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Khera AV, Mason-Suares H, Brockman D, Wang M, VanDenburgh MJ, Senol-Cosar O, Patterson C, Newton-Cheh C, Zekavat SM, Pester J, Chasman DI, Kabrhel C, Jensen MK, Manson JE, Gaziano JM, Taylor KD, Sotoodehnia N, Post WS, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Lander ES, Rehm HL, Ng K, Philippakis A, Lebo M, Albert CM, Kathiresan S. Rare Genetic Variants Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death in Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:2623-2634. [PMID: 31727422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death occurs in ∼220,000 U.S. adults annually, the majority of whom have no prior symptoms or cardiovascular diagnosis. Rare pathogenic DNA variants in any of 49 genes can pre-dispose to 4 important causes of sudden cardiac death: cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, inherited arrhythmia syndrome, and aortopathy or aortic dissection. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the prevalence of rare pathogenic variants in sudden cardiac death cases versus controls, and the prevalence and clinical importance of such mutations in an asymptomatic adult population. METHODS The authors performed whole-exome sequencing in a case-control cohort of 600 adult-onset sudden cardiac death cases and 600 matched controls from 106,098 participants of 6 prospective cohort studies. Observed DNA sequence variants in any of 49 genes with known association to cardiovascular disease were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic by a clinical laboratory geneticist blinded to case status. In an independent population of 4,525 asymptomatic adult participants of a prospective cohort study, the authors performed whole-genome sequencing and determined the prevalence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants and prospective association with cardiovascular death. RESULTS Among the 1,200 sudden cardiac death cases and controls, the authors identified 5,178 genetic variants and classified 14 as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. These 14 variants were present in 15 individuals, all of whom had experienced sudden cardiac death-corresponding to a pathogenic variant prevalence of 2.5% in cases and 0% in controls (p < 0.0001). Among the 4,525 participants of the prospective cohort study, 41 (0.9%) carried a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant and these individuals had 3.24-fold higher risk of cardiovascular death over a median follow-up of 14.3 years (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Gene sequencing identifies a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in a small but potentially important subset of adults experiencing sudden cardiac death; these variants are present in ∼1% of asymptomatic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit V Khera
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Heather Mason-Suares
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Deanna Brockman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Minxian Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Martin J VanDenburgh
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ozlem Senol-Cosar
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Candace Patterson
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seyedeh M Zekavat
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Pester
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Kabrhel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Eric S Lander
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenney Ng
- Center for Computational Health, IBM Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony Philippakis
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Lebo
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christine M Albert
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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McGlaughon JL, Pasquali M, Wallace K, Ross J, Senol-Cosar O, Shen W, Weaver MA, Feigenbaum A, Lyon E, Enns GM, Mao R, Baudet HG. Assessing the strength of evidence for genes implicated in fatty acid oxidation disorders using the ClinGen clinical validity framework. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:122-128. [PMID: 31399326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening is an incredibly useful tool for the early identification of many metabolic disorders, including fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders. In many cases, molecular tests are necessary to reach a final diagnosis, highlighting the need for a thorough evaluation of genes implicated in FAO disorders. Using the ClinGen (Clinical Genome Resource) clinical validity framework, thirty genes were analyzed for the strength of evidence supporting their association with FAO disorders. Evidence was gathered from the literature by biocurators and presented to disease experts for review in order to assign a clinical validity classification of Definitive, Strong, Moderate, Limited, Disputed, Refuted, or No Reported Evidence. Of the gene-disease relationships evaluated, 22/30 were classified as Definitive, three as Moderate, one as Limited, three as No Reported Evidence and one as Disputed. Gene-disease relationships with a Limited, Disputed, and No Reported Evidence were found on two, six, and up to four panels out of 30 FAO disorder-specific panels, respectively, in the National Institute of Health Genetic Testing Registry, while over 70% of the genes on panels are definitively associated with an FAO disorder. These results highlight the need to systematically assess the clinical relevance of genes implicated in fatty acid oxidation disorders in order to improve the interpretation of genetic testing results and diagnosis of patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McGlaughon
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marzia Pasquali
- University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kathleen Wallace
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justyne Ross
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ozlem Senol-Cosar
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Meredith A Weaver
- American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annette Feigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Lyon
- University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gregory M Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rong Mao
- University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heather G Baudet
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Senol-Cosar O, Schmidt RJ, Qian E, Hoskinson D, Mason-Suares H, Funke B, Lebo MS. Considerations for clinical curation, classification, and reporting of low-penetrance and low effect size variants associated with disease risk. Genet Med 2019; 21:2765-2773. [PMID: 31147632 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinically relevant variants exhibit a wide range of penetrance. Medical practice has traditionally focused on highly penetrant variants with large effect sizes and, consequently, classification and clinical reporting frameworks are tailored to that variant type. At the other end of the penetrance spectrum, where variants are often referred to as "risk alleles," traditional frameworks are no longer appropriate. This has led to inconsistency in how such variants are interpreted and classified. Here, we describe a conceptual framework to begin addressing this gap. METHODS We used a set of risk alleles to define data elements that can characterize the validity of reported disease associations. We assigned weight to these data elements and established classification categories expressing confidence levels. This framework was then expanded to develop criteria for inclusion of risk alleles on clinical reports. RESULTS Foundational data elements include cohort size, quality of phenotyping, statistical significance, and replication of results. Criteria for determining inclusion of risk alleles on clinical reports include presence of clinical management guidelines, effect size, severity of the associated phenotype, and effectiveness of intervention. CONCLUSION This framework represents an approach for classifying risk alleles and can serve as a foundation to catalyze community efforts for refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Senol-Cosar
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Derick Hoskinson
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heather Mason-Suares
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Funke
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Veritas Genetics, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Matthew S Lebo
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Khera AV, Chaffin M, Wade KH, Zahid S, Brancale J, Xia R, Distefano M, Senol-Cosar O, Haas ME, Bick A, Aragam KG, Lander ES, Smith GD, Mason-Suares H, Fornage M, Lebo M, Timpson NJ, Kaplan LM, Kathiresan S. Polygenic Prediction of Weight and Obesity Trajectories from Birth to Adulthood. Cell 2019; 177:587-596.e9. [PMID: 31002795 PMCID: PMC6661115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe obesity is a rapidly growing global health threat. Although often attributed to unhealthy lifestyle choices or environmental factors, obesity is known to be heritable and highly polygenic; the majority of inherited susceptibility is related to the cumulative effect of many common DNA variants. Here we derive and validate a new polygenic predictor comprised of 2.1 million common variants to quantify this susceptibility and test this predictor in more than 300,000 individuals ranging from middle age to birth. Among middle-aged adults, we observe a 13-kg gradient in weight and a 25-fold gradient in risk of severe obesity across polygenic score deciles. In a longitudinal birth cohort, we note minimal differences in birthweight across score deciles, but a significant gradient emerged in early childhood and reached 12 kg by 18 years of age. This new approach to quantify inherited susceptibility to obesity affords new opportunities for clinical prevention and mechanistic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit V Khera
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kaitlin H Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Sohail Zahid
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Brancale
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rui Xia
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marina Distefano
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ozlem Senol-Cosar
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary E Haas
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexander Bick
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Krishna G Aragam
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Heather Mason-Suares
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Lebo
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Lee M Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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5
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Niehaus A, Azzariti DR, Harrison SM, DiStefano MT, Hemphill SE, Senol-Cosar O, Rehm HL. A survey assessing adoption of the ACMG-AMP guidelines for interpreting sequence variants and identification of areas for continued improvement. Genet Med 2019; 21:1699-1701. [PMID: 30670879 PMCID: PMC7233466 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Niehaus
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Danielle R Azzariti
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Harrison
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marina T DiStefano
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Hemphill
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ozlem Senol-Cosar
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Roth Flach RJ, DiStefano MT, Danai LV, Senol-Cosar O, Yawe JC, Kelly M, Garcia Menendez L, Czech MP. Map4k4 impairs energy metabolism in endothelial cells and promotes insulin resistance in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E303-E313. [PMID: 28611026 PMCID: PMC5625083 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00037.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood vasculature responds to insulin, influencing hemodynamic changes in the periphery, which promotes tissue nutrient and oxygen delivery and thus metabolic function. The lymphatic vasculature regulates fluid and lipid homeostasis, and impaired lymphatic function can contribute to atherosclerosis and obesity. Recent studies have suggested a role for endothelial cell (EC) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) in developmental angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as well as atherosclerosis. Here, we show that inducible EC Map4k4 deletion in adult mice ameliorates metabolic dysfunction in obesity despite the development of chylous ascites and a concomitant striking increase in adipose tissue lymphocyte content. Despite these defects, animals lacking endothelial Map4k4 were protected from skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction in obesity, and primary ECs lacking Map4k4 displayed reduced senescence and increased metabolic capacity. Thus endothelial Map4k4 has complex and opposing functions in the blood and lymphatic endothelium postdevelopment. Whereas blood endothelial Map4k4 promotes vascular dysfunction and impairs glucose homeostasis in adult animals, lymphatic endothelial Map4k4 is required to maintain lymphatic vascular integrity and regulate immune cell trafficking in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Roth Flach
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Marina T DiStefano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laura V Danai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Ozlem Senol-Cosar
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph C Yawe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lorena Garcia Menendez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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7
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DiStefano MT, Roth Flach RJ, Senol-Cosar O, Danai LV, Virbasius JV, Nicoloro SM, Straubhaar J, Dagdeviren S, Wabitsch M, Gupta OT, Kim JK, Czech MP. Adipocyte-specific Hypoxia-inducible gene 2 promotes fat deposition and diet-induced insulin resistance. Mol Metab 2016; 5:1149-1161. [PMID: 27900258 PMCID: PMC5123203 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adipose tissue relies on lipid droplet (LD) proteins in its role as a lipid-storing endocrine organ that controls whole body metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible Gene 2 (Hig2) is a recently identified LD-associated protein in hepatocytes that promotes hepatic lipid storage, but its role in the adipocyte had not been investigated. Here we tested the hypothesis that Hig2 localization to LDs in adipocytes promotes adipose tissue lipid deposition and systemic glucose homeostasis. Method White and brown adipocyte-deficient (Hig2fl/fl × Adiponection cre+) and selective brown/beige adipocyte-deficient (Hig2fl/fl × Ucp1 cre+) mice were generated to investigate the role of Hig2 in adipose depots. Additionally, we used multiple housing temperatures to investigate the role of active brown/beige adipocytes in this process. Results Hig2 localized to LDs in SGBS cells, a human adipocyte cell strain. Mice with adipocyte-specific Hig2 deficiency in all adipose depots demonstrated reduced visceral adipose tissue weight and increased glucose tolerance. This metabolic effect could be attributed to brown/beige adipocyte-specific Hig2 deficiency since Hig2fl/fl × Ucp1 cre+ mice displayed the same phenotype. Furthermore, when adipocyte-deficient Hig2 mice were moved to thermoneutral conditions in which non-shivering thermogenesis is deactivated, these improvements were abrogated and glucose intolerance ensued. Adipocyte-specific Hig2 deficient animals displayed no detectable changes in adipocyte lipolysis or energy expenditure, suggesting that Hig2 may not mediate these metabolic effects by restraining lipolysis in adipocytes. Conclusions We conclude that Hig2 localizes to LDs in adipocytes, promoting adipose tissue lipid deposition and that its selective deficiency in active brown/beige adipose tissue mediates improved glucose tolerance at 23 °C. Reversal of this phenotype at thermoneutrality in the absence of detectable changes in energy expenditure, adipose mass, or liver triglyceride suggests that Hig2 deficiency triggers a deleterious endocrine or neuroendocrine pathway emanating from brown/beige fat cells. Hig2 localizes to lipid droplets in adipocytes and promotes adipose tissue lipid deposition. Its selective deficiency in active brown/beige adipose tissue mediates improved glucose tolerance at 23 °C. Metabolic improvements are independent of changes in lipolysis.
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Key Words
- Adipocyte
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- FFA, free fatty acid
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- HFD, high fat diet
- Hig2, Hypoxia-inducible gene 2
- Hypoxia-inducible gene 2 (Hig2)
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- LD, lipid droplet
- Lipid droplet
- Lipolysis
- NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid
- Obesity
- RER, respiratory exchange ratio
- SGBS, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome
- SVF, stromal vascular fraction
- TG, triglyceride
- Ucp1, uncoupling protein 1
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- eWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue
- iWAT, inguinal white adipose tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina T DiStefano
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Rachel J Roth Flach
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ozlem Senol-Cosar
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joseph V Virbasius
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Juerg Straubhaar
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sezin Dagdeviren
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- From the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Olga T Gupta
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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8
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Senol-Cosar O, Flach RJR, DiStefano M, Chawla A, Nicoloro S, Straubhaar J, Hardy OT, Noh HL, Kim JK, Wabitsch M, Scherer PE, Czech MP. Tenomodulin promotes human adipocyte differentiation and beneficial visceral adipose tissue expansion. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10686. [PMID: 26880110 PMCID: PMC4757769 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of energy storage in adipose tissue is crucial for maintaining insulin sensitivity and molecules contributing to this process have not been fully revealed. Here we show that type II transmembrane protein tenomodulin (TNMD) is upregulated in adipose tissue of insulin-resistant versus insulin-sensitive individuals, who were matched for body mass index (BMI). TNMD expression increases in human preadipocytes during differentiation, whereas silencing TNMD blocks adipogenesis. Upon high-fat diet feeding, transgenic mice overexpressing Tnmd develop increased epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) mass, and preadipocytes derived from Tnmd transgenic mice display greater proliferation, consistent with elevated adipogenesis. In Tnmd transgenic mice, lipogenic genes are upregulated in eWAT, as is Ucp1 in brown fat, while liver triglyceride accumulation is attenuated. Despite expanded eWAT, transgenic animals display improved systemic insulin sensitivity, decreased collagen deposition and inflammation in eWAT, and increased insulin stimulation of Akt phosphorylation. Our data suggest that TNMD acts as a protective factor in visceral adipose tissue to alleviate insulin resistance in obesity. Expansion of visceral adipose tissue is usually associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disease. Here, the authors show that the membrane protein TNMD is upregulated in visceral fat of insulin resistant obese individuals and promotes healthy adipose tissue expansion through increasing adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Senol-Cosar
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Rachel J Roth Flach
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Marina DiStefano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Anil Chawla
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Sarah Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Juerg Straubhaar
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Olga T Hardy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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