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Lim VJY, Gerber HD, Schihada H, Trinh VT, Hilger D, Vázquez O, Kolb P. A virtual library of small molecules mimicking dipeptides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300636. [PMID: 38332463 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Virtual combinatorial libraries are prevalent in drug discovery due to improvements in the prediction of synthetic reactions that can be performed. This has gone hand in hand with the development of virtual screening capabilities to effectively screen the large chemical spaces spanned by exhaustive enumeration of reaction products. In this study, we generated a small-molecule dipeptide mimic library to target proteins binding small peptides. The library was created based on the general idea of peptide synthesis, that is, amino acid mimics were reacted in silico to form the dipeptide mimics, yielding 2,036,819 unique compounds. After docking calculations, two compounds from the library were synthesized and tested against WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) and histamine receptors H1-H4 to evaluate whether these molecules are viable in assays. The compounds showed the highest potency at the histamine H3 receptor, with Ki values in the two-digit micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Jun Yu Lim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Gerber
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Van Tuan Trinh
- Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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2
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Gaitonde SA, Avet C, de la Fuente Revenga M, Blondel-Tepaz E, Shahraki A, Pastor AM, Talagayev V, Robledo P, Kolb P, Selent J, González-Maeso J, Bouvier M. Pharmacological fingerprint of antipsychotic drugs at the serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02531-7. [PMID: 38561467 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The intricate involvement of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) both in schizophrenia and in the activity of antipsychotic drugs is widely acknowledged. The currently marketed antipsychotic drugs, although effective in managing the symptoms of schizophrenia to a certain extent, are not without their repertoire of serious side effects. There is a need for better therapeutics to treat schizophrenia for which understanding the mechanism of action of the current antipsychotic drugs is imperative. With bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays, we trace the signaling signature of six antipsychotic drugs belonging to three generations at the 5-HT2AR for the entire spectrum of signaling pathways activated by serotonin (5-HT). The antipsychotic drugs display previously unidentified pathway preference at the level of the individual Gα subunits and β-arrestins. In particular, risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine and haloperidol showed G protein-selective inverse agonist activity. In addition, G protein-selective partial agonism was found for aripiprazole and cariprazine. Pathway-specific apparent dissociation constants determined from functional analyses revealed distinct coupling-modulating capacities of the tested antipsychotics at the different 5-HT-activated pathways. Computational analyses of the pharmacological and structural fingerprints support a mechanistically based clustering that recapitulate the clinical classification (typical/first generation, atypical/second generation, third generation) of the antipsychotic drugs. The study provides a new framework to functionally classify antipsychotics that should represent a useful tool for the identification of better and safer neuropsychiatric drugs and allows formulating hypotheses on the links between specific signaling cascades and in the clinical outcomes of the existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya A Gaitonde
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Charlotte Avet
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Elodie Blondel-Tepaz
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Aida Shahraki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Morales Pastor
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Valerij Talagayev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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3
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Köck Z, Schnelle K, Persechino M, Umbach S, Schihada H, Januliene D, Parey K, Pockes S, Kolb P, Dötsch V, Möller A, Hilger D, Bernhard F. Cryo-EM structure of cell-free synthesized human histamine 2 receptor/G s complex in nanodisc environment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1831. [PMID: 38418462 PMCID: PMC10901899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we describe the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human histamine 2 receptor (H2R) in an active conformation with bound histamine and in complex with Gs heterotrimeric protein at an overall resolution of 3.4 Å. The complex was generated by cotranslational insertion of the receptor into preformed nanodisc membranes using cell-free synthesis in E. coli lysates. Structural comparison with the inactive conformation of H2R and the inactive and Gq-coupled active state of H1R together with structure-guided functional experiments reveal molecular insights into the specificity of ligand binding and G protein coupling for this receptor family. We demonstrate lipid-modulated folding of cell-free synthesized H2R, its agonist-dependent internalization and its interaction with endogenously synthesized H1R and H2R in HEK293 cells by applying a recently developed nanotransfer technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Köck
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kilian Schnelle
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Structural Biology section, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Simon Umbach
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dovile Januliene
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Structural Biology section, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Kristian Parey
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Structural Biology section, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arne Möller
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Structural Biology section, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
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4
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Nagl M, Mönnich D, Rosier N, Schihada H, Sirbu A, Konar N, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Franco R, Kolb P, Annibale P, Pockes S. Fluorescent Tools for the Imaging of Dopamine D 2 -Like Receptors. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300659. [PMID: 37942961 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The family of dopamine D2 -like receptors represents an interesting target for a variety of neurological diseases, e. g. Parkinson's disease (PD), addiction, or schizophrenia. In this study we describe the synthesis of a new set of fluorescent ligands as tools for visualization of dopamine D2 -like receptors. Pharmacological characterization in radioligand binding studies identified UR-MN212 (20) as a high-affinity ligand for D2 -like receptors (pKi (D2long R)=8.24, pKi (D3 R)=8.58, pKi (D4 R)=7.78) with decent selectivity towards D1 -like receptors. Compound 20 is a neutral antagonist in a Go1 activation assay at the D2long R, D3 R, and D4 R, which is an important feature for studies using whole cells. The neutral antagonist 20, equipped with a 5-TAMRA dye, displayed rapid association to the D2long R in binding studies using confocal microscopy demonstrating its suitability for fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, in molecular brightness studies, the ligand's binding affinity could be determined in a single-digit nanomolar range that was in good agreement with radioligand binding data. Therefore, the fluorescent compound can be used for quantitative characterization of native D2 -like receptors in a broad variety of experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nagl
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Rosier
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexei Sirbu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Nergis Konar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
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5
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Rosier N, Mönnich D, Nagl M, Schihada H, Sirbu A, Konar N, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Franco R, Kolb P, Annibale P, Pockes S. Shedding Light on the D 1 -Like Receptors: A Fluorescence-Based Toolbox for Visualization of the D 1 and D 5 Receptors. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300658. [PMID: 37983731 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D1 -like receptors are the most abundant type of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system and, even after decades of discovery, still highly interesting for the study of neurological diseases. We herein describe the synthesis of a new set of fluorescent ligands, structurally derived from D1 R antagonist SCH-23390 and labeled with two different fluorescent dyes, as tool compounds for the visualization of D1 -like receptors. Pharmacological characterization in radioligand binding studies identified UR-NR435 (25) as a high-affinity ligand for D1 -like receptors (pKi (D1 R)=8.34, pKi (D5 R)=7.62) with excellent selectivity towards D2 -like receptors. Compound 25 proved to be a neutral antagonist at the D1 R and D5 R in a Gs heterotrimer dissociation assay, an important feature to avoid receptor internalization and degradation when working with whole cells. The neutral antagonist 25 displayed rapid association and complete dissociation to the D1 R in kinetic binding studies using confocal microscopy verifying its applicability for fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, molecular brightness studies determined a single-digit nanomolar binding affinity of the ligand, which was in good agreement with radioligand binding data. For this reason, this fluorescent ligand is a useful tool for a sophisticated characterization of native D1 receptors in a variety of experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rosier
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Nagl
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexei Sirbu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nergis Konar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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6
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Kostenis E, Gomeza J, Miess-Tanneberg E, Blum NK, Benkel T, Chevigné A, Hoffmann C, Kolb P, Nikolaev V, Waldhoer M, Szpakowska M, Inoue A, Schulz S. Reply to: How carvedilol does not activate β 2-adrenoceptors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7867. [PMID: 38036502 PMCID: PMC10689814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jesus Gomeza
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elke Miess-Tanneberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Nina Kathleen Blum
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Benkel
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- ISAR Bioscience, Semmelweisstraße 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Waldhoer
- InterAx Biotech AG, 5234, Villigen, Switzerland
- Ikherma Consulting Ltd, Hitchin, SG4 0TY, UK
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
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7
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Kirchhofer SB, Lim VJY, Ernst S, Karsai N, Ruland JG, Canals M, Kolb P, Bünemann M. Differential interaction patterns of opioid analgesics with µ opioid receptors correlate with ligand-specific voltage sensitivity. eLife 2023; 12:e91291. [PMID: 37983079 PMCID: PMC10849675 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The µ opioid receptor (MOR) is the key target for analgesia, but the application of opioids is accompanied by several issues. There is a wide range of opioid analgesics, differing in their chemical structure and their properties of receptor activation and subsequent effects. A better understanding of ligand-receptor interactions and the resulting effects is important. Here, we calculated the respective binding poses for several opioids and analyzed interaction fingerprints between ligand and receptor. We further corroborated the interactions experimentally by cellular assays. As MOR was observed to display ligand-induced modulation of activity due to changes in membrane potential, we further analyzed the effects of voltage sensitivity on this receptor. Combining in silico and in vitro approaches, we defined discriminating interaction patterns responsible for ligand-specific voltage sensitivity and present new insights into their specific effects on activation of the MOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina B Kirchhofer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamMidlandsUnited Kingdom
| | - Victor Jun Yu Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Sebastian Ernst
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Noemi Karsai
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamMidlandsUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia G Ruland
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamMidlandsUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
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8
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Bresinsky M, Shahraki A, Kolb P, Pockes S, Schihada H. Development of Fluorescent AF64394 Analogues Enables Real-Time Binding Studies for the Orphan Class A GPCR GPR3. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15025-15041. [PMID: 37907069 PMCID: PMC10641823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (oGPCR) GPR3 represents a potential drug target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and metabolic disorders. However, the limited toolbox of pharmacological assays hampers the development of advanced ligands. Here, we developed a signaling pathway-independent readout of compound-GPR3 interaction. Starting from computational binding pose predictions of the most potent GPR3 ligand, we designed a series of fluorescent AF64394 analogues and assessed their suitability for BRET-based binding studies. The most potent ligand, 45 (UR-MB-355), bound to GPR3 and closely related receptors, GPR6 and GPR12, with similar submicromolar affinities. Furthermore, we found that 45 engages GPR3 in a distinct mode compared to AF64394, and coincubation studies with the GPR3 agonist diphenyleneiodonium chloride revealed allosteric modulation of 45 binding. These insights provide new cues for the pharmacological manipulation of GPR3 activity. This novel binding assay will foster the development of future drugs acting through these pharmacologically attractive oGPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aida Shahraki
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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9
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Kurz M, Ulrich M, Bittner A, Scharf MM, Shao J, Wallenstein I, Lemoine H, Wettschureck N, Kolb P, Bünemann M. EP4 Receptor Conformation Sensor Suited for Ligand Screening and Imaging of Extracellular Prostaglandins. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:80-91. [PMID: 37442628 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are important lipid mediators with a wide range of functions in the human body. They act mainly via plasma membrane localized prostaglandin receptors, which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor class. Due to their localized formation and short lifetime, it is important to be able to measure the distribution and abundance of prostaglandins in time and/or space. In this study, we present a Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based conformation sensor of the human prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4 receptor), which was capable of detecting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced receptor activation in the low nanomolar range with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The sensor retained the typical selectivity for PGE2 among arachidonic acid products. Human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing the sensor did not produce detectable amounts of prostaglandins making them suitable for a coculture approach allowing us, over time, to detect prostaglandin formation in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and primary mouse macrophages. Furthermore, the EP4 receptor sensor proved to be suited to detect experimentally generated PGE2 gradients by means of FRET-microscopy, indicating the potential to measure gradients of PGE2 within tissues. In addition to FRET-based imaging of prostanoid release, the sensor allowed not only for determination of PGE2 concentrations, but also proved to be capable of measuring ligand binding kinetics. The good signal-to-noise ratio at a commercial plate reader and the ability to directly determine ligand efficacy shows the obvious potential of this sensor interest for screening and characterization of novel ligands of the pharmacologically important human EP4 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The authors present a biosensor based on the prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4, which is well suited to measure extracellular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration with high temporal and spatial resolution. It can be used for the imaging of PGE2 levels and gradients by means of Foerster resonance energy transfer microscopy, and for determining PGE2 release of primary cells as well as for screening purposes in a plate reader setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kurz
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Ulrich
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alwina Bittner
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magdalena Martina Scharf
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jingchen Shao
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Imke Wallenstein
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Horst Lemoine
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Shahraki A, Selent J, Kolb P. On the construction of LIECE models for the serotonin receptor 5-HT[Formula: see text]R. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2023:10.1007/s10822-023-00507-3. [PMID: 37312012 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Computer-aided approaches to ligand design need to balance accuracy with speed. This is particularly true for one of the key parameters to be optimized during ligand development, the free energy of binding ([Formula: see text]G[Formula: see text]). Here, we developed simple models based on the Linear Interaction Energy approximation to free energy calculation for a G protein-coupled receptor, the serotonin receptor 2A, and critically evaluated their accuracy. Several lessons can be taken from our calculations, providing information on the influence of the docking software used, the conformational state of the receptor, the cocrystallized ligand, and its comparability to the training/test ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shahraki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Research Institute and Pompeu Fabra University, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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11
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Santos VC, Leite PG, Santos LH, Pascutti PG, Kolb P, Machado FS, Ferreira RS. Structure-based discovery of novel cruzain inhibitors with distinct trypanocidal activity profiles. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115498. [PMID: 37290182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over 110 years after the first formal description of Chagas disease, the trypanocidal drugs thus far available have limited efficacy and several side effects. This encourages the search for novel treatments that inhibit T. cruzi targets. One of the most studied anti-T. cruzi targets is the cysteine protease cruzain; it is associated with metacyclogenesis, replication, and invasion of the host cells. We used computational techniques to identify novel molecular scaffolds that act as cruzain inhibitors. First, with a docking-based virtual screening, we identified compound 8, a competitive cruzain inhibitor with a Ki of 4.6 μM. Then, aided by molecular dynamics simulations, cheminformatics, and docking, we identified the analog compound 22 with a Ki of 27 μM. Surprisingly, despite sharing the same isoquinoline scaffold, compound 8 presented higher trypanocidal activity against the epimastigote forms, while compound 22, against the trypomastigotes and amastigotes. Taken together, compounds 8 and 22 represent a promising scaffold for further development of trypanocidal compounds as drug candidates for treating Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Corrêa Santos
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gaio Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucianna Helene Santos
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Geraldo Pascutti
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Dinâmica Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21944-970, Brazil
| | - Peter Kolb
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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12
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Lim VJY, Proudman RGW, Monteleone S, Kolb P, Baker JG. The Isoleucine at Position 118 in Transmembrane 2 Is Responsible for the Selectivity of Xamoterol, Nebivolol, and ICI89406 for the Human β1-Adrenoceptor. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:89-99. [PMID: 36351797 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Known off-target interactions frequently cause predictable drug side-effects (e.g., β1-antagonists used for heart disease, risk β2-mediated bronchospasm). Computer-aided drug design would improve if the structural basis of existing drug selectivity was understood. A mutagenesis approach determined the ligand-amino acid interactions required for β1-selective affinity of xamoterol and nebivolol, followed by computer-based modeling to provide possible structural explanations. 3H-CGP12177 whole cell binding was conducted in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human β1, β2, and chimeric β1/β2-adrenoceptors (ARs). Single point mutations were investigated in transiently transfected cells. Modeling studies involved docking ligands into three-dimensional receptor structures and performing molecular dynamics simulations, comparing interaction frequencies between apo and holo structures of β1 and β2-ARs. From these observations, an ICI89406 derivative was investigated that gave further insights into selectivity. Stable cell line studies determined that transmembrane 2 was crucial for the β1-selective affinity of xamoterol and nebivolol. Single point mutations determined that the β1-AR isoleucine (I118) rather than the β2 histidine (H93) explained selectivity. Studies of other β1-ligands found I118 was important for ICI89406 selective affinity but not that for betaxolol, bisoprolol, or esmolol. Modeling studies suggested that the interaction energies and solvation of β1-I118 and β2-H93 are factors determining selectivity of xamoterol and ICI89406. ICI89406 without its phenyl group loses its high β1-AR affinity, resulting in the same affinity as for the β2-AR. The human β1-AR residue I118 is crucial for the β1-selective affinity of xamoterol, nebivolol, and ICI89406 but not all β1-selective compounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Some ligands have selective binding affinity for the human β1 versus the β2-adrenoceptor; however, the molecular/structural reason for this is not known. The transmembrane 2 residue isoleucine I118 is responsible for the selective β1-binding of xamoterol, nebivolol, and ICI89406 but does not explain the selective β1-binding of betaxolol, bisoprolol, or esmolol. Understanding the structural basis of selectivity is important to improve computer-aided ligand design, and targeting I118 in β1-adrenoceptors is likely to increase β1-selectivity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Jun Yu Lim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany(V.J.Y.L., S.M., P.K.) and Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, C Floor Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK (R.G.W.P., J.G.B.)
| | - Richard G W Proudman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany(V.J.Y.L., S.M., P.K.) and Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, C Floor Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK (R.G.W.P., J.G.B.)
| | - Stefania Monteleone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany(V.J.Y.L., S.M., P.K.) and Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, C Floor Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK (R.G.W.P., J.G.B.)
| | - Peter Kolb
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany(V.J.Y.L., S.M., P.K.) and Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, C Floor Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK (R.G.W.P., J.G.B.)
| | - Jillian G Baker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany(V.J.Y.L., S.M., P.K.) and Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, C Floor Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK (R.G.W.P., J.G.B.)
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13
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Benkel T, Zimmermann M, Zeiner J, Bravo S, Merten N, Lim VJY, Matthees ESF, Drube J, Miess-Tanneberg E, Malan D, Szpakowska M, Monteleone S, Grimes J, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, O'Brien S, Pavlaki N, Dobberstein N, Inoue A, Nikolaev V, Calebiro D, Chevigné A, Sasse P, Schulz S, Hoffmann C, Kolb P, Waldhoer M, Simon K, Gomeza J, Kostenis E. How Carvedilol activates β 2-adrenoceptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7109. [PMID: 36402762 PMCID: PMC9675828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol is among the most effective β-blockers for improving survival after myocardial infarction. Yet the mechanisms by which carvedilol achieves this superior clinical profile are still unclear. Beyond blockade of β1-adrenoceptors, arrestin-biased signalling via β2-adrenoceptors is a molecular mechanism proposed to explain the survival benefits. Here, we offer an alternative mechanism to rationalize carvedilol's cellular signalling. Using primary and immortalized cells genome-edited by CRISPR/Cas9 to lack either G proteins or arrestins; and combining biological, biochemical, and signalling assays with molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that G proteins drive all detectable carvedilol signalling through β2ARs. Because a clear understanding of how drugs act is imperative to data interpretation in basic and clinical research, to the stratification of clinical trials or to the monitoring of drug effects on the target pathway, the mechanistic insight gained here provides a foundation for the rational development of signalling prototypes that target the β-adrenoceptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benkel
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Julian Zeiner
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergi Bravo
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Merten
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Victor Jun Yu Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Edda Sofie Fabienne Matthees
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Drube
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Miess-Tanneberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stefania Monteleone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jak Grimes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nikoleta Pavlaki
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
- 7TM Antibodies GmbH, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Waldhoer
- InterAx Biotech AG, 5234, Villigen, Switzerland
- Ikherma Consulting Ltd, Hitchin, SG4 0TY, UK
| | - Katharina Simon
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesus Gomeza
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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14
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Schihada H, Klompstra TM, Humphrys LJ, Cervenka I, Dadvar S, Kolb P, Ruas JL, Schulte G. Isoforms of GPR35 have distinct extracellular N-termini that allosterically modify receptor-transducer coupling and mediate intracellular pathway bias. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102328. [PMID: 35933013 PMCID: PMC9450150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the intestine, the human G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR35 is involved in oncogenic signaling, bacterial infections, and inflammatory bowel disease. GPR35 is known to be expressed as two distinct isoforms that differ only in the length of their extracellular N-termini by 31 amino acids, but detailed insights into their functional differences are lacking. Through gene expression analysis in immune and gastrointestinal cells, we show that these isoforms emerge from distinct promoter usage and alternative splicing. Additionally, we employed optical assays in living cells to thoroughly profile both GPR35 isoforms for constitutive and ligand-induced activation and signaling of 10 different heterotrimeric G proteins, ligand-induced arrestin recruitment, and receptor internalization. Our results reveal that the extended N-terminus of the long isoform limits G protein activation yet elevates receptor–β-arrestin interaction. To better understand the structural basis for this bias, we examined structural models of GPR35 and conducted experiments with mutants of both isoforms. We found that a proposed disulfide bridge between the N-terminus and extracellular loop 3, present in both isoforms, is crucial for constitutive G13 activation, while an additional cysteine contributed by the extended N-terminus of the long GPR35 isoform limits the extent of agonist-induced receptor–β-arrestin2 interaction. The pharmacological profiles and mechanistic insights of our study provide clues for the future design of isoform-specific GPR35 ligands that selectively modulate GPR35–transducer interactions and allow for mechanism-based therapies against, for example, inflammatory bowel disease or bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Schihada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas M Klompstra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura J Humphrys
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Igor Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shamim Dadvar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Kolb P, Kenakin T, Alexander SPH, Bermudez M, Bohn LM, Breinholt CS, Bouvier M, Hill SJ, Kostenis E, Martemyanov K, Neubig RR, Onaran HO, Rajagopal S, Roth BL, Selent J, Shukla AK, Sommer ME, Gloriam DE. Community Guidelines for GPCR Ligand Bias: IUPHAR Review XX. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3651-3674. [PMID: 35106752 PMCID: PMC7612872 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors modulate a plethora of physiological processes and mediate the effects of one-third of FDA-approved drugs. Depending on which ligand activates a receptor, it can engage different intracellular transducers. This 'biased signaling' paradigm requires that we now characterize physiological signaling not just by receptors but by ligand-receptor pairs. Ligands eliciting biased signaling may constitute better drugs with higher efficacy and fewer adverse effects. However, ligand bias is very complex, making reproducibility and description challenging. Here, we provide guidelines and terminology for any scientists to design and report ligand bias experiments. The guidelines will aid consistency and clarity, as the basic receptor research and drug discovery communities continue to advance our understanding and exploitation of ligand bias. Scientific insight, biosensors, and analytical methods are still evolving and should benefit from and contribute to the implementation of the guidelines, together improving translation from in vitro to disease-relevant in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, North, Carolina, USA
| | | | - Marcel Bermudez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Christian S Breinholt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephen J Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirill Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Rick R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - H Ongun Onaran
- Molecular Biology and Technology Development Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, North, Carolina, USA
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Martha E Sommer
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Current affiliation: ISAR Bioscience Institute, Munich-Planegg, Germany
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Flöser A, Becker K, Kostenis E, König G, Krasel C, Kolb P, Bünemann M. Disentangling bias between G q, GRK2, and arrestin3 recruitment to the M 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. eLife 2021; 10:58442. [PMID: 34851820 PMCID: PMC8635974 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular signals to the inside by activation of intracellular effector proteins. Different agonists can promote differential receptor-induced signaling responses – termed bias – potentially by eliciting different levels of recruitment of effector proteins. As activation and recruitment of effector proteins might influence each other, thorough analysis of bias is difficult. Here, we compared the efficacy of seven agonists to induce G protein, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), as well as arrestin3 binding to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 by utilizing FRET-based assays. In order to avoid interference between these interactions, we studied GRK2 binding in the presence of inhibitors of Gi and Gq proteins and analyzed arrestin3 binding to prestimulated M3 receptors to avoid differences in receptor phosphorylation influencing arrestin recruitment. We measured substantial differences in the agonist efficacies to induce M3R-arrestin3 versus M3R-GRK2 interaction. However, the rank order of the agonists for G protein- and GRK2-M3R interaction was the same, suggesting that G protein and GRK2 binding to M3R requires similar receptor conformations, whereas requirements for arrestin3 binding to M3R are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Flöser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Becker
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele König
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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17
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Chevillard F, Kelemen Á, Baker JG, Aranyodi VA, Balzer F, Kolb P, Keserű GM. Fragment evolution for GPCRs: the role of secondary binding sites in optimization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10516-10519. [PMID: 34550124 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a docking-based fragment evolution approach that extends orthosteric fragments towards a less conserved secondary binding pocket of GPCRs. Evaluating 13 000 extensions for the β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors we synthesized and tested 112 bitopic molecules. Our results confirmed the positive contribution of the secondary binding pocket to both potency and selectivity optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Chevillard
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, Marburg 35037, Germany.
| | - Ádám Kelemen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
| | - Jillian G Baker
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vivien A Aranyodi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
| | - Frank Balzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, Marburg 35037, Germany.
| | - Peter Kolb
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 8, Marburg 35037, Germany.
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
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18
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Kolb P, Schundner A, Frick M, Gottschalk KE. In Vitro Measurements of Cellular Forces and their Importance in the Lung-From the Sub- to the Multicellular Scale. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:691. [PMID: 34357063 PMCID: PMC8307149 DOI: 10.3390/life11070691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, the body is subjected to various mechanical forces on the organ, tissue, and cellular level. Mechanical stimuli are essential for organ development and function. One organ whose function depends on the tightly connected interplay between mechanical cell properties, biochemical signaling, and external forces is the lung. However, altered mechanical properties or excessive mechanical forces can also drive the onset and progression of severe pulmonary diseases. Characterizing the mechanical properties and forces that affect cell and tissue function is therefore necessary for understanding physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. In recent years, multiple methods have been developed for cellular force measurements at multiple length scales, from subcellular forces to measuring the collective behavior of heterogeneous cellular networks. In this short review, we give a brief overview of the mechanical forces at play on the cellular level in the lung. We then focus on the technological aspects of measuring cellular forces at many length scales. We describe tools with a subcellular resolution and elaborate measurement techniques for collective multicellular units. Many of the technologies described are by no means restricted to lung research and have already been applied successfully to cells from various other tissues. However, integrating the knowledge gained from these multi-scale measurements in a unifying framework is still a major future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kolb
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Annika Schundner
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Kay-E. Gottschalk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
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19
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Bindereif SG, Rüll F, Kolb P, Köberle L, Willms H, Steidele S, Schwarzinger S, Gebauer G. Impact of Global Climate Change on the European Barley Market Requires Novel Multi-Method Approaches to Preserve Crop Quality and Authenticity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071592. [PMID: 34359461 PMCID: PMC8303565 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recently in 2018 and 2019, large parts of Europe were affected by periods of massive drought. Resulting losses in cereal yield pose a major risk to the global supply of barley, as more than 60% of global production is based in Europe. Despite the arising price fluctuations on the cereal market, authenticity of the crop must be ensured, which includes correct declaration of harvest years. Here, we show a novel approach that allows such differentiation for spring barley samples, which takes advantage of the chemical changes caused by the extreme drought. Samples from 2018 were successfully differentiated from those of 2017 by analysis of changes in near-infrared spectra, enrichment in the isotope 13C, and strong accumulation of the plant-physiological marker betaine. We demonstrate that through consideration of multiple modern analysis techniques, not only can fraudulent labelling be prevented, but indispensable knowledge on the drought tolerance of crops can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Bindereif
- BayCEER—Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Felix Rüll
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Peter Kolb
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Lucas Köberle
- ALNuMed GmbH, Gottlieb-Keim Straße 60, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Holger Willms
- IREKS GmbH, Lichtenfelser Straße 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany;
| | - Simon Steidele
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Stephan Schwarzinger
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)-9-2155-2046 (S.S.); +49-(0)-9-2155-2060 (G.G.)
| | - Gerhard Gebauer
- BayCEER—Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)-9-2155-2046 (S.S.); +49-(0)-9-2155-2060 (G.G.)
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20
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Hamey JJ, Rakow S, Bouchard C, Senst JM, Kolb P, Bauer UM, Wilkins MR, Hart-Smith G. Systematic investigation of PRMT6 substrate recognition reveals broad specificity with a preference for an RG motif or basic and bulky residues. FEBS J 2021; 288:5668-5691. [PMID: 33764612 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) catalyses the asymmetric dimethylation of arginines on numerous substrate proteins within the human cell. In particular, PRMT6 methylates histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2) which affects both gene repression and activation. However, the substrate specificity of PRMT6 has not been comprehensively analysed. Here, we systematically characterise the substrate recognition motif of PRMT6, finding that it has broad specificity and recognises the RG motif. Working with a H3 tail peptide as a template, on which we made 204 amino acid substitutions, we use targeted mass spectrometry to measure their effect on PRMT6 in vitro activity. We first show that PRMT6 methylates R2 and R8 in the H3 peptide, although H3R8 is methylated with lower efficiency and is not an in vivo PRMT6 substrate. We then quantify the effect of 194 of these amino acid substitutions on methylation at both H3R2 and H3R8. In both cases, we find that PRMT6 tolerates essentially any amino acid substitution in the H3 peptide, but that positively charged and bulky residues are preferred near the target arginine. We show that PRMT6 also has preference for glycine, but only in the position immediately following the target arginine. This indicates that PRMT6 recognises the RG motif rather than the RGG motif. We further confirm this preference for the RG motif on another PRMT6 substrate, histone H4R3. This broad specificity and recognition of RG rather than RGG are distinctive among the PRMT family and has implications for the development of drugs to selectively target PRMT6. DATABASES: Panorama Public (https://panoramaweb.org/PRMT6motif.url); ProteomeXchange (PXD016711).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Hamey
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sinja Rakow
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Senst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Abstract
We developed a reproducible micropatterning method to manipulate and normalize cell shape and cell-cell separation on gold. We used methoxy polyethylene glycol thiol (PEG-SH) to create a self-assembled monolayer that can be oxidized at desired shapes through a photomask with deep UV light. The oxidized PEG can be coated with extracellular matrix proteins and seeded with cells adopting the pre-defined shape. The developed and analyzed surfaces can be used in a wide range of biophysical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Grandy
- University Ulm, Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg 89081, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- University Ulm, Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg 89081, Germany
| | - Fabian Port
- University Ulm, Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg 89081, Germany
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22
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Abstract
The orexin receptors are peptide-sensing G protein-coupled receptors that are intimately linked with regulation of the sleep/wake cycle. We used a recently solved X-ray structure of the orexin receptor subtype 2 in computational docking calculations with the aim to identify additional ligands with unprecedented chemotypes. We found validated ligands with a high hit rate of 29% out of those tested, none of them showing selectivity with respect to the orexin receptor subtype 1. Furthermore, of the higher-affinity compounds examined, none showed any agonist activity. While novel chemical structures can thus be found, selectivity is a challenge owing to the largely identical binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gunera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35032, Germany
| | - Jillian G Baker
- Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Niek van Hilten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35032, Germany
| | - Daniel M Rosenbaum
- Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, United States
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35032, Germany
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23
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Scharf MM, Zimmermann M, Wilhelm F, Stroe R, Waldhoer M, Kolb P. A Focus on Unusual ECL2 Interactions Yields β 2 -Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists with Unprecedented Scaffolds. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:882-890. [PMID: 32301583 PMCID: PMC7318225 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The binding pockets of aminergic G protein-coupled receptors are often targeted by drugs and virtual screening campaigns. In order to find ligands with unprecedented scaffolds for one of the best-investigated receptors of this subfamily, the β2 -adrenergic receptor, we conducted a docking-based screen insisting that molecules would address previously untargeted residues in extracellular loop 2. We here report the discovery of ligands with a previously undescribed coumaran-based scaffold. Furthermore, we provide an analysis of the added value that X-ray structures in different conformations deliver for such docking screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M. Scharf
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps-University MarburgMarbacher Weg 635037MarburgGermany
| | | | - Florian Wilhelm
- InterAx BiotechPARK innovAARE5234VilligenSwitzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETHETH ZürichMattenstrasse 264058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Raimond Stroe
- InterAx BiotechPARK innovAARE5234VilligenSwitzerland
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps-University MarburgMarbacher Weg 635037MarburgGermany
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24
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Sommer ME, Selent J, Carlsson J, De Graaf C, Gloriam DE, Keseru GM, Kosloff M, Mordalski S, Rizk A, Rosenkilde MM, Sotelo E, Tiemann JKS, Tobin A, Vardjan N, Waldhoer M, Kolb P. The European Research Network on Signal Transduction (ERNEST): Toward a Multidimensional Holistic Understanding of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:361-370. [PMID: 32296774 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are intensively studied due to their therapeutic potential as drug targets. Members of this large family of transmembrane receptor proteins mediate signal transduction in diverse cell types and play key roles in human physiology and health. In 2013 the research consortium GLISTEN (COST Action CM1207) was founded with the goal of harnessing the substantial growth in knowledge of GPCR structure and dynamics to push forward the development of molecular modulators of GPCR function. The success of GLISTEN, coupled with new findings and paradigm shifts in the field, led in 2019 to the creation of a related consortium called ERNEST (COST Action CA18133). ERNEST broadens focus to entire signaling cascades, based on emerging ideas of how complexity and specificity in signal transduction are not determined by receptor-ligand interactions alone. A holistic approach that unites the diverse data and perspectives of the research community into a single multidimensional map holds great promise for improved drug design and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Sommer
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) - Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | | | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1017, Denmark
| | - Gyorgy M Keseru
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Mickey Kosloff
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Stefan Mordalski
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1017, Denmark.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Aurelien Rizk
- InterAx Biotech AG, PARK innovAARE, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2200, Denmark
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Facultade de Farmacia. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Johanna K S Tiemann
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04109, Germany.,Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, 2200, Denmark
| | - Andrew Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maria Waldhoer
- InterAx Biotech AG, PARK innovAARE, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, 35039, Germany
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25
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Scharf MM, Bünemann M, Baker JG, Kolb P. Comparative Docking to Distinct G Protein-Coupled Receptor Conformations Exclusively Yields Ligands with Agonist Efficacy. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:851-861. [PMID: 31624135 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors exist in a whole spectrum of conformations that are stabilized by the binding of ligands with different efficacy or intracellular effector proteins. Here, we investigate whether three-dimensional structures of receptor conformations in different states of activation can be used to enrich ligands with agonist behavior in prospective docking calculations. We focused on the β 2-adrenergic receptor, as it is currently the receptor with the highest number of active-state crystal structures. Comparative docking calculations to distinct conformations of the receptor were used for the in silico prediction of ligands with agonist efficacy. The pharmacology of molecules selected based on these predictions was characterized experimentally, resulting in a hit rate of 37% ligands, all of which were agonists. The ligands furthermore contain a pyrazole moiety that has previously not been described for β 2-adrenergic receptor ligands, and one of them shows an intrinsic efficacy comparable to salbutamol. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Structure-based ligand design for G protein-coupled receptors crucially depends on receptor conformation and, hence, their activation state. We explored the influence of using multiple active-conformation X-ray structures on the hit rate of docking calculations to find novel agonists, and how to predict the most fruitful strategy to apply. The results suggest that aggregating the ranks of molecules across docking calculations to more than one active-state structure exclusively yields agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Scharf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.B.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; and Cell Signalling, School of Life Science, Queen's Medical Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G.B.)
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.B.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; and Cell Signalling, School of Life Science, Queen's Medical Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G.B.)
| | - Jillian G Baker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.B.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; and Cell Signalling, School of Life Science, Queen's Medical Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G.B.)
| | - Peter Kolb
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.B.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; and Cell Signalling, School of Life Science, Queen's Medical Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G.B.)
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26
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Annala S, Feng X, Shridhar N, Eryilmaz F, Patt J, Yang J, Pfeil EM, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Inoue A, Häberlein F, Slodczyk T, Reher R, Kehraus S, Monteleone S, Schrage R, Heycke N, Rick U, Engel S, Pfeifer A, Kolb P, König G, Bünemann M, Tüting T, Vázquez-Prado J, Gutkind JS, Gaffal E, Kostenis E. Direct targeting of Gαq and Gα11 oncoproteins in cancer cells. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/573/eaau5948. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatic gain-of-function mutations of GNAQ and GNA11, which encode α subunits of heterotrimeric Gαq/11 proteins, occur in about 85% of cases of uveal melanoma (UM), the most common cancer of the adult eye. Molecular therapies to directly target these oncoproteins are lacking, and current treatment options rely on radiation, surgery, or inhibition of effector molecules downstream of these G proteins. A hallmark feature of oncogenic Gαq/11 proteins is their reduced intrinsic rate of hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which results in their accumulation in the GTP-bound, active state. Here, we report that the cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) directly interacted with GTPase-deficient Gαq/11 proteins and preferentially inhibited mitogenic ERK signaling rather than canonical phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) signaling driven by these oncogenes. Thereby, FR suppressed the proliferation of melanoma cells in culture and inhibited the growth of Gαq-driven UM mouse xenografts in vivo. In contrast, FR did not affect tumor growth when xenografts carried mutated B-RafV600E as the oncogenic driver. Because FR enabled suppression of malignant traits in cancer cells that are driven by activating mutations at codon 209 in Gαq/11 proteins, we envision that similar approaches could be taken to blunt the signaling of non-Gαq/11 G proteins.
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27
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Abstract
The use of virtual compound libraries in computer-assisted drug discovery has gained in popularity and has already lead to numerous successes. Here, we examine key static and dynamic virtual library concepts that have been developed over the past decade. To facilitate the search for new drugs in the vastness of chemical space, there are still several hurdles to overcome, including the current difficulties in screening and parsing efficiency and the need for more reliable vendors and accurate synthesis prediction tools. These challenges should be tackled by both the developers of virtual libraries and by their users, in order for the exploration of chemical space to live up to its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek van Hilten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps-University Marburg , Marbacher Weg 6 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Florent Chevillard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps-University Marburg , Marbacher Weg 6 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps-University Marburg , Marbacher Weg 6 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
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28
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Pardon E, Betti C, Laeremans T, Chevillard F, Guillemyn K, Kolb P, Ballet S, Steyaert J. Nanobody-Enabled Reverse Pharmacology on G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5292-5295. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Els Pardon
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cecilia Betti
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels Belgium
| | - Toon Laeremans
- Confo Therapeutics N.V.; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Florent Chevillard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-University Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Karel Guillemyn
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels Belgium
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-University Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
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29
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Pardon E, Betti C, Laeremans T, Chevillard F, Guillemyn K, Kolb P, Ballet S, Steyaert J. Nanobody-Enabled Reverse Pharmacology on G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Els Pardon
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cecilia Betti
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels Belgium
| | - Toon Laeremans
- Confo Therapeutics N.V.; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Florent Chevillard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-University Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Karel Guillemyn
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels Belgium
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-University Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
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30
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Chevillard F, Rimmer H, Betti C, Pardon E, Ballet S, van Hilten N, Steyaert J, Diederich WE, Kolb P. Binding-Site Compatible Fragment Growing Applied to the Design of β 2-Adrenergic Receptor Ligands. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1118-1129. [PMID: 29364664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery is intimately linked to fragment extension approaches that can be accelerated using software for de novo design. Although computers allow for the facile generation of millions of suggestions, synthetic feasibility is however often neglected. In this study we computationally extended, chemically synthesized, and experimentally assayed new ligands for the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) by growing fragment-sized ligands. In order to address the synthetic tractability issue, our in silico workflow aims at derivatized products based on robust organic reactions. The study started from the predicted binding modes of five fragments. We suggested a total of eight diverse extensions that were easily synthesized, and further assays showed that four products had an improved affinity (up to 40-fold) compared to their respective initial fragment. The described workflow, which we call "growing via merging" and for which the key tools are available online, can improve early fragment-based drug discovery projects, making it a useful creative tool for medicinal chemists during structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Chevillard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg , Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Helena Rimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Betti
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Pardon
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB , 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Niek van Hilten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg , Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Steyaert
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB , 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wibke E Diederich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg , Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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31
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Drummond LM, Pillay A, Kolb P, Rani S. Specialised in-patient treatment for severe, chronic, resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychiatr bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.105.007609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims and MethodA naturalistic study was conducted to examine the outcome on self-report and observer-rated measures in patients with severe, chronic, resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) admitted to a specialised in-patient unit.ResultsTwenty-six patients were admitted over the study period. The mean age of all patients was 37 years (s.d.=13.8, range 18–61 years) and they had a mean duration of OCD of 18.4 years (s.d.=10.9, range 4–40 years). Instruments measuring severity demonstrated a 37–67% reduction in obsessive–compulsive symptoms and a 64% reduction in depressive symptoms after an average of almost 15 weeks in hospital.Clinical ImplicationsThis study demonstrates that specialised in-patient care can benefit a small group of severely ill patients with OCD who fail to respond to treatment in primary and secondary care.
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32
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Hoppe A, Marti-Solano M, Drabek M, Bünemann M, Kolb P, Rinne A. The allosteric site regulates the voltage sensitivity of muscarinic receptors. Cell Signal 2017; 42:114-126. [PMID: 29056499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic receptors (M-Rs) for acetylcholine (ACh) belong to the class A of G protein-coupled receptors. M-Rs are activated by orthosteric agonists that bind to a specific site buried in the M-R transmembrane helix bundle. In the active conformation, receptor function can be modulated either by allosteric modulators, which bind to the extracellular receptor surface or by the membrane potential via an unknown mechanism. Here, we compared the modulation of M1-Rs and M3-Rs induced by changes in voltage to their allosteric modulation by chemical compounds. We quantified changes in receptor signaling in single HEK 293 cells with a FRET biosensor for the Gq protein cycle. In the presence of ACh, M1-R signaling was potentiated by voltage, similarly to positive allosteric modulation by benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid. Conversely, signaling of M3-R was attenuated by voltage or the negative allosteric modulator gallamine. Because the orthosteric site is highly conserved among M-Rs, but allosteric sites vary, we constructed "allosteric site" M3/M1-R chimeras and analyzed their voltage dependencies. Exchanging the entire allosteric sites eliminated the voltage sensitivity of ACh responses for both receptors, but did not affect their modulation by allosteric compounds. Furthermore, a point mutation in M3-Rs caused functional uncoupling of the allosteric and orthosteric sites and abolished voltage dependence. Molecular dynamics simulations of the receptor variants indicated a subtype-specific crosstalk between both sites, involving the conserved tyrosine lid structure of the orthosteric site. This molecular crosstalk leads to receptor subtype-specific voltage effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Hoppe
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria Marti-Solano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthäus Drabek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rinne
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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33
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Berberich H, Terwesten F, Rakow S, Sahu P, Bouchard C, Meixner M, Philipsen S, Kolb P, Bauer UM. Identification and in silico structural analysis of Gallus gallus protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4). FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1909-1923. [PMID: 29226078 PMCID: PMC5715347 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) is an essential epigenetic regulator of fundamental and conserved processes during vertebrate development, such as pluripotency and differentiation. Surprisingly, PRMT4 homologs have been identified in nearly all vertebrate classes except the avian genome. This raises the possibility that in birds PRMT4 functions are taken over by other PRMT family members. Here, we reveal the existence of a bona fidePRMT4 homolog in the chicken, Gallus gallus. Using a biochemical approach, we initially purified a putative chicken PRMT4 protein and thus provided the first evidence for the presence of an endogenous PRMT4‐specific enzymatic activity toward histone H3 arginine 17 (H3R17) in avian cells. We then isolated a G. gallus PRMT4 (ggPRMT4) transcript encompassing the complete open reading frame. Recombinant ggPRMT4 possesses intrinsic methyltransferase activity toward H3R17. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated deletion of ggPRMT4 demonstrated that the transcript identified here encodes avian PRMT4. Combining protein–protein docking and homology modeling based on published crystal structures of murine PRMT4, we found a strong structural similarity of the catalytic core domain between chicken and mammalian PRMT4. Strikingly, in silico structural comparison of the N‐terminal Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of avian and murine PRMT4 identified strictly conserved amino acids that are involved in an interaction interface toward the catalytic core domain, facilitating for the first time a prediction of the relative spatial arrangement of these two domains. Our novel findings are particularly exciting in light of the essential function of the PH domain in substrate recognition and methylation by PRMT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Berberich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) Philipps-University Marburg Germany
| | - Felix Terwesten
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Philipps-University Marburg Germany
| | - Sinja Rakow
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) Philipps-University Marburg Germany
| | - Peeyush Sahu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) Philipps-University Marburg Germany
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) Philipps-University Marburg Germany
| | - Marion Meixner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) Philipps-University Marburg Germany
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Department of Cell Biology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kolb
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Philipps-University Marburg Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) Philipps-University Marburg Germany
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34
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Schmidt D, Gunera J, Baker JG, Kolb P. Similarity- and Substructure-Based Development of β 2-Adrenergic Receptor Ligands Based on Unusual Scaffolds. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:481-485. [PMID: 28523097 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and a well-explored target. Here, we report the discovery of 13 ligands, ten of which are novel, of this particular GPCR. They have been identified by similarity- and substructure-based searches using multiple ligands, which were described in an earlier study, as starting points. Of note, two of the molecules used as queries here distinguish themselves from other β2AR antagonists by their unique scaffold. The molecules described in this work allow us to explore the ligand space around the previously reported molecules in greater detail, leading to insights into their structure-activity relationship. We also report experimental binding and selectivity data and putative binding modes for the novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Schmidt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakub Gunera
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jillian G. Baker
- Cell
Signalling, School of Life Science, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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35
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Abstract
In an Essay, Matthew Todd and colleagues discuss an open source approach to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - John McKew
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jaykumar Menon
- McGill University Institute for the Study of International Development, Montreal, Canada
| | - Piero Olliaro
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Sablinski
- Transparency Life Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zakir Thomas
- Open Source Drug Discovery, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Els Torreele
- Public Health Program, Open Society Foundations, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John Wilbanks
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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36
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Gunera J, Kindinger F, Li SM, Kolb P. PrenDB, a Substrate Prediction Database to Enable Biocatalytic Use of Prenyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4003-4021. [PMID: 28007960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenyltransferases of the dimethylallyltryptophan synthase (DMATS) superfamily catalyze the attachment of prenyl or prenyl-like moieties to diverse acceptor compounds. These acceptor molecules are generally aromatic in nature and mostly indole or indole-like. Their catalytic transformation represents a major skeletal diversification step in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including the indole alkaloids. DMATS enzymes thus contribute significantly to the biological and pharmacological diversity of small molecule metabolites. Understanding the substrate specificity of these enzymes could create opportunities for their biocatalytic use in preparing complex synthetic scaffolds. However, there has been no framework to achieve this in a rational way. Here, we report a chemoinformatic pipeline to enable prenyltransferase substrate prediction. We systematically catalogued 32 unique prenyltransferases and 167 unique substrates to create possible reaction matrices and compiled these data into a browsable database named PrenDB. We then used a newly developed algorithm based on molecular fragmentation to automatically extract reactive chemical epitopes. The analysis of the collected data sheds light on the thus far explored substrate space of DMATS enzymes. To assess the predictive performance of our virtual reaction extraction tool, 38 potential substrates were tested as prenyl acceptors in assays with three prenyltransferases, and we were able to detect turnover in >55% of the cases. The database, PrenDB (www.kolblab.org/prendb.php), enables the prediction of potential substrates for chemoenzymatic synthesis through substructure similarity and virtual chemical transformation techniques. It aims at making prenyltransferases and their highly regio- and stereoselective reactions accessible to the research community for integration in synthetic work flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gunera
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35032, Germany.,Synmikro, LOEWE Centre for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35043, Germany
| | - Florian Kindinger
- the Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35032, Germany, and
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Synmikro, LOEWE Centre for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35043, Germany .,the Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35032, Germany, and
| | - Peter Kolb
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35032, Germany, .,Synmikro, LOEWE Centre for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Hesse 35043, Germany
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37
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Munk C, Isberg V, Mordalski S, Harpsøe K, Rataj K, Hauser AS, Kolb P, Bojarski AJ, Vriend G, Gloriam DE. GPCRdb: the G protein-coupled receptor database - an introduction. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2195-207. [PMID: 27155948 PMCID: PMC4919580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GPCRs make up the largest family of human membrane proteins and of drug targets. Recent advances in GPCR pharmacology and crystallography have shed new light on signal transduction, allosteric modulation and biased signalling, translating into new mechanisms and principles for drug design. The GPCR database, GPCRdb, has served the community for over 20 years and has recently been extended to include a more multidisciplinary audience. This review is intended to introduce new users to the services in GPCRdb, which meets three overall purposes: firstly, to provide reference data in an integrated, annotated and structured fashion, with a focus on sequences, structures, single‐point mutations and ligand interactions. Secondly, to equip the community with a suite of web tools for swift analysis of structures, sequence similarities, receptor relationships, and ligand target profiles. Thirdly, to facilitate dissemination through interactive diagrams of, for example, receptor residue topologies, phylogenetic relationships and crystal structure statistics. Herein, these services are described for the first time; visitors and guides are provided with good practices for their utilization. Finally, we describe complementary databases cross‐referenced by GPCRdb and web servers with corresponding functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V Isberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Mordalski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Harpsøe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rataj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - A S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - A J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - G Vriend
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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38
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Fechner U, de Graaf C, Torda AE, Güssregen S, Evers A, Matter H, Hessler G, Richmond NJ, Schmidtke P, Segler MHS, Waller MP, Pleik S, Shea JE, Levine Z, Mullen R, van den Broek K, Epple M, Kuhn H, Truszkowski A, Zielesny A, Fraaije JH, Gracia RS, Kast SM, Bulusu KC, Bender A, Yosipof A, Nahum O, Senderowitz H, Krotzky T, Schulz R, Wolber G, Bietz S, Rarey M, Zimmermann MO, Lange A, Ruff M, Heidrich J, Onlia I, Exner TE, Boeckler FM, Bermudez M, Firaha DS, Hollóczki O, Kirchner B, Tautermann CS, Volkamer A, Eid S, Turk S, Rippmann F, Fulle S, Saleh N, Saladino G, Gervasio FL, Haensele E, Banting L, Whitley DC, Oliveira Santos JSD, Bureau R, Clark T, Sandmann A, Lanig H, Kibies P, Heil J, Hoffgaard F, Frach R, Engel J, Smith S, Basu D, Rauh D, Kohlbacher O, Boeckler FM, Essex JW, Bodnarchuk MS, Ross GA, Finkelmann AR, Göller AH, Schneider G, Husch T, Schütter C, Balducci A, Korth M, Ntie-Kang F, Günther S, Sippl W, Mbaze LM, Ntie-Kang F, Simoben CV, Lifongo LL, Ntie-Kang F, Judson P, Barilla J, Lokajíček MV, Pisaková H, Simr P, Kireeva N, Petrov A, Ostroumov D, Solovev VP, Pervov VS, Friedrich NO, Sommer K, Rarey M, Kirchmair J, Proschak E, Weber J, Moser D, Kalinowski L, Achenbach J, Mackey M, Cheeseright T, Renner G, Renner G, Schmidt TC, Schram J, Egelkraut-Holtus M, van Oeyen A, Kalliokoski T, Fourches D, Ibezim A, Mbah CJ, Adikwu UM, Nwodo NJ, Steudle A, Masek BB, Nagy S, Baker D, Soltanshahi F, Dorfman R, Dubrucq K, Patel H, Koch O, Mrugalla F, Kast SM, Ain QU, Fuchs JE, Owen RM, Omoto K, Torella R, Pryde DC, Glen R, Bender A, Hošek P, Spiwok V, Mervin LH, Barrett I, Firth M, Murray DC, McWilliams L, Cao Q, Engkvist O, Warszycki D, Śmieja M, Bojarski AJ, Aniceto N, Freitas A, Ghafourian T, Herrmann G, Eigner-Pitto V, Naß A, Kurczab R, Bojarski AJ, Lange A, Günther MB, Hennig S, Büttner FM, Schall C, Sievers-Engler A, Ansideri F, Koch P, Stehle T, Laufer S, Böckler FM, Zdrazil B, Montanari F, Ecker GF, Grebner C, Hogner A, Ulander J, Edman K, Guallar V, Tyrchan C, Ulander J, Tyrchan C, Klute W, Bergström F, Kramer C, Nguyen QD, Frach R, Kibies P, Strohfeldt S, Böttcher S, Pongratz T, Horinek D, Kast SM, Rupp B, Al-Yamori R, Lisurek M, Kühne R, Furtado F, van den Broek K, Wessjohann L, Mathea M, Baumann K, Mohamad-Zobir SZ, Fu X, Fan TP, Bender A, Kuhn MA, Sotriffer CA, Zoufir A, Li X, Mervin L, Berg E, Polokoff M, Ihlenfeldt WD, Ihlenfeldt WD, Pretzel J, Alhalabi Z, Fraczkiewicz R, Waldman M, Clark RD, Shaikh N, Garg P, Kos A, Himmler HJ, Sandmann A, Jardin C, Sticht H, Steinbrecher TB, Dahlgren M, Cappel D, Lin T, Wang L, Krilov G, Abel R, Friesner R, Sherman W, Pöhner IA, Panecka J, Wade RC, Bietz S, Schomburg KT, Hilbig M, Rarey M, Jäger C, Wieczorek V, Westerhoff LM, Borbulevych OY, Demuth HU, Buchholz M, Schmidt D, Rickmeyer T, Krotzky T, Kolb P, Mittal S, Sánchez-García E, Nogueira MS, Oliveira TB, da Costa FB, Schmidt TJ. 11th German Conference on Chemoinformatics (GCC 2015) : Fulda, Germany. 8-10 November 2015. J Cheminform 2016; 8:18. [PMID: 29270804 PMCID: PMC4896257 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uli Fechner
- GDCh-CIC Division Associated Board Member, Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften, Trakehner Str. 7-9, 60487, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew E Torda
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Uni Hamburg, Bundesstr. 43, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Güssregen
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Andreas Evers
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Matter
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hessler
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Marwin H S Segler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
| | - Mark P Waller
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pleik
- Bundeskriminalamt Wiesbaden, Central Analytics II, 65173, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93111, USA.
| | - Zachary Levine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93111, USA
| | - Ryan Mullen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93111, USA
| | | | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Truszkowski
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Achim Zielesny
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, Recklinghausen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Stefan M Kast
- Physikalische Chemie III, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Krishna C Bulusu
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.,Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Abraham Yosipof
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Oren Nahum
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Hanoch Senderowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Timo Krotzky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Schulz
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Straße 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Computer-Aided Drug Design, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Straße 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bietz
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Rarey
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus O Zimmermann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics Tuebingen (ZBIT), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Departement of Pharmaceutical Science, Mol. Design, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Lange
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics Tuebingen (ZBIT), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Ruff
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics Tuebingen (ZBIT), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Heidrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ionut Onlia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics Tuebingen (ZBIT), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas E Exner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics Tuebingen (ZBIT), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank M Boeckler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dzmitry S Firaha
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christofer S Tautermann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Lead Identification and Optimization Support, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Andrea Volkamer
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sameh Eid
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samo Turk
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Rippmann
- Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, Global Computational Chemistry, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulle
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Noureldin Saleh
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giorgio Saladino
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco L Gervasio
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Elke Haensele
- Centre for Molecular Design, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Banting
- Centre for Molecular Design, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - David C Whitley
- Centre for Molecular Design, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, UPRES EA 4258 - FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, Boulevard Becquerel, 14032, CAEN Cedex, France
| | - Ronan Bureau
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, UPRES EA 4258 - FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, Boulevard Becquerel, 14032, CAEN Cedex, France
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Design, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Naegelsbachstr. 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Sandmann
- Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Harald Lanig
- Central Institute for Scientific Computing (ZISC), FAU-Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 5a, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Kibies
- Physikalische Chemie III, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Jochen Heil
- Physikalische Chemie III, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Roland Frach
- Physikalische Chemie III, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julian Engel
- Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Steven Smith
- Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Debjit Basu
- Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics Tuebingen (ZBIT), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank M Boeckler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Center for Bioinformatics Tuebingen (ZBIT), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jonathan W Essex
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | | | - Gregory A Ross
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Arndt R Finkelmann
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas H Göller
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Husch
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Schütter
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Balducci
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Korth
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon. .,Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06120, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06120, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Douala, Douala, Littoral Region, Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon. .,Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06120, Germany.
| | - Conrad V Simoben
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L Lifongo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon. .,Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06120, Germany. .,Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
| | - Philip Judson
- Chemical Bioactivity Information Centre, Heather Lea, Bland Hill, Norwood, Harrogate, HG3 1TE, UK
| | - Jiří Barilla
- Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkinje University in Usti nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic.
| | - Miloš V Lokajíček
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Pisaková
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Simr
- Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkinje University in Usti nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kireeva
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141700, Russia.
| | - Alexandre Petrov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Moscow, 119071, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141700, Russia.,Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Denis Ostroumov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Moscow, 119071, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141700, Russia
| | - Vitaly P Solovev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Vladislav S Pervov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Nils-Ole Friedrich
- University of Hamburg, Center for Bioinformatics, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Kai Sommer
- University of Hamburg, Center for Bioinformatics, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Matthias Rarey
- University of Hamburg, Center for Bioinformatics, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- University of Hamburg, Center for Bioinformatics, Hamburg, 20146, Germany.
| | - Eugen Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany.
| | - Julia Weber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Daniel Moser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Lena Kalinowski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Janosch Achenbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Mark Mackey
- Cresset, Litlington, Cambridgeshire, SG8 0SS, UK.
| | | | - Gerrit Renner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein, Krefeld, 47798, Germany.
| | - Gerrit Renner
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schram
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein, Krefeld, 47798, Germany
| | | | | | - Tuomo Kalliokoski
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Denis Fourches
- Department of Chemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Akachukwu Ibezim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Chika J Mbah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Umale M Adikwu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi J Nwodo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria.
| | - Alexander Steudle
- Certara International, Martin-Kollar-Straße 17, 81829, München, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hitesh Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Oliver Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Stefan M Kast
- Physikalische Chemie III, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Qurrat U Ain
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Owen
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, Cb21 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Kiyoyuki Omoto
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, Cb21 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - Rubben Torella
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - David C Pryde
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Glen
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom. .,Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. .,Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Petr Hošek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Lewis H Mervin
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Barrett
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Cambridge, Cambridge Science Park, UK
| | - Mike Firth
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Alderley Park, UK
| | - David C Murray
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Lisa McWilliams
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Qing Cao
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Chemistry Innovation Centre, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dawid Warszycki
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, 31-343, Poland.
| | - Marek Śmieja
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-348, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Natalia Aniceto
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Alex Freitas
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NF, UK
| | - Taravat Ghafourian
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, 31-343, Poland.
| | | | | | - Alexandra Naß
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Andreas Lange
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Science, Mol. Design, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Marcel B Günther
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Science, Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Hennig
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Science, Mol. Design, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Felix M Büttner
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schall
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Sievers-Engler
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Bioanalysis, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Francesco Ansideri
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Science, Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Science, Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Science, Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank M Böckler
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Science, Mol. Design, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Zdrazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacoinformatics Research Group, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Floriane Montanari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacoinformatics Research Group, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacoinformatics Research Group, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Karl Edman
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Victor Guallar
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, BSC, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Kramer
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Pharma Early Research and Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Quoc Dat Nguyen
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Roland Frach
- Physikalische Chemie III, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick Kibies
- Physikalische Chemie III, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Tim Pongratz
- Physikalische Chemie III, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Kast
- Physikalische Chemie III, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Bernd Rupp
- Structural Biology, AG Computational Chemistry/Drug Design, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Raed Al-Yamori
- Structural Biology, AG Computational Chemistry/Drug Design, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Lisurek
- Structural Biology, AG Computational Chemistry/Drug Design, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Kühne
- Structural Biology, AG Computational Chemistry/Drug Design, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Filipe Furtado
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karina van den Broek
- Chemistry Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 7, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Miriam Mathea
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Knut Baumann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siti Zuraidah Mohamad-Zobir
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Xianjun Fu
- School of Information Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Jinan, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom. .,Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. .,Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Maximilian A Kuhn
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph A Sotriffer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Azedine Zoufir
- Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Xitong Li
- BioSeek, Inc., 310 Utah 100, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Lewis Mervin
- Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ellen Berg
- BioSeek, Inc., 310 Utah 100, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Mark Polokoff
- BioSeek, Inc., 310 Utah 100, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Jette Pretzel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Zayan Alhalabi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Neem Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India.
| | | | | | - Achim Sandmann
- Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christophe Jardin
- Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Markus Dahlgren
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Daniel Cappel
- Schrödinger GmbH, Dynamostr. 13, 68165, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Teng Lin
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Lingle Wang
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Goran Krilov
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Robert Abel
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Richard Friesner
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Woody Sherman
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Ina A Pöhner
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS) gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Joanna Panecka
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS) gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS) gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,ZMBH-DKFZ Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bietz
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Hilbig
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rarey
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Jäger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Vivien Wieczorek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lance M Westerhoff
- QuantumBio Inc, 2790 West College Avenue, Suite 900, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Oleg Y Borbulevych
- QuantumBio Inc, 2790 West College Avenue, Suite 900, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mirko Buchholz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Denis Schmidt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
| | | | - Timo Krotzky
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Kolb
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sumit Mittal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | | | - Mauro S Nogueira
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Muenster, Correnstraße 48, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Tiago B Oliveira
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW1 2AZ, UK
| | - Fernando B da Costa
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW1 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Central Institute for Scientific Computing (ZISC), FAU-Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 5a, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Kaczor AA, Silva AG, Loza MI, Kolb P, Castro M, Poso A. Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Dopamine D2Receptor Ligands as Potential Antipsychotics. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:718-29. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab; Faculty of Pharmacy with Division for Medical Analytics; Medical University of Lublin; 4A Chodźki St. 20059 Lublin Poland
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Andrea G. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); Avda de Barcelona 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - María I. Loza
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); Avda de Barcelona 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps University Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Marián Castro
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); Avda de Barcelona 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of Internal Medicine I; Division of Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology; Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10 72076 Tübingen Germany
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40
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Held M, Doppert N, Hübner G, Grün M, Holl R, Kolb P, Wilkens H, Schäfers HJ, Jany B. Funktionelle Charakterisierung von Patienten mit Chronisch thrombembolischer Vasculopathie und normaler Ruhehämodynamik. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1572122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Unzue A, Lafleur K, Zhao H, Zhou T, Dong J, Kolb P, Liebl J, Zahler S, Caflisch A, Nevado C. Three stories on Eph kinase inhibitors: From in silico discovery to in vivo validation. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 112:347-366. [PMID: 26907157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several selective and potent EphB4 inhibitors have been discovered, optimized and biophysically characterized by our groups over the past years. On the outset of these discoveries high throughput docking techniques were applied. Herein, we review the optimization campaigns started from three of these hits (Xan-A1, Pyr-A1 and Qui-A1) with emphasis on their in depth in vitro and in vivo characterization, together with previously unpublished angiogenesis and fluorescence based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Unzue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karine Lafleur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Liebl
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Münich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Münich, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Münich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Münich, Germany
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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42
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Wolf D, Rippa V, Mobarec JC, Sauer P, Adlung L, Kolb P, Bischofs IB. The quorum-sensing regulator ComA from Bacillus subtilis activates transcription using topologically distinct DNA motifs. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:2160-72. [PMID: 26582911 PMCID: PMC4797271 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ComA-like transcription factors regulate the quorum response in numerous Gram-positive bacteria. ComA proteins belong to the tetrahelical helix-turn-helix superfamily of transcriptional activators, which bind as homodimers to inverted sequence repeats in the DNA. Here, we report that ComA from Bacillus subtilis recognizes a topologically distinct motif, in which the binding elements form a direct repeat. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that the canonical and non-canonical site play an important role in facilitating type I and type II promoter activation, respectively, by interacting with different subunits of RNA polymerase. We furthermore show that there is a variety of contexts in which the non-canonical site can occur and identify new direct target genes that are located within the integrative and conjugative element ICEBs1. We therefore suggest that ComA acts as a multifunctional transcriptional activator and provides a striking example for complexity in protein–DNA interactions that evolved in the context of quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wolf
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and Center for the Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentina Rippa
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and Center for the Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Mobarec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Sauer
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and Center for the Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adlung
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and Center for the Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ilka B Bischofs
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and Center for the Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rinne A, Mobarec JC, Mahaut-Smith M, Kolb P, Bünemann M. The mode of agonist binding to a G protein-coupled receptor switches the effect that voltage changes have on signaling. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra110. [PMID: 26535008 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by many heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is either enhanced or attenuated by changes in plasma membrane potential. To identify structural correlates of the voltage sensitivity of GPCR signaling, we chose muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (the M1, M3, and M5 isoforms) as a model system. We combined molecular docking analysis with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assays that monitored receptor activity under voltage clamp conditions. When human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing the individual receptors were stimulated with the agonist carbachol, membrane depolarization enhanced signaling by the M1 receptor but attenuated signaling by the M3 and M5 receptors. Furthermore, whether membrane depolarization enhanced or inhibited receptor signaling depended on the type of agonist. Membrane depolarization attenuated M3 receptor signaling when the receptor was bound to carbachol or acetylcholine, whereas depolarization enhanced signaling when the receptor was bound to either choline or pilocarpine. Docking calculations predicted that there were two distinct binding modes for these ligands, which were associated with the effect of depolarization on receptor function. From these calculations, we identified a residue in the M3 receptor that, when mutated, would alter the binding mode of carbachol to resemble that of pilocarpine in silico. Introduction of this mutated M3 receptor into cells confirmed that the membrane depolarization enhanced, rather than attenuated, signaling by the carbachol-bound receptor. Together, these data suggest that the directionality of the voltage sensitivity of GPCR signaling is defined by the specific binding mode of each ligand to the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rinne
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Mobarec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martyn Mahaut-Smith
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, University Road, P. O. Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Bünemann M, Kolb P, VanHook AM. Science Signaling
Podcast for 3 November 2015: Ligands control GPCR voltage sensitivity. Sci Signal 2015. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
How a ligand binds to a G protein–coupled receptor determines whether changes in membrane potential enhance or attenuate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Karlvon-Frisch-Str. 1, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Annalisa M. VanHook
- Web Editor, Science Signaling, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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Chevillard F, Kolb P. SCUBIDOO: A Large yet Screenable and Easily Searchable Database of Computationally Created Chemical Compounds Optimized toward High Likelihood of Synthetic Tractability. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:1824-35. [PMID: 26282054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
De novo drug design is widely assisted by computational approaches that enable the generation of a tremendous amount of new virtual molecules within a short time frame. While the novelty of the computationally generated compounds can easily be assessed, such approaches often neglect the synthetic feasibility of the molecules, thus creating a potential hurdle that can be a barrier to further investigation. Therefore, we have developed SCUBIDOO, a freely accessible database concept that currently holds 21 million virtual products originating from a small library of building blocks and a collection of robust organic reactions. This large data set was reduced to three representative and computationally tractable samples denoted as S, M, and L, containing 9994, 99,977, and 999,794 products, respectively. These small sets are useful as starting points for ligand identification and optimization projects. The generated products come with synthesis instructions and alerts of possible side reactions, and we show that they exhibit drug-like properties while still extending into unexplored quadrants of chemical space, thus suggesting novelty. We show multiple examples that demonstrate how SCUBIDOO can facilitate the search around initial hits. This database might be a useful idea generator for early ligand discovery projects since it allows a focus on those molecules that are likely to be synthetically feasible and can therefore be studied further. Together with its modular building block construction principle, this database is also suitable for structure-activity relationship studies or fragment-growing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chevillard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg , 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - P Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg , 35032 Marburg, Germany
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46
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Gunera J, Kolb P. Fragment-based similarity searching with infinite color space. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1597-608. [PMID: 26119231 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fragment-based searching and abstract representation of molecular features through reduced graphs have separately been used for virtual screening. Here, we combine these two approaches and apply the algorithm RedFrag to virtual screens retrospectively and prospectively. It uses a new type of reduced graph that does not suffer from information loss during its construction and bypasses the necessity of feature definitions. Built upon chemical epitopes resulting from molecule fragmentation, the reduced graph embodies physico-chemical and 2D-structural properties of a molecule. Reduced graphs are compared with a continuous-similarity-distance-driven maximal common subgraph algorithm, which calculates similarity at the fragmental and topological levels. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by retrieval experiments utilizing precompiled validation sets. By predicting and experimentally testing ligands for endothiapepsin, a challenging model protease, the method is assessed in a prospective setting. Here, we identified five novel ligands with affinities as low as 2.08 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gunera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marbacher Weg 6, Marburg, 35032, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marbacher Weg 6, Marburg, 35032, Germany
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47
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So CS, Kolb P, Blömer H. Vectorcardiographic findings in Friedreich's ataxia. Adv Cardiol 2015; 16:545-8. [PMID: 132108 DOI: 10.1159/000398458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schmidt D, Bernat V, Brox R, Tschammer N, Kolb P. Identifying modulators of CXC receptors 3 and 4 with tailored selectivity using multi-target docking. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:715-24. [PMID: 25398025 DOI: 10.1021/cb500577j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptors of the C-X-C subfamily form a group among the chemokine receptors whose endogenous ligands are peptides with a common Cys-X-Cys motif. The CXC chemokine receptors 3 and 4 (CXCR3, CXCR4), which are investigated in this study, are linked to severe diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, and HIV infections. Of particular interest, this receptor pair potentially forms a target for a polypharmacological drug treatment. Considering known ligands from public databases, such dual binders have not been identified yet. We therefore applied large-scale docking to the structure of CXCR4 and a homology model of CXCR3 with the goal to predict such dual binders, as well as compounds selective for either one of the receptors. Using signaling and biochemical assays, we showed that more than 50% of these predictions were correct in each category, yielding ligands with excellent binding efficiencies. These results highlight that docking is a suitable tool for the identification of ligands with tailored binding profiles to GPCRs, even when using homology models. More importantly, we present novel CXCR3-CXCR4 dual modulators that might pave the road to understanding the mechanisms of polypharmacological inhibition of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regine Brox
- Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Kolb
- Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), Marburg, Germany
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Winkelblech J, Liebhold M, Gunera J, Xie X, Kolb P, Li SM. TryptophanC5-,C6-andC7-Prenylating Enzymes Displaying a Preference for C-6 of the Indole Ring in the Presence of Unnatural Dimethylallyl Diphosphate Analogues. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Korczynska M, Xiang DF, Zhang Z, Xu C, Narindoshvili T, Kamat SS, Williams HJ, Chang SS, Kolb P, Hillerich B, Sauder JM, Burley SK, Almo SC, Swaminathan S, Shoichet BK, Raushel FM. Functional annotation and structural characterization of a novel lactonase hydrolyzing D-xylono-1,4-lactone-5-phosphate and L-arabino-1,4-lactone-5-phosphate. Biochemistry 2014; 53:4727-38. [PMID: 24955762 PMCID: PMC4108184 DOI: 10.1021/bi500595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel lactonase from Mycoplasma synoviae 53 (MS53_0025) and Mycoplasma agalactiae PG2 (MAG_6390) was characterized by protein structure determination, molecular docking, gene context analysis, and library screening. The crystal structure of MS53_0025 was determined to a resolution of 2.06 Å. This protein adopts a typical amidohydrolase (β/α)8-fold and contains a binuclear zinc center located at the C-terminal end of the β-barrel. A phosphate molecule was bound in the active site and hydrogen bonds to Lys217, Lys244, Tyr245, Arg275, and Tyr278. Both docking and gene context analysis were used to narrow the theoretical substrate profile of the enzyme, thus directing empirical screening to identify that MS53_0025 and MAG_6390 catalyze the hydrolysis of d-xylono-1,4-lactone-5-phosphate (2) with kcat/Km values of 4.7 × 10(4) and 5.7 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and l-arabino-1,4-lactone-5-phosphate (7) with kcat/Km values of 1.3 × 10(4) and 2.2 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. The identification of the substrate profile of these two phospho-furanose lactonases emerged only when all methods were integrated and therefore provides a blueprint for future substrate identification of highly related amidohydrolase superfamily members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Korczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco , 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States
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