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Oliver C, Freyer J, Murdoch M, De Lloyd L, Jenkins PV, Collis R, Collins PW. A description of the coagulopathy characteristics in amniotic fluid embolism: a case report. Int J Obstet Anesth 2022; 51:103573. [PMID: 35842347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid embolism is frequently associated with coagulopathy. However, the exact nature and evolution of the bleeding disorder is incompletely understood. We report a case of clinically diagnosed amniotic fluid embolism associated with major haemorrhage and coagulopathy. We measured sequential levels of all individual clotting factors, thrombin generation, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels over the course of the event, beginning shortly after the patient's initial collapse and during the subsequent resuscitation, to identify the specific abnormalities of coagulation from stored blood samples. A better understanding of amniotic fluid embolism and the associated coagulopathy is an important area of research to inform targeted treatment of the coagulopathy and improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliver
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
| | - J Freyer
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Murdoch
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - L De Lloyd
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - P V Jenkins
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Collis
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - P W Collins
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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2
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Bell SF, Collis RE, Bailey C, James K, John M, Kelly K, Kitchen T, Scarr C, Macgillivray E, Collins PW. Corrigendum to "The incidence, aetiology, and coagulation management of massive postpartum haemorrhage: a two-year national prospective cohort study" [Int J Obstet Anesth 2021;47:102983]. Int J Obstet Anesth 2022; 51:103549. [PMID: 35623997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S F Bell
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK.
| | - R E Collis
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Bailey
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan, UK
| | - K James
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - M John
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - K Kelly
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan, UK
| | - T Kitchen
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Scarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - P W Collins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Bell SF, Roberts TCD, Freyer Martins Pereira J, De Lloyd L, Amir Z, James D, Jenkins PV, Collis RE, Collins PW. The sensitivity and specificity of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to detect coagulopathy during moderate and severe postpartum haemorrhage: a prospective observational study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 49:103238. [PMID: 34840018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Point-of-care viscoelastic haemostatic assays such as rotational thromboelastometry (including ROTEM and TEG) have been used in the management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). This study compared results obtained from the automated ROTEM Sigma with laboratory tests of coagulation and platelet count during PPH. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study recruited women with PPH ≥1000 mL (or clinical concern of bleeding). The Fibtem A5, Extem CT and Pltem (Extem A5 - Fibtem A5) results were compared with laboratory tests of fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelet count. RESULTS 521 women were recruited, including 274/277 (98.9%) of women with PPH ≥1500 mL. Fibtem A5 results were matched with laboratory fibrinogen in 552/644 (85.7%) samples. The incidence of abnormal laboratory results was low: fibrinogen ≤2 g/L 23/464 (5.0%), PT or APTT >1.5 × midpoint of reference range 4/464 (0.9%), and platelet count <75 × 109/L 11/477 (2.3%). Area-under- the-receiver operator characteristic curve for Fibtem A5 to detect fibrinogen ≤2 g/L was 0.96 (95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 0.94 to 0.98, P<0.001), with sensitivity and specificity of Fibtem A5 ≤11 mm to detect fibrinogen ≤2 g/L of 0.76 and 0.96. Prolonged Extem CT results improved after treatment of hypofibrinogenaemia alone. Intervention points for platelet and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion based on ROTEM Sigma parameters could not be established. CONCLUSION During PPH (≥1000 mL or cases of clinical concern about bleeding), ROTEM Sigma Fibtem A5 can detect fibrinogen ≤2 g/L and guide targeted fibrinogen replacement. Laboratory results should continue to be used to guide platelet and FFP transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Bell
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK.
| | - T C D Roberts
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - L De Lloyd
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Z Amir
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - D James
- Department of Maternity, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - P V Jenkins
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - R E Collis
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - P W Collins
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Roberts TCD, De Lloyd L, Bell SF, Cohen L, James D, Ridgway A, Jenkins V, Field V, Collis RE, Collins PW. Utility of viscoelastography with TEG 6s to direct management of haemostasis during obstetric haemorrhage: a prospective observational study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 47:103192. [PMID: 34144351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TEG 6s is an automated cartridge-based device with limited description of use in obstetric haemorrhage. The aim of this analysis was to describe the utility of TEG 6s in identifying abnormal laboratory results of coagulation and platelet count, and inform an interventional treatment algorithm for postpartum haemorrhage. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study of 521 women with moderate to severe obstetric haemorrhage (>1000 mL blood loss), including 372 women with at least one TEG 6s test. A non-pregnant control group was used for reference. TEG 6s test parameters Citrated Functional Fibrinogen (CFF), Citrated Kaolin TEG (CK) and Citrated Rapid TEG (CRT) were compared with paired laboratory tests of fibrinogen, PT/aPTT and platelet count, obtained during haemorrhage. RESULTS Among 456 TEG 6s tests, 389 were matched with laboratory coagulation results. The receiver operator characteristic area-under-the-curve (95% CI) for CFF amplitude by 10 min to detect Clauss fibrinogen ≤2 g/L was 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99) (P<0.0001, sensitivity 0.74 and specificity 0.97 at ≤17 mm). False positives had median (IQR) Clauss fibrinogen of 2.4 (2.3-2.7) g/L. The CK-R time had some utility for detecting prolonged PT/aPTT, however a threshold for fresh frozen plasma transfusion was not established. A CRT maximum amplitude <57 mm, when CFF was ≥15 mm, identified four of eight samples with platelet count <75 × 109/L. CONCLUSION The TEG 6s CFF can be used to identify low fibrinogen during obstetric haemorrhage. A value to identify transfusion thresholds for PT/aPTT and platelets was not established, and laboratory results should continue to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C D Roberts
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - L De Lloyd
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - S F Bell
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - L Cohen
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - D James
- Midwifery, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - A Ridgway
- Midwifery, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - V Jenkins
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - V Field
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - R E Collis
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, UK
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Bell SF, Collis RE, Bailey C, James K, John M, Kelly K, Kitchen T, Scarr C, Macgillivray E, Collins PW. The incidence, aetiology, and coagulation management of massive postpartum haemorrhage: a two-year national prospective cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 47:102983. [PMID: 33994274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Between 2017 and 2018 a national quality improvement initiative was introduced incorporating point-of-care viscoelastic haemostatic assays (VHA) to guide blood product transfusion. Laboratory coagulation profiles, use and results of VHA, and administration of blood products were investigated. METHODS A two-year prospective cohort study of maternal outcomes of women experiencing massive postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) >1000 mL in Wales. In this study, cases of massive PPH (≥2500 mL and/or ≥5 units red blood cell (RBC) transfusion) were identified. RESULTS Massive PPH occurred in 349 of 60 914 maternities (rate 5.7 per 1000). There were no deaths from PPH. Intensive care unit admission and/or hysterectomy occurred in 34/311 (10.9%) and 16/347 (4.6%), respectively. The leading cause of massive PPH was genital tract trauma (107/349, 30.6%). Two hundred and seventy-nine (80.6%) required RBC transfusion and 79/345 (22.9%) received at least one blood coagulation product. Results of VHA were recorded in 245/349 (70.2%), with 44/98 (44.9%) women tested in the first six months vs 63/77 (81.8%) in the final six months. Hypofibrinogenaemia (Clauss fibrinogen <2 g/L or FIBTEM A5 <12 mm) was observed in 56/328 (17.1%) of women, thrombocytopaenia (count <75 × 109/L) in 17/334 (5.1%) and either PT or aPTT >1.5×reference range in 10/293 (3.4%). CONCLUSION In Wales, the use of VHA in cases of massive PPH increased over time, enabling clinicians to adopt a targeted, patient-specific approach to blood product administration, with only 22.9% of women receiving blood coagulation products and 17.1% having a documented clotting abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Bell
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK.
| | - R E Collis
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Bailey
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan, UK
| | - K James
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - M John
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - K Kelly
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan, UK
| | - T Kitchen
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Scarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - P W Collins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Powell E, James D, Collis R, Collins PW, Pallmann P, Bell S. Introduction of standardized, cumulative quantitative measurement of blood loss into routine maternity care. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:1491-1497. [PMID: 32366138 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1759534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal morbidity in the UK. Visual estimation of blood loss is unreliable yet remains common practice. As part of a national quality improvement project to improve care during PPH, standardized, quantitative measurement of blood loss (QBL) for all deliveries was introduced into a tertiary obstetric unit in Cardiff, Wales.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 875 consecutive maternities between December 2017 and February 2018 was undertaken. Of these, 372 mothers had both pre- and post-partum hemoglobin (Hb) were recorded. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between change in Hb adjusted for red cell transfusion and QBL.Results: The correlation coefficient between QBL and adjusted change in Hb for all deliveries (n = 372) was 0.57. This corresponded to an estimated fall of adjusted change in Hb of 15.3 g/L (95% CI: 13.1, 17.6) per 1000 mL blood loss.Discussion: QBL has been shown to be reliable across all maternity settings, with reproducible results in theater and delivery rooms (on the obstetric unit and alongside midwifery-led unit). QBL is moderately correlated with adjusted change in Hb for all volumes of bleeding and gives clinicians more accurate knowledge of blood loss than visual estimation. This low-cost, low-fidelity intervention can influence the timely escalation of clinical care and therefore patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Powell
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - D James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Collis
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - P W Collins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - P Pallmann
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Bell
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
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Collins PW, Liesner R, Makris M, Talks K, Chowdary P, Chalmers E, Hall G, Riddell A, Percy CL, Hay CR, Hart DP. Treatment of bleeding episodes in haemophilia A complicated by a factor VIII inhibitor in patients receiving Emicizumab. Interim guidance from UKHCDO Inhibitor Working Party and Executive Committee. Haemophilia 2018; 24:344-347. [PMID: 30070072 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Emicizumab is a bispecific antibody that activates FX to FXa in the absence of FVIII. It has been shown to reduce bleeding episodes in people with haemophilia A complicated by a FVIII inhibitor. Despite the protection against bleeds, some breakthrough bleeds are inevitable and these may require additional haemostatic treatment. Emicizumab has been associated with severe adverse events when co-administered with activated prothrombin complex concentrate. To minimize the risk of adverse events, the UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation issues the following updated interim guidance to its Inhibitor Guidelines for managing patients receiving Emicizumab based on the limit published information available in February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Liesner
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Makris
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Talks
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - E Chalmers
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Hall
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - C L Percy
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - C R Hay
- Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK
| | - D P Hart
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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Preijers T, Hazendonk HCAM, Liesner R, Chowdary P, Driessens MHE, Hart D, Keeling D, Laros-van Gorkom BAP, van der Meer FJM, Meijer K, Fijnvandraat K, Leebeek FWG, Collins PW, Cnossen MH, Mathôt RAA. Population pharmacokinetics of factor IX in hemophilia B patients undergoing surgery. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:2196-2207. [PMID: 30394056 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Factor IX (FIX) dosing using body weight frequently results in under and overdosing during surgery. We aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model describing the perioperative FIX levels. Population PK parameter values for clearance and V1 were 284 mL h-170 kg-1 and 5450 mL70 kg-1. Perioperative PK parameters differ from those during non-surgical prophylactic treatment. SUMMARY: Background Hemophilia B is a bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency of coagulation factor IX (FIX). In the perioperative setting, patients receive FIX concentrates to ensure hemostasis. Although FIX is usually dosed according to bodyweight, under- and overdosing occurs frequently during surgery. Aim The objective was to quantify and explain the interpatient variability of perioperatively administered plasma-derived (pd) and recombinant (r) FIX concentrates. Methods Data were collected from 118 patients (median age, 40 years [range, 0.2-90]; weight, 79 kg [range, 5.3-132]) with moderate (28%) or severe hemophilia B (72%), undergoing 255 surgical procedures. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were estimated using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling in NONMEM. Results Measured perioperative FIX level vs. time profiles were adequately described using a three-compartment PK model. For a typical 34-year-old patient receiving rFIX, clearance (CL), intercompartmental clearance (Q2, Q3), distribution volume of the central compartment (V1) and peripheral compartments (V2, V3) plus interpatient variability (%CV) were: CL, 284 mL h-170 kg-1 (18%); V1, 5450 mL70 kg-1 (19%); Q2, 110 mL h-170 kg-1; V2, 4800 mL70 kg-1; Q3, 1610 mL h-170 kg-1; V3, 2040 mL70 kg-1. From 0.2 years, CL and V1 decreased 0.89% and 1.15% per year, respectively, until the age of 34 years. Patients receiving pdFIX exhibited a lower CL (11%) and V1 (17%) than patients receiving rFIX. Interpatient variability was successfully quantified and explained. Conclusions The estimated perioperative PK parameters of both pdFIX and rFIX are different from those reported for prophylactic treatment. The developed model may be used to apply PK-guided dosing of FIX concentrates during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Preijers
- Hospital Pharmacy-Clinical Pharmacology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H C A M Hazendonk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Liesner
- Great Ormond Street Haemophilia Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - P Chowdary
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - M H E Driessens
- Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society (NVHP), Nijkerk, the Netherlands
| | - D Hart
- Department of Haematology, The Royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - D Keeling
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - F J M van der Meer
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - K Meijer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - K Fijnvandraat
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F W G Leebeek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M H Cnossen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R A A Mathôt
- Hospital Pharmacy-Clinical Pharmacology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mathias MC, Collins PW, Palmer BP, Chalmers E, Alamelu J, Richards M, Will A, Hay CRM. The immunogenicity of ReFacto AF (moroctocog alfa AF-CC) in previously untreated patients with haemophilia A in the United Kingdom. Haemophilia 2018; 24:896-901. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Mathias
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - P. W. Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - B. P. Palmer
- The UK National Haemophilia Database; Manchester UK
| | | | - J. Alamelu
- The Evelina Children's Hospital; London UK
| | | | - A. Will
- Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester UK
| | - C. R. M. Hay
- University Department of Haematology; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester UK
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Hazendonk HCAM, Preijers T, Liesner R, Chowdary P, Hart D, Keeling D, Driessens MHE, Laros-van Gorkom BAP, van der Meer FJM, Meijer K, Fijnvandraat K, Leebeek FWG, Mathôt RAA, Collins PW, Cnossen MH. Perioperative replacement therapy in haemophilia B: An appeal to "B" more precise. Haemophilia 2018; 24:611-618. [PMID: 29707861 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor IX (FIX) and characterized by bleeding in muscles and joints. In the perioperative setting, patients are treated with FIX replacement therapy to secure haemostasis. Targeting of specified FIX levels is challenging and requires frequent monitoring and adjustment of therapy. AIM To evaluate perioperative management in haemophilia B, including monitoring of FIX infusions and observed FIX levels, whereby predictors of low and high FIX levels were assessed. METHODS In this international multicentre study, haemophilia B patients with FIX < 0.05 IU mL-1 undergoing elective, minor or major surgical procedures between 2000 and 2015 were included. Data were collected on patient, surgical and treatment characteristics. Observed FIX levels were compared to target levels as recommended by guidelines. RESULTS A total of 255 surgical procedures were performed in 118 patients (median age 40 years, median body weight 79 kg). Sixty percent of FIX levels within 24 hours of surgery were below target with a median difference of 0.22 IU mL-1 [IQR 0.12-0.36]; while >6 days after surgery, 59% of FIX levels were above target with a median difference of 0.19 IU mL-1 [IQR 0.10-0.39]. Clinically relevant bleeding complications (necessity of a second surgical intervention or red blood cell transfusion) occurred in 7 procedures (2.7%). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that targeting of FIX levels in the perioperative setting is complex and suboptimal, but although this bleeding is minimal. Alternative dosing strategies taking patient and surgical characteristics as well as pharmacokinetic principles into account may help to optimize and individualize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C A M Hazendonk
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Preijers
- Hospital Pharmacy - Clinical Pharmacology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Liesner
- Great Ormond Street Haemophilia Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS trust, London, UK
| | - P Chowdary
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Hart
- Department of Haematology, The Royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - D Keeling
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M H E Driessens
- Netherlands Haemophilia Patient Society (NVHP), Nijkerk, The Netherlands
| | | | - F J M van der Meer
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Meijer
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Fijnvandraat
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F W G Leebeek
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A A Mathôt
- Hospital Pharmacy - Clinical Pharmacology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M H Cnossen
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Chalmers EA, Alamelu J, Collins PW, Mathias M, Payne J, Richards M, Tunstall O, Williams M, Palmer B, Mumford A. Intracranial haemorrhage in children with inherited bleeding disorders in the UK 2003-2015: A national cohort study. Haemophilia 2018; 24:641-647. [PMID: 29635852 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracranial haemorrhage in children with inherited bleeding disorders is a potentially life-threatening complication and presents a significant therapeutic challenge. AIM To define the characteristics, management and outcomes of intracranial haemorrhage presenting in UK children ≤16 years of age with inherited bleeding disorders from 2003 to 2015. METHOD Retrospective analysis of children treated at UK haemophilia centres. RESULTS Of 66 children presenting with Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), 82% had haemophilia A or B, 3% VWD and 15% a rare IBD. The IBD was a severe phenotype in 91%. The rates of ICH were 6.4 and 4.2 per 1000 patient years for haemophilia A and B, respectively. Median age at presentation was 4 months (33% neonates; 91% children <2 years of age). In neonates, delivery was spontaneous vaginal (SV) in 11, instrumental in 6, caesarean in 4 and unknown in 1. In children with haemophilia, the risk of ICH after instrumental delivery was 10.6 times greater than after SV delivery. Trauma was more common in children >2 years (67%) than in children 1 month to 2 years (18%; P = .027). Prior to ICH, only 4.5% of children were on prophylaxis. 6% of haemophiliacs had an inhibitor. The median duration of initial replacement therapy was 15 days. Mortality was 13.5%. Neurological sequelae occurred in 39% of survivors, being more common following intracerebral bleeding. In haemophilia survivors, 52% subsequently developed a FVIII inhibitor. CONCLUSION Intracranial haemorrhage occurs most frequently in children with severe IBDs, during the first 2 years of life and in children not receiving prophylaxis. Intracranial haemorrhage often occurs without documented trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Chalmers
- Department of Haematology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Alamelu
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - P W Collins
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Mathias
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Payne
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Richards
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - O Tunstall
- Bristol Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - M Williams
- Haemophilia Centre, Birmingham Childrens' Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - B Palmer
- The National Haemophilia Database, Manchester, UK
| | - A Mumford
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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12
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Mangles S, Rea C, Madan B, Nielsen EI, Jönsson S, Needham J, Collins PW, Rangarajan S. Real life experiences of a PK dosing study-Challenges and lessons learned. Haemophilia 2018; 24:e145-e148. [PMID: 29626381 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Mangles
- Haemophilia, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK
| | - C Rea
- Haemophilia, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK
| | - B Madan
- Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - E I Nielsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Jönsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Needham
- Haemophilia, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK
| | - P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Rangarajan
- Haemophilia, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK
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13
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Hazendonk HCAM, van Moort I, Mathôt RAA, Fijnvandraat K, Leebeek FWG, Collins PW, Cnossen MH. Setting the stage for individualized therapy in hemophilia: What role can pharmacokinetics play? Blood Rev 2018; 32:265-271. [PMID: 29426727 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates (CFC) is the mainstay of treatment in hemophilia. Its widespread application has led to a dramatic decrease in morbidity and mortality in patients, with concomitant improvement of quality of life. However, dosing is challenging and costs are high. This review discusses benefits and limitations of pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided dosing of replacement therapy as an alternative for current dosing regimens. Dosing of CFC is now primarily based on body weight and based on its in vivo recovery (IVR). Benefits of PK-guided dosing include individualization of treatment with better targeting, more flexible blood sampling, increased insight into association of coagulation factor levels and bleeding, and potential overall lowering of overall costs. Limitations include a slight burden for the patient, and availability of closely collaborating, experienced clinical pharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C A M Hazendonk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I van Moort
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A A Mathôt
- Hospital Pharmacy - Clinical Pharmacology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Fijnvandraat
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F W G Leebeek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P W Collins
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - M H Cnossen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Jenkins PV, Gaucher C, Meriane E, Collins PW, Pasi KJ, Mazurier C, Hilbert L. Type 2M vWD Resulting from a Lysine Deletion within a Four Lysine Residue Repeat in the A1 Loop of von Willebrand Factor. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1613995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryType 1 von Willebrand disease is characterized by a decreased plasma concentration of functionally normal von Willebrand factor (vWF) whereas type 2M is characterised by an abnormal vWF displaying decreased affinity for platelets. In these two types of patients, the multimeric structure of vWF is normal.We report here the identification, in two unrelated families from the UK and Algeria, of an in-frame 3 bp deletion, at the heterozygous state, resulting in the deletion of a lysine residue within a four lysine repeat at position 642-645 of the mature vWF subunit (del K1405-1408 in prepro vWF). The patients who have a discrepancy between vWF antigen level and vWF ristocetin cofactor activity exhibited decreased ristocetin-induced binding but only a slight decrease in the percentage of high molecular weight (HMW) multimers in plasma.Recombinant vWF harbouring this deletion did not bind to platelet GPIb in the presence of ristocetin or botrocetin although the protein is multimerized. Consequently, this lysine deletion was considered as a type 2M vWD mutation.
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15
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Bowen DJ, Bowley S, John M, Collins PW. Factor V Leiden (G1691A), the Prothrombin 3’-Untranslated Region Variant (G20210A) and Thermolabile Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (C677T): A Single Genetic Test Genotypes all Three Loci – Determination of Frequencies in the S. Wales Population of the UK. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
SummarySimultaneous genetic diagnosis of factor V (FV) Leiden (G1691A), the prothrombin variant (G20210A) and the thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variant (C677T) has been achieved using multiplex heteroduplex analysis. All three loci are amplified in a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) containing test DNA and three heteroduplex generators, respectively detecting the three nucleotide substitutions. After PCR, the products are analysed directly without further manipulation and the resulting heteroduplex profiles permit straightforward interpretation of the respective genotypes. The multiplex test has been used to assess the prevalence and allele frequency of each of the three nucleotide substitutions in 300 individuals (150 males and 150 females) from the local (S. Wales) population. A prevalence of 8% and an allele frequency of 0.040 ± 0.015 (95% confidence interval) was obtained for FV Leiden; the prothrombin variant showed a prevalence of 1% and an allele frequency of 0.007 ± 0.006 (95% confidence interval); the MTHFR mutation showed a prevalence of 60% and an allele frequency of 0.377 ± 0.039 (95% confidence interval). This method is applicable to investigation of large cohorts of patients with arterial or venous thrombotic disease.
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16
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Collins PW, Quon DVK, Makris M, Chowdary P, Kempton CL, Apte SJ, Ramanan MV, Hay CRM, Drobic B, Hua Y, Babinchak TJ, Gomperts ED. Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of a recombinant factor IX product, trenonacog alfa in previously treated haemophilia B patients. Haemophilia 2017; 24:104-112. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. W. Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre; School of Medicine Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - D. V. K. Quon
- Hemophilia Treatment Center; Orthopaedic Hospital; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - M. Makris
- Department of Haematology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield UK
| | - P. Chowdary
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Care and Thrombosis Unit; Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust; London UK
| | - C. L. Kempton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Emory University; Atlanta GA USA
| | | | - M. V. Ramanan
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre; Jehangir Hospital; Pune India
| | - C. R. M. Hay
- Manchester Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre; Manchester UK
| | - B. Drobic
- Clinical Research; Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc.; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Y. Hua
- Clinical Research; Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc.; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - T. J. Babinchak
- Clinical Development and Medical Affairs; Emergent BioSolutions Inc.; Berwyn IL USA
| | - E. D. Gomperts
- Consultant for Emergent BioSolutions Inc.; Montrose CO USA
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17
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Hay CRM, Xiang H, Scott M, Collins PW, Liesner R, Dolan G, Hollingsworth R. The haemtrack home therapy reporting system: Design, implementation, strengths and weaknesses: A report from UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors Organisation. Haemophilia 2017; 23:728-735. [PMID: 28806858 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haemtrack is an electronic home treatment diary for patients with inherited bleeding disorders, introduced in 2008. It aimed to improve the timeliness and completeness of patient-reported treatment records, to facilitate analysis of treatment and outcome trends. The system is easy to use, responsive and accessible. METHODS The software uses Microsoft technologies with a SQL Server database and an ASP.net website front-end, running on personal computers, android and I-phones. Haemtrack interfaces with the UK Haemophilia Centre Information System and the National Haemophilia Database (NHD). Data are validated locally by Haemophilia Centres and centrally by NHD. Data collected include as follows: treatment brand, dose and batch number, time/date of bleed onset and drug administration, reasons for treatment (prophylaxis, bleed, follow-up), bleed site, severity, pain-score and outcome. RESULTS Haemtrack was used by 90% of haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) in 2015, registering 2683 patients using home therapy of whom 1923 used Haemtrack, entering >17 000 treatments per month. This included 68% of all UK patients with severe haemophilia A. Reporting compliance varied and 55% of patients reported ≥75% of potential usage. Centres had a median 78% compliance overall. A strategy for progressively improving compliance is in place. Age distribution and treatment intensity were similar in Haemtrack users/non-users with severe haemophilia treated prophylactically. CONCLUSION The Haemtrack system is a valuable tool that may improve treatment compliance and optimize treatment regimen. Analysis of national treatment trends and large-scale longitudinal, within-patient analysis of changes in regimen and/or product will provide valuable insights that will guide future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R M Hay
- University Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.,UK National Haemophilia Database, Manchester, UK
| | - H Xiang
- UK National Haemophilia Database, Manchester, UK
| | - M Scott
- UK National Haemophilia Database, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P W Collins
- Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Liesner
- The Haemophilia Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Dolan
- Thrombosis and Haemostasis Centre, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UJ
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18
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Trickey RC, Percy C, Jenkins PV, Harris R, Loran C, Collins PW. Experience of immune tolerance in a carrier of severe haemophilia A with inhibitor development post-surgery. Haemophilia 2017; 23:e234-e235. [PMID: 28370910 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R C Trickey
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Percy
- Haemophilia Centre, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, Swansea, UK
| | - P V Jenkins
- Haemophilia Centre, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, Swansea, UK
| | - R Harris
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Loran
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK.,Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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19
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Heurich M, Preston RJS, O'Donnell VB, Morgan BP, Collins PW. Thrombomodulin enhances complement regulation through strong affinity interactions with factor H and C3b-Factor H complex. Thromb Res 2016; 145:84-92. [PMID: 27513882 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coagulation and complement systems are simultaneously activated at sites of tissue injury, leading to thrombin generation and opsonisation with C3b. Thrombomodulin (TM) is a cell-bound regulator of thrombin activation, but can also enhance the regulatory activity of complement factor H (FH), thus accelerating the degradation of C3b into inactive iC3b. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the biophysical interaction affinities of two recombinant TM analogs with thrombin, FH and C3b in order to analyze their ability to regulate serum complement activity. METHODS Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis was used to determine binding affinities of TM analogs with FH and C3b, and compared to thrombin as positive control. The capacity of the two recombinant TM analogs to regulate complement in serum was tested in standard complement hemolytic activity assays. RESULTS SPR analysis showed that both TM analogs bind FH and C3b-Factor H with nanomolar and C3b with micromolar affinity; binding affinity for its natural ligand thrombin was several fold higher than for FH. At a physiological relevant concentration, TM inhibits complement hemolytic activity in serum via FH dependent and independent mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS TM exhibits significant binding affinity for complement protein FH and C3b-FH complex and its soluble form is capable at physiologically relevant concentrations of inhibiting complement activation in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heurich
- Division of Infection & Immunity and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom.
| | - R J S Preston
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - V B O'Donnell
- Division of Infection & Immunity and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - B P Morgan
- Division of Infection & Immunity and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - P W Collins
- Division of Infection & Immunity and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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20
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Fischer K, Collins PW, Ozelo MC, Srivastava A, Young G, Blanchette VS. When and how to start prophylaxis in boys with severe hemophilia without inhibitors: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1105-9. [PMID: 27186714 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Fischer
- Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M C Ozelo
- INCT do Sangue Hemocentro Unicamp, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences Unicamp, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A Srivastava
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - G Young
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V S Blanchette
- Pediatric Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Jones RM, de Lloyd L, Kealaher EJ, Lilley GJ, Precious E, Burckett st Laurent D, Hamlyn V, Collis RE, Collins PW. Platelet count and transfusion requirements during moderate or severe postpartum haemorrhage. Anaesthesia 2016; 71:648-56. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Jones
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Control; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - L. de Lloyd
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Control; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - E. J. Kealaher
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Control; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - G. J. Lilley
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Control; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - E. Precious
- Institute of Infection and Immunity; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - D. Burckett st Laurent
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Control; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - V. Hamlyn
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Control; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - R. E. Collis
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Control; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - P. W. Collins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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22
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Negrier C, Young G, Abdul Karim F, Collins PW, Hanabusa H, Colberg T, Goldman B, Walsh CE. Recombinant long-acting glycoPEGylated factor IX (nonacog beta pegol) in haemophilia B: assessment of target joints in multinational phase 3 clinical trials. Haemophilia 2016; 22:507-13. [PMID: 26936227 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The paradigm(™) 2 and 4 phase 3 clinical trials investigated the safety and efficacy of nonacog beta pegol, a recombinant glycoPEGylated factor IX (FIX) with extended half-life, in previously treated haemophilia B patients. AIM These post hoc analyses investigated the bleeding patterns in target joints. METHODS Patients randomized to 40 or 10 IU kg(-1) once weekly prophylaxis who had at least one target joint were included. Baseline demographics and disease-specific data were collected. Bleeding patterns were assessed, and an International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) definition of target joints was used. RESULTS A total of 67% and 8% of patients in the 40 and 10 IU kg(-1) arm, respectively, did not experience target joint bleeds during the paradigm(™) 2 trial. Twenty-four target joints were recorded in each prophylaxis arm at baseline. During the paradigm(™) 2 trial, no bleeds were reported in 17 (71%) and 7 (29%) target joints in the 40 and 10 IU kg(-1) arms respectively. All target joint bleeds in the 40 IU kg(-1) once weekly prophylaxis arm were controlled with a single injection of 40 IU kg(-1) nonacog beta pegol. By the latest ISTH definition, 90% and 58% of target joints in the 40 and 10 IU kg(-1) arms, respectively, were no longer considered target joints at the end of the paradigm(™) 2 trial. At the end of the paradigm(™) 4 extension trial, all target joints in the 40 IU kg(-1) arm were no longer considered target joints. CONCLUSION Routine prophylaxis with 40 IU kg(-1) once weekly nonacog beta pegol has the potential for effective management of target joint bleeds in haemophilia B patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Negrier
- Hôpital Louis Pradel, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - G Young
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Abdul Karim
- Haemophilia Centre, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - H Hanabusa
- Department of Haematology, Ogikubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Colberg
- Haemophilia Medical & Science, Novo Nordisk A/S, Soeborg, Denmark
| | - B Goldman
- Haemophilia Biostatistics, Novo Nordisk A/S, Soeborg, Denmark
| | - C E Walsh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Valentino LA, Pipe SW, Collins PW, Blanchette VS, Berntorp E, Fischer K, Ewenstein BM, Oh M, Spotts G. Association of peak factor
VIII
levels and area under the curve with bleeding in patients with haemophilia A on every third day pharmacokinetic‐guided prophylaxis. Haemophilia 2016; 22:514-20. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E. Berntorp
- Lund University Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - K. Fischer
- Van Creveldkliniek University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | - M. Oh
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation Westlake Village CA USA
| | - G. Spotts
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation Westlake Village CA USA
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24
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Green L, Knight M, Seeney FM, Hopkinson C, Collins PW, Collis RE, Simpson N, Weeks A, Stanworth SS. The epidemiology and outcomes of women with postpartum haemorrhage requiring massive transfusion with eight or more units of red cells: a national cross-sectional study. BJOG 2015; 123:2164-2170. [PMID: 26694742 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the incidence of massive transfusion (MT) in obstetrics in the UK, and describe its management and clinical outcomes. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study conducted through the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS). SETTINGS All UK hospitals with consultant-led maternity units. POPULATION Any pregnant woman at ≥20 weeks of gestation receiving ≥8 units of red blood cells within 24 hours of giving birth, from July 2012 to June 2013. METHODS Prospective case identification through the monthly mailing of UKOSS. RESULTS We identified 181 women who had undergone MT, making the estimated incidence of MT associated with postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) 23 per 100 000 maternities (95% confidence interval 19-26) per year. The median estimated blood loss was 6 l (interquartile range 4.5-8.0 l). The majority of women presented outside working hours (63%), 40% had had previous caesarean sections and 3% had normal vaginal births without risk factors. The main cause for MT was uterine atony (40%) and the main mode of birth was caesarean section (69%). Of the 181 women, 15 received >20 units of red blood cells. In total, 45% of women underwent hysterectomy, and among all causes of PPH, placenta accreta had the highest hysterectomy rate. Two women died, 82% were admitted to intensive care/high-dependency units, and 28% developed major morbidities. CONCLUSION Massive transfusion due to PPH is associated with high rates of morbidity and hysterectomy. Clinical and research efforts should focus on approaches to recognise and optimise timely resuscitation and management of these severe cases. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Massive transfusion due to postpartum haemorrhage is associated with high rates of morbidity and hysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Green
- Barts Health NHS Trust & NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Blizzard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Knight
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F M Seeney
- Statistics and Clinical Studies, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - C Hopkinson
- Statistics and Clinical Studies, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R E Collis
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nab Simpson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Weeks
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S S Stanworth
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford & Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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Lock J, de Bekker-Grob EW, Urhan G, Peters M, Meijer K, Brons P, van der Meer FJM, Driessens MHE, Collins PW, Fijnvandraat K, Leebeek FWG, Cnossen MH. Facilitating the implementation of pharmacokinetic-guided dosing of prophylaxis in haemophilia care by discrete choice experiment. Haemophilia 2015; 22:e1-e10. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lock
- Department of Paediatric Haematology; Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - E. W. de Bekker-Grob
- Department of Public Health; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - G. Urhan
- Department of Paediatric Haematology; Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Peters
- Department of Paediatric Haematology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - K. Meijer
- Department of Haematology; University Medical Centre Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - P. Brons
- Department of Paediatric Haematology; Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - F. J. M. van der Meer
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis; Leiden University Medical Centre; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - P. W. Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - K. Fijnvandraat
- Department of Paediatric Haematology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - F. W. G. Leebeek
- Department of Haematology; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. H. Cnossen
- Department of Paediatric Haematology; Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Lounsberry ZT, Brown SK, Collins PW, Henry RW, Newsome SD, Sacks BN. Next-generation sequencing workflow for assembly of nonmodel mitogenomes exemplified with North Pacific albatrosses (Phoebastriaspp.). Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 15:893-902. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. T. Lounsberry
- Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit; Veterinary Genetics Laboratory; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue/Old Davis Rd. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - S. K. Brown
- Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit; Veterinary Genetics Laboratory; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue/Old Davis Rd. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - P. W. Collins
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History; 2559 Puesta Del Sol Santa Barbara CA 93105 USA
| | - R. W. Henry
- Institute for Marine Sciences; Center for Ocean Health; Long Marine Lab; University of California, Santa Cruz; 100 Shaffer Road Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - S. D. Newsome
- Department of Biology; University of New Mexico; 167 Castetter Hall, MSC03 2020 Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - B. N. Sacks
- Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit; Veterinary Genetics Laboratory; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue/Old Davis Rd. Davis CA 95616 USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue/Old Davis Rd. Davis CA 95616 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Collis
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - P. W. Collins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity; Critical Illness Research Group; Cardiff University School of Medicine; Cardiff UK
- Department of Haematology; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
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Hay CRM, Palmer BP, Chalmers EA, Hart DP, Liesner R, Rangarajan S, Talks K, Williams M, Collins PW. The incidence of factorVIIIinhibitors in severe haemophilia A following a major switch from full‐length to B‐domain‐deleted factorVIII: a prospective cohort comparison. Haemophilia 2014; 21:219-226. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. R. M. Hay
- Manchester University Department of Haematology Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester UK
| | - B. P. Palmer
- The UK National Haemophilia Database Manchester UK
| | - E. A. Chalmers
- The Department of Haematology Royal Hospital for Sick Children Glasgow UK
| | - D. P. Hart
- The Department of Haematology Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL London UK
| | - R. Liesner
- The Haemophilia Centre Great Ormond Street Hospital London UK
| | - S. Rangarajan
- The Haemophilia Centre Guys and St Thomas's Hospital London UK
| | - K. Talks
- The Department of Haematology Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - M. Williams
- The Department of Haematology Birmingham Children's Hospital Birmingham UK
| | - P. W. Collins
- The University Department of Haematology The University Hospital of Wales School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK
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Collins PW, Solomon C, Sutor K, Crispin D, Hochleitner G, Rizoli S, Schöchl H, Schreiber M, Ranucci M. Theoretical modelling of fibrinogen supplementation with therapeutic plasma, cryoprecipitate, or fibrinogen concentrate. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113:585-95. [PMID: 25064078 PMCID: PMC4166889 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to create a theoretical tool to model the effect of three haemostatic agents containing fibrinogen (therapeutic plasma, cryoprecipitate, and fibrinogen concentrate) on the patient's plasma fibrinogen level. Methods A mathematical model was developed step-wise. The relationship between the amount of haemostatic agent and plasma fibrinogen level was plotted for each agent. A fibrinogen concentration simulator (FCSamount) was developed, where the amount of haemostatic agent was calculated from patient characteristics, agent characteristics, and target plasma fibrinogen level. Refinements were introduced so that (i) FCSamount would account for in vivo fibrinogen recovery, (ii) circulatory volume would not increase ad infinitum with increasing amounts, and (iii) red blood cells would be included in the simulation if haematocrit decreased below a certain level. A second FCS (FCSlevel) was created to calculate fibrinogen levels resulting from specified amounts of haemostatic agents. Results Fibrinogen concentration in haemostatic agents has a critical impact on their ability to increase patients' fibrinogen levels. If the target plasma fibrinogen level approaches the concentration of the fibrinogen source, the required amounts increase exponentially; it is impossible to achieve a target above the concentration of the fibrinogen source. Conclusions We successfully developed two theoretical tools answering the questions: ‘How much therapeutic plasma, cryoprecipitate, or fibrinogen concentrate would be needed to achieve a specified target fibrinogen level?’ and ‘What would be the resultant fibrinogen level for a specified amount of haemostatic agent?’ The current tools are not intended for clinical application, but they are potentially useful for educational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Collins
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University and University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Solomon
- CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and General Intensive Care, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - K Sutor
- Meridian HealthComms, Cheshire, UK
| | | | | | - S Rizoli
- Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - H Schöchl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, AUVA Trauma Hospital, Salzburg, Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Schreiber
- Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery Division, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Ranucci
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
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Khanum F, Bowen DJ, Kerr BC, Collins PW. Joint health scores in a haemophilia A cohort from Pakistan with minimal or no access to factor VIII concentrate: correlation with thrombin generation and underlying mutation. Haemophilia 2013; 20:426-34. [PMID: 24354535 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilia A is associated with recurrent joint bleeding which leads to synovitis and debilitating arthropathy. Coagulation factor VIII level is an important determinant of bleed number and development of arthropathy . The aim of this study was to compare the haemophilia joint health score (HJHS) and Gilbert score with severity, age, thrombin generation (TG) and underlying mutation in a haemophilia A cohort which had minimal access to haemostatic replacement therapy. Ninety-two haemophilia A individuals were recruited from Pakistan. Age, age at first bleed, target joints, haemophilic arthropathy joints, HJHS and Gilbert score were recorded. A strong correlation was found between HJHS and Gilbert score (r = 0.98), both were significantly higher in severe (n = 59) compared with non-severe (n = 29) individuals before the age of 12 years (P ≤ 0.01) but not thereafter. When individuals were divided according to developmental age (<12 years, 12-16 years and >16 years), both HJHS and Gilbert score were significantly lower in the youngest group (P ≤ 0.001), there was no difference between 12-16 years and >16 years. In severe individuals there was no correlation between in vitro TG and joint score, whereas in non-severe individuals there was a weak negative correlation. In the severe group, no significant difference was observed for either joint score according to the underlying mutation type (inversion, missense, nonsense, frameshift). In this cohort of haemophilia A individuals with minimal access to haemostatic treatment, haemophilic arthropathy correlated with severity and age; among severe individuals, joint health scores did not relate to either the underlying mutation or in vitro TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khanum
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Khanum F, Collins PW, Harris RL, Bowen DJ. Characterization ofF8defects in haemophilia A in Pakistan: investigation of correlation between mutation type and thein vitrothrombin generation assay. Haemophilia 2013; 20:287-93. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Khanum
- Department of Haematology; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - P. W. Collins
- Department of Haematology; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - R. L. Harris
- Department of Haematology; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - D. J. Bowen
- Department of Haematology; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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Collins PW, Møss J, Knobe K, Groth A, Colberg T, Watson E. Population pharmacokinetic modeling for dose setting of nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP), a glycoPEGylated recombinant factor IX. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:2305-12. [PMID: 22998153 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP) is a glycoPEGylated recombinant factor IX (rFIX) molecule with a prolonged half-life. OBJECTIVES To provide information on potential dose regimens for N9-GP for phase 3 pivotal and surgery trials. METHODS A population pharmacokinetic model was developed from single-dose data derived from the first human-dose trial with N9-GP in hemophilia B patients, and was used to extrapolate to steady-state conditions for different N9-GP dose regimens for prophylaxis. The model was also used to compare prophylaxis using N9-GP with standard prophylactic regimens using rFIX or plasma-derived (pd) FIX (40 IU kg(-1) every third day). Plasma activity following dosing with N9-GP, rFIX and pdFIX for surgery and on-demand treatment of bleeds was also simulated. RESULTS A linear two-compartmental model best described the pharmacokinetic profiles of N9-GP, rFIX and pdFIX. A prophylactic regimen of 10 U kg(-1) N9-GP once weekly predicted mean peak and trough levels of 18 and 4.2 U dL(-1) , while 40 U kg(-1) once weekly predicted values of 72 and 17 U dL(-1) , respectively. Standard prophylactic regimens with rFIX and pdFIX predicted mean peak and trough levels of 34 and 3.9 IU dL(-1) for rFIX, and mean values of 43 and 2.1 IU dL(-1) for pdFIX. Additional simulations predicted significantly reduced dosing frequency and factor concentrate consumption for N9-GP vs. rFIX and pdFIX for surgery and the treatment of bleeds. CONCLUSIONS N9-GP may allow prophylaxis, surgical dosing regimens and on-demand treatment of bleeding episodes with less frequent injections and lower factor concentrate consumption; this possibility is being investigated in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Clinical Pharmacology Biopharm, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg Medical and Science, Haemophilia, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg DMPK and Bioanalysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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Abstract
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major risk factor for maternal morbidity and mortality. PPH has numerous causative factors, which makes its occurrence and severity difficult to predict. Underlying haemostatic imbalances such as consumptive and dilutional coagulopathies may develop during PPH, and can exacerbate bleeding and lead to progression to severe PPH. Monitoring coagulation status in patients with PPH may be crucial for effective haemostatic management, goal-directed therapy, and improved outcomes. However, current PPH management guidelines do not account for the altered baseline coagulation status observed in pregnant patients, and the appropriate transfusion triggers to use in PPH are unknown, due to a lack of high-quality studies specific to this area. In this review, we consider the evidence for the use of standard laboratory-based coagulation tests and point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitoring in PPH. Many laboratory-based tests are unsuitable for emergency use due to their long turnaround times, so have limited value for the management of PPH. Emerging evidence suggests that viscoelastic monitoring, using thrombelastography- or thromboelastometry-based tests, may be useful for rapid assessment and for guiding haemostatic therapy during PPH. However, further studies are needed to define the ranges of reference values that should be considered ‘normal’ in this setting. Improving awareness of the correct application and interpretation of viscoelastic coagulation monitoring techniques may be critical in realizing their emergency diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Solomon
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Salzburger Landeskliniken SALK, 48 Müllner Hauptstrasse, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Abstract
Prophylaxis is the recommended treatment for people with severe haemophilia. It is unlikely that a single prophylactic regimen, for example based on weight, would be optimal for all patients and therefore each individual should have a personalized regimen, agreed between themselves and their haemophilia centre. This regimen should take into account the individual's bleeding pattern, the condition of their musculoskeletal system, level and timing of physical activity and measurement of coagulation factor in their blood. It is important to recognize that prophylactic regimens are likely to need to change with time as the circumstances of an individual change. For example, activity may change with age or with the season and an individual's factor VIII pharmacokinetics vary with age. Knowledge of a patient's pharmacokinetics is likely to help personalize prophylaxis when combined with other information. Factor VIII pharmacokinetics are simple to measure in routine clinical practice and can be adequately calculated from 2 to 3 blood samples combined with a simple to use computer program. Prophylaxis is expensive and, in countries with a limited health care budget, ways to improve its cost effectiveness need to be considered to allow increased access to this treatment. For example, increasing the frequency of prophylaxis can dramatically reduce the amount of treatment required to sustain measureable factor levels and hence reduce cost. The introduction of longer-acting coagulation factors may necessitate a change in concepts about prophylaxis because whilst these agents may sustain an apparently adequate trough level with fewer infusions, the length of time a person spends at a low level will be increased and this could increase the risk of bleeding, especially at the time of increased physical activity. There is convincing evidence that prophylaxis is the optimal therapy for severe haemophilia, optimizing treatment for each individual and increasing access to this treatment modality are important goals for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK. peter.collins@.wales.nhs.uk
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Martinowitz U, Shapiro A, Quon DV, Escobar M, Kempton C, Collins PW, Chowdary P, Makris M, Mannucci PM, Morfini M, Valentino LA, Gomperts E, Lee M. Pharmacokinetic properties of IB1001, an investigational recombinant factor IX, in patients with haemophilia B: repeat pharmacokinetic evaluation and sialylation analysis. Haemophilia 2012; 18:881-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Martinowitz
- Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and the National Hemophilia Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer; Israel
| | - A. Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center; Indianapolis; IN; USA
| | - D. V. Quon
- The Hemophilia Treatment Center at Los Angeles Orthopaedic Hospital; Los Angeles; CA; USA
| | - M. Escobar
- University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center; Houston; TX; USA
| | - C. Kempton
- Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta; GA; USA
| | - P. W. Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre; University Hospital of Wales School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff; UK
| | - P. Chowdary
- KD Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit; Royal Free Hospital; London; UK
| | - M. Makris
- Sheffield Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield; UK
| | - P. M. Mannucci
- Scientific Direction and A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center; IRCCS Cà Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital; Milan; Italy
| | - M. Morfini
- Agency for Haemophilia; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; Florence; Italy
| | - L. A. Valentino
- Rush Hemophilia and Thrombophilia Center; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago; IL; USA
| | - E. Gomperts
- Inspiration Biopharmaceuticals; Cambridge; MA; USA
| | - M. Lee
- Inspiration Biopharmaceuticals; Cambridge; MA; USA
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Gollop ND, Chilcott J, Benton A, Rayment R, Jones J, Collins PW. National audit of the use of fibrinogen concentrate to correct hypofibrinogenaemia. Transfus Med 2012; 22:350-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2012.01168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Chilcott
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Wales and School of Medicine, Cardiff University; Cardiff
| | - A. Benton
- Department of Haematology; Singleton Hospital, Swansea University; Swansea
| | - R. Rayment
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Wales and School of Medicine, Cardiff University; Cardiff
| | - J. Jones
- Welsh Blood Service; Cardiff; UK
| | - P. W. Collins
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Wales and School of Medicine, Cardiff University; Cardiff
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Davies JA, Hathaway LS, Collins PW, Bowen DJ. von Willebrand factor: demographics of plasma protein level in a large blood donor cohort from South Wales in the United Kingdom. Haemophilia 2012; 18:e79-81. [PMID: 22458869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Acquired haemophilia A is an auto-immune disease caused by an inhibitory antibody to factor VIII. The pattern of bleeding varies but patients remain at risk of life threatening bleeding until the inhibitor has been eradicated. The cornerstones of management are; rapid and accurate diagnosis, control of bleeding, investigation for an underlying cause and eradication of the inhibitor by immunosuppression. Patients should always be managed jointly with a specialist centre even if they present without significant bleeding. Despite an extensive literature, few controlled data are available and treatment guidelines are based on expert opinion. To treat bleeds recombinant factor VIIa and activated prothrombin complex concentrate are equally efficacious but both are superior to factor VIII or desmopressin. Immunosuppression should be started as soon as the diagnosis is made. Commonly used regimens are steroids alone or combined with cytotoxic agents. Rituximab is being used more widely but current evidence does not suggest that it improves outcomes or reduces side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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Coakley M, Hall JE, Evans C, Duff E, Billing V, Yang L, McPherson D, Stephens E, Macartney N, Wilkes AR, Collins PW. Assessment of thrombin generation measured before and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and its association with postoperative bleeding. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:282-92. [PMID: 21091865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and consumes large amounts of blood. Identifying patients at increased risk of bleeding secondary to hemostatic impairment may improve clinical outcomes by allowing early intervention. METHODS This present study recruited 77 patients undergoing CPB and measured coagulation screens, coagulation factors, TEG(®), Rotem(®) and thrombin generation (TG) before surgery and 30 min after heparin reversal. The tests were analyzed to investigate whether they identified patients at increased risk of excess bleeding (defined as > 1000 mL) in the first 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS Patients who bled > 1000 mL had a lower: platelet count (P < 0.02), factors (F)IX, X and XI (P < 0.005), endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and an initial rate of TG (P < 0.02) and higher activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (P < 0.001) than patients who bled < 1000 mL. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was significant for post-operative TG and aPTT (P < 0.001). Furthermore, reduced pre-operative TG was associated with increased postoperative bleeding (P < 0.02). Pre- and postoperative TG were correlated (ρ = 0.7, P < 0.001). TEG(®), Rotem(®) and prothrombin time (PT) at either time point were not associated with increased bleeding. CONCLUSION These data suggest that pre-operative defects in the propagation phase of hemostasis are exacerbated during CPB, contributing to bleeding post-CPB. TG taken both pre- and postoperatively could potentially be used to identify patients at an increased risk of bleeding post-CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coakley
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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Collins PW, Baglin TP, Dang R, Evans G, Greaves M, Laffan M, Pasi KJ, Rose P, Stanworth S, Toh CH, Gower J. Non-malignant haematology research in the UK: looking forward to new opportunities. Br J Haematol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Collins PW, Baglin TP, Dang R, Evans G, Greaves M, Laffan M, Pasi KJ, Rose P, Stanworth S, Toh CH, Gower J. announcement: Non-malignant haematology research in the UK: looking forward to new opportunities. Br J Haematol 2010; 150:732-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Björkman S, Blanchette VS, Fischer K, Oh M, Spotts G, Schroth P, Fritsch S, Patrone L, Ewenstein BM, Collins PW. Comparative pharmacokinetics of plasma- and albumin-free recombinant factor VIII in children and adults: the influence of blood sampling schedule on observed age-related differences and implications for dose tailoring. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:730-6. [PMID: 20398185 PMCID: PMC2855866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dose tailoring of coagulation factors requires reliably estimated and reproducible pharmacokinetics (PK) in the individual patient. OBJECTIVES To investigate the contribution of both biological and methodological factors to the observed variability of factor VIII (FVIII) PK, with the focus on differences between children and adults, and to examine the implications for dosing. PATIENTS Data from 52 1-6-year-old and 100 10-65-year-old patients with hemophilia A (FVIII < or = 2 IU dL(-1)) in three clinical studies were included. RESULTS In vivo recovery was lower, weight-adjusted clearance was higher and FVIII half-life was on average shorter in children than in adults. However, a reduced blood sampling schedule for children was estimated to account for up to one half of the total observed differences. Intrapatient variance in PK was smaller than interpatient variance in 10-65-year-olds. Age and ratio of actual to ideal weight only showed weak relationships with PK parameters. Variance in PK caused large variance in the calculated dose required to maintain a target FVIII trough level during prophylactic treatment. CONCLUSION Differences in blood sampling schedules should be taken into account when results from different PK studies are compared. However, even with this consideration, PK cannot be predicted from observable patient characteristics but must be determined for the individual. Because the influence of reducing the blood sampling was minor in comparison to the true variance between patients, a reduced blood sampling protocol can be used. Low intrapatient variability supports the use of PK measurements for dose tailoring of FVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Björkman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bell SF, Rayment R, Collins PW, Collis RE. The use of fibrinogen concentrate to correct hypofibrinogenaemia rapidly during obstetric haemorrhage. Int J Obstet Anesth 2010; 19:218-23. [PMID: 20194010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Haemorrhage is a common complication of childbirth with 0.65% of deliveries associated with significant (>1500 mL) peripartum blood loss. Hypofibrinogenaemia secondary to dilutional and consumptive coagulopathies can be challenging to correct quickly with conventional blood and plasma therapy. Fibrinogen concentrate offers rapid restoration of fibrinogen levels with a small volume infusion and minimal preparation time. It is effective in treating patients with congenital hypofibrinogenaemia, but there are few reports of its use in association with continuing obstetric haemorrhage. Six cases of obstetric haemorrhage, associated with hypofibrinogenaemia, treated with fibrinogen concentrate in conjunction with platelets, fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, uterotonics and obstetric intervention are described. In all cases, laboratory assessed coagulation was rapidly normalised and severe haemorrhage improved. These cases suggest that fibrinogen concentrate may be an effective addition to conventional treatments for obstetric haemorrhage associated with hypofibrinogenaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Bell
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Collins PW, Björkman S, Fischer K, Blanchette V, Oh M, Schroth P, Fritsch S, Casey K, Spotts G, Ewenstein BM. Factor VIII requirement to maintain a target plasma level in the prophylactic treatment of severe hemophilia A: influences of variance in pharmacokinetics and treatment regimens. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:269-75. [PMID: 19943875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylactic factor (F)VIII has been shown to reduce bleeds and arthropathy in patients with severe hemophilia A. OBJECTIVES Assuming that the trough FVIII level is an important determinant of the efficacy of prophylaxis, this paper addresses the effect of the inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetics and different dosing regimens on trough levels. METHODS Simulations used FVIII half-lives and in vivo recoveries (IVR), observed during clinical trials with Advate [Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Plasma/Albumin-Free Method], and commonly used prophylactic regimens to calculate their effect on FVIII levels during prophylaxis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Half-life and dose frequency had a larger effect on trough FVIII and time per week with FVIII<1 IU dL(-1) than IVR and infused dose per kg. The combined effect of these parameters resulted in substantial inter-patient variability in the amount of FVIII required to sustain a desired trough level. Prophylactic regimens based on Monday, Wednesday, Friday dosing were less cost effective in maintaining a desired trough level throughout the week. Dose escalation on Friday to cover the weekend would require potentially harmful doses of FVIII in many patients, especially in young children where more than 50% would require a Friday dose of over 100 IU kg(-1) and some would require more than 400 IU kg(-1). Knowledge of individual patients' half-lives and alteration of frequency of infusions may allow the more cost-effective use of FVIII and potentially expand access to prophylaxis to a greater number of patients, especially in regions where healthcare resources are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Collins
- University Hospital of Wales, Arthur Bloom Hemophilia centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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Björkman S, Blanchette VS, Fischer K, Oh M, Spotts G, Schroth P, Fritsch S, Patrone L, Ewenstein BM, Collins PW. Comparative pharmacokinetics of plasma- and albumin-free recombinant factor VIII in children and adults: the influence of blood sampling schedule on observed age-related differences and implications for dose tailoring. J Thromb Haemost 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7933.2010.03757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Collins PW, Slocombe G, Wainwright A, Newland AC. A Pilot Study Using Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Prevention of Infection During Remission Induction in Acute Leukaemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 6:25-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10428199109064875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Collins PW, Mathias M, Hanley J, Keeling D, Keenan R, Laffan M, Perry D, Liesner R. Rituximab and immune tolerance in severe hemophilia A: a consecutive national cohort. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:787-94. [PMID: 19320828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED SUMMARY BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: he management of patients with severe hemophilia A and inhibitors to factor VIII (FVIII) resistant to standard immune tolerance is challenging. There have been recent case reports of the successful use of rituximab in up to 57% of patients as part of rescue immune tolerance regimens. Because case reports and small series are prone to the potential bias of reporting good outcomes and relatively short follow up, a consecutive cohort of all patients treated in the UK with prolonged follow up was analyzed. METHODS A national survey of all Comprehensive Care Haemophilia Center in the UK. RESULTS A total of 15 patients were reported of whom six (40%) achieved a negative inhibitor titer by Bethesda assay. Durable responses were unusual, observed in only 14% of cases. Clinically significant responses with either a negative inhibitor or an inhibitor titer < 5 BU mL(-1) and no spontaneous bleeding with FVIII replacement were observed in seven (47%) cases. Concomitant use of FVIII appeared to be important. Of the 12 patients treated with rituximab and FVIII, six (50%) achieved a negative inhibitor titer and seven (58%) had a clinically beneficial response. None of the three patients treated without FVIII responded. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the use of rituximab combined with FVIII is a potentially useful treatment for patients with inhibitors resistant to standard immune tolerance, although sustained inhibitor eradication is uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Collins
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
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Collins PW, Blanchette VS, Fischer K, Björkman S, Oh M, Fritsch S, Schroth P, Spotts G, Astermark J, Ewenstein B. Break-through bleeding in relation to predicted factor VIII levels in patients receiving prophylactic treatment for severe hemophilia A. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:413-20. [PMID: 19143924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of prophylactic factor VIII (FVIII) to decrease hemophilic bleeding and arthropathy is well established. The rationale for this strategy is to convert patients with severe hemophilia A to a moderate clinical phenotype by reducing time spent with a FVIII level <1 IU dL(-1). Studies to date, however, have not demonstrated a strong link between FVIII level and the bleeding rate. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of FVIII level on break-through bleeding in patients with severe hemophilia A on prophylaxis. PATIENTS/METHODS This study analysed data from 44 patients aged 1-6 and 99 patients aged 10-65 years with severe hemophilia A (FVIII <1 IU dL(-1)) who were treated with prophylactic FVIII as part of clinical studies assessing pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of a recombinant FVIII (Advate). Each patient had pharmacokinetic measurements and FVIII infusions recorded, and these were used to calculate time spent with a FVIII below 1, 2 and 5 IU dL(-1). RESULTS The data demonstrate that increasing time with a FVIII below 1 IU dL(-1) is associated with increased total bleeds and hemarthroses. Lack of adherence to the intended frequency of FVIII infusion was the most important determinant of low FVIII and increased bleeding. In children aged 1-6 years, the rate of bleeding was also influenced by FVIII half-life and clearance. CONCLUSIONS These data have important implications for the management of patients with severe hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, Department of Haematology, Medical School of Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Hay CRM, Baglin TP, Collins PW, Hill FGH, Keeling DM. THE DIAGNOSIS and MANAGEMENT OF FACTOR VIII and IX INHIBITORS: A GUIDELINE FROM THE UK HAEMOPHILIA CENTRE DOCTORS' ORGANIZATION (UKHCDO). Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) is a well recognized complication of disseminated carcinoma and its treatment. It is however, rarely seen with localized carcinoma. The case presented here is a previously unreported association of a patient, who having been successfully treated for MAHA, was found to have occult breast carcinoma on a routine screening mammogram six months after the haemolytic episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Collins
- Department of Haematology, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel
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