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Snyder ME, Anderson MR, Benvenuto LJ, Sutton RM, Bondonese A, Koshy R, Burke R, Clifford S, Craig A, Iasella CJ, Hannan SJ, Popescu I, Zhang Y, Sanchez PG, Alder JK, McDyer JF. Impact of age and telomere length on circulating T cells and rejection risk after lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:1666-1677. [PMID: 37544465 PMCID: PMC10839116 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lung transplant recipients (IPF-LTRs) have short telomere (ST) length. Inherited mutations in telomere-related genes are associated with the development of T cell immunodeficiency. Despite this, IPF-LTRs with telomere-related rare variants are not protected from acute cellular rejection (ACR). We set out to determine the impact of both age and telomere length on the circulating T cell compartment and ACR burden of IPF-LTRs. METHODS We identified 106 IPF-LTRs who had telomere length testing using flowFISH (57 with short telomeres and 49 with long telomeres) as well as a subset from both cohorts who had cryopreserved PBMC at least 1 time point, 6 months posttransplantation. Circulating T cells from before transplantation and at 6 and 12 months posttransplantation were analyzed using multiparameter flow cytometry to study phenotype and functional capacity, and bulk T cell receptor sequencing was performed to study repertoire diversity. Linear regression was used to study the relationship of age and telomere length on early (within 1 year) and late (between 1 and 2 years) ACR. RESULTS IPF-LTRs with ST were found to have premature "aging" of their circulating T cell compartment, with age-agnostic elevations in posttransplant terminal differentiation of CD8+ T cells, increased granzyme B positivity of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, upregulation of the exhaustion marker, CD57, and chemotactic protein CCR5, and enhanced T cell receptor clonal expansion. Additionally, we found a significant decline in early ACR burden with increasing age, but only in the ST cohort. CONCLUSIONS IPF-LTRs with ST have premature "aging" of their circulating T cell compartment posttransplantation and a clear age-related decline in ACR burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Michaela R Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luke J Benvenuto
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rachel M Sutton
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Bondonese
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ritchie Koshy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robin Burke
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Clifford
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Craig
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carlo J Iasella
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stefanie J Hannan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Iulia Popescu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pablo G Sanchez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John F McDyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Hannan SJ, Iasella CJ, Sutton RM, Popescu ID, Koshy R, Burke R, Chen X, Zhang Y, Pilewski JM, Hage CA, Sanchez PG, Im A, Farah R, Alder JK, McDyer JF. Lung transplant recipients with telomere-mediated pulmonary fibrosis have increased risk for hematologic complications. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1590-1602. [PMID: 37392813 PMCID: PMC11062487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung transplant recipients (IPF-LTRs) are enriched for short telomere length (TL) and telomere gene rare variants. A subset of patients with nontransplant short-TL are at increased risk for bone marrow (BM) dysfunction. We hypothesized that IPF-LTRs with short-TL and/or rare variants would be at increased risk for posttransplant hematologic complications. Data were extracted from a retrospective cohort of 72 IPF-LTRs and 72 age-matched non-IPF-LTR controls. Genetic assessment was done using whole genome sequencing or targeted sequence panel. TL was measured using flow cytometry and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FlowFISH) and TelSeq software. The majority of the IPF-LTR cohort had short-TL, and 26% of IPF-LTRs had rare variants. Compared to non-IPF controls, short-TL IPF-LTRs were more likely to have immunosuppression agents discontinued due to cytopenias (P = .0375), and BM dysfunction requiring BM biopsy was more prevalent (29% vs 4%, P = .0003). IPF-LTRs with short-TL and rare variants had increased requirements for transfusion and growth factor support. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that short-TL, rare variants, and lower pretransplant platelet counts were associated with BM dysfunction. Pretransplant TL measurement and genetic testing for rare telomere gene variants identified IPF-LTRs at increased risk for hematologic complications. Our findings support stratification for telomere-mediated pulmonary fibrosis in lung transplant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Hannan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlo J Iasella
- Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel M Sutton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Iulia D Popescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ritchie Koshy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robin Burke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chadi A Hage
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pablo G Sanchez
- Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annie Im
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rafic Farah
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Lung Transplant Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Sutton RM, Bittar HT, Sullivan DI, Silva AG, Bahudhanapati H, Parikh AH, Zhang Y, Gibson K, McDyer JF, Kass DJ, Alder JK. Rare surfactant-related variants in familial and sporadic pulmonary fibrosis. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:2091-2101. [PMID: 36135709 PMCID: PMC9771972 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of constitutional genetic defects in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasingly appreciated. Monogenic disorders associated with IPF affect two pathways: telomere maintenance, accounting for approximately 10% of all patients with IPF, and surfactant biology, responsible for 1%-3% of cases and often co-occurring with lung cancer. We examined the prevalence of rare variants in five surfactant-related genes, SFTPA1, SFPTA2, SFTPC, ABCA3, and NKX2-1, that were previously linked to lung disease in whole genome sequencing data from 431 patients with IPF. We identified functionally deleterious rare variants in SFTPA2 with a prevalence of 1.3% in individuals with and without a family history of IPF. All individuals had no personal history of lung cancer, but substantial bronchiolar metaplasia was noted on lung explants and biopsies. Five patients had novel missense variants in NKX2-1, but the contribution to disease is unclear. In general, patients were younger and had longer telomeres compared with the majority of patients with IPF suggesting that these features may be useful for identifying this subset of patients in the clinic. These data suggest that SFTPA2 variants may be more common in unselected IPF cohorts and may manifest in the absence of personal/family history of lung cancer or IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Sutton
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Humberto Trejo Bittar
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel I Sullivan
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Agustin Gil Silva
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harinath Bahudhanapati
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anishka H Parikh
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Gibson
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Francoeur C, Landis WP, Winters M, Naim MY, Donoghue A, Dominick CL, Huh JW, MacDonald JM, Lang SS, Yuan I, Berg RA, Nadkarni VM, Kilbaugh TJ, Sutton RM, Kirschen MP, Morgan RW, Topjian AA. Near-infrared spectroscopy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for pediatric cardiac arrest: a prospective, observational study. Resuscitation 2022; 174:35-41. [PMID: 35314211 PMCID: PMC9724995 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) is not routinely measured during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We aimed to determine whether higher intra-arrest rSO2 was associated with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital discharge. METHODS Prospective, single-center observational study of cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during pediatric cardiac arrest from 2016 to 2020. Eligible patients had ≥30 s of rSO2 data recorded during CPR. We compared median rSO2 and percentage of rSO2 measurements above a priori thresholds for the entire event and the final five minutes of the CPR event between patients with and without ROSC and survival to discharge. RESULTS Twenty-one patients with 23 CPR events were analyzed. ROSC was achieved in 17/23 (73.9%) events and five/21 (23.8%) patients survived to discharge. The median rSO2 was higher for events with ROSC vs. no ROSC for the overall event (62% [56%, 70%] vs. 45% [35%, 51%], p = 0.025) and for the final 5 minutes of the event (66% [55%, 72%] vs. 43% [35%, 44%], p = 0.01). Patients with ROSC had a higher percentage of measurements above 50% during the final five minutes of CPR (100% [100%, 100%] vs. 0% [0%, 29%], p = 0.01). There was no association between rSO2 and survival to discharge. CONCLUSIONS Higher cerebral rSO2 during CPR for pediatric cardiac arrest was associated with higher rates of ROSC but not with survival to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Francoeur
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, Canada.
| | - W P Landis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Winters
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Y Naim
- The Cardiac Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Donoghue
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C L Dominick
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J W Huh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J M MacDonald
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - S S Lang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R A Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V M Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T J Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R M Sutton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M P Kirschen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R W Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A A Topjian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Alder JK, Sutton RM, Iasella CJ, Nouraie M, Koshy R, Hannan SJ, Chan EG, Chen X, Zhang Y, Brown M, Popescu I, Veatch M, Saul M, Berndt A, Methé BA, Morris A, Pilewski JM, Sanchez PG, Morrell MR, Shapiro SD, Lindell KO, Gibson KF, Kass DJ, McDyer JF. Lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis enriches for individuals with telomere-mediated disease. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 41:654-663. [PMID: 34933798 PMCID: PMC9038609 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common indication for lung transplantation in North America and variants in telomere-maintenance genes are the most common identifiable cause of IPF. We reasoned that younger IPF patients are more likely to undergo lung transplantation and we hypothesized that lung transplant recipients would be enriched for individuals with telomere-mediated disease due to the earlier onset and more severe disease in these patients. METHODS Individuals with IPF who underwent lung transplantation or were evaluated in an interstitial lung disease specialty clinic who did not undergo lung transplantation were examined. Genetic evaluation was completed via whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 426 individuals and targeted sequencing for 5 individuals. Rare variants in genes previously associated with IPF were classified using the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. Telomere length from WGS data was measured using TelSeq software. Patient characteristics were collected via medical record review. RESULTS Of 431 individuals, 149 underwent lung transplantation for IPF. The median age of diagnosis of transplanted vs non-transplanted individuals was significantly younger (60 years vs 70 years, respectively, p<0.0001). IPF lung transplant recipients (IPF-LTRs) were twice as likely to have telomere-related rare variants compared to non-transplanted individuals (24% vs 12%, respectively, p=0.0013). IPF-LTRs had shorter telomeres than non-transplanted IPF patients (p=0.0028) and >85% had telomeres below the age-adjusted mean. Post-transplant survival and CLAD were similar amongst IPF-LTRs with rare variants in telomere-maintenance genes compared to those without, as well as in those with short telomeres versus longer telomeres. CONCLUSIONS There is an enrichment for telomere-maintenance gene variants and short telomeres among IPF-LTRs. However, transplant outcomes of survival and CLAD do not differ by gene variants or telomere length within IPF-LTRs. Our findings support individual with telomere-mediated disease should not be excluded from lung transplantation and focusing research efforts on therapies directed toward individuals with short-telomere mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Alder
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Rachel M Sutton
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlo J Iasella
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ritchie Koshy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stefanie J Hannan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ernest G Chan
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingze Zhang
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Brown
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Iulia Popescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Melinda Veatch
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa Saul
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Annerose Berndt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara A Methé
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pablo G Sanchez
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew R Morrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven D Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathleen O Lindell
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kevin F Gibson
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Kass
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John F McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Yanes EG, Gratz SR, Sutton RM, Stalcup AM. A comparison of phosphated and sulfated beta-cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2001; 369:412-7. [PMID: 11270220 DOI: 10.1007/s002160000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enantioseparation capabilities of three different functionalized beta-cyclodextrins, two sulfated beta-cyclodextrins with 4 and 15 nominal degrees of substitution and a phosphated beta-cyclodextrin with 8 degrees of substitution, were compared. While anodic detection was used with both sulfated cyclodextrins, the phosphated cyclodextrin required cathodic detection suggesting either lower ionization of the phosphated cyclodextrin or generally lower affinity of the analytes for the phosphated cyclodextrin. The effects of several experimental parameters were evaluated with respect to enantioseparation. The degrees of substitution of the cyclodextrin, pH of the background electrolyte as well as the concentration of the functionalized beta-cyclodextrin, each had a significant influence on the successful enantiomeric separation of the chiral drugs investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Yanes
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, ML 0172, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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7
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Abstract
Covariational and goal-based approaches to social attribution have been treated as competitive or incommensurable. This article integrates key aspects of each approach. Four studies examined preferences for motivating factors (or goals) and enabling factors (or preconditions) as explanations of intentional actions. The studies manipulated (Studies 1-3) and measured (Study 4) the perceived covariation of these goal-based causes with target actions. Causes that covaried with actions were preferred explanations, in contrast with the goal-based view that motivating factors are generally preferred to enabling factors. Combining goal-based beliefs and covariational reasoning resolves problems faced by each individual approach and generates a novel explanatory typology that combines strengths of goal-based and covariational typologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Sutton
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
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8
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Stalcup AM, Sutton RM, Painuly P, Rodrigo JV, Gratz SR, Yanes EG. Continuous free flow electrophoresis for preparative chiral separations of piperoxan using sulfated beta-cyclodextrin. Analyst 2000; 125:1719-24. [PMID: 11070539 DOI: 10.1039/b004347h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Continuous free flow electrophoresis was investigated as a tool for the preparative chiral separation of piperoxan using a sulfated cyclodextrin chiral additive. In the absence of chiral additive, the sample stream was deflected cathodically. However, the presence of sulfated cyclodextrin in the run buffer caused anodic deflection and splitting of the sample stream into two streams, each enriched in one enantiomer. Although the sulfated cyclodextrin used was comprised of a mixture of homologues and isomers, this polydispersity did not seem to significantly impact band dispersion. Sample introduction rates ranged from approximately 0.9-7.2 mg h-1. Maximum resolution was 0.53, using an applied voltage of 220 V, buffer composition of 0.075% sulfated cyclodextrin, 7.6 mM citrate (pH 3), 4.5 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Stalcup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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9
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Sutton KL, Sutton RM, Stalcup AM, Caruso JA. A comparison of vancomycin and sulfated beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors for enantiomeric separations of selenoamino acids using capillary electrophoresis with UV absorbance detection. Analyst 2000; 125:231-4. [PMID: 10820888 DOI: 10.1039/a908558k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric separation of three selenoamino acids, D,L-selenomethionine, D,L-selenoethionine and D,L-selenocystine is described. Both sulfated beta-cyclodextrin and vancomycin have been successfully used to separate all enantiomers of the compounds with UV detection. Reproducible separations, in terms of peak area and migration time were obtained using sulfated beta-cyclodextrin with reversed polarity and UV detection. With vancomycin as a chiral selector, reversed polarity was found to be more reproducible than positive polarity in terms of peak migration times.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Sutton KL, Ponce de Leon CA, Ackley KL, Sutton RM, Stalcup AM, Caruso JA. Development of chiral HPLC for selenoamino acids with ICP-MS detection:application to selenium nutritional supplements. Analyst 2000; 125:281-6. [PMID: 10866603 DOI: 10.1039/a907847i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric separation of three underivatized seleno-amino acids, D,L-selenocystine, and D,L-selenomethionine, and D,L-selenomethionine, with UV and ICP-MS detection is described. An HPLC column with a chiral crown ether stationary phase and a mobile phase of 0.10 M HCIO4 was used. Absolute detection limits obtained with UV detection ranged from 34.5 to 47.1 ng whereas those obtained with the plasma detector were ca. 40-400 times better. The separations with either detector were good, with the little detector effect on the resolution. Ten commercially available dietary selenium supplements were analyzed using the chiral column to identify and quantify the selenium species present with both detection modes. Selenium species were easily identified using ICP-MS detection, whereas UV detection was not viable because of interferences from the sample matrix and inadequate sensitivity. Selenium species that were unretained using the chiral column were identified using anion exchange chromatography. Total amounts in the samples were also measured using a conventional digestion and enzymatic digestion with ICP-MS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Abstract
The inhibition of human chymase by the protease inhibitor alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha2M) was investigated. Titration of chymase hydrolytic activity with purified alpha2M showed that approximately 1 mol of alpha2M tetramer inhibits 1 mol of chymase. Inhibition was associated with cleavage of the alpha2M bait region and formation of a 200-kDa covalent complex. NH(2)-terminal sequencing of chymase-treated alpha2M revealed cleavage at bonds Phe684-Tyr685 and Tyr685-Glu686 of the bait region. alpha2M pretreated with methylamine, an inactivator of alpha2M, did not inhibit chymase. The apparent second-order rate constant for inhibition (k(ass)) was 5 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), making alpha2M the most efficient natural protein protease inhibitor of chymase so far described. The k(ass) value for inhibition was decreased approximately 10-fold by addition of heparin, a glycosaminoglycan produced by mast cells that binds to chymase. Heparin did not change significantly the stoichiometry of inhibition or block covalent complex formation. These results indicate that alpha2M is an important inhibitor to consider in the regulation of human chymase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Walter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to optimize the buffer pH, ionic strength and sulfated cyclodextrin concentrations for enantiomeric separation of piperoxan. These enantioseparation conditions were then applied to a classical gel electrophoresis system. Binding constants of the sulfated beta-cyclodextrin-piperoxan couple were approximated using CE and the effects of organic solvents on the system were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Stalcup AM, Gahm KH, Gratz SR, Sutton RM. Application of classical gel electrophoresis to the chiral separation of milligram quantities of terbutaline. Anal Chem 1998; 70:144-8. [PMID: 9435473 DOI: 10.1021/ac970524q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the last couple of decades has been tremendous progress in the ability to do chiral separations, the ability to do larger scale chiral separations has lagged somewhat behind the current analytical chiral separation state of the art. The potential of classical gel electrophoresis for chiral separation of milligram quantities of chiral material is examined. A protocol for the chiral separation of milligram quantities of terbutaline using sulfated cyclodextrin as a chiral additive is demonstrated. The possible advantages of the approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Stalcup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA
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Abstract
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is now a well established detection technique for liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. A review of the literature with particular regard to ICP-MS as a chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic detector is presented. The various modes of chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are discussed and practical descriptions for hyphenating the techniques with the ICP mass spectrometer are given. Sample introduction systems and data acquisition methods are reviewed along with the numerous applications of ICP-MS as a chromatographic detector. In addition, alternative plasma sources, such as the atmospheric and reduced pressure helium microwave-induced plasmas for chromatographic detection are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Abstract
A number of noncyclic oligo- and polysaccharides have been used as chiral additives in capillary electrophoresis (CE). This review offers a broad survey of the types of oligo- and polysaccharides which have been investigated and also some of the conditions developed for the enantioseparation of a wide range of drugs and other racemic compounds. Details of enantioseparation mechanisms are also discussed, in addition to some of the parameters required for optimization of the enantioresolution of chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Sutton RM. A Brilliant Hyperbolic Dew-Bow. Science 1937; 86:518-9. [PMID: 17818896 DOI: 10.1126/science.86.2240.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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