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Jahnke W, Paladini J, Habazettl JM, Wiget A, Loo A, Cowan Jacob SW, Grzesiek S, Manley PW. Correspondence on “Synergy and Antagonism between Allosteric and Active‐Site Inhibitors of Abl Tyrosine Kinase”**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andrea Wiget
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) 5070 Frick Switzerland
| | - Alice Loo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | | | | | - Paul W. Manley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research 4002 Basel Switzerland
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Jahnke W, Paladini J, Habazettl JM, Wiget A, Loo A, Cowan Jacob SW, Grzesiek S, Manley PW. Correspondence on “Synergy and Antagonism between Allosteric and Active‐Site Inhibitors of Abl Tyrosine Kinase”**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117276. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andrea Wiget
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) 5070 Frick Switzerland
| | - Alice Loo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | | | | | - Paul W. Manley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research 4002 Basel Switzerland
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Manley PW. Evidence supporting that the attribution of first success in use of arsenic for the treatment of leukaemia should be to David Lissauer (1836-1892). Leukemia 2022; 36:1697-1698. [PMID: 35590032 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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Manley PW, Huth F, Moussaoui S, Schoepfer J. A kinase inhibitor which specifically targets the ABL myristate pocket (STAMP), but unlike asciminib crosses the blood–brain barrier. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 59:128577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pissot Soldermann C, Simic O, Renatus M, Erbel P, Melkko S, Wartmann M, Bigaud M, Weiss A, McSheehy P, Endres R, Santos P, Blank J, Schuffenhauer A, Bold G, Buschmann N, Zoller T, Altmann E, Manley PW, Dix I, Buchdunger E, Scesa J, Quancard J, Schlapbach A, Bornancin F, Radimerski T, Régnier CH. Discovery of Potent, Highly Selective, and In Vivo Efficacious, Allosteric MALT1 Inhibitors by Iterative Scaffold Morphing. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14576-14593. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Simic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Renatus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paulus Erbel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samu Melkko
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bigaud
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Jutta Blank
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Schuffenhauer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Bold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Buschmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zoller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Altmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul W. Manley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ina Dix
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Buchdunger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Scesa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean Quancard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Achim Schlapbach
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Bornancin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Catherine H. Régnier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Manley PW, Barys L, Cowan-Jacob SW. The specificity of asciminib, a potential treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, as a myristate-pocket binding ABL inhibitor and analysis of its interactions with mutant forms of BCR-ABL1 kinase. Leuk Res 2020; 98:106458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
The efficacy and side-effects of drugs do not just reflect the biochemical and pharmacodynamic properties of the parent compound, but often comprise of cooperative effects between the properties of the parent and active metabolites. Metabolites of imatinib, nilotinib and midostaurin have been synthesised and evaluated in assays to compare their properties as protein kinase inhibitors with the parent drugs. The N-desmethyl-metabolite of imatinib is substantially less active than imatinib as a BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibitor, thus providing an explanation as to why patients producing high levels of this metabolite show a relatively low response rate in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) treatment. The hydroxymethylphenyl and N-oxide metabolites of imatinib and nilotinib are only weakly active as BCR-ABL1 inhibitors and are unlikely to play a role in the efficacy of either drug in CML. The 3-(R)-HO-metabolite of midostaurin shows appreciable accumulation following chronic drug administration and, in addition to mutant forms of FLT3, potently inhibits the PDPK1 and VEGFR2 kinases (IC50 values <100 nM), suggesting that it might contribute to drug efficacy in acute myeloid leukaemia patients. The case studies discussed here provide further examples of how the synthesis and characterisation of metabolites can make important contributions to understanding the clinical efficacy of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Manley
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel;,
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Rieg AD, Bünting NA, Cranen C, Suleiman S, Spillner JW, Schnöring H, Schröder T, von Stillfried S, Braunschweig T, Manley PW, Schälte G, Rossaint R, Uhlig S, Martin C. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors relax pulmonary arteries in human and murine precision-cut lung slices. Respir Res 2019; 20:111. [PMID: 31170998 PMCID: PMC6555704 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inhibit the platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and gain increasing significance in the therapy of proliferative diseases, e.g. pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Moreover, TKIs relax pulmonary vessels of rats and guinea pigs. So far, it is unknown, whether TKIs exert relaxation in human and murine pulmonary vessels. Thus, we studied the effects of TKIs and the PDGFR-agonist PDGF-BB in precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from both species. METHODS The vascular effects of imatinib (mice/human) or nilotinib (human) were studied in Endothelin-1 (ET-1) pre-constricted pulmonary arteries (PAs) or veins (PVs) by videomicroscopy. Baseline initial vessel area (IVA) was defined as 100%. With regard to TKI-induced relaxation, K+-channel activation was studied in human PAs (PCLS) and imatinib/nilotinib-related changes of cAMP and cGMP were analysed in human PAs/PVs (ELISA). Finally, the contractile potency of PDGF-BB was explored in PCLS (mice/human). RESULTS Murine PCLS: Imatinib (10 μM) relaxed ET-1-pre-constricted PAs to 167% of IVA. Vice versa, 100 nM PDGF-BB contracted PAs to 60% of IVA and pre-treatment with imatinib or amlodipine prevented PDGF-BB-induced contraction. Murine PVs reacted only slightly to imatinib or PDGF-BB. Human PCLS: 100 μM imatinib or nilotinib relaxed ET-1-pre-constricted PAs to 166% or 145% of IVA, respectively, due to the activation of KATP-, BKCa2+- or Kv-channels. In PVs, imatinib exerted only slight relaxation and nilotinib had no effect. Imatinib and nilotinib increased cAMP in human PAs, but not in PVs. In addition, PDGF-BB contracted human PAs/PVs, which was prevented by imatinib. CONCLUSIONS TKIs relax pre-constricted PAs/PVs from both, mice and humans. In human PAs, the activation of K+-channels and the generation of cAMP are relevant for TKI-induced relaxation. Vice versa, PDGF-BB contracts PAs/PVs (human/mice) due to PDGFR. In murine PAs, PDGF-BB-induced contraction depends on intracellular calcium. So, PDGFR regulates the tone of PAs/PVs. Since TKIs combine relaxant and antiproliferative effects, they may be promising in therapy of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette D Rieg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nina A Bünting
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Cranen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Said Suleiman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan W Spillner
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heike Schnöring
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schröder
- Department of Surgery, Luisenhospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Gereon Schälte
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Manley PW, Caravatti G, Furet P, Roesel J, Tran P, Wagner T, Wartmann M. Comparison of the Kinase Profile of Midostaurin (Rydapt) with That of Its Predominant Metabolites and the Potential Relevance of Some Newly Identified Targets to Leukemia Therapy. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5576-5590. [PMID: 30148617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The multitargeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin is approved for the treatment of both newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and KIT-driven advanced systemic mastocytosis. AML is a heterogeneous malignancy, and investigational drugs targeting FLT3 have shown disparate effects in patients with FLT3-mutated AML, probably as a result of their inhibiting different targets and pathways at the administered doses. However, the efficacy and side effects of drugs do not just reflect the biochemical and pharmacodynamic properties of the parent compound but are often comprised of complex cooperative effects between the properties of the parent and active metabolites. Following chronic dosing, two midostaurin metabolites attain steady-state plasma trough levels greater than that of the parent drug. In this study, we characterized these metabolites and determined their profiles as kinase inhibitors using radiometric transphosphorylation assays. Like midostaurin, the metabolites potently inhibit mutant forms of FLT3 and KIT and several additional kinases that either are directly involved in the deregulated signaling pathways or have been implicated as playing a role in AML via stromal support, such as IGF1R, LYN, PDPK1, RET, SYK, TRKA, and VEGFR2. Consequently, a complex interplay between the kinase activities of midostaurin and its metabolites is likely to contribute to the efficacy of midostaurin in AML and helps to engender the distinctive effects of the drug compared to those of other FLT3 inhibitors in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Manley
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Caravatti
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Johannes Roesel
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Phi Tran
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , East Hanover , New Jersey 07936 , United States
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
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Schoepfer J, Jahnke W, Berellini G, Buonamici S, Cotesta S, Cowan-Jacob SW, Dodd S, Drueckes P, Fabbro D, Gabriel T, Groell JM, Grotzfeld RM, Hassan AQ, Henry C, Iyer V, Jones D, Lombardo F, Loo A, Manley PW, Pellé X, Rummel G, Salem B, Warmuth M, Wylie AA, Zoller T, Marzinzik AL, Furet P. Discovery of Asciminib (ABL001), an Allosteric Inhibitor of the Tyrosine Kinase Activity of BCR-ABL1. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8120-8135. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Schoepfer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Simona Cotesta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra W. Cowan-Jacob
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Drueckes
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Gabriel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Groell
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert M. Grotzfeld
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Chrystèle Henry
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Darryl Jones
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alice Loo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul W. Manley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Pellé
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Rummel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bahaa Salem
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Zoller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas L. Marzinzik
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Lad N, Honey AC, Lunt DO, Booth RFG, Westwick J, Manley PW, Tuffin DP. Effect of SC 38249, a Novel Substituted Imidazole, on Platelet Aggregation In Vitro and In Vivo. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
SummarySC 38249 ((RS)-l-(2,3-bis-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy] propyl)-lH-imidazole) caused dose-related inhibition of collagen- induced thromboxane A2 formation in human platelet rich plasma (IC50: 9.9 ± 1.0 μM) accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in plasma PGE2. Broad inhibitory activity was evident against human platelet aggregatory and secretory responses in vitro.IC50 values of 11.9 ± 1.9 μM (0.64 mM arachidonic acid), 18.3 ± 3.8 μM (0.5 μg ml−-1collagen) and 37.6 ± 6.1 μM (25 nM Paf-acether) were obtained against maximum increase in PRP light transmission achieved by each agonist. Although less potent, SC 38249 retained significant inhibitory activity against PRP responses induced by a higher (3.0 μg ml−-1) concentration of collagen (IC50: 272.5 ± 24.6 μM), and against Paf-acether-induced responses in PRP pre-treated with 10 μM indomethacin (I.C.50: 192.0 ± 16.1 μM).Experimental animal studies confirmed the in vitroanti-aggregatory efficacy of SC 38249, since significant inhibitory activity was observed against Paf-acether and ADP-induced responses in dog PRP ex vivo,anti-Forssman antibody-induced thrombocytopoenia in anaesthetized guinea pigs, and collagen-induced intravascular aggregation in anaesthetized rabbits. Thus, SC 38249 is a novel thromboxane synthase inhibitor which possesses interesting anti-aggregatory properties which cannot wholly be attributed to prevention of platelet thromboxane A2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lad
- Searle Research & Development, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - A C Honey
- Searle Research & Development, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - D O Lunt
- Searle Research & Development, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - R F G Booth
- Searle Research & Development, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - J Westwick
- Department of Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons of England, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PN, UK
| | - P W Manley
- Searle Research & Development, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - D P Tuffin
- Searle Research & Development, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UK
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Weisberg E, Sattler M, Manley PW, Griffin JD. Spotlight on midostaurin in the treatment of FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis: design, development, and potential place in therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 11:175-182. [PMID: 29343975 PMCID: PMC5749544 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s127679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3; fetal liver kinase-2; human stem cell tyrosine kinase-1; CD135) is a class III receptor tyrosine kinase that is normally involved in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of both hematopoietic cells and dendritic cells. Mutations leading it to be constitutively activated make it an oncogenic driver in ~30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients where it is associated with poor prognosis. The prevalence of oncogenic FLT3 and the dependency on its constitutively activated kinase activity for leukemia growth make this protein an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Of the numerous small molecule inhibitors under clinical investigation for the treatment of oncogenic FLT3-positive AML, the N-benzoyl-staurosporine, midostaurin (CGP41251; PKC412; Rydapt®; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland), is the first to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment, in combination with standard chemotherapy, of newly diagnosed adult AML patients who harbor mutations in FLT3. Here, we describe the early design of midostaurin, the preclinical discovery of its activity against oncogenic FLT3, and its subsequent clinical development as a therapeutic agent for FLT3 mutant-positive AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul W Manley
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Maihöfer NA, Suleiman S, Dreymüller D, Manley PW, Rossaint R, Uhlig S, Martin C, Rieg AD. Erratum to: Imatinib relaxes the pulmonary venous bed of guinea pigs. Respir Res 2017. [PMID: 28629421 PMCID: PMC5474860 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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Manley PW, Weisberg E, Sattler M, Griffin JD. Midostaurin, a Natural Product-Derived Kinase Inhibitor Recently Approved for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies Published as part of the Biochemistry series "Biochemistry to Bedside". Biochemistry 2017; 57:477-478. [PMID: 29188995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research , CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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15
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Valent P, Akin C, Hartmann K, George TI, Sotlar K, Peter B, Gleixner KV, Blatt K, Sperr WR, Manley PW, Hermine O, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Arock M, Horny HP, Reiter A, Gotlib J. Midostaurin: a magic bullet that blocks mast cell expansion and activation. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:2367-2376. [PMID: 28945834 PMCID: PMC7115852 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically relevant features in patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) include the cosmetic burden of lesional skin, mediator-related symptoms, and organ damage resulting from mast cell (MC) infiltration in advanced forms of SM. Regardless of the SM variant, expansion of neoplastic MC in the skin and other organs is triggered by mutant forms of KIT, the most prevalent being D816V. Activation of MC with subsequent release of chemical mediators is often caused by IgE-dependent mechanisms in these patients. Midostaurin, also known as PKC412, blocks the kinase activity of wild-type KIT and KIT D816V, counteracts KIT-dependent growth of neoplastic MC, and inhibits IgE-dependent mediator secretion. Based on this activity-profile, the drug has been used for treatment of patients with advanced SM. Indeed, encouraging results have been obtained with the drug in a recent multi-center phase II trial in patients with advanced SM, with an overall response rate of 60% and a substantial decrease in the burden of neoplastic MC in various organs. Moreover, midostaurin improved the overall survival and relapse-free survival in patients with advanced SM compared with historical controls. In addition, midostaurin was found to improve mediator-related symptoms and quality of life, suggesting that the drug may also be useful in patients with indolent SM suffering from mediator-related symptoms resistant to conventional therapies or those with MC activation syndromes. Ongoing and future studies will determine the actual value of midostaurin-induced MC depletion and MC deactivation in these additional indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;.
| | - C Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - K Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - T I George
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - K Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - B Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K V Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Blatt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - O Hermine
- Centre National de Référence des Mastocytoses, Imagine Institute Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - H C Kluin-Nelemans
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Arock
- LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
| | - H-P Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Gotlib
- Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, USA
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16
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Weisberg EL, Puissant A, Stone R, Sattler M, Buhrlage SJ, Yang J, Manley PW, Meng C, Buonopane M, Daley JF, Lazo S, Wright R, Weinstock DM, Christie AL, Stegmaier K, Griffin JD. Characterization of midostaurin as a dual inhibitor of FLT3 and SYK and potentiation of FLT3 inhibition against FLT3-ITD-driven leukemia harboring activated SYK kinase. Oncotarget 2017; 8:52026-52044. [PMID: 28881711 PMCID: PMC5581010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic FLT3 kinase is a clinically validated target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and both multi-targeted and selective FLT3 inhibitors have been developed. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has been shown to be activated and increased in FLT3-ITD-positive AML patients, and has further been shown to be critical for transformation and maintenance of the leukemic clone in these patients. Further, over-expression of constitutively activated SYK causes resistance to highly selective FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Up to now, the activity of the multi-targeted FLT3 inhibitor, midostaurin, against cells expressing activated SYK has not been explored in the context of leukemia, although SYK has been identified as a target of midostaurin in systemic mastocytosis. We compared the ability of midostaurin to inhibit activated SYK in mutant FLT3-positive AML cells with that of inhibitors displaying dual SYK/FLT3 inhibition, targeted SYK inhibition, and targeted FLT3 inhibition. Our findings suggest that dual FLT3/SYK inhibitors and FLT3-targeted drugs potently kill oncogenic FLT3-transformed cells, while SYK-targeted small molecule inhibition displays minimal activity. However, midostaurin and other dual FLT3/SYK inhibitors display superior anti-proliferative activity when compared to targeted FLT3 inhibitors, such as crenolanib and quizartinib, against cells co-expressing FLT3-ITD and constitutively activated SYK-TEL. Interestingly, additional SYK suppression potentiated the effects of dual FLT3/SYK inhibitors and targeted FLT3 inhibitors against FLT3-ITD-driven leukemia, both in the absence and presence of activated SYK. Taken together, our findings have important implications for the design of drug combination studies in mutant FLT3-positive patients and for the design of future generations of FLT3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandre Puissant
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chengcheng Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Buonopane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John F Daley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suzan Lazo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renee Wright
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David M Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda L Christie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Maihöfer NA, Suleiman S, Dreymüller D, Manley PW, Rossaint R, Uhlig S, Martin C, Rieg AD. Imatinib relaxes the pulmonary venous bed of guinea pigs. Respir Res 2017; 18:32. [PMID: 28178968 PMCID: PMC5299687 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the IMPRES study revealed that systemic imatinib improves exercise capacity in patients with advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Imatinib blocks the tyrosine kinase activity of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-receptor (PDGFR), acts antiproliferative and relaxes pulmonary arteries. However so far, the relaxant effects of imatinib on pulmonary veins (PVs) and on the postcapillary resistance are unknown, although pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (LHD) is most common and primarily affects PVs. Next, it is unknown whether activation of PDGFR alters the pulmonary venous tone. Due to the reported adverse effects of systemic imatinib, we evaluated the effects of nebulized imatinib on the postcapillary resistance. Methods Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were prepared from guinea pigs. PVs were pre-constricted with Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the imatinib-induced relaxation was studied by videomicroscopy; PDGF-BB-related vascular properties were evaluated as well. The effects of perfused/nebulized imatinib on the postcapillary resistance were studied in cavine isolated perfused lungs (IPL). Intracellular cAMP/cGMP was measured by ELISA in PVs. Results In PCLS, imatinib (100 μM) relaxed pre-constricted PVs (126%). In PVs, imatinib increased cAMP, but not cGMP and inhibition of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase A reduced the imatinib-induced relaxation. Further, inhibition of KATP-channels, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ {\mathrm{BK}}_{\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+} $$\end{document}BKCa2+-channels or Kv-channels diminished the imatinib-induced relaxation, whereas inhibition of NO-signaling was without effect. In the IPL, perfusion or nebulization of imatinib reduced the ET-1-induced increase of the postcapillary resistance. In PCLS, PDGF-BB contracted PVs, which was blocked by imatinib and by the PDGFR-β kinase inhibitor SU6668, whereas inhibition of PDGFR-α (ponatinib) had no significant effect. Conversely, PDGFR-β kinase inhibitors (SU6668/DMPQ) relaxed PVs pre-constricted with ET-1 comparable to imatinib, whereas the PDGFR-α kinase inhibitor ponatinib did not. Conclusions Imatinib-induced relaxation depends on cAMP and on the activation of K+-channels. Perfused or nebulized imatinib significantly reduces the postcapillary resistance in the pre-constricted (ET-1) pulmonary venous bed. Hence, nebulization of imatinib is feasible and might reduce systemic side effects. Conversely, PDGF-BB contracts PVs by activation of PDGFR-β suggesting that imatinib-induced relaxation depends on PDGFR-β-antagonism. Imatinib combines short-term relaxant and long-term antiproliferative effects. Thus, imatinib might be a promising therapy for PH due to LHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Maihöfer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Said Suleiman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Dreymüller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette D Rieg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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18
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Manley PW, Stiefl NJ. Progress in the Discovery of BCR-ABL Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Leukemia. Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2017_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Bold G, Schnell C, Furet P, McSheehy P, Brüggen J, Mestan J, Manley PW, Drückes P, Burglin M, Dürler U, Loretan J, Reuter R, Wartmann M, Theuer A, Bauer-Probst B, Martiny-Baron G, Allegrini P, Goepfert A, Wood J, Littlewood-Evans A. A Novel Potent Oral Series of VEGFR2 Inhibitors Abrogate Tumor Growth by Inhibiting Angiogenesis. J Med Chem 2015; 59:132-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bold
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schnell
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul McSheehy
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef Brüggen
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Mestan
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul W. Manley
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Drückes
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marion Burglin
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Dürler
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Loretan
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Reuter
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Theuer
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Bauer-Probst
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Martiny-Baron
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Allegrini
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Goepfert
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeanette Wood
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Van Looy T, Wozniak A, Floris G, Sciot R, Li H, Wellens J, Vanleeuw U, Fletcher JA, Manley PW, Debiec-Rychter M, Schöffski P. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors combined with imatinib in patient-derived xenograft models of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: rationale and efficacy. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6071-82. [PMID: 25316817 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PI3K signaling pathway drives tumor cell proliferation and survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). We tested the in vivo efficacy of three PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) in patient-derived GIST xenograft models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN One hundred and sixty-eight nude mice were grafted with human GIST carrying diverse KIT genotypes and PTEN genomic status. Animals were dosed orally for two weeks as follows: control group (untreated); imatinib (IMA); PI3Ki (BKM120-buparlisib, BEZ235, or BYL719) or combinations of imatinib with a PI3Ki. Western blotting, histopathology, and tumor volume evolution were used for the assessment of treatment efficacy. Furthermore, tumor regrowth was evaluated for three weeks after treatment cessation. RESULTS PI3Ki monotherapy showed a significant antitumor effect, reflected in tumor volume reduction or stabilization, inhibitory effects on mitotic activity, and PI3K signaling inhibition. The IMA+PI3Ki combination remarkably improved the efficacy of either single-agent treatment with more pronounced tumor volume reduction and enhanced proapoptotic effects over either single agent. Response to IMA+PI3Ki was found to depend on the KIT genotype and specific model-related molecular characteristics. CONCLUSION IMA+PI3Ki has significant antitumor efficacy in GIST xenografts as compared with single-agent treatment, resulting in more prominent tumor volume reduction and enhanced induction of apoptosis. Categorization of GIST based on KIT genotype and PI3K/PTEN genomic status combined with dose optimization is suggested for patient selection for clinical trials exploring such combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Looy
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Wozniak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Sciot
- Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Haifu Li
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasmien Wellens
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulla Vanleeuw
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan A Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Fu D, Zhou J, Zhu WS, Manley PW, Wang YK, Hood T, Wylie A, Xie XS. Imaging the intracellular distribution of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in living cells with quantitative hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering. Nat Chem 2014; 6:614-22. [PMID: 24950332 PMCID: PMC4205760 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABL1 tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) are a front-line therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia and represent the best known examples of targeted cancer therapeutics. However, the dynamic uptake of low molecular weight TKIs into cells and their intracellular behavior is largely unknown due to the difficulty of observing non-fluorescent small molecules at subcellular resolution. Here we report the direct label-free visualization and quantification of two TKI drugs – imatinib and nilotinib inside living cells using hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging. Both drugs were enriched over 1000-fold in lysosomes as a result of their lysosomotropic properties. In addition, low solubility appeared to contribute significantly to the surprisingly large accumulation of nilotinib. We further show that the lysosomal trapping of imatinib was reduced by more than 10-fold when using chloroquine simultaneously, suggesting that chloroquine may increase the efficacy of TKIs through lysosome mediated drug-drug interaction besides the commonly proposed autophagy inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fu
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2]
| | - Jing Zhou
- 1] Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2]
| | - Wenjing Suzanne Zhu
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Y Karen Wang
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tami Hood
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Andrew Wylie
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Sunney Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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22
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Ringel F, Kaeda J, Schwarz M, Oberender C, Grille P, Dörken B, Marque F, Manley PW, Radimerski T, le Coutre P. Effects of Jak2 type 1 inhibitors NVP-BSK805 and NVP-BVB808 on Jak2 mutation-positive and Bcr-Abl-positive cell lines. Acta Haematol 2014; 132:75-86. [PMID: 24504330 DOI: 10.1159/000356784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases are critical components of signaling pathways that regulate hematopoiesis. Mutations of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase JAK2 are found in many BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Preclinical results support that JAK2 inhibitors could show efficacy in treating chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. JAK2 has also been postulated to play a role in BCR-ABL signal transduction. Therefore, inhibitors of JAK2 kinases are turning into therapeutic strategies for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In this study, the effects of two novel JAK2 inhibitors, NVP-BSK805 and NVP-BVB808, have been investigated in cell lines expressing either BCR-ABL or mutant JAK2. Possible synergies between NVP-BSK805/NVP-BVB808 and the kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib were assessed. Proliferation and apoptosis tests with both substances showed response in the following cell lines: CHRF-288-11, SET-2 and UKE-1. All BCR-ABL-positive cell lines showed some reduction in proliferation, but with half-maximal growth-inhibitory values >1 µM. Combination of the JAK2 inhibitors with imatinib and nilotinib showed no significant additive or synergistic effects, although all BCR-ABL-positive cell lines responded well to both CML therapeutic agents. Interestingly, it seemed that the combination of imatinib with NVP-BSK805 had a protective effect on the cells. Combination treatment with nilotinib did not show this effect.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Janus Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mutation
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/drug therapy
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/enzymology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Quinoxalines/administration & dosage
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ringel
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Jiang W, Schnabel C, Spyra M, Mautner VF, Friedrich RE, Hagel C, Manley PW, Kluwe L. Efficacy and selectivity of nilotinib on NF1-associated tumors in vitro. J Neurooncol 2013; 116:231-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Corbin AS, O'Hare T, Gu Z, Kraft IL, Eiring AM, Khorashad JS, Pomicter AD, Zhang TY, Eide CA, Manley PW, Cortes JE, Druker BJ, Deininger MW. KIT signaling governs differential sensitivity of mature and primitive CML progenitors to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5775-86. [PMID: 23887971 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib and other BCR-ABL1 inhibitors are effective therapies for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but these inhibitors target additional kinases including KIT, raising the question of whether off-target effects contribute to clinical efficacy. On the basis of its involvement in CML pathogenesis, we hypothesized that KIT may govern responses of CML cells to imatinib. To test this, we assessed the growth of primary CML progenitor cells under conditions of sole BCR-ABL1, sole KIT, and dual BCR-ABL1/KIT inhibition. Sole BCR-ABL1 inhibition suppressed mature CML progenitor cells, but these effects were largely abolished by stem cell factor (SCF) and maximal suppression required dual BCR-ABL1/KIT inhibition. In contrast, KIT inhibition did not add to the effects of BCR-ABL1 inhibition in primitive progenitors, represented by CD34(+)38(-) cells. Long-term culture-initiating cell assays on murine stroma revealed profound depletion of primitive CML cells by sole BCR-ABL1 inhibition despite the presence of SCF, suggesting that primitive CML cells are unable to use SCF as a survival factor upon BCR-ABL1 inhibition. In CD34(+)38(+) cells, SCF strongly induced pAKT(S473) in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner, which was further enhanced by inhibition of BCR-ABL1 and associated with increased colony survival. In contrast, pAKT(S473) levels remained low in CD34(+)38(-) cells cultured under the same conditions. Consistent with reduced response to SCF, KIT surface expression was significantly lower on CD34(+)38(-) compared with CD34(+)38(+) CML cells, suggesting a possible mechanism for the differential effects of SCF on mature and primitive CML progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie S Corbin
- Authors' Affiliations: OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland; Huntsman Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Manley PW, Blasco F, Mestan J, Aichholz R. The kinetic deuterium isotope effect as applied to metabolic deactivation of imatinib to the des-methyl metabolite, CGP74588. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3231-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nicolini FE, Manley PW, Brümmendorf TH. Nilotinib, imatinib, and telomere homeostasis disruption in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Van Looy T, Wozniak A, Sciot R, Floris G, Manley PW, Debiec-Rychter M, Schöffski P. Efficacy of a phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) models. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10030 Background: PI3K signaling is crucial for GIST proliferation and survival. We assessed the efficacy of the PI3K inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ), alone or in combination with imatinib (IM), in GIST xenografts. Methods: Nude mice were grafted bilaterally with human GIST, carrying either KIT exon 9 (GIST-BOE, dose-dependent IM resistant) or exon 11 (GIST-DFR, IM sensitive) mutations. Animals, randomized into four groups (n=8/group) were dosed orally for 2 weeks with either vehicle, IM (50mg/kg/bid), BEZ (10mg/kg/qd), or IM+BEZ. Treatment efficacy was assessed by tumor volume, histopathology and Western immunoblotting. Moreover tumor regrowth was evaluated for 3 weeks after treatment cessation. Results: As a single agent IM and BEZ stabilized tumor growth of both GIST-BOE and DFR. Moderate to significant tumor regression was observed in GIST-BOE under BEZ (by 27%), and IM+BEZ (66%), and also in GIST-DFR under IM (75%) and IM+BEZ (75%). In GIST-BOE significant reduction in mitotic index was observed under BEZ (8.5 fold) and IM+BEZ (8.5 fold) as compared to control. In GIST-DFR mitotic activity was virtually absent under all regimens. Apoptotic activity increased significantly after treatment with IM (5.5 fold) and IM+BEZ (14.0 fold) in GIST-DFR, whereas it was almost unaffected by BEZ as single agent, as well as in all treatment groups in GIST-BOE. By Western, PI3K signaling was incompletely inhibited in all groups in GIST-DFR, and after BEZ in GIST-BOE. Complete inhibition of PI3K signaling was observed only after combination treatment. After treatment cessation long-lasting growth-inhibition was observed in IM+BEZ treated GIST-DFR. Moreover, mitotic index after BEZ and BEZ+IM in GIST-DFR was lower than in control even after treatment withdrawal. Conclusions: BEZ shows significant efficacy in GIST xenografts. Furthermore, combination with IM shows synergistic and long-lasting effects even after treatment withdrawal, which is not the case with drugs routinely used for GIST treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Looy
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Department of General Medical Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Wozniak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Department of General Medical Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Sciot
- Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul W. Manley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Department of General Medical Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
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Andraos R, Qian Z, Bonenfant D, Rubert J, Vangrevelinghe E, Scheufler C, Marque F, Régnier CH, De Pover A, Ryckelynck H, Bhagwat N, Koppikar P, Goel A, Wyder L, Tavares G, Baffert F, Pissot-Soldermann C, Manley PW, Gaul C, Voshol H, Levine RL, Sellers WR, Hofmann F, Radimerski T. Modulation of activation-loop phosphorylation by JAK inhibitors is binding mode dependent. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:512-523. [PMID: 22684457 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are being developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and leukemias. Most of these drugs target the ATP-binding pocket and stabilize the active conformation of the JAK kinases. This type I binding mode can lead to an increase in JAK activation loop phosphorylation, despite blockade of kinase function. Here we report that stabilizing the inactive state via type II inhibition acts in the opposite manner, leading to a loss of activation loop phosphorylation. We used X-ray crystallography to corroborate the binding mode and report for the first time the crystal structure of the JAK2 kinase domain in an inactive conformation. Importantly, JAK inhibitor-induced activation loop phosphorylation requires receptor interaction, as well as intact kinase and pseudokinase domains. Hence, depending on the respective conformation stabilized by a JAK inhibitor, hyperphosphorylation of the activation loop may or may not be elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Andraos
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiyan Qian
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Débora Bonenfant
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Rubert
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vangrevelinghe
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Scheufler
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Marque
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Régnier
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alain De Pover
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Ryckelynck
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Neha Bhagwat
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.,Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Priya Koppikar
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Aviva Goel
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Lorenza Wyder
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gisele Tavares
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Baffert
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul W Manley
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gaul
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Voshol
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - William R Sellers
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radimerski
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Weisberg E, Azab AK, Manley PW, Kung AL, Christie AL, Bronson R, Ghobrial IM, Griffin JD. Inhibition of CXCR4 in CML cells disrupts their interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment and sensitizes them to nilotinib. Leukemia 2012; 26:985-90. [PMID: 22182920 PMCID: PMC4124489 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a growing area of concern. It has been shown that a small, residual pool of leukemic CD34+ progenitor cells can survive in the marrow microenvironment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients after years of kinase inhibitor treatment. Bone marrow (BM) stroma has been implicated in the long-term survival of leukemic cells, and contributes to the expansion and proliferation of both transformed and normal hematopoietic cells. Mechanistically, we found that CML cells expressed CXCR4, and that plerixafor diminished BCR-ABL-positive cell migration and reduced adhesion of these cells to extra cellular-matrix components and to BM stromal cells in vitro. Moreover, plerixafor decreased the drug resistance of CML cells induced by co-culture with BM stromal cells in vitro. Using a functional mouse model of progressive and residual disease, we demonstrated the ability of the CXCR4 inhibitor, plerixafor, to mobilize leukemic cells in vivo, such that a plerixafor-nilotinib combination reduced the leukemia burden in mice significantly below the baseline level suppression exhibited by a moderate-to-high dose of nilotinib as single agent. These results support the idea of using CXCR4 inhibition in conjunction with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibition to override drug resistance in CML and suppress or eradicate residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Andrew L. Kung
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda L. Christie
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rod Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - James D. Griffin
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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30
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Choi HG, Ren P, Adrian F, Sun F, Lee HS, Wang X, Ding Q, Zhang G, Xie Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Tuntland T, Warmuth M, Manley PW, Mestan J, Gray NS, Sim T. A type-II kinase inhibitor capable of inhibiting the T315I "gatekeeper" mutant of Bcr-Abl. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5439-48. [PMID: 20604564 DOI: 10.1021/jm901808w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The second generation of Bcr-Abl inhibitors nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib developed to override imatinib resistance are not active against the T315I "gatekeeper" mutation. Here we describe a type-II T315I inhibitor 2 (GNF-7), based upon a 3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one scaffold which is capable of potently inhibiting wild-type and T315I Bcr-Abl as well as other clinically relevant Bcr-Abl mutants such as G250E, Q252H, Y253H, E255K, E255V, F317L, and M351T in biochemical and cellular assays. In addition, compound 2 displayed significant in vivo efficacy against T315I-Bcr-Abl without appreciable toxicity in a bioluminescent xenograft mouse model using a transformed T315I-Bcr-Abl-Ba/F3 cell line that has a stable luciferase expression. Compound 2 is among the first type-II inhibitors capable of inhibiting T315I to be described and will serve as a valuable lead to design the third generation Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Geun Choi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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31
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Manley PW, Stiefl N, Cowan-Jacob SW, Kaufman S, Mestan J, Wartmann M, Wiesmann M, Woodman R, Gallagher N. Structural resemblances and comparisons of the relative pharmacological properties of imatinib and nilotinib. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6977-86. [PMID: 20817538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although orphan drug applications required by the EMEA must include assessments of similarity to pre-existing products, these can be difficult to quantify. Here we illustrate a paradigm in comparing nilotinib to the prototype kinase inhibitor imatinib, and equate the degree of structural similarity to differences in properties. Nilotinib was discovered following re-engineering of imatinib, employing structural biology and medicinal chemistry strategies to optimise cellular potency and selectivity towards BCR-ABL1. Through evolving only to conserve these properties, this resulted in significant structural differences between nilotinib and imatinib, quantified by a Daylight-fingerprint-Tanimoto similarity coefficient of 0.6, with the meaning of this absolute measure being supported by an analysis of similarity distributions of similar drug-like molecules. This dissimilarity is reflected in the drugs having substantially different preclinical pharmacology and a lack of cross-intolerance in CML patients, which translates into nilotinib being an efficacious treatment for CML, with a favourable side-effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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32
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White DL, Dang P, Engler J, Frede A, Zrim S, Osborn M, Saunders VA, Manley PW, Hughes TP. Functional Activity of the OCT-1 Protein Is Predictive of Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Imatinib. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2761-7. [PMID: 20421539 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Organic cation transporter-1 (OCT-1) activity (OA), a measure of the OCT-1–mediated influx of imatinib into CML mononuclear cells (MNCs), is predictive of major molecular response (MMR) at 12 and 24 months in patients with untreated CML. We now report the impact of OA on loss of response, disease transformation, and survival after 5 years of imatinib. Patients and Methods OA is defined as the difference in intracellular concentration of carbon-14–imatinib with and without OCT-1 inhibition. OA was measured in blood from 56 patients with untreated chronic-phase CML. Results More patients who had high OA (ie, > median OA value) achieved MMR by 60 months compared with patients who had low OA (89% v 55%; P = .007). A low OA was associated with a significantly lower overall survival (87% v 96%; P = .028) and event-free survival (EFS; 48% v 74%; P = .03) as well as a higher kinase domain mutation rate (21% v 4%; P = .047). These differences were highly significant in patients who averaged less than 600 mg/d of imatinib in the first 12 months but were not significant in patients averaging ≥ 600 mg/d. Patients with very low OA (ie, quartile 1) were the only group who developed leukemic transformation (21% in quartile 1 v 0% in all other quartiles; P = .002). Conclusion Measurement of OA pretherapy is a predictor for the long-term risk of resistance and transformation in patients with imatinib-treated CML. Early dose-intensity may reduce the negative prognostic impact of low OA. We propose that OA could be used to individualize dosage strategies for patients with CML to maximize molecular response and optimize long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. White
- From SA Pathology (RAH Campus); Centre for Cancer Biology; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Phuong Dang
- From SA Pathology (RAH Campus); Centre for Cancer Biology; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jane Engler
- From SA Pathology (RAH Campus); Centre for Cancer Biology; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amity Frede
- From SA Pathology (RAH Campus); Centre for Cancer Biology; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Zrim
- From SA Pathology (RAH Campus); Centre for Cancer Biology; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Osborn
- From SA Pathology (RAH Campus); Centre for Cancer Biology; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verity A. Saunders
- From SA Pathology (RAH Campus); Centre for Cancer Biology; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul W. Manley
- From SA Pathology (RAH Campus); Centre for Cancer Biology; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timothy P. Hughes
- From SA Pathology (RAH Campus); Centre for Cancer Biology; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
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Cullinane C, Natoli A, Hui Y, Conus N, Jackson S, Brüggen J, Manley PW, McArthur GA. Preclinical evaluation of nilotinib efficacy in an imatinib-resistant KIT-driven tumor model. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:1461-8. [PMID: 20442311 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel KIT inhibitor nilotinib is currently being evaluated for its clinical utility in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. However, the effects of nilotinib in cells expressing commonly occurring KIT mutations remain to be fully defined. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the efficacy of nilotinib against cells expressing imatinib-sensitive or imatinib-resistant KIT mutations and to evaluate [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging as a biomarker of nilotinib response in vivo. Nilotinib inhibited the proliferation of imatinib-responsive V560G-KIT FDC-P1 and imatinib-resistant D816V-KIT FDC-P1 cells with a GI(50) of 4.9 and 630 nmol/L, respectively, whereas apoptosis studies revealed that nilotinib and imatinib were equipotent against the V560G cell line. In contrast, although 10 micromol/L nilotinib induced >50% apoptosis in the D816V cells at 16 hours, 10 micromol/L imatinib had no effect on cell survival at 24 hours. Syngeneic DBA2/J mice bearing FDC-P1-KIT tumors were evaluated for response to nilotinib by FDG-PET. V560G-KIT FDC-P1 tumor FDG uptake was significantly reduced compared with baseline levels following 2 days of nilotinib treatment. In contrast, no effect of nilotinib was observed on tumor growth or FDG-PET uptake into D816V tumors despite intratumoral drug levels reaching in excess of 10 micromol/L at 4 hours after dosing. Biomarker analysis revealed the inhibition of KIT phosphorylation in V560G but not D816V tumors. These findings show the in vivo activity of nilotinib in the treatment of tumors bearing V560G-KIT but not D816V-KIT and the utility of FDG-PET imaging to assess tumor response to this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleen Cullinane
- Translational Research Laboratory, Research Division, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Fabbro D, Manley PW, Jahnke W, Liebetanz J, Szyttenholm A, Fendrich G, Strauss A, Zhang J, Gray NS, Adrian F, Warmuth M, Pelle X, Grotzfeld R, Berst F, Marzinzik A, Cowan-Jacob SW, Furet P, Mestan J. Inhibitors of the Abl kinase directed at either the ATP- or myristate-binding site. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1804:454-62. [PMID: 20152788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-competitive inhibitors dasatinib and nilotinib, which bind to catalytically different conformations of the Abl kinase domain, have recently been approved for the treatment of imatinib-resistant CML. These two new drugs, albeit very efficient against most of the imatinib-resistant mutants of Bcr-Abl, fail to effectively suppress the Bcr-Abl activity of the T315I (or gatekeeper) mutation. Generating new ATP site-binding drugs that target the T315I in Abl has been hampered, amongst others, by target selectivity, which is frequently an issue when developing ATP-competitive inhibitors. Recently, using an unbiased cellular screening approach, GNF-2, a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor, has been identified that demonstrates cellular activity against Bcr-Abl transformed cells. The exquisite selectivity of GNF-2 is due to the finding that it targets the myristate binding site located near the C-terminus of the Abl kinase domain, as demonstrated by genetic approaches, solution NMR and X-ray crystallography. GNF-2, like myristate, is able to induce and/or stabilize the clamped inactive conformation of Abl analogous to the SH2-Y527 interaction of Src. The molecular mechanism for allosteric inhibition by the GNF-2 inhibitor class, and the combined effects with ATP-competitive inhibitors such as nilotinib and imatinib on wild-type Abl and imatinib-resistant mutants, in particular the T315I gatekeeper mutant, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriano Fabbro
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Laneuville P, Dilea C, Yin OQP, Woodman RC, Mestan J, Manley PW. Comparative In vitro cellular data alone are insufficient to predict clinical responses and guide the choice of BCR-ABL inhibitor for treating imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:e169-71; author reply e172. [PMID: 20194843 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Benzamides
- Cell Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Practice Guidelines as Topic
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
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Zhang J, Adrián FJ, Jahnke W, Cowan-Jacob SW, Li AG, Iacob RE, Sim T, Powers J, Dierks C, Sun F, Guo GR, Ding Q, Okram B, Choi Y, Wojciechowski A, Deng X, Liu G, Fendrich G, Strauss A, Vajpai N, Grzesiek S, Tuntland T, Liu Y, Bursulaya B, Azam M, Manley PW, Engen JR, Daley GQ, Warmuth M, Gray NS. Targeting Bcr-Abl by combining allosteric with ATP-binding-site inhibitors. Nature 2010; 463:501-6. [PMID: 20072125 DOI: 10.1038/nature08675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to find new pharmacological modalities to overcome resistance to ATP-binding-site inhibitors of Bcr-Abl, we recently reported the discovery of GNF-2, a selective allosteric Bcr-Abl inhibitor. Here, using solution NMR, X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis and hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry, we show that GNF-2 binds to the myristate-binding site of Abl, leading to changes in the structural dynamics of the ATP-binding site. GNF-5, an analogue of GNF-2 with improved pharmacokinetic properties, when used in combination with the ATP-competitive inhibitors imatinib or nilotinib, suppressed the emergence of resistance mutations in vitro, displayed additive inhibitory activity in biochemical and cellular assays against T315I mutant human Bcr-Abl and displayed in vivo efficacy against this recalcitrant mutant in a murine bone-marrow transplantation model. These results show that therapeutically relevant inhibition of Bcr-Abl activity can be achieved with inhibitors that bind to the myristate-binding site and that combining allosteric and ATP-competitive inhibitors can overcome resistance to either agent alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology, Seeley G. Mudd Building 628, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Manley PW, Drueckes P, Fendrich G, Furet P, Liebetanz J, Martiny-Baron G, Mestan J, Trappe J, Wartmann M, Fabbro D. Extended kinase profile and properties of the protein kinase inhibitor nilotinib. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1804:445-53. [PMID: 19922818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As a drug used to treat imatinib-resistant and -intolerant, chronic and advanced phase chronic myelogenous leukaemia, nilotinib is well characterised as a potent inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase activity of wild-type and imatinib-resistant mutant forms of BCR-Abl. Here we review the profile of nilotinib as a protein kinase inhibitor. Although an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Abl, nilotinib binds to a catalytically inactive conformation (DFG-out) of the activation loop. As a consequence of this, nilotinib exhibits time-dependent inhibition of Abl kinase in enzymatic assays, which can be extrapolated to other targets to explain differences between biochemical activity and cellular assays. Although these differences confound assessment of kinase selectivity, as assessed using a combination of protein binding and transphosphorylation assays, together with cellular autophosporylation and proliferation assays, well established kinase targets of nilotinib in rank order of inhibitory potency are DDR-1>DDR-2>BCR-Abl (Abl)>PDGFRalpha/beta>KIT>CSF-1R. In addition nilotinib has now been found to bind to both MAPK11 (p38beta) and MAPK12 (p38alpha), as well as with very high affinity to ZAK kinase. Although neither enzymatic nor cellular data are yet available to substantiate the drug as an inhibitor of ZAK phosphorylation, modeling predicts that it binds in an ATP-competitive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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38
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Eck MJ, Manley PW. The interplay of structural information and functional studies in kinase drug design: insights from BCR-Abl. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009; 21:288-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mahon FX, Hayette S, Lagarde V, Belloc F, Turcq B, Nicolini F, Belanger C, Manley PW, Leroy C, Etienne G, Roche S, Pasquet JM. Evidence that resistance to nilotinib may be due to BCR-ABL, Pgp, or Src kinase overexpression. Cancer Res 2009; 68:9809-16. [PMID: 19047160 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-Abl is an attractive therapeutic strategy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and in Bcr-Abl-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Whereas imatinib, a selective inhibitor of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, is now used in frontline therapy for CML, second-generation inhibitors of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase such as nilotinib or dasatinib have been developed for the treatment of imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant disease. In the current study, we generated nilotinib-resistant cell lines and investigated their mechanism of resistance. Overexpression of BCR-ABL and multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) were found among the investigated mechanisms. We showed that nilotinib is a substrate of the multidrug resistance gene product, P-glycoprotein, using verapamil or PSC833 to block binding. Up-regulated expression of p53/56 Lyn kinase, both at the mRNA and protein level, was found in one of the resistant cell lines and Lyn silencing by small interfering RNA restored sensitivity to nilotinib. Moreover, failure of nilotinib treatment was accompanied by an increase of Lyn mRNA expression in patients with resistant CML. Two Src kinase inhibitors (PP1 and PP2) partially removed resistance but did not significantly inhibit Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase activity. In contrast, dasatinib, a dual Bcr-Abl and Src kinase inhibitor, inhibited the phosphorylation of both BCR-ABL and Lyn, and induced apoptosis of the Bcr-Abl cell line overexpressing p53/56 Lyn. Such mechanisms of resistance are close to those observed in imatinib-resistant cell lines and emphasize the critical role of Lyn in nilotinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Mahon
- Hématopoïèse Leucémique et Cible Thérapeutique, INSERM U876, Université Victor Ségalen, Laboratoire d'hématologie CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
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40
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Day E, Waters B, Spiegel K, Alnadaf T, Manley PW, Buchdunger E, Walker C, Jarai G. Inhibition of collagen-induced discoidin domain receptor 1 and 2 activation by imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 599:44-53. [PMID: 18938156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib are protein kinase inhibitors which target the tyrosine kinase activity of the Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson kinase (BCR-ABL) and are used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia. Recently, using a chemical proteomics approach another tyrosine kinase, the collagen receptor Discoidin Domain Receptor1 (DDR1) has also been identified as a potential target of these compounds. To further investigate the interaction of imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib with DDR1 kinase we cloned and expressed human DDR1 and developed biochemical and cellular functional assays to assess their activity against DDR1 and the related receptor tyrosine kinase Discoidin Domain Receptor2 (DDR2). Our studies demonstrate that all 3 compounds are potent inhibitors of the kinase activity of both DDR1 and DDR2. In order to investigate the question of selectivity among DDR1, DDR2 and other tyrosine kinases we have aligned DDR1 and DDR2 protein sequences to other closely related members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family such as Muscle Specific Kinase (MUSK), insulin receptor (INSR), Abelson kinase (c-ABL), and the stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT) and have built homology models for the DDR1 and DDR2 kinase domains. In spite of high similarity among these kinases we show that there are differences within the ATP-phosphate binding loop (P-loop), which could be exploited to obtain kinase selective compounds. Furthermore, the potent DDR1 and DDR2 inhibitory activity of imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib may have therapeutic implications in a number of inflammatory, fibrotic and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Day
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Respiratory Disease Area, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, RH12 5AB, UK
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41
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Ganapathipillai SS, Medová M, Aebersold DM, Manley PW, Berthou S, Streit B, Blank-Liss W, Greiner RH, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Zimmer Y. Coupling of mutated Met variants to DNA repair via Abl and Rad51. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5769-77. [PMID: 18632630 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of DNA repair pathways by deregulated signaling of receptor tyrosine kinase systems is a compelling likelihood with significant implications in both cancer biology and treatment. Here, we show that due to a potential substrate switch, mutated variants of the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor Met, but not the wild-type form of the receptor, directly couple to the Abl tyrosine kinase and the Rad51 recombinase, two key signaling elements of homologous recombination-based DNA repair. Treatment of cells that express the mutated receptor variants with the Met inhibitor SU11274 leads, in a mutant-dependent manner, to a reduction of tyrosine phosphorylated levels of Abl and Rad51, impairs radiation-induced nuclear translocation of Rad51, and acts as a radiosensitizer together with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha by increasing cellular double-strand DNA break levels following exposure to ionizing radiation. Finally, we propose that in order to overcome a mutation-dependent resistance to SU11274, this aberrant molecular axis may alternatively be targeted with the Abl inhibitor, nilotinib.
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42
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Vajpai N, Strauss A, Fendrich G, Cowan-Jacob SW, Manley PW, Jahnke W, Grzesiek S. Backbone NMR resonance assignment of the Abelson kinase domain in complex with imatinib. Biomol NMR Assign 2008; 2:41-42. [PMID: 19636920 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-008-9079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib (Glivec or Gleevec) potently inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL, a constitutively activated kinase, which causes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Here we report the first almost complete backbone assignment of c-ABL kinase domain in complex with imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navratna Vajpai
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Vajpai N, Strauss A, Fendrich G, Cowan-Jacob SW, Manley PW, Grzesiek S, Jahnke W. Solution conformations and dynamics of ABL kinase-inhibitor complexes determined by NMR substantiate the different binding modes of imatinib/nilotinib and dasatinib. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18292-302. [PMID: 18434310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801337200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current structural understanding of kinases is largely based on x-ray crystallographic studies, whereas very little data exist on the conformations and dynamics that kinases adopt in the solution state. ABL kinase is an important drug target in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Here, we present the first characterization of ABL kinase in complex with three clinical inhibitors (imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib) by modern solution NMR techniques. Structural and dynamical results were derived from complete backbone resonance assignments, experimental residual dipolar couplings, and (15)N relaxation data. Residual dipolar coupling data on the imatinib and nilotinib complexes show that the activation loop adopts the inactive conformation, whereas the dasatinib complex preserves the active conformation, which does not support contrary predictions based upon molecular modeling. Nanosecond as well as microsecond dynamics can be detected for certain residues in the activation loop in the inactive and active conformation complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navratna Vajpai
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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44
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White DL, Saunders VA, Dang P, Engler J, Venables A, Zrim S, Zannettino A, Lynch K, Manley PW, Hughes T. Most CML patients who have a suboptimal response to imatinib have low OCT-1 activity: higher doses of imatinib may overcome the negative impact of low OCT-1 activity. Blood 2007; 110:4064-72. [PMID: 17761829 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-06-093617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interpatient variability in intracellular uptake and retention (IUR) of imatinib may be due to variable function of the OCT-1 influx pump. OCT-1 activity was measured in pretherapy blood from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients by calculating the difference in IUR of [14C]-imatinib with and without OCT-1 inhibition. Of patients with higher than median (high) OCT-1 activity, 85% achieved major molecular response (MMR) by 24 months, versus 45% with no more than a median (low) OCT-1 activity. Assessing patients receiving 600 mg imatinib per day and those averaging fewer than 600 mg over 12 months of therapy revealed patients with high OCT-1 activity achieved excellent molecular response regardless of dose, whereas response of patients with low OCT-1 activity was highly dose dependent. Of patients with low OCT-1 activity who received fewer than 600 mg, 45% failed to achieve a 2-log reduction by 12 months, and 82% failed to achieve a MMR by 18 months, compared with 8% and 17% in the cohort with high OCT-1 activity and dose less than 600 mg/day (P = .017 and P = .022). OCT-1 activity is an important determinant of molecular response to imatinib, with predictive value closely linked to dose. This pretherapy assay identifies patients at greatest risk of suboptimal response where dose intensity is critical, and those likely to respond equally well to standard dose imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L White
- Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, Australia.
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45
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Shemon AN, Sluyter R, Stokes L, Manley PW, Wiley JS. Inhibition of the human P2X7 receptor by a novel protein tyrosine kinase antagonist. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 365:515-20. [PMID: 17999916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A panel of 18 protein tyrosine kinase antagonists were tested for their inhibitory effect on human P2X(7) receptor-mediated (86)Rb(+) (K(+)) efflux. The most potent compound (compound P), a phthalazinamine derivative and an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinase, blocked ATP-induced (86)Rb(+)-efflux in human B-lymphocytes and erythrocytes by 76% and 66%, respectively. This inhibition was dose-dependent in both cell types with an IC(50) of approximately 5muM. Kinetic analysis showed compound P was a non-competitive inhibitor of P2X(7). This compound also inhibited ATP-induced ethidium(+) influx into B-lymphocytes and P2X(7)-transfected-HEK-293 cells, as well as ATP-induced (86)Rb(+)-efflux from canine erythrocytes. Externally, but not internally, applied compound P impaired ATP-induced inward currents in P2X(7)-transfected-HEK-293 cells. This study demonstrates that a novel protein tyrosine kinase antagonist directly impairs native and recombinant human P2X(7) receptors. The data suggests that antagonists which target ATP-binding sites of kinases may potentially block the P2X(7) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne N Shemon
- Department of Medicine, Nepean Clinical School, University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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46
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Brownlow N, Russell AE, Saravanapavan H, Wiesmann M, Murray JM, Manley PW, Dibb NJ. Comparison of nilotinib and imatinib inhibition of FMS receptor signaling, macrophage production and osteoclastogenesis. Leukemia 2007; 22:649-52. [PMID: 17851554 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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47
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Ray A, Cowan-Jacob SW, Manley PW, Mestan J, Griffin JD. Identification of BCR-ABL point mutations conferring resistance to the Abl kinase inhibitor AMN107 (nilotinib) by a random mutagenesis study. Blood 2007; 109:5011-5. [PMID: 17303698 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-01-015347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with advanced stages of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) often manifest imatinib mesylate resistance associated with point mutations in BCR-ABL. AMN107 is a new higher-potency inhibitor of BCR-ABL. To identify mutations in BCR-ABL that could result in resistance to AMN107, a cDNA library of BCR-ABL mutants was introduced into Ba/F3 cells followed by selection in AMN107 (0.125-0.5 μM). A total of 86 individual, drug-resistant colonies were recovered, and the SH3, SH2, and kinase domains of BCR-ABL were sequenced. A total of 46 colonies had single point mutations in BCR-ABL, with a total of 17 different mutations, all within the kinase domain. The other 40 colonies had multiple point mutations and were not analyzed further. Each of the 17 single point mutants were reconstructed by site-directed mutagenesis of native BCR-ABL and found to be approximately 2.5- to 800-fold more resistant to AMN107 than native BCR-ABL. The mutations included 6 known imatinib mesylate–resistant mutations, including T315I, which showed complete resistance to AMN107. Interestingly, most AMN107-resistant mutants were also resistant to imatinib mesylate. These results may predict some of the resistance mutations that will be detected in clinical trials with this kinase inhibitor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Mutagenesis
- Mutation
- Point Mutation
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ray
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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48
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White DL, Saunders VA, Quinn SR, Manley PW, Hughes TP. Imatinib increases the intracellular concentration of nilotinib, which may explain the observed synergy between these drugs. Blood 2007; 109:3609-10. [PMID: 17409347 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-11-058032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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49
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Weisberg E, Manley PW, Cowan-Jacob SW, Hochhaus A, Griffin JD. Second generation inhibitors of BCR-ABL for the treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7:345-56. [PMID: 17457302 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib, a small-molecule ABL kinase inhibitor, is a highly effective therapy for early-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), which has constitutively active ABL kinase activity owing to the expression of the BCR-ABL fusion protein. However, there is a high relapse rate among advanced- and blast-crisis-phase patients owing to the development of mutations in the ABL kinase domain that cause drug resistance. Several second-generation ABL kinase inhibitors have been or are being developed for the treatment of imatinib-resistant CML. Here, we describe the mechanism of action of imatinib in CML, the structural basis of imatinib resistance, and the potential of second-generation BCR-ABL inhibitors to circumvent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Mayer 540, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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50
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Cowan-Jacob SW, Fendrich G, Floersheimer A, Furet P, Liebetanz J, Rummel G, Rheinberger P, Centeleghe M, Fabbro D, Manley PW. Structural biology contributions to the discovery of drugs to treat chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2007; 63:80-93. [PMID: 17164530 PMCID: PMC2483489 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444906047287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) results from the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein, which has a constitutively activated Abl tyrosine kinase domain. Although most chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib as first-line therapy maintain excellent durable responses, patients who have progressed to advanced-stage CML frequently fail to respond or lose their response to therapy owing to the emergence of drug-resistant mutants of the protein. More than 40 such point mutations have been observed in imatinib-resistant patients. The crystal structures of wild-type and mutant Abl kinase in complex with imatinib and other small-molecule Abl inhibitors were determined, with the aim of understanding the molecular basis of resistance and to aid in the design and optimization of inhibitors active against the resistance mutants. These results are presented in a way which illustrates the approaches used to generate multiple structures, the type of information that can be gained and the way that this information is used to support drug discovery.
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