9. [PMID: 15020529 PMCID: PMC1768172 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.017871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Schrohl AS, Christensen IJ, Pedersen AN, Jensen V, Mouridsen H, Murphy G, Foekens JA, Brunner N, Holten-Andersen MN. Tumor tissue concentrations of the proteinase inhibitors tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are complementary in determining prognosis in primary breast cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2003; 2:164-72. [PMID: 12672830 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m300019-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between tumor tissue levels of total tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and prognosis in patients with primary breast cancer and to analyze whether measurement of TIMP-1 in tumor extracts added prognostic information to that obtained from measurements of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). An established sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was thoroughly validated for the measurement of total TIMP-1 in tumor tissue extracts and used to determine levels of total TIMP-1 in 341 detergent-extracted tumor tissue samples from patients with primary breast cancer. The median age of the patients was 56 years (range, 29-75 years), and 164 were lymph node-negative, and 177 were lymph node-positive. The median follow-up time of the patients was 8.5 years (range, 7.3-11.3 years), and during follow-up 153 patients experienced recurrence of disease, and 136 patients died. In univariate survival analysis, we found a significant association between tumor tissue TIMP-1 level and both shorter recurrence-free survival (p = 0.0004) and shorter overall survival (p = 0.03). In multivariate survival analysis, higher tumor tissue TIMP-1 levels significantly and independently predicted shorter recurrence-free survival (p < 0.05, hazard ratios >1, comparing quartiles II-IV with I). In addition, we found that measurement of TIMP-1 levels added prognostic information to that obtained from measurement of PAI-1. In conclusion, high levels of TIMP-1 in tumor tissue extracts are significantly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with primary breast cancer. Furthermore TIMP-1 adds prognostic information to that obtained from PAI-1. However, further validation in independent data sets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Schrohl
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet dept. 8621, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Holten-Andersen MN, Brunner N, Christensen IJ, Jensen V, Nielsen HJ. Levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in blood transfusion components. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2003; 62:223-30. [PMID: 12088341 DOI: 10.1080/003655102317475489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Blood transfusion during surgery for solid tumors may reduce patient survival because of various bioactive substances present in blood preparations. The anti-proteolytic protein tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) present in large quantities in platelets has been shown to stimulate cell growth and to inhibit apoptosis and may therefore be considered to influence tumor progression. We measured TIMP-1 levels in blood transfusion preparations. especially in platelet-containing preparations, before and after leucofiltration and at different time-points during storage. The mean TIMP-1 levels in whole blood (WB) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were slightly reduced by leucofiltration; WB: 41.6 microg/L versus 34.9 microg/L. PRP: 139.8 microg/L versus 127.2 microg/L. However, with prestorage leucofiltration. TIMP-1 levels in buffy-coat-derived platelet (BCP) pools were significantly reduced from 134.2 microg/L to 102.2 microg/L (p=0.0013). In saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAG-M) blood preparations in which the platelet content is reduced by more than 99%,. TIMP-1 could not be detected. Extracellular TIMP-1 accumulated significantly in non-filtered WB and in aferesis platelet concentrates (APC), but TIMP-1 was at no time detectable in SAG-M blood during storage. In conclusion. TIMP-1 is present in various platelet-containing blood preparations, but not in platelet-free preparations such as SAG-M, indicating that most of the TIMP-1 measured in blood preparations originates from platelets. Furthermore, TIMP-1 levels increased during storage in preparations containing platelets. which suggests a continuous disintegration of platelets. These data imply that information on preoperative blood transfusions should be taken into account when evaluating plasma TIMP-1 levels in patients.
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Bajou K, Masson V, Gerard RD, Schmitt PM, Albert V, Praus M, Lund LR, Frandsen TL, Brunner N, Dano K, Fusenig NE, Weidle U, Carmeliet G, Loskutoff D, Collen D, Carmeliet P, Foidart JM, Noël A. The plasminogen activator inhibitor PAI-1 controls in vivo tumor vascularization by interaction with proteases, not vitronectin. Implications for antiangiogenic strategies. J Cell Biol 2001; 152:777-84. [PMID: 11266468 PMCID: PMC2195770 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.152.4.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen (Plg)/plasminogen activator (PA) system plays a key role in cancer progression, presumably via mediating extracellular matrix degradation and tumor cell migration. Consequently, urokinase-type PA (uPA)/plasmin antagonists are currently being developed for suppression of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Paradoxically, however, high levels of PA inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) are predictive of a poor prognosis for survival of patients with cancer. We demonstrated previously that PAI-1 promoted tumor angiogenesis, but by an unresolved mechanism. We anticipated that PAI-1 facilitated endothelial cell migration via its known interaction with vitronectin (VN) and integrins. However, using adenoviral gene transfer of PAI-1 mutants, we observed that PAI-1 promoted tumor angiogenesis, not by interacting with VN, but rather by inhibiting proteolytic activity, suggesting that excessive plasmin proteolysis prevents assembly of tumor vessels. Single deficiency of uPA, tissue-type PA (tPA), uPA receptor, or VN, as well as combined deficiencies of uPA and tPA did not impair tumor angiogenesis, whereas lack of Plg reduced it. Overall, these data indicate that plasmin proteolysis, even though essential, must be tightly controlled during tumor angiogenesis, probably to allow vessel stabilization and maturation. These data provide insights into the clinical paradox whereby PAI-1 promotes tumor progression and warrant against the uncontrolled use of uPA/plasmin antagonists as tumor angiogenesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bajou
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Véronique Masson
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Robert D. Gerard
- Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra M. Schmitt
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Valérie Albert
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael Praus
- Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leif R. Lund
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Brunner
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keld Dano
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Norbert E. Fusenig
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Differentiation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Loskutoff
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Desiré Collen
- Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Michel Foidart
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Matussek K, Moritz P, Brunner N, Eckerskorn C, Hensel R. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene encoding cyclic 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase, the key enzyme of cyclic 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate metabolism in Methanothermus fervidus. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:5997-6004. [PMID: 9811660 PMCID: PMC107676 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.22.5997-6004.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase (cDPGS) catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG) by formation of an intramolecular phosphoanhydride bond in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. cDPG is known to be accumulated to high intracellular concentrations (>300 mM) as a putative thermoadapter in some hyperthermophilic methanogens. For the first time, we have purified active cDPGS from a methanogen, the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanothermus fervidus, sequenced the coding gene, and expressed it in Escherichia coli. cDPGS purification resulted in enzyme preparations containing two isoforms differing in their electrophoretic mobility under denaturing conditions. Since both polypeptides showed the same N-terminal amino acid sequence and Southern analyses indicate the presence of only one gene coding for cDPGS in M. fervidus, the two polypeptides originate from the same gene but differ by a not yet identified modification. The native cDPGS represents a dimer with an apparent molecular mass of 112 kDa and catalyzes the reversible formation of the intramolecular phosphoanhydride bond at the expense of ATP. The enzyme shows a clear preference for the synthetic reaction: the substrate affinity and the Vmax of the synthetic reaction are a factor of 8 to 10 higher than the corresponding values for the reverse reaction. Comparison with the kinetic properties of the electrophoretically homogeneous, apparently unmodified recombinant enzyme from E. coli revealed a twofold-higher Vmax of the enzyme from M. fervidus in the synthesizing direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matussek
- FB 9 Mikrobiologie, Universität GH Essen, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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Bajou K, Noël A, Gerard RD, Masson V, Brunner N, Holst-Hansen C, Skobe M, Fusenig NE, Carmeliet P, Collen D, Foidart JM. Absence of host plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 prevents cancer invasion and vascularization. Nat Med 1998; 4:923-8. [PMID: 9701244 DOI: 10.1038/nm0898-923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acquisition of invasive/metastatic potential through protease expression is an essential event in tumor progression. High levels of components of the plasminogen activation system, including urokinase, but paradoxically also its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1), have been correlated with a poor prognosis for some cancers. We report here that deficient PAI1 expression in host mice prevented local invasion and tumor vascularization of transplanted malignant keratinocytes. When this PAI1 deficiency was circumvented by intravenous injection of a replication-defective adenoviral vector expressing human PAI1, invasion and associated angiogenesis were restored. This experimental evidence demonstrates that host-produced PAI is essential for cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bajou
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
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50
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Brunner N, Spang-Thomsen M, Cullen K. The T61 human breast cancer xenograft: an experimental model of estrogen therapy of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996; 39:87-92. [PMID: 8738608 DOI: 10.1007/bf01806080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is one of the principal treatment modalities of breast cancer, both in an adjuvant setting and in advanced disease. The T61 breast cancer xenograft described here provides an experimental model of the effects of estrogen treatment at a molecular level. T61 is an estrogen receptor positive tumor which was originally derived from a T1N0M0 invasive ductal cancer and has been carried as a serially transplanted xenograft in nude mice. T61 is a hormone sensitive tumor whose growth is suppressed by both estrogen and tamoxifen, in contrast to other estrogen receptor positive tumors such as MCF-7 which are stimulated by estrogen. Molecular studies have demonstrated that T61 expresses easily detectable levels of mRNA for a number of peptide growth factors, including transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), but not transforming growth factor beta-I (TGF-beta1). Of these, IGF-II is the only peptide whose expression is altered by endocrine therapy. Treatment of T61-bearing nude mice with physiologic doses of estrogen is accompanied by loss of IGF-II mRNA expression within 24 hours, and rapid regression of tumor. T61 tumor growth is also inhibited in animals treated with a monoclonal antibody which blocks binding of ligand to the IGF-I receptor, which mediates the mitogenic signal of bound IGF-II through autophosphorylation of its intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. These results demonstrate the utility of the T61 model in the study of the molecular mechanism of estrogen therapy in breast cancer, and suggest that in this system, modulation of a specific growth factor (IGF-II) by endocrine therapy can have profound effects on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Brunner
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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