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Rosenberg T, Nørby S, Schwartz M, Saillard J, Magalhães PJ, Leroy D, Kann EC, Duno M. Prevalence and Genetics of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in the Danish Population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:1370-5. [PMID: 27007794 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In Denmark, the occurrence of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) has continuously been monitored since 1944. We provide here a summary of 70 years of data collection including registered lines and subjects by the end of 2012. METHODS Affected individuals were identified from a national register of hereditary eye diseases at the National Eye Clinic (NEC), a tertiary low vision rehabilitation center for the entire Danish population. The assembling of LHON pedigrees was based on the reconstruction of published families and newly diagnosed cases from 1980 to 2012 identified in the files of NEC. Genealogic follow-up on the maternal ancestry of all affected individuals was performed to identify a possible relation to an already known maternal line. A full genotypic characterization of the nation-based LHON cohort is provided. RESULTS Forty different lines were identified. The number of live affected individuals with a verified mitochondrial DNA mutation was 104 on January 1, 2013, which translates to a prevalence rate of 1:54,000 in the Danish population. CONCLUSIONS Haplogroup distribution as well as mutational spectrum of the Danish LHON cohort do not deviate from those of other European populations. The genealogic follow-up reveals a relatively high turnover among families with approximately 15 newly affected families per century and the dying out of earlier maternal lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rosenberg
- National Eye Clinic Kennedy Center, Glostrup, Denmark 2Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Nørby
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Schwartz
- Department of Clinical Genetics 4062, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Paulo J Magalhães
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - David Leroy
- Centre d'Etude des Transformations des Activités Physiques et Sportives (CETAPS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Erik C Kann
- National Eye Clinic Kennedy Center, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Morten Duno
- Department of Clinical Genetics 4062, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Magalhães PJ, Barbosa AR, Gonçalves LM, Pacheco JG, Guido LF, Brányik T, Rodrigues PG, Kuncová G, Dostálek P, Barros AA. The impact of xanthohumol on a brewing yeast's viability, vitality and metabolite formation. J Inst Brew 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Costa R, Negrão R, Valente I, Castela Â, Duarte D, Guardão L, Magalhães PJ, Rodrigues JA, Guimarães JT, Gomes P, Soares R. Xanthohumol modulates inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis in type 1 diabetic rat skin wound healing. J Nat Prod 2013; 76:2047-2053. [PMID: 24200239 DOI: 10.1021/np4002898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is responsible for metabolic dysfunction, accompanied by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelium dysfunction, and is often associated with impaired wound healing. Phenol-rich food improves vascular function, contributing to diabetes prevention. This study has evaluated the effect of phenol-rich beverage consumption in diabetic rats on wound healing, through angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress modulation. A wound-healing assay was performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats drinking water, 5% ethanol, and stout beer with and without 10 mg/L xanthohumol (1), for a five-week period. Wounded skin microvessel density was reduced to normal values upon consumption of 1 in diabetic rats, being accompanied by decreased serum VEGF-A and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, NO, N-acetylglucosaminidase). Systemic glutathione and kidney and liver H2O2, 3-nitrotyrosine, and protein carbonylation also decreased to healthy levels after treatment with 1, implying an improvement in oxidative stress status. These findings suggest that consumption of xanthohumol (1) by diabetic animals consistently decreases inflammation and oxidative stress, allowing neovascularization control and improving diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Costa
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Magalhães PJ, Carvalho AB, Gonçalves LM, Pacheco JG, Guido LF, Brányik T, Rodrigues PG, Kuncová G, Dostálek P, Barros AA. The Impact of Xanthohumol on a Brewing Yeast's Viability, Vitality and Metabolite Formation. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2011.tb00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Magalhães PJ, Dostalek P, Cruz JM, Guido LF, Barros AA. The Impact of a Xanthohumol-Enriched Hop Product on the Behavior of Xanthohumol and Isoxanthohumol in Pale and Dark Beers: A Pilot Scale Approach. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vinhote JFC, Torres AFC, Dantas RT, Praciano TP, Menezes RRPPB, Sousa DF, Brito TS, Lima FJB, Toyama MH, Magalhães PJ, Monteiro HSA, Martins-Nunes AMC. Renal- and calcium-dependent vascular effects of Polybia paulista wasp venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992011000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Magalhães PJ, Vieira JS, Gonçalves LM, Pacheco JG, Guido LF, Barros AA. Isolation of phenolic compounds from hop extracts using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone: Characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3258-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Magalhães PJ, Carvalho DO, Cruz JM, Guido LF, Barros AA. Fundamentals and Health Benefits of Xanthohumol, a Natural Product Derived from Hops and Beer. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in phenolic compounds and their presumed role in the prevention of various degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hops and beer, is among the phenolic compounds which have received the most attention in recent years. This compound has a range of interesting biological properties that may have therapeutic utility. Based on the health-promoting properties of xanthohumol, the production of a beer enriched in this substance would be of huge interest to the brewing industry, for the benefits this could bring to consumer's health. This paper reviews recent and important data with respect to the health benefits or biological activities of xanthohumol and beer. In addition, an overview of the chemistry and biotechnological aspects of xanthohumol is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J. Magalhães
- REQUIMTE – Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel O. Carvalho
- REQUIMTE – Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M. Cruz
- IBESA – Instituto de Bebidas e Saúde, apartado 1044, 4466-955 S. Mamede de Infesta, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Guido
- REQUIMTE – Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aquiles A. Barros
- REQUIMTE – Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Magalhães PJ, Carvalho DO, Cruz JM, Guido LF, Barros AA. Fundamentals and health benefits of xanthohumol, a natural product derived from hops and beer. Nat Prod Commun 2009; 4:591-610. [PMID: 19445313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in phenolic compounds and their presumed role in the prevention of various degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hops and beer, is among the phenolic compounds which have received the most attention in recent years. This compound has a range of interesting biological properties that may have therapeutic utility. Based on the health-promoting properties of xanthohumol, the production of a beer enriched in this substance would be of huge interest to the brewing industry, for the benefits this could bring to consumer's health. This paper reviews recent and important data with respect to the health benefits or biological activities of xanthohumol and beer. In addition, an overview of the chemistry and biotechnological aspects of xanthohumol is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J Magalhães
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Magalhães PJ, Carvalho DO, Guido LF, Barros AA. Detection and quantification of provitamin D2 and vitamin D2 in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) by liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:7995-8002. [PMID: 17760411 DOI: 10.1021/jf071308d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, ergosterol and ergocalciferol were identified for the first time in hop. In addition, in this article, a simple and reliable analytical methodology for analysis of these compounds in different commercial forms of hop is presented. The performance of the method was assessed by the evaluation of parameters such as absolute recovery (higher than 70%), repeatability (lower than 3 %), linearity ( r(2) > 0.9988) and limits of detection (ranging from 0.034 for ergocalciferol to 0.058 mg/L for ergosterol) and quantification (ranging from 0.113 for ergocalciferol to 0.195 mg/L for ergosterol). On the basis of standard additions applied with the optimized procedure and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, it appears that the Nugget hop plant (crop 2006) contains 1.84 +/- 0.09 microg/g of ergosterol and 1.95 +/- 0.05 microg/g of ergocalciferol. The identity of the compounds was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode. The presence of ergosterol here reported should have great potential for the assessment of hop as related to the fungal contamination proportion and hence the quality of this raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J Magalhães
- REQUIMTE-Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Magalhães PJ, Guido LF, Cruz JM, Barros AA. Analysis of xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol in different hop products by liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1150:295-301. [PMID: 16962125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An analytical methodology based on the sample extraction with methanol/formic acid by ultra-sonication and subsequent analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection is proposed for the determination of xanthohumol (XN) and isoxanthohumol (IXN) in different hop products. The identity of the compounds was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. The performance of the method was assessed by the evaluation of parameters such as absolute recovery, repeatability, linearity and limits of detection and quantitation. This methodology was applied to investigate the impact of the extraction process of the hop products on the amount of xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol. The ethanolic extract revealed to be the hop product richest in xanthohumol (3.75+/-0.05 g/100 g) relatively to the pellets (0.62+/-0.01 g/100 g) and supercritical CO2 extract (0.089+/-0.001 g/100 g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J Magalhães
- REQUIMTE-Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction depends on the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), but the dynamics of the SR free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](SR)), its modulation by physiological stimuli such as catecholamines, and the concomitant changes in cAMP handling have never been directly determined. We used two-photon microscopy imaging of GFP-based probes expressed in mouse skeletal muscles to monitor, for the first time in a live animal, the dynamics of [Ca(2+)](SR) and cAMP. Our data, which were obtained in highly physiological conditions, suggest that free [Ca(2+)](SR) decreases by approximately 50 microM during single twitches elicited through nerve stimulation. We also demonstrate that cAMP levels rise upon beta-adrenergic stimulation, leading to an increased efficacy of the Ca(2+) release/reuptake cycle during motor nerve stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Rudolf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, I-35121 Padua, Italy.
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Filippin L, Abad MC, Gastaldello S, Magalhães PJ, Sandonà D, Pozzan T. Improved strategies for the delivery of GFP-based Ca2+ sensors into the mitochondrial matrix. Cell Calcium 2005; 37:129-36. [PMID: 15589993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2004.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in Ca2+ handling has acquired renewed interest in recent years in the field of cell signaling. Detailed studies of Ca2+ dynamics in this organelle at the single cell level have been hampered by technical problems in the available Ca2+ probes. Some of the latest generation GFP-based Ca2+ probes (Camgaroos, Cameleons and Pericams) show great potential to address this issue. Our data show that the choice of targeting sequence influences not only the overall efficiency of subcellular localization of the probes, but also their functional characteristics within the matrix. In particular, we here show that the use of a tandemly duplicated mitochondrial targeting sequence is capable of improving the delivery efficacy of all tested probes into the organelle's matrix, in particular that of Cameleon, a GFP-based Ca2+ probe that is otherwise largely mistargeted to the cytosol. The devised strategy should be generally applicable to other proteins that are characterized by poor targeting. Last, but not least, we also demonstrate that if the targeting sequence is not removed from the imported protein, the fluorescent properties and the Ca2+ affinity of the probe can be grossly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Filippin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Rudolf R, Mongillo M, Magalhães PJ, Pozzan T. In vivo monitoring of Ca(2+) uptake into mitochondria of mouse skeletal muscle during contraction. J Cell Biol 2004; 166:527-36. [PMID: 15314066 PMCID: PMC2172216 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200403102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of mitochondria in patho-physiology has become increasingly evident, it remains unclear whether these organelles play a role in Ca(2+) handling by skeletal muscle. This undefined situation is mainly due to technical limitations in measuring Ca(2+) transients reliably during the contraction-relaxation cycle. Using two-photon microscopy and genetically expressed "cameleon" Ca(2+) sensors, we developed a robust system that enables the measurement of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) transients in vivo. We show here for the first time that, in vivo and under highly physiological conditions, mitochondria in mammalian skeletal muscle take up Ca(2+) during contraction induced by motor nerve stimulation and rapidly release it during relaxation. The mitochondrial Ca(2+) increase is delayed by a few milliseconds compared with the cytosolic Ca(2+) rise and occurs both during a single twitch and upon tetanic contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Rudolf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy
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16
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Abstract
We here describe a new molecularly engineered green fluorescent protein chimera that shows a high sensitivity to pH in the alkaline range. This probe was named mtAlpHi, for mitochondrial alkaline pH indicator, and possesses several key properties that render it optimal for studying the dynamics of mitochondrial matrix pH, e.g. it has an apparent pK(a) (pK(a)') around 8.5, it shows reversible and large changes in fluorescence in response to changes in pH (both in vitro and in intact cells), and it is selectively targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. Using mtAlpHi we could monitor pH changes that occur in the mitochondrial matrix in a variety of situations, e.g. treatment with uncouplers or Ca(2+) ionophores, addition of drugs that interfere with ATP synthesis or electron flow in the respiratory chain, weak bases or acids, and receptor activation. We observed heterogeneous pH increases in the mitochondrial matrix during Ca(2+) accumulation by this organelle. Finally, we demonstrate that Ca(2+) mobilization from internal stores induced by ionomycin and A23187 cause a dramatic acidification of the mitochondrial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Cano Abad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, University, of Padua,Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Abstract
Although longstanding experimental evidence has associated alterations of calcium homeostasis to cell death, only in the past few years the role of calcium in the signaling of apoptosis has been extensively investigated. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge, focusing on (i) the effect of the proteins of the Bcl-2 family on ER Ca2+ levels, (ii) the action of the proteolytic enzymes of apoptosis on the Ca2+ signaling machinery, (iii) the ensuing alterations on the signaling patterns of extracellular stimuli, and (iv) the intracellular targets of 'apoptotic' Ca2+ signals, with special emphasis on the mitochondria and cytosolic Ca2+-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine and Center for the Study of Inflammation, University of Ferrara, Italy.
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Filippin L, Magalhães PJ, Di Benedetto G, Colella M, Pozzan T. Stable interactions between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum allow rapid accumulation of calcium in a subpopulation of mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:39224-34. [PMID: 12874292 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m302301200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the functional role of the mitochondrial network in shaping the Ca2+ signals in living cells, we took advantage both of the newest genetically engineered green fluorescent protein-based Ca2+ sensors ("Cameleons," "Camgaroos," and "Pericams") and of the classical Ca(2+)-sensitive photoprotein aequorin, all targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. The properties of the green fluorescent protein-based probes in terms of subcellular localization, photosensitivity, and Ca2+ affinity have been analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the ratiometric pericam is, at present, the most reliable mitochondrial Ca2+ probe for single cell studies, although this probe too is not devoid of problems. The results obtained with ratiometric pericam in single cells, combined with those obtained at the population level with aequorin, provide strong evidence demonstrating that the close vicinity of mitochondria to the Ca2+ release channels (and thus responsible for the fast uptake of Ca2+ by mitochondria upon receptor activation) are highly stable in time, suggesting the existence of specific interactions between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Filippin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy.
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Abstract
In recent years the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has provided the scientific community with a pair of tools of exceptional usefulness: aequorin and the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Whereas the former has played a major role in the study of calcium signalling, the latter has sparked the imagination of researchers into a myriad of elegant experiments. The firefly Photinus pyralis has also been of great use, providing a third luminescent protein, luciferase, which is mostly known for its role as a reporter protein. Concurrent use of these three proteins provides a powerful means of elucidating biological processes with fine spatio-temporal detail. Here we will illustrate how specific molecular engineering of these three proteins provided a set of biological tools capable of generating important data in the field of calcium homeostasis. First, we will show how the use of specifically targeted aequorin chimeras enabled the measurement of regional Ca(2+) concentrations; second, how the use of GFP (and derived chromatic mutants) permitted detailed morphological analyses in living cells; third, how luciferase was used to analyse energetic requirements at the subcellular level. Together, these three experimental approaches have provided important details on how mitochondria participate actively in calcium homeostasis. A final note regarding clinical implications demonstrates the practical usefulness of the data obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Magalhães
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy.
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Saillard J, Magalhães PJ, Schwartz M, Rosenberg T, Nørby S. Mitochondrial DNA variant 11719G is a marker for the mtDNA haplogroup cluster HV. Hum Biol 2000; 72:1065-8. [PMID: 11236862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on sequencing data and results obtained from applying a tailored mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, we report that the G allele of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism at nucleotide position 11719 is associated with the European mtDNA haplogroup cluster HV, and that 11719A is therefore the ancestral allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saillard
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lahlou S, Leal-Cardoso JH, Magalhães PJ. Essential oil of Croton nepetaefolius decreases blood pressure through an action upon vascular smooth muscle: studies in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Planta Med 2000; 66:138-143. [PMID: 10763587 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Experiments tested the hypothesis that hypotensive effects of intravenous (i.v.) treatment with the essential oil of Croton nepetaefolius (EOCN) result from its vasodilatory effects directly upon vascular smooth muscle. In both deoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive and uninephrectomised control, conscious rats, i.v. bolus injections of EOCN (1 to 50 mg/kg) decreased mean aortic pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in a dose-related manner. Treatment with DOCA-salt significantly enhanced EOCN-induced decreases in MAP without affecting bradycardia. Likewise, both maximal percent and absolute decreases in MAP elicited by i.v. hexamethonium (30 mg/kg), a ganglion blocker, were significantly greater in DOCA-salt hypertensive than in control rats. In DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, i.v. pretreatment with hexamethonium (30 mg/kg) reduced the bradycardia elicited by EOCN (50 mg/kg) without affecting the enhancement of EOCN-induced hypotension. In isolated thoracic aorta preparations from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, EOCN (1-300 micrograms/ml) induced a concentration-dependent reduction of phenylephrine-induced contraction. Arteries from DOCA rats showed increased sensitivity to EOCN, as evidenced by the significant decrease in the IC50 for EOCN-induced reduction of phenylephrine-induced contraction (16.4 +/- 3.6 vs. 112.9 +/- 23.4 micrograms/ml in uninephrectomized controls). These results show that i.v. treatment with EOCN dose-dependently decreases blood pressure in conscious DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, and this action is enhanced when compared with uninephrectomized controls. This enhancement appears to be related mainly to an increase in EOCN-induced vascular smooth muscle relaxation rather than to enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity in this hypertensive model. Thus, the hypothesis that EOCN may be a direct vasorelaxant agent is supported by the results of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lahlou
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brasil.
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Lahlou S, Leal-Cardoso JH, Magalhães PJ, Coelho-de-Souza AN, Duarte GP. Cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of Croton nepetaefolius in rats: role of the autonomic nervous system. Planta Med 1999; 65:553-557. [PMID: 10483378 DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous (i.v.) treatment with the essential oil of Croton nepetaefolius (EOCN) were investigated in rats. Additionally, this study examined the importance of the autonomic nervous system in mediation of the EOCN-induced changes in mean aortic pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). In both pentobarbitone-anaesthetised and conscious rats, i.v. bolus injections of EOCN (1 to 50 mg/kg) elicited dose-dependent decreases in MAP and HR. Both decreases were of the same order of magnitude or duration, irrespective of whether the animal was under general anaesthesia. Pretreatment of anaesthetised rats with bilateral vagotomy reduced the magnitude of EOCN-induced bradycardia without affecting hypotension. Likewise, i.v. pretreatment of conscious rats with either methylatropine (1 mg/kg) or hexamethonium (30 mg/kg) significantly decreased the bradycardic effects of EOCN by the same order of magnitude. Neither compound influenced the hypotensive effects elicited by EOCN. This is the first physiological evidence that i.v. treatment with EOCN in either anaesthetised or conscious rats elicits hypotension and bradycardia. EOCN-induced bradycardia appears dependent upon the presence of an intact and functional parasympathetic nerve drive to the heart. However, EOCN-induced hypotension appears independent of the presence of an operational sympathetic nervous system. This suggests that EOCN may be a direct vasorelaxant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lahlou
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brasil.
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Magalhães PJ, Andreu AL, Schon EA. Evidence for the presence of 5S rRNA in mammalian mitochondria. Mol Biol Cell 1998; 9:2375-82. [PMID: 9725900 PMCID: PMC25503 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.9.9.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/1998] [Accepted: 06/16/1998] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes contain two prokaryotic-like rRNAs, 12S and 16S, both encoded by mitochondrial DNA. As opposed to cytosolic ribosomes, however, these ribosomes are not thought to contain 5S rRNA. For this reason, it has been unclear whether 5S rRNA, which can be detected in mitochondrial preparations, is an authentic organellar species imported from the cytosol or is merely a copurifying cytosol-derived contaminant. We now show that 5S rRNA is tightly associated with highly purified mitochondrial fractions of human and rat cells and that 5S rRNA transcripts derived from a synthetic gene transfected transiently into human cells are both expressed in vivo and present in highly purified mitochondria and mitoplasts. We conclude that 5S rRNA is imported into mammalian mitochondria, but its function there still remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Magalhães
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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24
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Bruno C, Minetti C, Tang Y, Magalhães PJ, Santorelli FM, Shanske S, Bado M, Cordone G, Gatti R, DiMauro S. Primary adrenal insufficiency in a child with a mitochondrial DNA deletion. J Inherit Metab Dis 1998; 21:155-61. [PMID: 9584267 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005347826664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders can affect any organ system, but certain tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, and brain are more susceptible to oxidative phosphorylation defects because of their high energy requirements. Endocrinological manifestations, especially diabetes mellitus, are common but they rarely dominate the clinical picture. We describe a 5-year-old girl who died of primary adrenal insufficiency with a mitochondrial disease. Biochemical studies in muscle showed decreased respiratory chain enzyme activities. We detected a novel 7.0 kb mtDNA deletion in muscle form the proband, but not in her mother's white blood cells. Our findings further enlarge the spectrum of clinical presentation associated with mitochondrial DNA deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bruno
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Sousa PJ, Magalhães PJ, Lima CC, Oliveira VS, Leal-Cardoso JH. Effects of piperitenone oxide on the intestinal smooth muscle of the guinea pig. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:787-91. [PMID: 9292118 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997000600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of piperitenone oxide (PO), a major constituent of the essential oil of Mentha x villosa, on the guinea pig ileum. PO (30 to 740 micrograms/ml) relaxed basal tonus without significantly altering the resting membrane potential. In addition, PO relaxed preparations precontracted with either 60 mM K+ or 5 mM tetraethylammonium in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations from 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml PO potentiated acetylcholine-induced contractions, while higher concentrations (> 30 micrograms/ml) blocked this response. These higher PO concentrations also inhibited contractions induced by 60 mM K+. PO also blocked the components of acetylcholine contraction which are not sensitive to nifedipine or to solutions with nominal zero Ca2+ and EGTA. These results show that PO is a relaxant of intestinal smooth muscle and suggest that this activity may be mediated at least in part by an intracellular effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Sousa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
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