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Ghoshdastidar K, Patel H, Bhayani H, Patel A, Thakkar K, Patel D, Sharma M, Singh J, Mohapatra J, Chatterjee A, Patel D, Bahekar R, Sharma R, Gupta L, Patel N, Giri P, Srinivas NR, Jain M, Bandyopadhyay D, Patel PR, Desai RC. ZYBT1, a potent, irreversible Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor that inhibits the C481S BTK with profound efficacy against arthritis and cancer. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00565. [PMID: 32790160 PMCID: PMC7424564 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a central and pivotal role in controlling the pathways involved in the pathobiology of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and other autoimmune disorders. ZYBT1 is a potent, irreversible, specific BTK inhibitor that inhibits the ibrutinib-resistant C481S BTK with nanomolar potency. ZYBT1 is found to be a promising molecule to treat both cancer and RA. In the present report we profiled the molecule for in-vitro, in-vivo activity, and pharmacokinetic properties. ZYBT1 inhibits BTK and C481S BTK with an IC50 of 1 nmol/L and 14 nmol/L, respectively, inhibits the growth of various leukemic cell lines with IC50 of 1 nmol/L to 15 μmol/L, blocks the phosphorylation of BTK and PLCγ2, and inhibits secretion of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-6. It has favorable pharmacokinetic properties suitable for using as an oral anti-cancer and anti-arthritic drug. In accordance with the in-vitro properties, it demonstrated robust efficacy in murine models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and streptococcal cell wall (SCW) induced arthritis. In both models, ZYBT1 alone could suppress the progression of the diseases. It also reduced the growth of TMD8 xenograft tumor. The results suggested that ZYBT1 has high potential for treating RA, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoshang Patel
- Department of Cell BiologyZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Hitesh Bhayani
- Department of Cell BiologyZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Ankit Patel
- Department of Cell BiologyZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Kinjal Thakkar
- Department of Cell BiologyZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Dinesh Patel
- Department of PharmacologyZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Manoranjan Sharma
- Department of PharmacologyZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Jaideep Singh
- Department of PharmacologyZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | | | | | - Dipam Patel
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Rajesh Bahekar
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Lakshmikant Gupta
- Department of PharmacokineticsZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Nirmal Patel
- Department of PharmacokineticsZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | - Poonam Giri
- Department of PharmacokineticsZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | | | - Mukul Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | | | | | - Ranjit C. Desai
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryZydus Research CenterAhmedabadGujaratIndia
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2
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Bahekar R, Panchal N, Soman S, Desai J, Patel D, Argade A, Gite A, Gite S, Patel B, Kumar J, S S, Patel H, Sundar R, Chatterjee A, Mahapatra J, Patel H, Ghoshdastidar K, Bandyopadhyay D, Desai RC. Discovery of diaminopyrimidine-carboxamide derivatives as JAK3 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103851. [PMID: 32334196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of janus kinase (JAK) has been identified as an important strategy for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Optimization at the C2 and C4-positions of pyrimidine ring of Cerdulatinib led to the discovery of a potent and orally bioavailable 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-5-carboxamide based JAK3 selective inhibitor (11i). A cellular selectivity study further confirmed that 11i preferentially inhibits JAK3 over JAK1, in JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Compound 11i showed good anti-arthritic activity, which could be correlated with its improved oral bioavailability. In the repeat dose acute toxicity study, 11i showed no adverse changes related to gross pathology and clinical signs, indicating that the new class JAK3 selective inhibitor could be viable therapeutic option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bahekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India.
| | - Nandini Panchal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Shubhangi Soman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Jigar Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Dipam Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Anil Argade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Archana Gite
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sanjay Gite
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Bhaumin Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Jeevan Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sachchidanand S
- Department of Bioinformatics, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Harilal Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Rajesh Sundar
- Department of Pharmacology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Jogeswar Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Hoshang Patel
- Department of Cell Biology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Krishnarup Ghoshdastidar
- Department of Cell Biology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Debdutta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Ranjit C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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Bahekar R, Dave B, Soman S, Patel D, Chopade R, Funde R, Kumar J, Sachchidanand S, Giri P, Chatterjee A, Mahapatra J, Vyas P, Ghoshdastidar K, Bandyopadhyay D, Desai RC. Discovery of 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-ones based novel, potent and PI3Kδ selective inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1313-1319. [PMID: 30975623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PI3Kδ is implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. For the effective treatment of chronic immunological disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, it is essential to develop isoform selective PI3Kδ inhibitors. Structure guided optimization of an imidazo-quinolinones based pan-PI3K/m-TOR inhibitor (Dactolisib) led to the discovery of a potent and orally bioavailable PI3Kδ isoform selective inhibitor (10h), with an improved efficacy in the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bahekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India.
| | - Bhushan Dave
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Shubhangi Soman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Dipam Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Rajendra Chopade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Radhika Funde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Jeevan Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - S Sachchidanand
- Department of Bioinformatics, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Poonam Giri
- Department of Pharmacology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Jogeswar Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Purvi Vyas
- Department of Cell Biology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Krishnarup Ghoshdastidar
- Department of Cell Biology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Debdutta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Ranjit C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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Giri P, Gupta L, Singh S, Patel N, Srinivas NR, Srivastva BK, Desai RC, Patel PR. Assessment of the in vitro cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition potential of ZYTP1, a novel poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:1164-1172. [PMID: 30488748 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1546916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ZYTP1 is a novel Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein inhibitor being developed for cancer indications. The focus of the work was to determine if ZYTP1 had a perpetrator role in the in vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to aid dosing decisions during the clinical development of ZYTP1. ZYTP1 IC50 for CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4/5 was determined using human liver microsomes and LC-MS/MS detection. CYP3A4/5 IC50 of depropylated metabolite of ZYTP1 was also determined. Time dependent inhibition of CYP3A4/5 by ZYTP1 was also assessed using substrates, testosterone and midazolam. The mean IC50 values of ZYTP1 were >100 µM for CYP1A2, 2B6 and 2D6, while 56.1, 24.5, 39.5 and 23.3-58.7 µM for CYP2C8, 2C9, 2C19 and 3A4/5, respectively. The CYP3A4/5 IC50 of depropylated metabolite was 11.95-24.51 µM. Time dependent CYP3A4/5 inhibition was noted for testosterone and midazolam with IC50 shift of 10.9- and 39.9-fold, respectively. With midazolam, the kinact and KI values of ZYTP1 were 0.075 min-1 and 4.47 µM for the CYP3A4/5 time dependent inhibition, respectively. Because of potent inhibition of CYP3A4/5, drugs that undergo metabolism via CYP3A4/5 pathway should be avoided during ZYTP1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Giri
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Lakshmikant Gupta
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Nirmal Patel
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Nuggehally R Srinivas
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | | | - Ranjit C Desai
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Pankaj R Patel
- c Zydus Research Centre , Cadila Healthcare Ltd , Ahmadabad , India
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5
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Pandya VB, Kumar S, Sachchidanand, Sharma R, Desai RC. Combating Autoimmune Diseases With Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-γ (RORγ or RORc) Inhibitors: Hits and Misses. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10976-10995. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vrajesh B. Pandya
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sachchidanand
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Ranjit C. Desai
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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Joharapurkar AA, Pandya VB, Patel VJ, Desai RC, Jain MR. Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors: A Breakthrough in the Therapy of Anemia Associated with Chronic Diseases. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6964-6982. [PMID: 29712435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease, cancer, chronic inflammatory disorders, nutritional, and genetic deficiency can cause anemia. Hypoxia causes induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which stimulates erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis. Prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzyme inhibition can stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF stabilization also decreases hepcidin, a hormone of hepatic origin, which regulates iron homeostasis. PHD inhibitors represent a novel pharmacological treatment of anemia associated with chronic diseases. Many orally active PHD inhibitors like roxadustat, molidustat, vadadustat, and desidustat are in late phase clinical trials. This review discusses the role of PHD inhibitors in the treatment of anemia associated with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit A Joharapurkar
- Zydus Research Centre , Cadila Healthcare Limited , Sarkhej Bavla NH8A , Moraiya , Ahmedabad 382210 , India
| | - Vrajesh B Pandya
- Zydus Research Centre , Cadila Healthcare Limited , Sarkhej Bavla NH8A , Moraiya , Ahmedabad 382210 , India
| | - Vishal J Patel
- Zydus Research Centre , Cadila Healthcare Limited , Sarkhej Bavla NH8A , Moraiya , Ahmedabad 382210 , India
| | - Ranjit C Desai
- Zydus Research Centre , Cadila Healthcare Limited , Sarkhej Bavla NH8A , Moraiya , Ahmedabad 382210 , India
| | - Mukul R Jain
- Zydus Research Centre , Cadila Healthcare Limited , Sarkhej Bavla NH8A , Moraiya , Ahmedabad 382210 , India
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7
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Jain MR, Joharapurkar AA, Kshirsagar SG, Patel VJ, Bahekar RH, Patel HV, Jadav PA, Patel PR, Desai RC. ZY15557, a novel, long acting inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2346-2357. [PMID: 28452143 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors increase levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and provide clinical benefit in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. As longer acting inhibitors have therapeutic advantages, we developed a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, ZY15557, that has a sustained action and long half-life. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied the potency, selectivity, efficacy and duration of action of ZY15557, in vitro, with assays of DPP-4 activity. In vivo, the pharmacodymamics and pharmacokinetics of ZY15557 were studied, using db/db mice and Zucker fatty rats, along with normal mice, rats, dogs and non-human primates. KEY RESULTS ZY15557 is a potent, competitive and long acting inhibitor of DPP-4 (Ki 5.53 nM; Koff 3.2 × 10-4 ·s-1 , half-life 35.8 min). ZY15557 treatment inhibited DPP-4 activity, and enhanced active GLP-1 and insulin in mice and rats, providing dose-dependent anti-hyperglycaemic effects. Anti-hyperglycaemic effects were also observed in db/db mice and Zucker fatty rats. Following oral dosing, ZY15557 significantly inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity, determined ex vivo, in mice and rats for more than 48 h, and for up to 168 h in dogs and non-human primates. Allometric scaling predicts a half-life for ZY15557 in humans of up to 60 h. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ZY15557 is a potent, competitive and long acting DPP-4 inhibitor. ZY15557 showed similar DPP-4 inhibition across different species. ZY15557 showed excellent oral bioavailability in preclinical species. It showed a low plasma clearance (CL) and large volume of distribution (Vss ) across species, resulting in an extended half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul R Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | - Vishal J Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajesh H Bahekar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Harilal V Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pradip A Jadav
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pankaj R Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ranjit C Desai
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
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Patel H, Joharapurkar AA, Bahekar R, Patel P, Kshirsagar SG, Modi N, Ghoghari A, Patel VJ, Jain MR, Srinivas NR, Patel PR, Desai RC. Is the Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DDP-4) Enzyme Route Dependent and/or Driven by High Peak Concentration?- Seeking Answers with ZYDPLA1, a Novel Long Acting DPP-4 Inhibitor, in a Rodent Model. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2017; 67:223-227. [PMID: 28158894 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-122776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ZYDPLA1 is a long acting enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. The comparative effect of DPP-4 inhibition after intravenous (IV) and oral administration of ZYDPLA1 in a rat model was evaluated to answer the question of route dependency and/or the need of high plasma levels of ZYDPLA1. The study was conducted using parallel design in male Wistar rats for IV/oral route (n=9 and 6, for IV and oral respectively). A single 30 mg/kg dose of ZYDPLA1 was administered. Plasma samples were analysed for ZYDPLA1 concentration and DPP-4 inhibition. Pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out to assess peak concentration, area under the concentration-time curve, total body clearance, elimination half-life, and mean residence time. The PK/PD correlation was performed using standard sigmoidal Emax modelling to derive; maximum effect (Emax) and concentration to exert 50% Emax effect (EC50). ZYDPLA1 showed rapid absorption, high volume of distribution, low clearance, and complete oral bioavailability. The Emax derived after both routes and corresponding PK/PD profile showed comparable DDP-4 inhibition. The EC50 for IV (0.021 µg/mL) was comparable to the oral route (0.019 µg/mL). ZYDPLA1 showed full DPP-4 inhibition without regard to the route of administration. Higher systemic peak levels showed no bearing on the DDP-4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harilal Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amit A Joharapurkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajesh Bahekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Prakash Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Samadhan G Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nirav Modi
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashok Ghoghari
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vishal J Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mukul R Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nuggehally R Srinivas
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pankaj R Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ranjit C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
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Bahekar RH, Jadav PA, Goswami AD, Shah HA, Dave BN, Joshi DA, Pethani JP, Patel D, Agarwal S, Desai RC. An Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of tert-Butyl (3aR,6aS)-5-Oxohexahydrocyclo penta[c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate: A Pharmacologically Important Intermediate. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh H. Bahekar
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Pradip A. Jadav
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Amitgiri D. Goswami
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Hardik A. Shah
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Bhushan N. Dave
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Darshan A. Joshi
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Jignesh P. Pethani
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Dipam Patel
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Sameer Agarwal
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Ranjit C. Desai
- Zydus Research Center, Cadila Healthcare
Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavala N.H.
8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
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10
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Patel H, Joharapurkar AA, Pandya VB, Patel VJ, Kshirsagar SG, Patel P, Gevriya B, Jain MR, Srinivas NR, Patel PR, Desai RC. Influence of acute and chronic kidney failure in rats on the disposition and pharmacokinetics of ZYAN1, a novel prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, for the treatment of chronic kidney disease-induced anemia. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:37-44. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1278287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pankaj Ramanbhai Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics,
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and
- Department of Medicinal chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ranjit C. Desai
- Department of Medicinal chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
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11
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Agarwal S, Sasane S, Deshmukh P, Rami B, Bandyopadhyay D, Giri P, Giri S, Jain M, Desai RC. Identification of an Orally Efficacious GPR40/FFAR1 Receptor Agonist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1134-1138. [PMID: 27994752 PMCID: PMC5150676 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40/FFAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor predominantly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and activated by long-chain free fatty acids, mediating enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. A novel series of substituted 3-(4-aryloxyaryl)propanoic acid derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their activities as GPR40 agonists, leading to the identification of compound 5, which is highly potent in in vitro assays and exhibits robust glucose lowering effects during an oral glucose tolerance test in nSTZ Wistar rat model of diabetes (ED50 = 0.8 mg/kg; ED90 = 3.1 mg/kg) with excellent pharmacokinetic profile, and devoid of cytochromes P450 isoform inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Agarwal
- Zydus Research
Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
| | - Santosh Sasane
- Zydus Research
Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Zydus Research
Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
| | - Bhadresh Rami
- Zydus Research
Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
| | - Debdutta Bandyopadhyay
- Zydus Research
Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
| | - Poonam Giri
- Zydus Research
Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
| | - Suresh Giri
- Zydus Research
Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research
Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
| | - Ranjit C. Desai
- Zydus Research
Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
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12
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Agarwal S, Patil A, Aware U, Deshmukh P, Darji B, Sasane S, Sairam KVV, Priyadarsiny P, Giri P, Patel H, Giri S, Jain M, Desai RC. Discovery of a Potent and Orally Efficacious TGR5 Receptor Agonist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:51-5. [PMID: 26819665 PMCID: PMC4716599 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TGR5 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), activation of which promotes secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and modulates insulin secretion. The 2-thio-imidazole derivative 6g was identified as a novel, potent, and selective TGR5 agonist (hTGR5 EC50 = 57 pM, mTGR5 = 62 pM) with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The compound 6g was found to have potent glucose lowering effects in vivo during an oral glucose tolerance test in DIO C57 mice with ED50 of 7.9 mg/kg and ED90 of 29.2 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Agarwal
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Amit Patil
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Umesh Aware
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Brijesh Darji
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Santosh Sasane
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Kalapatapu V. V.
M. Sairam
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Priyanka Priyadarsiny
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Poonam Giri
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Harilal Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Suresh Giri
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Ranjit C. Desai
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila
Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla
N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
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Jain MR, Joharapurkar AA, Pandya V, Patel V, Joshi J, Kshirsagar S, Patel K, Patel PR, Desai RC. Pharmacological Characterization of ZYAN1, a Novel Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Anemia. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2015; 66:107-12. [PMID: 26367279 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors stabilize hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), and exert antianemic effect by potentiating erythropoietin (EPO) expression and down-regulation of hepcidin. ZYAN1 is a novel PHD inhibitor under clinical development for the treatment of anemia. The pharmacodynamic effects of acute and chronic dosing of ZYAN1 were assessed in normal and 5/6 nephrectomized Wistar rats. The effect of ZYAN1 was also investigated in cisplatin-induced anemia using C57 mice. Acute treatment with ZYAN1 increased circulating EPO levels (10.3 ± 3.7 and 40.0 ± 8.5 fold rise at 15 and 30 mg/kg, respectively), reticulocyte count (4.2 ± 0.5 and 6.0 ± 0.2 fold rise at 15 and 30 mg/kg, respectively) and stabilized HIF (28% increase at 45 mg/kg) in normal rats. Nephrectomized rats showed similar dose-related pharmacodynamic effects. In a 28-day study in nephrectomized rats, ZYAN1 administered every alternate day, caused increase in hemoglobin (1.9 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.4 g/dL) and RBC count (10.7 ± 4.0 and 14.0 ± 4.1%) at 15 and 30 mg/kg respectively. In cisplatin-treated mice also an increase in hemoglobin (3.4 ± 0.2 and 5.9 ± 0.2 g/dL) and RBC count (22.5 ± 2.2 and 37.3 ± 1.7%) at 15 and 30 mg/kg respectively was observed. ZYAN1's effects on hemoglobin and RBC count were distinct from darbepoietin. ZYAN1 demonstrated hematinic potential by combined effects on EPO release and efficient iron utilization. The efficacy of ZYAN1 in disease models of different etiologies suggests that it will be useful in treating wide spectrum of anemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Jain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - A A Joharapurkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - V Pandya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - V Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - J Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - S Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - K Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - P R Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - R C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
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14
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Jain MR, Joharapurkar AA, Bahekar RH, Patel H, Jadav P, Kshirsagar SG, Patel VJ, Patel KN, Ramanathan VK, Patel PR, Desai RC. Pharmacological characterization of ZYDPLA1, a novel long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. J Diabetes 2015; 7:708-17. [PMID: 25327540 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is responsible for degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), the endogenous incretins that stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion. The objective was to evaluate preclinical profile of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor ZYDPLA1. METHODS In vitro inhibition potency and selectivity were assessed using recombinant enzymes and/or plasma. In vivo efficacy was determined in oral glucose tolerance test or mixed meal tolerance test in C57BL/6J mice, db/db mice and Zucker fatty rats. Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics was studied in mice, rats, dogs, and non-human primates. RESULTS ZYDPLA1 is a potent, competitive and long acting inhibitor of DPP-4 (Ki 0.0027 μM; Koff 2.3 × 10(-4 ) s(-1) ). ZYDPLA1 was more than 7000-fold selective for recombinant DPP-4 relative to DPP-8 and DPP-9, and more than 60 000-fold selective relative to fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in vitro. DPP-4 inhibition was comparable across species. In vivo, oral ZYDPLA1 elevated circulating GLP-1 and insulin levels in mice and rats and showed dose-dependent anti-hyperglycemic effect. Anti-hyperglycemic effect was also observed in db/db mice and Zucker fatty rats. ZYDPLA1 showed low clearance, large volume of distribution, and a long half-life with excellent oral bioavailability in all species. It significantly inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity in mice and rats for more than 48 h, and for up to 168 h in dogs and non-human primates. Allometric scaling predicted a half-life in humans of 53 to 166 h. CONCLUSION ZYDPLA1 is a potent, selective, long-acting oral DPP-4 inhibitor with potential to become once-a-week therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul R Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amit A Joharapurkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajesh H Bahekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Harilal Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pradip Jadav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Vishal J Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kartikkumar N Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vikram K Ramanathan
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pankaj R Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ranjit C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
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16
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Desai RC, Metzger E, Santini C, Meinke PT, Heck JV, Berger JP, MacNaul KL, Cai TQ, Wright SD, Agrawal A, Moller DE, Sahoo SP. Design and synthesis of potent and subtype-selective PPARalpha agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:1673-8. [PMID: 16384704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with a moderately potent PPARgamma agonist 9, a series of potent and highly subtype-selective PPARalpha agonists was identified through a systematic SAR study. Based on the results of the efficacy studies in the hamster and dog models of dyslipidemia and the desired pharmacokinetic data, the optimized compound 39 was selected for further profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Agrawal AK, Hop CECA, Pang J, Silva Elipe MV, Desai RC, Leung KH, Franklin RB. In vitro metabolism of a new oxazolidinedione hypoglycemic agent utilizing liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:351-8. [PMID: 15708677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Revised: 10/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The compound, 5-{4-[3-(4-cyclohexyl-2-propylphenoxy)propoxy]phenyl}-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione (compound A) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist. PPARgamma agonists have proven useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and/or abnormal insulin secretion. The metabolism of this oxazolidinedione (OZD) was investigated in male rat, dog, monkey and human liver microsomes, and recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4) in the presence of NADPH. Routes of metabolism included monohydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring at multiple positions, monohydroxylation of the n-propyl side chain or the tether linkage, and OZD ring opening, giving rise to the keto amide and alcohol amide entities. Liver microsomes showed subtle qualitative and quantitative metabolic differences among rat, dog, monkey and human preparations. Further, CYP2C8 and CYP2C19 did not display different regioselectivity for hydroxylation on the cyclohexane ring with both of them giving rise to C-3 and C-4 hydroxy metabolites, but they did display different stereoselectivity with CYP2C8 preferring cyclohexane hydroxylation in equatorial positions and CYP2C19 in axial positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Agrawal
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, USA.
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18
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Koyama H, Miller DJ, Boueres JK, Desai RC, Jones AB, Berger JP, MacNaul KL, Kelly LJ, Doebber TW, Wu MS, Zhou G, Wang PR, Ippolito MC, Chao YS, Agrawal AK, Franklin R, Heck JV, Wright SD, Moller DE, Sahoo SP. (2R)-2-ethylchromane-2-carboxylic acids: discovery of novel PPARalpha/gamma dual agonists as antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic agents. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3255-63. [PMID: 15163205 DOI: 10.1021/jm030621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of chromane-2-carboxylic acid derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for PPAR agonist activities. A structure-activity relationship was developed toward PPARalpha/gamma dual agonism. As a result, (2R)-7-(3-[2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]propoxy)-2-ethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (48) was identified as a potent, structurally novel, selective PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist. Compound 48 exhibited substantial antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities when orally administered in three different animal models: the db/db mouse type 2 diabetes model, a Syrian hamster lipid model, and a dog lipid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Koyama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065-0900, USA.
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19
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Desai RC, Gratale DF, Han W, Koyama H, Metzger E, Lombardo VK, MacNaul KL, Doebber TW, Berger JP, Leung K, Franklin R, Moller DE, Heck JV, Sahoo SP. Erratum to “Aryloxazolidinediones: Identification of Potent Orally Active PPAR Dual α/γ Agonists”. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Desai RC, Gratale DF, Han W, Koyama H, Metzger E, Lombardo VK, MacNaul KL, Doebber TW, Berger JP, Leung K, Franklin R, Moller DE, Heck JV, Sahoo SP. Aryloxazolidinediones: identification of potent orally active PPAR dual α/γ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3541-4. [PMID: 14505666 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel aryloxazolidine-2,4-diones was synthesized. A structure-activity relationship study of these compounds led to the identification of potent, orally active PPAR dual alpha/gamma agonists. Based on the results of efficacy studies in the db/db mice model of type 2 diabetes and the desired pharmacokinetic parameters, compound 12 was selected for further profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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21
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Desai RC, Han W, Metzger EJ, Bergman JP, Gratale DF, MacNaul KL, Berger JP, Doebber TW, Leung K, Moller DE, Heck JV, Sahoo SP. 5-aryl thiazolidine-2,4-diones: discovery of PPAR dual alpha/gamma agonists as antidiabetic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2795-8. [PMID: 12873517 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 5-aryl thiazolidine-2,4-diones based dual PPARalpha/gamma agonists was identified. A number of highly potent and orally bioavailable analogues were synthesized. Efficacy study results of some of these analogues in the db/db mice model of type 2 diabetes showed them superior to rosiglitazone in correcting hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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Desai RC, Hlasta DJ, Monsour G, Saindane MT. An Efficient Large Scale Synthesis of 4-Isopropyl- and 4-Isopropyl-6-methoxybenzisothiazolones. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00102a054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pelletier SW, Finer-Moore J, Desai RC, Mody NV, Desai HK. The pyrodelphonine chromophore. Crystal structures of pyrodelphinine and delphinine. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00148a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Simeone JP, Bugianesi RL, Ponpipom MM, Goulet MT, Levorse MS, Desai RC. Synthesis of chiral β-methyl tryptamine-derived GnRH antagonists. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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31
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32
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33
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34
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Chapman ER, Desai RC, Davis AF, Tornehl CK. Delineation of the oligomerization, AP-2 binding, and synprint binding region of the C2B domain of synaptotagmin. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:32966-72. [PMID: 9830048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.49.32966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and genetic studies indicate that synaptotagmin I functions as a Ca2+ sensor during synaptic vesicle exocytosis and as a membrane receptor for the clathrin adaptor complex, AP-2, during endocytosis. These functions involve the interaction of two conserved domains, C2A and C2B, with effector proteins. The C2B domain mediates Ca2+-triggered synaptotagmin oligomerization, binds AP-2 and is important for the interaction of synaptotagmin with Ca2+ channels. Here, we report that these are conserved biochemical properties: Ca2+ promoted the hetero-oligomerization of synaptotagmin I with synaptotagmins III and IV, and all three synaptotagmin isoforms bound the synprint region of the alpha1B subunit of N-type Ca2+ channels. Using chimeric and truncated C2 domains, we defined a common region of C2B that mediates oligomerization and AP-2 binding. Within this region, two adjacent lysine residues were identified that were critical for synaptotagmin oligomerization, AP-2, and synprint binding. Competition experiments demonstrated that the synprint fragment was an effective inhibitor of synaptotagmin oligomerization and also blocked binding of synaptotagmin to AP-2. In a model for the structure of C2B, the common effector binding site localized to a putative Ca2+-binding loop and a concave region formed by two beta-strands. These studies provide the first structural information regarding C2B target protein recognition and provide the means to selectively disrupt synaptotagmin-effector interactions for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Chapman
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Hlasta DJ, Bode DC, Court JJ, Desai RC, Pagani ED, Silver PJ. Imidazotriazinone inhibitors of the Ca2+-calmodulin sensitive phosphodiesterase (PDE I). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(96)00578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yeung C, Rao M, Desai RC. Bounds on the decay of the autocorrelation in phase ordering dynamics. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 53:3073-3077. [PMID: 9964613 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Sagui C, Desai RC. Effects of long-range repulsive interactions on Ostwald ripening. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1995; 52:2822-2840. [PMID: 9963729 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Sagui C, Desai RC. Late-stage kinetics of systems with competing interactions quenched into the hexagonal phase. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1995; 52:2807-2821. [PMID: 9963728 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Desai RC, Farrell RP, Court JJ, Weaver JD. A Convenient Synthesis of Phenoxy Carboxamides from Phenols Using the Mitsunobu Reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919508015891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Desai RC, Hlasta DJ, Monsour G, Saindane MT. An Efficient Large Scale Synthesis of 4-Isopropyl- and 4-Isopropyl-6-methoxybenzisothiazolones. [Erratum to document cited in CA122:160528]. J Org Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00118a063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Desai RC, Court JC, Ferguson E, Gordon RJ, Hlasta DJ, Dunlap RP, Franke CA. Phosphonates and phosphinates: novel leaving groups for benzisothiazolone inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. J Med Chem 1995; 38:1571-4. [PMID: 7739015 DOI: 10.1021/jm00009a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of alkyl and aryl phosphonate and phosphinate acid-based leaving groups has been developed for utilization in the synthesis of benzoisothiazolone (BIT) inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). A number of BITs were synthesized with phosphonate and phosphinate acid-based leaving groups and were found to be potent inhibitors of HLE. Compound 3c with a diethyl phosphonate leaving group is the most potent inhibitor synthesized in this series with Ki* = 0.035 nM and ED50 = 2.0 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Sterling Winthrop Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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Hlasta DJ, Subramanyam C, Bell MR, Carabateas PM, Court JJ, Desai RC, Drozd ML, Eickhoff WM, Ferguson EW, Gordon RJ. Orally bioavailable benzisothiazolone inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. J Med Chem 1995; 38:739-44. [PMID: 7877139 DOI: 10.1021/jm00005a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte elastase (HLE) has been proposed as a primary mediator of pulmonary emphysema and other inflammatory airway diseases. HLE is capable of cleaving many proteins, including elastin, other components of connective tissue, certain complement proteins, and receptors. Under normal conditions an appropriate balance exists in the lung between HLE and endogenous inhibitors, which scavenge the released enzyme before it exerts deleterious effects in the lung. Emphysema is thought to result from an imbalance in the lung between HLE and endogenous inhibitor (elevated elastase or insufficient inhibitor) that leads to the destruction of alveoli. We have identified WIN 64733 (2) and WIN 63759 (3) as potent (Ki* = 14 and 13 pM, respectively), selective, mechanism-based inhibitors of HLE which are orally bioavailable in the dog (absolute bioavailability 46% and 21%, respectively). In this series the in vitro stabilities of the inhibitors in blood, jejunal homogenates, and liver S9 homogenates are useful predictors of oral bioavailability. After being administered orally (30 mg/kg) to dogs, compounds 2 and 3 are found in the lung, being detected in the epithelial lining fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (Cmax of 2.5 and 0.47 microgram/mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hlasta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sterling Winthrop Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
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Silver PJ, Gordan RJ, Pagani ED, Johnson JA, Maycock AL, Dunlap RP, Ferguson EW, Franke CA, Drozd ML, Robinson DT, Mark Eickhoff W, Baizman ER, Subramanyam C, Desai RC, Hlasta DJ, Newton JF. Biological activity of WIN 63759, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase. Drug Dev Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.430340308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hlasta DJ, Bell MR, Court JJ, Cundy KC, Desai RC, Ferguson EW, Gordon RJ, Kumar V, Maycock AL, Subramanyam C, Dunlap RP, Eiff SL, Franke CA, Mura AJ, Rowlands AG. The design of potent and stable benzisothiazolone inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Desai RC, Dunlap RP, Farrell RP, Ferguson E, Franke CA, Gordon R, Hlasta DJ, Talomie TG. Alkoxy substituted benzisothiazolone (BIT) derivatives: potent inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(94)00466-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sagui C, Somoza AM, Desai RC. Spinodal decomposition in an order-disorder phase transition with elastic fields. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 50:4865-4879. [PMID: 9962568 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hlasta DJ, Bell MR, Boaz NW, Court JJ, Desai RC, Franke CA, Mura AJ, Subramanyam C, Dunlap RP. A benzisothiazolone class of potent, selective mechanism-based inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schönborn O, Puri S, Desai RC. Singular perturbation analysis for unstable systems with convective nonlinearity. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 49:3480-3483. [PMID: 9961617 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.49.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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