1
|
Alcalde S, Porcar R, De La Puente ML, Cumming GR, Mateos C, García-Losada P, Anta C, Rincón JA, García-Verdugo E. Continuous-Flow Supercritical CO 2 Platform for In-Situ Synthesis and Purification of Small Molecules for Drug Discovery. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alcalde
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Grupo de Química Sostenible y Supramolecular, Universidad Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Grupo de Química Sostenible y Supramolecular, Universidad Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, E-28040 Avda. Esparta s/n, Las Rozas, 28232 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz De La Puente
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Graham R. Cumming
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Losada
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Cristina Anta
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rincón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Grupo de Química Sostenible y Supramolecular, Universidad Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valverde D, Porcar R, Prinzi R, Luis SV, Altava B, García-Verdugo E. Continuous flow system for simple preparation of functionalized polymeric beads from poly(acrylamide-thiolactone). Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Going with the flow: continuous flow devices to fabricate functional spherical polymers based on poly(acrylamide-thiolactone).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Valverde
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad Jaume I, Avda. Sos, Baynat s/n, Castellon 12071, Spain
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, UNED, Mercedes de Montes de Oca 11503, Costa Rica
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad Jaume I, Avda. Sos, Baynat s/n, Castellon 12071, Spain
- Dpto. Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n, 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberta Prinzi
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad Jaume I, Avda. Sos, Baynat s/n, Castellon 12071, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad Jaume I, Avda. Sos, Baynat s/n, Castellon 12071, Spain
| | - Belén Altava
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad Jaume I, Avda. Sos, Baynat s/n, Castellon 12071, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad Jaume I, Avda. Sos, Baynat s/n, Castellon 12071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maciá M, Porcar R, Martí-Centelles V, García-Verdugo E, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Rational Design of Simple Organocatalysts for the HSiCl 3 Enantioselective Reduction of (E)- N-(1-Phenylethylidene)aniline. Molecules 2021; 26:6963. [PMID: 34834055 PMCID: PMC8625272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolinamides are well-known organocatalysts for the HSiCl3 reduction of imines; however, custom design of catalysts is based on trial-and-error experiments. In this work, we have used a combination of computational calculations and experimental work, including kinetic analyses, to properly understand this process and to design optimized catalysts for the benchmark (E)-N-(1-phenylethylidene)aniline. The best results have been obtained with the amide derived from 4-methoxyaniline and the N-pivaloyl protected proline, for which the catalyzed process is almost 600 times faster than the uncatalyzed one. Mechanistic studies reveal that the formation of the component supramolecular complex catalyst-HSiCl3-substrate, involving hydrogen bonding breaking and costly conformational changes in the prolinamide, is an important step in the overall process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Maciá
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
- Department of Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UNED—Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Avenida de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas-Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Maria Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peris E, Porcar R, Macia M, Alcázar J, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Synergy between supported ionic liquid-like phases and immobilized palladium N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine complexes for the Negishi reaction under flow conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1924-1935. [PMID: 32802209 PMCID: PMC7418103 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of supported ionic liquids and immobilized NHC-Pd-RuPhos led to active and more stable systems for the Negishi reaction under continuous flow conditions than those solely based on NHC-Pd-RuPhos. The fine tuning of the NHC-Pd catalyst and the SILLPs is a key factor for the optimization of the release and catch mechanism leading to a catalytic system easily recoverable and reusable for a large number of catalytic cycles enhancing the long-term catalytic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Peris
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
| | - María Macia
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75A, Toledo, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
| | - Santiago V Luis
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Valls A, Castillo A, Porcar R, Hietala S, Altava B, Garcı A-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Urea-Based Low-Molecular-Weight Pseudopeptidic Organogelators for the Encapsulation and Slow Release of ( R)-Limonene. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7051-7061. [PMID: 32511911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight compounds containing alkylurea fragments attached to the amino end of different miminalistic pseudopeptidic structures have been shown to be excellent organogelators in a variety of organic solvents and liquid organic compounds of different nature. The formation of gels in this work is defined through rheological measurements for those cases where G' > G''. Both the topology and the symmetry of the corresponding urea compounds play a role in defining their organogelator behavior. This can also be tuned by the presence of additional supramolecular guests, as is the case for suberic acid. These compounds also achieve the gelation of relevant active substances such as terpene natural oils and complex mixtures of flavors and fragrances. This provides a simple and mass-efficient supramolecular system for the quantitative encapsulation of active substances, without the need for any additional solvent or complex processes, and their consequent controlled release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Valls
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adrián Castillo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Belén Altava
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcı A-Verdugo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Santiago V Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peris E, Porcar R, García-Álvarez J, Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Divergent Multistep Continuous Synthetic Transformations of Allylic Alcohol Enabled by Catalysts Immobilized in Ionic Liquid Phases. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:1684-1691. [PMID: 30803157 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two individual catalytic platforms (metal- and organo-catalyzed) based on the use of an ionic liquid phase were successfully integrated for the synthesis of α-cyano-amine and cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers from allylic alcohol. The right combination of continuous flow processes enabled access to the divergent preparation of two alternative and interesting intermediate compounds from the same starting material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Peris
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" (Unidad asociada al CSIC), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Santiago V Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peris E, Porcar R, Burguete MI, García‐Verdugo E, Luis SV. Supported Ionic Liquid‐Like Phases (SILLPs) as Immobilised Catalysts for the Multistep and Multicatalytic Continuous Flow Synthesis of Chiral Cyanohydrins. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Peris
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
| | - María Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
| | - Eduardo García‐Verdugo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Porcar R, Nuevo D, García-Verdugo E, Lozano P, Sanchez-Marcano J, Burguete MI, Luis SV. New porous monolithic membranes based on supported ionic liquid-like phases for oil/water separation and homogenous catalyst immobilisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2385-2388. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Membranes based on supported ionic liquid-like phase (SIILP) systems with tunable properties allowed oil/water separation and reaction/separation integration in biphasic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Porcar
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- E-12071-Castellón
- Spain
| | - Daniel Nuevo
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- E-12071-Castellón
- Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- E-12071-Castellón
- Spain
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology “B” and Immunology
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Murcia
- E-30100 – Murcia
- Spain
| | - José Sanchez-Marcano
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM)
- Université de Montpellier – Case courrier 047
- 34095 Montpellier cedex 5
- France
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- E-12071-Castellón
- Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- E-12071-Castellón
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Montolio S, Zagorodko O, Porcar R, Isabel Burguete M, Luis SV, Tenhu H, García-Verdugo E. Poly(acrylamide-homocysteine thiolactone) as a synthetic platform for the preparation of polymeric ionic liquids by post ring-opening-orthogonal modifications. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-modification of Poly(Acrylamide-Homocysteine Thiolactone) provides a variety of advanced polymeric materials with different morphologies and structural diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Montolio
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Oleksandr Zagorodko
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universitat Jaume I E-12071
- Castellón de la Plana
- Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universitat Jaume I E-12071
- Castellón de la Plana
- Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universitat Jaume I E-12071
- Castellón de la Plana
- Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universitat Jaume I E-12071
- Castellón de la Plana
- Spain
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki
- Finland
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Faggi E, Porcar R, Bolte M, Luis SV, García-Verdugo E, Alfonso I. Chiral Imidazolium Receptors for Citrate and Malate: The Importance of the Preorganization. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9141-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5014977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Faggi
- Departamento
de Química Biológica y Modelización Molecular, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona, 16-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, J.-W.-Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str.7, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Departamento
de Química Biológica y Modelización Molecular, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona, 16-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Porcar R, Sans V, Ríos-Lombardía N, Gotor-Fernández V, Gotor V, Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Stereoselective Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enantiopure 2-(1H-imidazol-yl)cycloalkanols under Continuous Flow Conditions. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300282w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Porcar
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I E-12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Victor Sans
- School of Chemistry, Joseph
Black Building, University of Glasgow,
Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología
de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología
de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología
de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I E-12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I E-12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I E-12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ríos-Lombardía N, Porcar R, Busto E, Alfonso I, Montejo-Bernardo J, García-Granda S, Gotor V, Luis SV, García-Verdugo E, Gotor-Fernández V. Enantiopure Triazolium Salts: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Applications in Organocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
13
|
Ríos-Lombardía N, Busto E, Gotor-Fernández V, Gotor V, Porcar R, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV, Alfonso I, García-Granda S, Menéndez-Velázquez A. From salts to ionic liquids by systematic structural modifications: a rational approach towards the efficient modular synthesis of enantiopure imidazolium salts. Chemistry 2010; 16:836-47. [PMID: 19946902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a simple and robust modular synthetic strategy that leads to a large variety of configurationally and structurally diverse imidazole-based chiral ionic liquids (CILs) by lipase-catalyzed resolution. The intimate microscopic interactions of the supramolecular ionic network of these imidazolium chiral salts at the molecular level are investigated both spectroscopically (NMR, FT-IR-ATR) and theoretically, and a topological analysis of the experimental electron densities obtained by X-ray diffraction of single crystals is performed. Our results support the key role played by the relative configuration of the -OR group on the hydrogen-bonding pattern and its strong influence on the final physical properties of the imidazolium salt. We also obtained a reasonable correlation between the observed melting point and the non-covalent interactions. The spectroscopic data and the topological analysis reflect the key role played by hydrogen bonds between the OH and imidazolium C2H groups in both cation-anion and cation-cation interactions, with the presence of an OH group leading to an additional inter-cation interaction. This interaction significantly affects the properties of stereoisomeric salts. Even more interestingly, we also studied the effect of the chirality by comparing enantiopure CILs with their racemic mixtures and found that, with the exception of trans-Cy6-OH-Im-Bn-Br, the melting points of the racemic mixtures are higher than those of the corresponding enantiomerically pure forms. For stereoisomeric examples, we have successfully explained the differences in melting temperatures in light of the corresponding structural data. Chirality should therefore be taken into account as a highly attractive design vector in the preparation of ILs with specifically desired properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Page A, De Rosario H, Mata V, Hoyos JV, Porcar R. Effect of marker cluster design on the accuracy of human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Med Biol Eng Comput 2006; 44:1113-9. [PMID: 17096099 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-006-0124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a new, simple model to evaluate the instrumental random errors in kinematic analysis of human movements using stereophotogrammetry. By means of equations analogous to that relate linear or angular momentum with linear or angular velocities, a direct measurement of instantaneous motion can be made without previous finite displacement analysis. Single explicit expressions can be obtained to evaluate the influence of instrumental random errors in the accuracy of the kinematic variables. From these expressions, some conclusions about the effect of marker cluster design on the experimental errors are obtained. An experiment has been carried out in order to validate the proposed technique and to assess the experimental errors in linear and angular velocity measurement and its influence in instantaneous helical axis determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Page
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n., 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|