Safety and immunogenicity of an autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine.
EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2000;
77:468-70. [PMID:
12862135]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To test the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of autoclaved L. major (ALM) vaccine mixed with BCG.
SETTING
Kala-azar endemic area of eastern Sudan.
DESIGN
This was a randomised, double blind and BCG controlled phase I/II study.
SUBJECTS
Eighty healthy volunteers (forty children and forty adults) with no past history of kala-azar, no reactivity to leishmanin antigen and with a reciprocal direct agglutination test (DAT) titre of <200 were recruited. Informed consents were obtained from volunteers or their guardians in case of children.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Conversion in the leishmanin skin and the DAT tests.
INTERVENTION
Two intra-dermal injections of either ALM+BCG or BCG alone. The injections were three weeks apart.
RESULTS
Side effects were minimal and confined to the injection site, with no significant difference between the ALM+BCG and the BCG alone groups. The leishmanin skin conversion was significantly higher in the ALM+BCG group compared to the BCG alone group (p<0.0005). Furthermore, the Leishmanin skin test conversion was significantly higher in children than adults (p<0.0005). One adult volunteer in the ALM+BCG group converted in both the Leishmanin skin and the DAT tests.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that two doses of ALM+BCG are safe and immunogenic, especially in children.
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