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DNA acidification by citric acid and gallic acid: acid binding site and DNA structural dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:2389-2394. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1835730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2
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Abstract
β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) is a member of lipocalin superfamily of transporters for small hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. We located the binding sites of citric acid and gallic acid on β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in aqueous solution at physiological conditions, using spectroscopic methods, thermodynamic analysis and molecular modeling. Thermodynamic parameters ΔH0 -9.5 to -6.9 (kJ mol-1), ΔS0 23.9 to 13.6 (J mol-1K-1) and ΔG0 -14.5 to -13.6 (kJ mol-1) showed that acid binds protein via ionic contacts with gallic acid forming stronger protein conjugates consistent with theoretical modeling. Different amino acids are involved in gallic acid and citric acid complexation. Protein conformation was altered with reduction of β-sheet from 58% (free protein) to 46-43% and a major increase in α-helix from 11% (free protein) to 29-23% and random coil structure in the acid-protein, indicating a partial protein destabilization. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Binding efficacy of aminobenzoic acid derivatives with DNA duplex: drug binding sites and DNA structure and dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2278-2283. [PMID: 32151202 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1740792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Conjugation of citric acid and gallic acid with serum albumins: Acid binding sites and protein conformation. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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5
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Application and biomolecular study of functionalized folic acid-dendrimer nanoparticles in drug delivery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:787-794. [PMID: 31948357 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1717994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We determined the loading efficacy of folic acid - PAMAM - G3 and folic acid - PAMAM - G4 nanoparticles with doxorubicin (Dox), tamoxifen (Tam) and tetracycline (Tet) in aqueous solution at pH 7.2. Thermodynamic parameters ΔH0 -16 to -4 (kJ mol-1), ΔS0 31 to -0.3 (J mol-1K-1) and ΔG0 -14 to -11 (kJ mol-1) showed drug folic acid-PAMAM bindings are via ionic, H-bonding and van der Waals interactions. As acid - PAMAM size increased the stability and loading efficacy of drug-polymer conjugates were increased. The order of stability for drug-nanoparticles was doxorubicin > tetracycline > tamoxifen. TEM analysis showed major polymer morphological changes, upon drug encapsulation. Folic acid-PAMAM conjugates are effective drug delivery tools in vitro. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Biomolecular study and conjugation of two para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives with serum proteins: drug binding efficacy and protein structural analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:79-90. [PMID: 31980010 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1719889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two aminobenzoic acid derivatives DAB-0 and DAB-1 showed distinct biological properties on murine bladder cancer (BCa) cell line MB49-I. In contrast to DAB-1, DAB-0 does not possess any anti-inflammatory activity and is less toxic. Furthermore, DAB-0 does not interfere with INFγ-induced STAT1 activation and TNFα-induced IκB phosphorylation, while DAB-1 does. In order to rationalize these results, the binding efficacy of DAB-0 and DAB-1 with serum proteins such a human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) was investigated in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Multiple spectroscopic methods and thermodynamic analysis were used to determine the binding efficacy of DAB-0 and DAB-1 with serum proteins. Drug-protein conjugation was observed via through ionic contacts. DAB-1 forms stronger adducts than DAB-0, while β-LG shows more affinity with the order of stability β-LG > BSA > HSA. The stronger complexation of DAB-1 with serum proteins might account for its biological potential and transport in the blood. The binding efficacy ranged from 40 to 60%. Major alterations of protein secondary structures were detected upon drug complexation. Serum proteins are capable of delivering DAB-1 in vitro.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Conjugation of vitamin C with serum proteins: A potential application for vitamin delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:966-972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Complexation of cis-Pt and trans-Pt(NH 3) 2Cl 2 with serum proteins: A potential application for drug delivery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2777-2783. [PMID: 31402755 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1654408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbbreviationsHAShuman serum albuminBSAbovine serum albuminβ-LGbeta-lactoglobulincis-Pt and trans-PtPt(NH3)2Cl2FTIRFourier transform infraredCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Vitamin C binding efficacy with DNA and RNA. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Structural dynamics of DNA binding to tea catechins. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Abstract
AbbreviationsCcatechinECGepicatechin gallateEGCGEpigallocatechin gallateAAdenineCcytosineGGuanineUuracilFTIRFourier transform infraredCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Abstract
We report the binding of testo and testo-Pt(II) complexes (testosterone derivatives) with tRNA in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Thermodynamic parameter ΔH0 -8 to -3 (kJ mol-1), ΔS0 35 to 18 (J mol-1K-1) and ΔG0 -14 to -13 (kJ mol-1) and other spectroscopic results showed drug-tRNA binding occurs via ionic contacts with testo-Pt(II) forming more stable tRNA complexes in comparison to testo: Ktesto-Pt(II)-tRNA= 3.2 (± 0.9) × 105 M-1 > Ktesto-tRNA= 2.1 (± 0.7) × 105 M-1. Molecular modeling showed multiple binding sites for testo and testo-Pt(II) on tRNA molecule. Some of the useful molecular descriptors are calculated. Major structural changes were observed for biopolymers upon drug complexation, while tRNA remains in the A-family structures.
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Conjugation of testo and testo-Pt(II) with serum proteins: Loading efficacy and protein conformation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1112-1119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Binding efficacy of tRNA with folic acid-PAMAM nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:851-854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Encapsulation of micronutrients resveratrol, genistein, and curcumin by folic acid-PAMAM nanoparticles. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:157-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Design of functionalized folic acid–chitosan nanoparticles for delivery of tetracycline, doxorubicin, and tamoxifen. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:1000-1006. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1445559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are abundant micronutrients in our diet and paly major role in prevention of degenerative diseases. The binding efficacy of antioxidant polyphenols resveratrol, genistein, and curcumin with PAMAM-G3 and PAMAM-G4 nanoparticles was investigated in aqueous solution at physiological conditions, using multiple spectroscopic methods, TEM images, and docking studies. The polyphenol bindings are via hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and H-bonding contacts with resveratrol forming more stable conjugates. As PAMAM size increased the loading efficacy and the stability of polyphenol-polymer conjugates were increased. Polyphenol binding induced major alterations of dendrimer morphology. PAMAM nanoparticles are capable of delivery of polyphenols in vitro.
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Abstract
The binding efficacy of anticancer drugs doxorubicin and tamoxifen with polyamidoamine (PAMAM-G4) dendrimers was studied in aqueous solution at physiological pH. The results of multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and molecular modeling of conjugated drug–polymer were examined. Structural analysis showed that drug–polymer conjugation occurs mainly via H-bonding and hydrophilic and hydrophobic contacts. Doxorubicin forms a more stable conjugate with PAMAM-G4 than tamoxifen. The drug loading efficacy was 40%–50%. The TEM images showed major changes in the PAMAM morphology upon drug encapsulation. Modeling showed that drug is located in the polymer surface and in the internal cavities. PAMAM nanoparticles are capable of transporting doxorubicin and tamoxifen in vitro. This minireview presents the most recent work performed with the dendrimers demonstrating their usefulness for drug delivery in cancer therapy.
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PEG and mPEG-anthracene conjugate with trypsin and trypsin inhibitor: hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 35:2257-2268. [PMID: 27434220 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1214621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The conjugation of trypsin (try) and trypsin inhibitor (tryi) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) anthracene (mPEG-anthracene) was investigated in aqueous solution, using multiple spectroscopic methods, thermodynamic analysis, and molecular modeling. Thermodynamic parameters ΔS, ΔH, and ΔG showed protein-PEG bindings occur via H-bonding and van der Waals contacts with trypsin inhibitor forming more stable conjugate than trypsin. As polymer size increased more stable PEG-protein conjugate formed, while hydrophobic mPEG-anthracene forms less stable protein complexes. Modeling showed the presence of several H-bonding contacts between polymer and amino acids that stabilize protein-polymer conjugation. Polymer complexation induces more perturbations of trypsin inhibitor structure than trypsin with reduction of protein alpha-helix and major increase in random structures, indicating protein structural destabilization.
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tRNA conjugation with folic acid-chitosan conjugates. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:810-815. [PMID: 28735004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of tRNA with folic acid-chitosan conjugates was studied, using multiple spectroscopic methods and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermodynamic analysis ΔH -14 to -10 (KJMol-1) and ΔS 14 to -1 (JMol-1, K-1) showed tRNA-folic acid-chitosan bindings occur via H-bonding, hydrophobic and van der Waals contacts. The loading efficacy and the stability of tRNA conjugates were enhanced as folic acid-chitosan size increased. TEM analysis showed major tRNA morphological changes, upon folic acid-chitosan conjugation. No alteration of tRNA conformation was observed on conjugate formation. Folic acid-chitosan conjugates can deliver tRNA in vitro.
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Characterization of folic acid-PAMAM conjugates: drug loading efficacy and dendrimer morphology. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1918-1924. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1341339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Encapsulation of testosterone by chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:535-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Al cation induces aggregation of serum proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:234-240. [PMID: 28458192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Al cation is known to induce protein fibrillation and causes several neurodegenerative disorders. We report the spectroscopic, thermodynamic analysis and AFM imaging for the Al cation binding process with human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and milk beta-lactoglobulin (b-LG) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Hydrophobicity played a major role in Al-protein interactions with more hydrophobic b-LG forming stronger Al-protein complexes. Thermodynamic parameters ΔS, ΔH and ΔG showed Al-protein bindings occur via hydrophobic and H-bonding contacts for b-LG, while van der Waals and H-bonding interactions prevail in HSA and BSA adducts. AFM clearly indicated that aluminum cations are able to force BSA and b-LG into larger or more robust aggregates than HSA, with HSA 4±0.2 (SE, n=801) proteins per aggregate, for BSA 17±2 (SE, n=148), and for b-LG 12±3 (SE, n=151). Thioflavin T test showed no major protein fibrillation in the presence of Al cation. Al complexation induced major alterations of protein conformations with the order of perturbations b-LG>BSA>HSA.
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Trypsin and trypsin inhibitor bind milk beta-lactoglobulin: Protein–protein interactions and morphology. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:754-758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Aggregation of trypsin and trypsin inhibitor by Al cation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 169:7-12. [PMID: 28246055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Al cation may trigger protein structural changes such as aggregation and fibrillation, causing neurodegenerative diseases. We report the effect of Al cation on the solution structures of trypsin (try) and trypsin inhibitor (tryi), using thermodynamic analysis, UV-Visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic methods and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermodynamic parameters showed Al-protein bindings occur via H-bonding and van der Waals contacts for trypsin and trypsin inhibitor. AFM showed that Al cations are able to force trypsin into larger or more robust aggregates than trypsin inhibitor, with trypsin 5±1 SE (n=52) proteins per aggregate and for trypsin inhibitor 8.3±0.7 SE (n=118). Thioflavin T test showed no major protein fibrillation in the presence of Al cation. Al complexation induced more alterations of trypsin inhibitor conformation than trypsin.
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Testosterone and its dimers alter tRNA morphology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 134:269-274. [PMID: 27930994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of tRNA was studied upon conjugation with testosterone and its aliphatic and aromatic dimers, using multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling. Structural analysis showed that testosterone binds tRNA through A62, A64, C60, C61, C63, G51, U50 and U59 bases. The binding affinity was testosterone dimer-aromatic>testosterone dimer-aliphatic>testosterone. The steroid loading efficacy was 35-45%. Transmission electron microscopy showed major changes in tRNA morphology upon testosterone interaction with an increase in the diameter of the tRNA aggregate, indicating encapsulation of testosterone by tRNA.
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Protein conjugation with PAMAM nanoparticles: Microscopic and thermodynamic analysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 150:168-174. [PMID: 27914253 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PAMAM dendrimers form strong protein conjugates that are used in drug delivery systems. We report the thermodynamic and binding analysis of polyamidoamine (PAMAM-G4) conjugation with human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and milk beta-lactoglobulin (b-LG) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Hydrophobicity played a major role in PAMAM-protein interactions with more hydrophobic b-LG forming stronger polymer-protein conjugates. Thermodynamic parameters showed PAMAM-protein bindings occur via hydrophobic and H-bonding contacts for b-LG, while van der waals and H-bonding interactions prevail in HSA and BSA-polymer conjugates. The protein loading efficacy was 45-55%. PAMAM complexation induced major alterations of protein conformation. TEM images show major polymer morphological changes upon protein conjugation.
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Folic acid delivery by serum proteins: loading efficacy and protein morphology. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3499-3506. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1259589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Conjugation of chitosan nanoparticles with biogenic and synthetic polyamines: A delivery tool for antitumor polyamine analogues. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:665-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Conjugation of biogenic and synthetic polyamines with serum proteins: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:515-522. [PMID: 27431795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the conjugation of biogenic polyamines spermine (spm), spermidine (spmd) and synthetic polyamines 3,7,11,15-tetrazaheptadecane.4HCl (BE-333) and 3,7,11,15,19-pentazahenicosane.5HCl (BE-3333) with human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and milk beta-lactoglobulin (b-LG) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. The results of multiple spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling were analysed here and correlations between polyamine binding mode and protein structural changes were estabilished. Polyamine-protein bindings are mainly via hydrophilic and H-bonding contacts. BSA forms more stable conjugates than HSA and b-LG. Biogenic polyamines form more stable complexes than synthetic polyamines except in the case of b-LG, where the protein shows more hydrophobic character than HSA and BSA. The loading efficacies were 40-52%. Modeling showed the presence of several H-bonding systems, which stabilized polyamine-protein conjugates. Polyamine conjugation induced major alterations of serum protein conformations. The potential application of serum proteins in delivery of polyamines is evaluated here.
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Chitosan nanoparticles conjugate with trypsin and trypsin inhibitor. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:346-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Review on the delivery of steroids by carrier proteins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:184-91. [PMID: 27261699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the poor solubility of steroids in aqueous solution, delivery of these biomaterials is of major biomedical importance. We have reviewed the conjugation of testosterone and it aliphatic dimer and aromatic dimer with several carrier proteins, human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and milk beta-lactoglobulin (b-LG) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. The results of multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling were compared here. Steroid-protein bindings are via hydrophilic and H-bonding contacts. HSA forms more stable conjugate than BSA and b-LG. The stability of steroid-protein conjugates is testosterone>dimer-aromatic>dimer-aliphatic. Encapsulation of steroids by protein is shown by TEM images. Modeling showed the presence of H-bonding, which stabilized testosterone-protein complexes with the free binding energy of -12.95 for HSA and -11.55 for BSA and -8.92kcal/mol for b-LG conjugates. Steroid conjugation induced major perturbations of serum protein conformations. Serum proteins can transport steroids to the target molecules.
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Thermodynamic analysis of biogenic and synthetic polyamines conjugation with PAMAM-G4 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 155:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Polyamine–protein conjugates can be used as delivery tools to transport antitumor polyamine analogues.
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Trypsin and trypsin inhibitor bind PAMAM nanoparticles: Effect of hydrophobicity on protein–polymer conjugation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 461:419-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Conjugation of steroids with PAMAM nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:1035-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Transporting testosterone and its dimers by serum proteins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:173-83. [PMID: 26410041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A substantial part of steroids is bound to serum proteins in vivo. We report the association of testosterone and it aliphatic dimer (alip) and aromatic dimer (arom) with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling were used to characterize steroid-protein binding and protein aggregation process. Spectroscopic analysis showed that steroids bind protein via hydrophobic, hydrophilic and H-bonding interactions. HSA forms more stable complexes than BSA. The binding affinity of steroid-protein adducts is testosterone>dimer-aromatic>dimer-aliphatic. Transmission electron microscopy showed major changes in protein morphology as steroid-protein complexation occurred with increase in the diameter of the protein aggregate indicating encapsulation of steroids by serum proteins. Modeling showed the presence of H-bonding stabilized testosterone-protein complexes with the free binding energy of -12.95 for HSA and -11.55 kcal/mol for BSA, indicating that the interaction process is spontaneous at room temperature. Steroid complexation induced more perturbations of BSA conformation than HSA.
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Encapsulation of testosterone and its aliphatic and aromatic dimers by milk beta-lactoglobulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:153-60. [PMID: 25725333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of testosterone and it aliphatic dimer (alip) and aromatic dimer (arom) with milk β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) was studied in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. Multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling were used to characterize testosterone-β-LG binding and protein aggregation process. Spectroscopic analysis showed that steroids bind β-LG via hydrophobic and H-bonding interactions with overall binding constants K test-β-LG = 5.6 (± 0.6) × 10(4)M(-1), K test-dimeralip-β-LG = 4.8 (± 0.5) × 10(3)M(-1) and K test-dimer-arom-β-LG = 2.9 (± 0.4) × 10(4)M(-1). The binding affinity was testosterone > testosterone dimer-aromatic > testosterone dimer-aliphatic. Transmission electron microscopy showed major changes in protein morphology as testosterone-protein complexation occurred with increase in the diameter of the protein aggregate indicating encapsulation of steroids by β-LG. Modeling showed the presence of H-bonding stabilized testosterone-β-LG complexes with the free binding energy of -9.82 Kcal/mol indicating that the interaction process is spontaneous at room temperature.
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Abstract
We report the binding of milk β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) with PEG-3000, PEG-6000 and methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) anthracene (mPEG-anthracene) in aqueous solution at pH 7.4, using multiple spectroscopic methods, thermodynamic analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling.
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Abstract
We have reviewed the binding affinities of several antitumor drugs doxorubicin (Dox), N-(trifluoroacetyl) doxorubicin (FDox), tamoxifen (Tam), 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-Hydroxytam), and endoxifen (Endox) with chitosan nanoparticles of different sizes (chitosan-15, chitosan-100, and chitosan-200 KD) in order to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. Spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies showed the binding sites and the stability of drug-polymer complexes. Drug-chitosan complexation occurred via hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts as well as H-bonding network. Chitosan-100 KD was the more effective drug carrier than the chitosan-15 and chitosan-200 KD.
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