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Brandão MA, Paranhos T, Hummel T, de Oliveira-Souza R. Bilateral hypogeusia and food aversion due to lacunar infarct in the right dorsomedial pontine tegmentum. Neurocase 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38762763 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2024.2353391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
A 70-year-old right-handed housewife suffered an acute loss of taste, an unpleasant change in the taste of foods and liquids, and a strong aversion to all kinds of food due to a small lacune in the right dorsomedial pontine tegmentum. Eating became so unpleasant that she lost 7 kg in three weeks. Olfaction and the sensibility of the tongue were spared. The right medial longitudinal fascicle, the central tegmental tract, or both, were injured by the tegmental lesion. A discrete right-sided lesion in the upper pontine tegmentum may cause a reversible syndrome consisting of bilateral hypogeusia which is more severe ipsilaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Brandão
- Service of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Instituto do Cérebro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Specialized Medicine, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Paranhos
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, The D'Or Institute for Research & Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Department of Specialized Medicine, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, The D'Or Institute for Research & Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bortolini T, Laport MC, Latgé-Tovar S, Fischer R, Zahn R, de Oliveira-Souza R, Moll J. The extended neural architecture of human attachment: An fMRI coordinate-based meta-analysis of affiliative studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105584. [PMID: 38367888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Functional imaging studies and clinical evidence indicate that cortical areas relevant to social cognition are closely integrated with evolutionarily conserved basal forebrain structures and neighboring regions, enabling human attachment and affiliative emotions. The neural circuitry of human affiliation is continually being unraveled as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) becomes increasingly prevalent, with studies examining human brain responses to various attachment figures. However, previous fMRI meta-analyses on affiliative stimuli have encountered challenges, such as low statistical power and the absence of robustness measures. To address these issues, we conducted an exhaustive coordinate-based meta-analysis of 79 fMRI studies, focusing on personalized affiliative stimuli, including one's infants, family, romantic partners, and friends. We employed complementary coordinate-based analyses (Activation Likelihood Estimation and Signed Differential Mapping) and conducted a robustness analysis of the results. Findings revealed cluster convergence in cortical and subcortical structures related to reward and motivation, salience detection, social bonding, and cognition. Our study thoroughly explores the neural correlates underpinning affiliative responses, effectively overcoming the limitations noted in previous meta-analyses. It provides an extensive view of the neural substrates associated with affiliative stimuli, illuminating the intricate interaction between cortical and subcortical regions. Our findings significantly contribute to understanding the neurobiology of human affiliation, expanding the known human attachment circuitry beyond the traditional basal forebrain regions observed in other mammals to include uniquely human isocortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bortolini
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, The D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; IDOR - Pioneer Science Initiative, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Clara Laport
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, The D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sofia Latgé-Tovar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronald Fischer
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, The D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; IDOR - Pioneer Science Initiative, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Roland Zahn
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, The D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, The D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; IDOR - Pioneer Science Initiative, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira AC, Benchimol M, Benchimol I, Chimelli L, de Oliveira-Souza R. Delayed recovery from ataxic dementia following liposuction. Neurocase 2023; 29:174-179. [PMID: 38704615 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2024.2346982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
A 19-year-old student developed hypoventilation and cyanosis at the end of a cosmetic liposuction procedure. She was awake, but severely abulic, disoriented, and unable to stand and walk due to severe locomotor ataxia. Neuropsychological evaluation showed psychomotor slowness, and deficits in memory encoding and retrieval, and on executive, and visuospatial and visuoperceptual tests; oral comprehension and constructional praxis were spared. ¹H-MRS showed a reduction of NAA. A year later, her cognitive and neurological exam, and NAA returned to normal, and she resumed her normal life. The severity of the acute manifestations of hypoxic encephalopathy not always entail a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara de Oliveira
- Graduation in Internal Medicine, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Benchimol
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilana Benchimol
- Graduation in Internal Medicine, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Department of Neuropathology, State Institute of the Brain, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Department of Neuropathology, The D'Or Institute for Research & Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Oliveira-Souza R. Kraepelin's schizophasia: Chaotic speech with preservation of comprehension and activities of daily living. Cortex 2023; 165:160-171. [PMID: 37290345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In his classic account of dementia praecox Kraepelin reserved a few pages for a small number of psychotic patients with disorganized speech but who retained the ability to cope with their daily lives. CASE REPORT A 49-year-old homemaker has been suffering from a continuous hallucinatory-delusional state since she was 24 years old. Her verbal and written language was chaotic and full of neologisms, but fluent and grammatically correct. Speech disorganization was roughly proportional to the need to express ideas and thoughts through creative speech. She followed verbal, written, and visuo-gestural commands and flawlessly repeated words and sentences of variable length. She read aloud and discussed the news properly. She ran the house, cooked for her relatives, and went to the supermarket and the bank alone. She knew the prices of common goods and handled money with ease. The unique coexistence of (i) chaotic speech, (ii) preservation of aural, written, and gestural comprehension, and (iii) organized non-verbal behavior, in patients (iv) in a chronic delusional-hallucinatory state is the hallmark of the syndrome of "schizophasia" originally described by Kraepelin. The main features of Kraepelin's schizophasia are vividly illustrated by videos and photos of the patient during her daily life. DISCUSSION The differential diagnosis of schizophasia is reviewed, especially with the sensory aphasias (Wernicke's and transcortical), from which the confusional speech of our patient was differentiated by her preserved ability to repeat and understand spoken and written language. Because her primary language abilities were spared, the cardinal deficit seems to lie at the interface where thoughts and ideas are encoded into expressive language. CONCLUSION The expression "Kraepelin's schizophasia" should be restricted to the speech-behavioral dissociation first observed by Kraepelin in chronic psychotic patients. The term "schizophasia", in turn, should be kept as a generic designation for any language alteration in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- The D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Barbosa DAN, Kuijper FM, Duda J, Wang AR, Cartmell SCD, Saluja S, Cunningham T, Shivacharan RS, Bhati MT, Safer DL, Lock JD, Malenka RC, de Oliveira-Souza R, Williams NR, Grossman M, Gee JC, McNab JA, Bohon C, Halpern CH. Aberrant impulse control circuitry in obesity. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3374-3384. [PMID: 35697760 PMCID: PMC9192250 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) circuit has been implicated in impulsive reward-seeking. This disinhibition has been implicated in obesity and often manifests as binge eating, which is associated with worse treatment outcomes and comorbidities. It remains unclear whether the vmPFC-NAc circuit is perturbed in impulsive eaters with obesity. Initially, we analyzed publicly available, high-resolution, normative imaging data to localize where vmPFC structural connections converged within the NAc. These structural connections were found to converge ventromedially in the presumed NAc shell subregion. We then analyzed multimodal clinical and imaging data to test the a priori hypothesis that the vmPFC-NAc shell circuit is linked to obesity in a sample of female participants that regularly engaged in impulsive eating (i.e., binge eating). Functionally, vmPFC-NAc shell resting-state connectivity was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and decreased in the obese state. Structurally, vmPFC-NAc shell structural connectivity and vmPFC thickness were inversely correlated with BMI; obese binge-prone participants exhibited decreased vmPFC-NAc structural connectivity and vmPFC thickness. Finally, to examine a causal link to binge eating, we directly probed this circuit in one binge-prone obese female using NAc deep brain stimulation in a first-in-human trial. Direct stimulation of the NAc shell subregion guided by local behaviorally relevant electrophysiology was associated with a decrease in number of weekly episodes of uncontrolled eating and decreased BMI. This study unraveled vmPFC-NAc shell circuit aberrations in obesity that can be modulated to restore control over eating behavior in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A N Barbosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fiene Marie Kuijper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Duda
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allan R Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel C D Cartmell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sabir Saluja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tricia Cunningham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajat S Shivacharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahendra T Bhati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Debra L Safer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James D Lock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nolan R Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Gee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer A McNab
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cara Bohon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Casey H Halpern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, PA, Philadelphia, USA.
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De Salles A, Lucena L, Paranhos T, Ferragut MA, de Oliveira-Souza R, Gorgulho A. Modern neurosurgical techniques for psychiatric disorders. Prog Brain Res 2022; 270:33-59. [PMID: 35396030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychosurgery refers to an ensemble of more or less invasive techniques designed to reduce the burden caused by psychiatric diseases in patients who have failed to respond to conventional therapy. While most surgeries are designed to correct apparent anatomical abnormalities, no discrete cerebral anatomical lesion is evident in most psychiatric diseases amenable to invasive interventions. Finding the optimal surgical targets in mental illness is troublesome. In general, contemporary psychosurgical procedures can be classified into one of two primary modalities: lesioning and stimulation procedures. The first group is divided into (a) thermocoagulation and (b) stereotactic radiosurgery or recently introduced transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound, whereas stimulation techniques mainly include deep brain stimulation (DBS), cortical stimulation, and the vagus nerve stimulation. The most studied psychiatric diseases amenable to psychosurgical interventions are severe treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder. Furthermore, modern neuroimaging techniques spurred the interest of clinicians to identify cerebral regions amenable to be manipulated to control psychiatric symptoms. On this way, the concept of a multi-nodal network need to be embraced, enticing the collaboration of psychiatrists, psychologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons participating in multidisciplinary groups, conducting well-designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Salles
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States; NeuroSapiens®, Brazil; Hospital Rede D'Or, São Luiz, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luan Lucena
- NeuroSapiens®, Brazil; Hospital Rede D'Or, São Luiz, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Paranhos
- Hospital Rede D'Or, São Luiz, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Rio De Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Federal University of the State of Rio De Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Paranhos T, Lucas T, de Salles A, Moll J, de Oliveira-Souza R. A presumptive association between obsessive compulsions and asymmetric temporal lobe atrophy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:21. [PMID: 35045865 PMCID: PMC8772087 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relatively isolated atrophy of the temporal lobes leads to a clinical radiological pattern, referred to as the temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia. While semantic dementia and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia are classically related to this syndrome, the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia has been less commonly reported. This case report aims to give a pictorial description of a case in which a patient with asymmetric temporal lobe atrophy presented with the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia and complex rituals of cleanliness. Case presentation We report on the case of a 68-year-old, right-handed White woman with complex rituals and progressive speech impairment. The obsessive–compulsive rituals represented an exacerbation of lifelong preoccupations with cleanliness and orderliness that were praised by her relatives. Neuropsychological assessment revealed a striking impairment of language and memory, with relative sparing of tool-use praxis and visuospatial skills. Magnetic resonance imaging and 18fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scans showed bilateral asymmetrical temporal lobe atrophy and hypometabolism. A year later, she was still able to entertain conversation for a short while, but her vocabulary and fluency had further declined. Praxis and visuospatial skills remained intact. She did not experience pathological elation, delusions, or hallucinations. The disease followed a relentless progression into a partial Klüver–Bucy syndrome, abulia, and terminal dementia. She died from acute myocardial infarction 8 years after the onset of aphasia. The symptoms and their temporal course supported a diagnosis of logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia due to asymmetric temporal variant frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Conclusions This report gives a pictorial description of a temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia in a patient who presented with worsening of a lifelong obsessive–compulsive disorder and logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13256-021-03228-z.
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de França GC, Barreto HCDB, Paranhos T, Nunes JC, de Oliveira-Souza R. Case Report: Catatonic Stupor in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurol 2022; 12:798264. [PMID: 35115996 PMCID: PMC8805594 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.798264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome common to several medical and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we report on the case of a 95-year-old woman who underwent a radical change in personality characterized by sexual disinhibition, and physical and verbal aggressiveness. Over several months, she developed verbal stereotypies, gait deterioration, and double incontinence. She eventually developed mutism and an active opposition to all attempts to be fed or cared for. Benzodiazepines, olanzapine and electroconvulsive therapy were of no benefit. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed asymmetric (more severe on the right) frontotemporal, parietal, and upper brainstem atrophy. She died from sepsis without recovering from stupor seven years after the onset of symptoms. We believe that the initial behavioral disinhibition was related to the frontotemporal injury, whereas catatonic stupor reflected the progression of the degenerative process to the parietal cortices. Our case adds to the small number of cases of catatonia as a symptom of degenerative dementia. It also supports the idea that damage to the parietal cortex gives rise to pathological avoidance of which catatonic stupor represents an extreme form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Campos de França
- The D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Gaffrée e Guinle Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Carneiro de Barros Barreto
- The D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Gaffrée e Guinle Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Paranhos
- The D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Nunes
- The D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Gaffrée e Guinle Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- The D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Gaffrée e Guinle Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Eslinger PJ, Anders S, Ballarini T, Boutros S, Krach S, Mayer AV, Moll J, Newton TL, Schroeter ML, de Oliveira-Souza R, Raber J, Sullivan GB, Swain JE, Lowe L, Zahn R. The neuroscience of social feelings: mechanisms of adaptive social functioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:592-620. [PMID: 34089764 PMCID: PMC8388127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social feelings have conceptual and empirical connections with affect and emotion. In this review, we discuss how they relate to cognition, emotion, behavior and well-being. We examine the functional neuroanatomy and neurobiology of social feelings and their role in adaptive social functioning. Existing neuroscience literature is reviewed to identify concepts, methods and challenges that might be addressed by social feelings research. Specific topic areas highlight the influence and modulation of social feelings on interpersonal affiliation, parent-child attachments, moral sentiments, interpersonal stressors, and emotional communication. Brain regions involved in social feelings were confirmed by meta-analysis using the Neurosynth platform for large-scale, automated synthesis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Words that relate specifically to social feelings were identfied as potential research variables. Topical inquiries into social media behaviors, loneliness, trauma, and social sensitivity, especially with recent physical distancing for guarding public and personal health, underscored the increasing importance of social feelings for affective and second person neuroscience research with implications for brain development, physical and mental health, and lifelong adaptive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Eslinger
- Departments of Neurology, Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, and Radiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Silke Anders
- Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sydney Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sören Krach
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Translational Psychiatry Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annalina V Mayer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Translational Psychiatry Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamara L Newton
- University of Louisville, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), BR Hospital Universitario, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gavin B Sullivan
- International Psychoanalytic University, Berlin, Germany, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, UK
| | - James E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Psychology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Roland Zahn
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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10
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Bortolini T, Melo B, Basilio R, Fischer R, Zahn R, de Oliveira-Souza R, Knutson B, Moll J. Striatal and septo-hypothalamic responses to anticipation and outcome of affiliative rewards. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118474. [PMID: 34407439 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are intrinsically motivated to bond with others. The ability to experience affiliative emotions (such as affection/tenderness, sexual attraction, and admiration/awe) may incentivize and promote these affiliative bonds. Here, we interrogate the role of the critical reward circuitry, especially the Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) and the septo-hypothalamic region, in the anticipation of and response to affiliative rewards using a novel incentive delay task. During Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI), participants (n = 23 healthy humans; 14 female) anticipated and watched videos involving affiliative (tenderness, erotic desire, and awe) and nonaffiliative (i.e., food) rewards, as well as neutral scenes. On the one hand, anticipation of both affiliative and nonaffiliative rewards increased activity in the NAcc, anterior insula, and supplementary motor cortex, but activity in the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) increased in response to reward outcomes. On the other hand, affiliative rewards more specifically increased activity in the septo-hypothalamic area. Moreover, NAcc activity during anticipation correlated with positive arousal for all rewards, whereas septo-hypothalamic activity during the outcome correlated with positive arousal and motivation for subsequent re-exposure only for affiliative rewards. Together, these findings implicate a general appetitive response in the NAcc to different types of rewards but suggests a more specific response in the septo-hypothalamic region in response to affiliative rewards outcomes. This work also presents a new task for distinguishing between neural responses to affiliative and non-affiliative rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bortolini
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Melo
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Basilio
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Ronald Fischer
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil; School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Roland Zahn
- Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22270-000, Brazil
| | - Brian Knutson
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Scients Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
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Prado CSDC, Lopes PMG, Moll J, DeSalles A, de Oliveira-Souza R. A case of developmental pedophilia unmasked by frontotemporal dementia. Neurocase 2021; 27:129-137. [PMID: 33856971 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1886310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A 65-year-old right-handed man gradually became socially indifferent and less active. Four years later, he was indicted for molesting children on multiple occasions. Psychomotor slowness and executive impairment contrasted with sparing of language, semantic memory, visuospatial perception, construction praxis, and right-left orientation. Neuroimaging showed asymmetric atrophy of dorsomedial frontal and anterior temporal lobes, and hypoperfusion of medial prefrontal cortex consistent with a diagnosis of behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. Further information revealed that the patient exhibited pedophilic behavior several years prior to symptom onset. We conclude that preexisting developmental pedophilia was "unmasked" by the underlying progressive frontotemporal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Sodré de Castro Prado
- Department of Neurology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Maranhão Gomes Lopes
- Department of Neurology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Neurology, The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (Idor), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio DeSalles
- Professor Emeritus of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine; and Department of Neurosurgery and Radiotherapy, Director of NeuroSapiens, Neurosurgery at the D'Or-São Luiz Hospitals Network, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Department of Neurology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Division of Clinical and Experimental Neurology, The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (Idor), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Silveira VP, Frydman I, Fontenelle LF, Mattos P, de Oliveira-Souza R, Moll J, Hoexter MQ, Miguel EC, McLaughlin NC, Shephard E, Batistuzzo MC. Exploring response inhibition and error monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 126:26-33. [PMID: 32413597 PMCID: PMC7313630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral evidence of impaired response inhibition (RI) and hyperactive error monitoring (EM) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is inconsistent. Recent neuroimaging work suggests that EM plays a role in RI impairments in OCD, but this has rarely been investigated using behavioral measures. The aims of this study were to (1) compare RI and EM performance between adults with OCD and non-psychiatric controls (NPC) while investigating possible moderators, and (2) assess whether excessive EM influences RI in OCD. We compared RI and EM performance on the Stop-Signal Task (SST) between 92 adults with OCD and 65 NPC from two Brazilian sites. We used linear regression to investigate which variables (group, age, medication use, clinical symptomatology) influenced performance, as well as to examine possible associations between RI and EM. OCD and NPC did not differ in RI and EM. However, age moderated RI performance in OCD with a medium effect size, reflecting differential effects of age on RI between groups: age was positively associated with RI in OCD but not NPC. Further, OCD severity predicted EM with a medium to large effect size, suggesting that more symptomatic patients showed greater monitoring of their mistakes. Finally, group moderated the relationship between RI and EM with a small effect size. Our findings suggest that demographic factors may influence RI, whereas clinical factors may influence EM. Further, we found preliminary behavioral evidence to indicate that impaired RI and excessive EM are related in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Portella Silveira
- Departmento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-903, Brazil.
| | - Ilana Frydman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22290-140, Brazil,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia,D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes Constantino Miguel
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Nicole C.R. McLaughlin
- Butler Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shephard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK. 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo
- Psychology Department, Health Sciences School, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Rua Monte Alegre 984 - Perdizes, São Paulo - SP, 05014-001, Brazil
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Abstract
The clinicoanatomic cases of acquired pedophilia that have been published in the medical and forensic literature up to 2019 are reviewed. Twenty-two cases fit our inclusion criteria. All but one were men, and in only one case the injury was localized to the left hemisphere. Hypersexuality was present in 18 cases. The damaged areas fell within the frontotemporoinsular cortices and related subcortical nuclei; however, the anterior hypothalamus was spared. Damage to parts of the right frontotemporoinsular lobes with sparing of the anterior hypothalamus seems to be critical for the emergence of acquired pedophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Maranhão Gomes Lopes
- Medical Internship Program, Gaffrée eGuinle University Hospital, the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Catarina Sodré de Castro Prado
- Medical Internship Program, Gaffrée eGuinle University Hospital, the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Medical Internship Program, Gaffrée eGuinle University Hospital, the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Senior Researcher in the Clinical Neurosciences, the D 'Or Institute for Research & Education, and Department of Neurology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Frydman I, Mattos P, de Oliveira-Souza R, Yücel M, Chamberlain SR, Moll J, Fontenelle LF. Self-reported and neurocognitive impulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 97:152155. [PMID: 31864219 PMCID: PMC7102901 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a behavioural addiction model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been proposed, it is still unclear if and how self-report and neurocognitive measures of impulsivity (such as risk-taking-, reflection- and motor-impulsivities) are impaired and/or inter-related in this particular clinical population. METHODS Seventeen OCD patients and 17 age-, gender-, education- and IQ-matched controls completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, and the Beck Depression Inventory and were evaluated with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and three computerized paradigms including reward (the Cambridge Gambling Task), reflection (the Information Sampling Task) and motor impulsivity (Stop Signal Task). RESULTS Despite not differing from healthy controls in any neurocognitive impulsivity domain, OCD patients demonstrated increased impulsivity in a self-report measure (particularly attentional impulsivity). Further, attentional impulsivity was predicted by severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that OCD is characterized by a subjective (rather than objective) impulsivity; in addition, self-reported impulsivity was largely determined by severity of OCD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Frydman
- Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Murat Yücel
- Brain & Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), UK
| | - Jorge Moll
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Correspondence and reprints: Leonardo F. Fontenelle, M.D., Ph.D., Rua Visconde de Pirajá, 547, 617, Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil, CEP: 22410-003, Fax and tel.+ 55-21-2239-4919,
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15
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Zahn R, de Oliveira-Souza R, Moll J. Moral Motivation and the Basal Forebrain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:207-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Drummond C, Coutinho G, Monteiro MC, Assuncao N, Teldeschi A, de Souza AS, Oliveira N, Bramati I, Sudo FK, Vanderboght B, Brandao CO, Fonseca RP, de Oliveira-Souza R, Moll J, Mattos P, Tovar-Moll F. Narrative impairment, white matter damage and CSF biomarkers in the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9188-9208. [PMID: 31682234 PMCID: PMC6834410 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrative discourse (ND) refers to one's ability to verbally reproduce a sequence of temporally and logically-linked events. Impairments in ND may occur in subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but correlates across this function, neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers remain understudied. OBJECTIVES We sought to measure correlates among ND, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) indexes and AD CSF biomarkers in patients within the AD spectrum. RESULTS Groups differed in narrative production (NProd) and comprehension. aMCI and AD presented poorer inference abilities than controls. AD subjects were more impaired than controls and aMCI regarding WB (p<0.01). ROIs DTI assessment distinguished the three groups. Mean Diffusivity (MD) in the uncinate, bilateral parahippocampal cingulate and left inferior occipitofrontal fasciculi negatively correlated with NProd. Changes in specific tracts correlated with T-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio in CSF. CONCLUSIONS AD and aMCI patients presented more ND impairments than controls. Those findings were associated with changes in ventral language-associated and in the inferior parahippocampal pathways. The latest were correlated with biomarkers' levels in the CSF. METHODS AD (N=14), aMCI (N=31) and Control (N=39) groups were compared for whole brain (WB) and regions of interest (ROI) DTI parameters, ND and AD CSF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Drummond
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Speech and Hearing Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Coutinho
- Graduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Celso Lisboa University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina Carneiro Monteiro
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Naima Assuncao
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alina Teldeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Silveira de Souza
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Oliveira
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivanei Bramati
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Kenji Sudo
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bart Vanderboght
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rochele Paz Fonseca
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- Department of Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Zahn R, Weingartner JH, Basilio R, Bado P, Mattos P, Sato JR, de Oliveira-Souza R, Fontenelle LF, Young AH, Moll J. Blame-rebalance fMRI neurofeedback in major depressive disorder: A randomised proof-of-concept trial. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:101992. [PMID: 31505367 PMCID: PMC6737344 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previously, using fMRI, we demonstrated lower connectivity between right anterior superior temporal (ATL) and anterior subgenual cingulate (SCC) regions while patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience guilt. This neural signature was detected despite symptomatic remission which suggested a putative role in vulnerability. This randomised controlled double-blind parallel group clinical trial investigated whether patients with MDD are able to voluntarily modulate this neural signature. To this end, we developed a fMRI neurofeedback software (FRIEND), which measures ATL-SCC coupling and displays its levels in real time. Twenty-eight patients with remitted MDD were randomised to two groups, each receiving one session of fMRI neurofeedback whilst retrieving guilt and indignation/anger-related autobiographical memories. They were instructed to feel the emotion whilst trying to increase the level of a thermometer-like display on a screen. Active intervention group: The thermometer levels increased with increasing levels of ATL-SCC correlations in the guilt condition. Control intervention group: The thermometer levels decreased when correlation levels deviated from the previous baseline level in the guilt condition, thus reinforcing stable correlations. Both groups also received feedback during the indignation condition reinforcing stable correlations. We confirmed our predictions that patients in the active intervention group were indeed able to increase levels of ATL-SCC correlations for guilt vs. indignation and their self-esteem after training compared to before training and that this differed significantly from the control intervention group. These data provide proof-of-concept for a novel treatment target for MDD patients and are in keeping with the hypothesis that ATL-SCC connectivity plays a key role in self-worth. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT01920490 Employs real-time fMRI of anterior temporal –subgenual cingulate connectivity Previously decreased for guilt in major depressive disorder (MDD) beyond remission This RCT shows MDD patients can increase connectivity in one neurofeedback session. Active neurofeedback group increase self-esteem vs control neurofeedback group Training-induced self-esteem increases correlate with connectivity increases
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Zahn
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie H Weingartner
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Basilio
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Bado
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João R Sato
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leo F Fontenelle
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Scients Institute, Palo Alto, USA.
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18
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Moll J, de Oliveira-Souza R, Basilio R, Bramati IE, Gordon B, Rodríguez-Nieto G, Zahn R, Krueger F, Grafman J. Altruistic decisions following penetrating traumatic brain injury. Brain 2019; 141:1558-1569. [PMID: 29590314 PMCID: PMC7341482 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral correlates of altruistic decisions have increasingly attracted the interest of neuroscientists. To date, investigations on the neural underpinnings of altruistic decisions have primarily been conducted in healthy adults undergoing functional neuroimaging as they engaged in decisions to punish third parties. The chief purpose of the present study was to investigate altruistic decisions following focal brain damage with a novel altruistic decision task. In contrast to studies that have focused either on altruistic punishment or donation, the Altruistic Decision Task allows players to anonymously punish or donate to 30 charitable organizations involved with salient societal issues such as abortion, nuclear energy and civil rights. Ninety-four Vietnam War veterans with variable patterns of penetrating traumatic brain injury and 28 healthy veterans who also served in combat participated in the study as normal controls. Participants were asked to invest $1 to punish or reward real societal organizations, or keep the money for themselves. Associations between lesion distribution and performance on the task were analysed with multivariate support vector regression, which enables the assessment of the joint contribution of multiple regions in the determination of a given behaviour of interest. Our main findings were: (i) bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal lesions increased altruistic punishment, whereas lesions of the right perisylvian region and left temporo-insular cortex decreased punishment; (ii) altruistic donations were increased by bilateral lesions of the dorsomedial parietal cortex, whereas lesions of the right posterior superior temporal sulcus and middle temporal gyri decreased donations; (iii) altruistic punishment and donation were only weakly correlated, emphasizing their dissociable neuroanatomical associations; and (iv) altruistic decisions were not related to post-traumatic personality changes. These findings indicate that altruistic punishment and donation are determined by largely non-overlapping cerebral regions, which have previously been implicated in social cognition and moral experience such as evaluations of intentionality and intuitions of justice and morality.10.1093/brain/awy064_video1awy064media15758316955001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Basilio
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Barry Gordon
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Brain Injury Research Program, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Monteiro M, de Oliveira-Souza R, Andrade J, Marins T, de Carvalho Rodrigues E, Bramati I, Lent R, Moll J, Tovar-Moll F. Cortical lateralization of cheirosensory processing in callosal dysgenesis. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101808. [PMID: 31153001 PMCID: PMC6541908 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The paradoxical absence of a split-brain syndrome in most cases of callosal dysgenesis has originated three main hypotheses, namely, (i) bilateral cortical representation of language, (ii) bilateral thalamocortical projections of somatosensory pathways conveyed by the spinothalamic-medial lemniscus system, and (iii) a variable combination of (i) and (ii). We used functional neuroimaging to investigate the cortical representation and lateralization of somatosensory information from the palm of each hand in six cases of callosal dysgenesis (hypothesis [ii]). Cortical regions of interest were contralateral and ipsilateral S1 (areas 3a and 3b, 1 and 2 in the central sulcus and postcentral gyrus) and S2 (parts of areas 40 and 43 in the parietal operculum). The degree of cortical asymmetry was expressed by a laterality index (LI), which may assume values from −1 (fully left-lateralized) to +1 (fully right-lateralized). In callosal dysgenesis, LI values for the right and the left hands were, respectively, −1 and + 1 for both S1 and S2, indicating absence of engagement of ipsilateral S1 and S2. In controls, LI values were − 0.70 (S1) and − 0.51 (S2) for right hand stimulation, and 0.82 (S1) and 0.36 (S2) for left hand stimulation, reflecting bilateral asymmetric activations, which were significantly higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated hand. Therefore, none of the main hypotheses so far entertained to account for the callosal dysgenesis-split-brain paradox have succeeded. We conclude that the preserved interhemispheric transfer of somatosensory tactile information in callosal dysgenesis must be mediated by a fourth alternative, such as aberrant interhemispheric bundles, reorganization of subcortical commissures, or both. We studied the cortical sensory representation of the hands in callosal dysgenesis. The representation of the hands was bilateral but asymmetric in controls. The representation of the hands was strictly contralateral in callosal dysgenesis. The representation of the hands is a distinguishing feature of callosal dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Monteiro
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - Theo Marins
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - Ivanei Bramati
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil
| | - Roberto Lent
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Brazil; The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Brazil.
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20
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de Oliveira-Souza R, Paranhos T, Moll J, Grafman J. Gender and Hemispheric Asymmetries in Acquired Sociopathy. Front Psychol 2019; 10:346. [PMID: 30941065 PMCID: PMC6433972 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of enduring antisocial personality changes in previously normal individuals, or "acquired sociopathy," has consistently been reported in patients with bilateral injuries of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Over the past three decades, cases of acquired sociopathy with (a) bilateral or (b) unilateral sparing of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex have been reported. These cases indicate that at least in a few individuals (a') neural structures beyond the ventromedial prefrontal cortex are also critical for normal social behavior, and (b') the neural underpinnings of social cognition may be lateralized to one cerebral hemisphere. Moreover, researchers have presented evidence that lesion laterality and gender may interact in the production of acquired sociopathy. In the present review, we carried out a comprehensive literature survey seeking possible interactions between gender and hemispheric asymmetry in acquired sociopathy. We found 85 cases of acquired sociopathy due to bilateral (N = 48) and unilateral (N = 37) hemispheric injuries. A significant association between acquired sociopathy and right hemisphere damage was found in men, whereas lesions were bilateral in most women with acquired sociopathy. The present survey shows that: (i) the number of well-documented single-cases of acquired sociopathy is surprisingly small given the length of the historical record; (ii) acquired sociopathy was significantly more frequent in men after an injury of the right or of both cerebral hemispheres; and (iii) in most women who developed acquired sociopathy the injuries affected both cerebral hemispheres. These findings may be especially valuable to neuroscientists and to functional neurosurgeons in particular for the planning of tumor resections as well as for the choice of the best targets for therapeutic neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Paranhos
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Psychology, Neurology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Abstract
In contrast to virtually all organ systems of the body, the central nervous system was until recently believed to be devoid of a lymphatic system. The demonstration of a complex system of paravascular channels formed by the endfeet of astroglial cells ultimately draining into the venous sinuses has radically changed this idea. The system is subsidized by the recirculation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the brain parenchyma along paravascular spaces (PVSs) and by exchanges with the interstitial fluid (IF). Aquaporin-4 channels are the chief transporters of water through these compartments. This article hypothesizes that glymphatic dysfunction is a major pathogenetic mechanism underpinning idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The rationale for the hypothesis springs from MRI studies, which have shown many signs related to IIH without evidence of overproduction of CSF. We propose that diffuse retention of IF is a direct consequence of an imbalance of glymphatic flow. This imbalance, in turn, may result from an augmented flow from the arterial PVS into the IF, by impaired outflow of the IF into the paravenous spaces, or both. Our hypothesis is supported by the facts that (i) visual loss, one of the main complications of IIH, is secondary to the impaired drainage of the optic nerve, a nerve richly surrounded by water channels and with a long extracranial course in its meningeal sheath; (ii) there is a high association between IIH and obesity, a condition related to paravascular inflammation and lymphatic disturbance, and (iii) glymphatic dysfunction has been related to the deposition of β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. We conclude that the concept of glymphatic dysfunction provides a new perspective for understanding the pathophysiology of IIH; it may likewise entice the development of novel therapeutic approaches aiming at enhancing the flow between the CSF, the glymphatic system, and the dural sinuses.
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de Oliveira-Souza R. Phobia of the Supernatural: A Distinct but Poorly Recognized Specific Phobia With an Adverse Impact on Daily Living. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:590. [PMID: 30505286 PMCID: PMC6250805 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychological and psychiatric literature has seldom appreciated the clinical fact that fears of ghosts and kindred supernatural worries may be a cause of intense discomfort, poor sleep, and socio-occupational impairment. In the present article, this claim is illustrated by the clinical features of six patients who developed intense anxiety when they had to sleep alone at night. The fears were first noticed in childhood and persisted into adolescence and adulthood. At these times, they were overwhelmed by images of ghosts and haunted houses often experiencing a vivid impression that an immaterial being not perceivable by the ordinary senses was hovering around. Comorbidity with other phobias was the rule. Owing to shame and self-consciousness, the fears were seldom if ever discussed with healthcare professionals. The overall clinical and psychopathological picture was consistent with a diagnosis of a specific phobia. In a few cases, response to pharmacological treatment and cognitive-behavioral intervention has alleviated the symptoms. "Phobia of the supernatural" may be more common than usually thought. It must actively be sought for in patients complaining of poor sleep and daytime somnolence, and in patients with other types of phobia. The differential diagnosis of phobia of the supernatural includes nocturnal panic attacks, psychosis, other types of phobia that tend to occur during the night, dissociative states of sleep, dementia, and a few rare presentations of epilepsy. Systematic studies must be carried out to settle the neurobiological correlates of phobia of the supernatural as well as the possible benefit of different modalities of pharmacological and psychological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- The D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Barbosa DAN, de Oliveira-Souza R, Monte Santo F, de Oliveira Faria AC, Gorgulho AA, De Salles AAF. The hypothalamus at the crossroads of psychopathology and neurosurgery. Neurosurg Focus 2017; 43:E15. [DOI: 10.3171/2017.6.focus17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The neurosurgical endeavor to treat psychiatric patients may have been part of human history since its beginning. The modern era of psychosurgery can be traced to the heroic attempts of Gottlieb Burckhardt and Egas Moniz to alleviate mental symptoms through the ablation of restricted areas of the frontal lobes in patients with disabling psychiatric illnesses. Thanks to the adaptation of the stereotactic frame to human patients, the ablation of large volumes of brain tissue has been practically abandoned in favor of controlled interventions with discrete targets.Consonant with the role of the hypothalamus in the mediation of the most fundamental approach-avoidance behaviors, some hypothalamic nuclei and regions, in particular, have been selected as targets for the treatment of aggressiveness (posterior hypothalamus), pathological obesity (lateral or ventromedial nuclei), sexual deviations (ventromedial nucleus), and drug dependence (ventromedial nucleus). Some recent improvements in outcomes may have been due to the use of stereotactically guided deep brain stimulation and the change of therapeutic focus from categorical diagnoses (such as schizophrenia) to dimensional symptoms (such as aggressiveness), which are nonspecific in terms of formal diagnosis. However, agreement has never been reached on 2 related issues: 1) the choice of target, based on individual diagnoses; and 2) reliable prediction of outcomes related to individual targets. Despite the lingering controversies on such critical aspects, the experience of the past decades should pave the way for advances in the field. The current failure of pharmacological treatments in a considerable proportion of patients with chronic disabling mental disorders is reminiscent of the state of affairs that prevailed in the years before the early psychosurgical attempts.This article reviews the functional organization of the hypothalamus, the effects of ablation and stimulation of discrete hypothalamic regions, and the stereotactic targets that have most often been used in the treatment of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms; finally, the implications of current and past experience are presented from the perspective of how this fund of knowledge may usefully contribute to the future of hypothalamic psychosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. N. Barbosa
- 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education
- 2Division of Neurosurgery and
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education
- 3Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Felipe Monte Santo
- 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education
- 4Intensive Care Unit, Icaraí Hospital, Niteroi, RJ
| | - Ana Carolina de Oliveira Faria
- 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, D’Or Institute for Research and Education
- 3Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Alessandra A. Gorgulho
- 5HCor Neuroscience, São Paulo, Brazil; and
- 6Department of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Antonio A. F. De Salles
- 5HCor Neuroscience, São Paulo, Brazil; and
- 6Department of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
Clinical psychopathology has largely ignored the developments in the field of social neuroscience. The so-called moral emotions are a group of affective experiences thought to promote cooperation, group cohesion, and reorganization. In this review, we: (i) briefly describe a provisional taxonomy of a limited set of moral emotions and their neural underpinnings; and (ii) discuss how disgust, guilt, anger/indignation, and shame/embarrassment can be conceptualized as key affective experiences in different neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on a concise review of the literature linking moral emotions, psychopathology, and neuropsychiatry, we have devised a simple and preliminary scheme where we conjecture how specific moral emotions can be implicated in some categories of DSM-5 diagnoses, potentially helping to bridge psychopathology and neurobiologically plausible variables, in line with the Research Domain Criteria initiative. We hope this stimulates new empirical work exploring how moral emotional changes and their underlying neurobiology can help elucidating the neural underpinnings of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo F Fontenelle
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Anxiety, Obsessive and Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jorge Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Ja-neiro, Brazil
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de Oliveira-Souza R, Monteiro M, Pacheco P, Tovar-Moll F, Mattos P, Moll J, Nazar BP. Right hemisphere dominance for language in a woman with schizophrenia and a porencephalic cyst of the left hemisphere. Neurocase 2016; 22:324-31. [PMID: 27283036 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2016.1186199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A large left hemisphere porencephalic cyst was incidentally found in a 48-year-old woman (MS) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia. The encephaloclastic characteristics of the cyst indicated that it was acquired between the 22nd and 24th gestational weeks, after the major waves of neuronal migration had tapered off. The cyst destroyed the left temporal and occipital lobes, and the inferior parietal lobule. Surprisingly, MS had no evidence of aphasia, alexia, agraphia, or ideational apraxia; in contrast, cognitive functions dependent on the integrity of the right hemisphere were severely impaired. To test the hypothesis that the development of language in MS took place at the expense of functions that are normally carried out by the right hemisphere, we investigated MS's correlates of oral comprehension with fMRI as a proxy for auditory comprehension and other cognitive functions strongly lateralized to the posterior left hemisphere, such as ideational praxis and reading. Comprehension of spoken language engaged the homologous of Wernicke's area in the right planum temporale. Porencephaly may represent a natural model of neuroplasticity supervening at predictable epochs of prenatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- a Department of Clinical Neuroscience , D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Department of Neurology and Psychiatry , Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Myriam Monteiro
- a Department of Clinical Neuroscience , D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Paula Pacheco
- c Institute of Psychiatry , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- a Department of Clinical Neuroscience , D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- a Department of Clinical Neuroscience , D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Institute of Psychiatry , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- a Department of Clinical Neuroscience , D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Bruno Palazzo Nazar
- c Institute of Psychiatry , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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26
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Abstract
A 45-year-old married woman with fits of episodic dyscontrol since an early age suffered a bilateral injury of the dorsolateral temporal lobe after which such episodes vanished for good. The remission of her lifelong proneness to aggression was so remarkable that her relatives and friends unanimously welcomed her "new personality". The post-traumatic taming in this case was an unanticipated collateral effect of brain damage with a salutary change of personality. This change possibly resulted from the release, due to the bitemporal injury, of inclinations that had not hitherto been fully expressed in the patient's mind and behavior due to the overriding influence of episodic dyscontrol on her ordinary conduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Coutinho
- a D'Or Institute for Research & Education , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Flavia Miele
- a D'Or Institute for Research & Education , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- a D'Or Institute for Research & Education , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- a D'Or Institute for Research & Education , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Institute of Psychiatry , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- a D'Or Institute for Research & Education , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Department of Neurology , Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Abstract
Broca coined the neologism "aphemia" to describe a syndrome consisting of a loss of the ability to speak without impairment of language and paralysis of the faciolingual territories in actions unrelated to speech, such as protruding the tongue or pursing the lips. Upon examining the brains of patients with aphemia, Broca concluded that the minimum possible lesion responsible for aphemia localized to the posterior left inferior frontal gyrus and lower portion of the middle frontal gyrus. A review of Broca's writings led us to conclude that (a) Broca localized speech, not language, to the left hemisphere, (b) Broca's aphemia is a form of apraxia, (c) Broca's aphemia is not, therefore, a terminological forerunner of aphasia, and (d) Broca was an outspoken equipotentialist concerning the cerebral localization of language. Broca's claim about the role of the left hemisphere in the organization of speech places him as the legitimate forebear of the two most outstanding achievements of Liepmann's work, namely, the concepts of apraxia and of a left hemisphere specialization for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- a Department of Neuroscience , D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR) , Botafogo , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- b Department of Neurology , Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio) , Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- a Department of Neuroscience , D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR) , Botafogo , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- a Department of Neuroscience , D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR) , Botafogo , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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28
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Drummond C, Coutinho G, Fonseca RP, Assunção N, Teldeschi A, de Oliveira-Souza R, Moll J, Tovar-Moll F, Mattos P. Deficits in narrative discourse elicited by visual stimuli are already present in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:96. [PMID: 26074814 PMCID: PMC4446997 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Language batteries used to assess the skills of elderly individuals, such as naming and semantic verbal fluency, present some limitations in differentiating healthy controls from patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI). Deficits in narrative discourse occur early in dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the narrative discourse abilities of a-MCI patients are poorly documented. The present study sought to propose and evaluate parameters for investigating narrative discourse in these populations. After a pilot study of 30 healthy subjects who served as a preliminary investigation of macro- and micro-linguistic aspects, 77 individuals (patients with AD and a-MCI and a control group) were evaluated. The experimental task required the participants to narrate a story based on a sequence of actions visually presented. The Control and AD groups differed in all parameters except narrative time and the total number of words recalled. The a-MCI group displayed mild discursive difficulties that were characterized as an intermediate stage between the Control and AD groups' performances. The a-MCI and Control groups differed from the AD group with respect to global coherence, discourse type and referential cohesion. The a-MCI and AD groups were similar to one another but differed from the Control group with respect to the type of words recalled, the repetition of words in the same sentence, the narrative structure and the inclusion of irrelevant propositions in the narrative. The narrative parameter that best distinguished the three groups was the speech effectiveness index. The proposed task was able to reveal differences between healthy controls and groups with cognitive decline. According to our findings, patients with a-MCI already present narrative deficits that are characterized by mild discursive difficulties that are less severe than those found in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Drummond
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Morphological Sciences Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Department of Speech and Hearing Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Coutinho
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Morphological Sciences Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rochele Paz Fonseca
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Naima Assunção
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alina Teldeschi
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Morphological Sciences Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Morphological Sciences Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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29
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Herculano-Houzel S, Kaas JH, de Oliveira-Souza R. Corticalization of motor control in humans is a consequence of brain scaling in primate evolution. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:448-55. [PMID: 25891512 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Control over spinal and brainstem somatomotor neurons is exerted by two sets of descending fibers, corticospinal/pyramidal and extrapyramidal. Although in nonhuman primates the effect of bilateral pyramidal lesions is mostly limited to an impairment of the independent use of digits in skilled manual actions, similar injuries in humans result in the locked-in syndrome, a state of mutism and quadriplegia in which communication can be established only by residual vertical eye movements. This behavioral contrast makes humans appear to be outliers compared with other primates because of our almost total dependence on the corticospinal/pyramidal system for the effectuation of movement. Here we propose, instead, that an increasing preponderance of the corticospinal/pyramidal system over motor control is an expected consequence of increasing brain size in primates because of the faster scaling of the number of neurons in the primary motor cortex over the brainstem and spinal cord motor neuron pools, explaining the apparent uniqueness of the corticalization of motor control in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Herculano-Houzel
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Neurociência Translacional, Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia, São Paulo 03023-900, Brazil
| | - Jon H Kaas
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240-7817
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de Oliveira-Souza R. Damage to the pyramidal tracts is necessary and sufficient for the production of the pyramidal syndrome in man. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:99-110. [PMID: 25959865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The causal role played by damage to the pyramidal tracts in the production of spastic hemiplegia in man has been hotly debated over the past hundred years. Two broad streams of thought have emerged from this dispute. The first, which is grounded on the clinicopathological schools of Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) and Paul Flechsig (1847-1929), claimed that the four cardinal signs of hemiplegia, namely (i) paralysis, (ii) spasticity, (iii) hyperactive phasic muscle reflexes ("tendon jerks") and (iv) the sign of Babinski, are caused by injury or dysfunction of the pyramidal tracts. The second school, championed by John Farquhar Fulton (1899-1960) and Derek Denny-Brown (1901-1981), reflects the increasing influence of experimental neurology on clinicopathological concepts after World War II. According to this school, most elements of the pyramidal syndrome are caused by the added release or injury of extrapyramidal structures at different levels of the forebrain and brainstem. Most symptoms of spastic hemiplegia were thus interpreted as signs of extrapyramidal (e.g., reticulospinal) release or damage. However, consensus on which symptoms of spastic hemiplegia were due to pyramidal or extrapyramidal changes was never reached. To add to this uncertainty, a number of clinicopathological cases that supported the old view were sporadically published over the same period. The purpose of the present essay is to provide clinicoanatomic perspective to the neurological literature in support of the hypothesis that damage to the pyramidal tracts is a necessary and sufficient condition for the production of the complete pyramidal syndrome in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Tovar-Moll F, de Oliveira-Souza R, Bramati IE, Zahn R, Cavanagh A, Tierney M, Moll J, Grafman J. White matter tract damage in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal and corticobasal dementia syndromes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102656. [PMID: 25054218 PMCID: PMC4108323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypes of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia and the corticobasal syndrome present considerable clinical and anatomical overlap. The respective patterns of white matter damage in these syndromes have not been directly contrasted. Beyond cortical involvement, damage to white matter pathways may critically contribute to both common and specific symptoms in both conditions. Here we assessed patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia and corticobasal syndrome with whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging to identify the white matter networks underlying these pathologies. Twenty patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, 19 with corticobasal syndrome, and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Differences in tract integrity between (i) patients and controls, and (ii) patients with the corticobasal syndrome and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia were assessed with whole brain tract-based spatial statistics and analyses of regions of interest. Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia and the corticobasal syndrome shared a pattern of bilaterally decreased white matter integrity in the anterior commissure, genu and body of the corpus callosum, corona radiata and in the long intrahemispheric association pathways. Patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia showed greater damage to the uncinate fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum and forceps minor. In contrast, corticobasal syndrome patients had greater damage to the midbody of the corpus callosum and perirolandic corona radiata. Whereas several compact white matter pathways were damaged in both the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia and corticobasal syndrome, the distribution and degree of white matter damage differed between them. These findings concur with the distinctive clinical manifestations of these conditions and may improve the in vivo neuroanatomical and diagnostic characterization of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ivanei Edson Bramati
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roland Zahn
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry at King's College, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alyson Cavanagh
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Tierney
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jorge Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jordan Grafman
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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32
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Moll J, Weingartner JH, Bado P, Basilio R, Sato JR, Melo BR, Bramati IE, de Oliveira-Souza R, Zahn R. Voluntary enhancement of neural signatures of affiliative emotion using FMRI neurofeedback. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97343. [PMID: 24847819 PMCID: PMC4029815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In Ridley Scott's film "Blade Runner", empathy-detection devices are employed to measure affiliative emotions. Despite recent neurocomputational advances, it is unknown whether brain signatures of affiliative emotions, such as tenderness/affection, can be decoded and voluntarily modulated. Here, we employed multivariate voxel pattern analysis and real-time fMRI to address this question. We found that participants were able to use visual feedback based on decoded fMRI patterns as a neurofeedback signal to increase brain activation characteristic of tenderness/affection relative to pride, an equally complex control emotion. Such improvement was not observed in a control group performing the same fMRI task without neurofeedback. Furthermore, the neurofeedback-driven enhancement of tenderness/affection-related distributed patterns was associated with local fMRI responses in the septohypothalamic area and frontopolar cortex, regions previously implicated in affiliative emotion. This demonstrates that humans can voluntarily enhance brain signatures of tenderness/affection, unlocking new possibilities for promoting prosocial emotions and countering antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moll
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit and Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julie H. Weingartner
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit and Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Bado
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit and Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Basilio
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit and Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João R. Sato
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit and Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Bruno R. Melo
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit and Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivanei E. Bramati
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit and Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit and Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roland Zahn
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit and Neuroinformatics Workgroup, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Attachment to one's kin as an in-group emerges from a fundamental human motivation and is vital for human survival. Despite important recent advances in the field of social neuroscience, the neural mechanisms underlying family-related in-group perception remain obscure. To examine the neural basis of perceiving family-related in-group boundaries in response to written kinship scenarios, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging in 27 healthy adults and obtained self-report ratings of family-related entitativity, which measures to what degree participants perceive their family as a coherent and distinct group in society. We expected that activity in the subgenual cingulate cortex and septo-hypothalamic region would track individual differences in entitativity. Perceiving one's family as a distinct and cohesive group (high entitativity) was associated with increased subgenual cortex response to kinship scenarios. The subgenual cingulate cortex may represent a key link between kin-related emotional attachment and group perception, providing a neurobiological basis for group belongingness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rüsch
- a Department of Psychiatry II , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
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Abstract
Changes in socio-emotional behavior and conduct, which are characteristic symptoms of frontal lobe damage, have less often been described in patients with focal subcortical injuries. We report on a case of pathological generosity secondary to a left lenticulocapsular stroke with hypoperfusion of several anatomically intact cortical areas. A 49-year-old man developed excessive and persistent generosity as he recovered from a left lenticulocapsular hematoma. His symptoms resembled an impulse control disorder. (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT demonstrated hypoperfusion mostly in the ipsilateral striatum, dorsolateral, and orbitofrontal cortex. This case study adds pathological generosity to the range of behavioral changes that may result from discrete unilateral lesions of the lenticular nucleus and nearby pathways. In our particular case, post-stroke pathological generosity was not ascribable to disinhibition, apathy, mania, or depression. Because pathological generosity may lead to significant distress and financial burden upon patients and their families, it may warrant further consideration as a potential type of impulse control disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ferreira-Garcia
- a Programa de Ansiedade e Depressão, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Paiva FF, Otaduy MCG, de Oliveira-Souza R, Moll J, Bramati IE, Oliveira L, de Souza AS, Tovar-Moll F. Comparison of human brain metabolite levels using 1H MRS at 1.5T and 3.0T. Dement Neuropsychol 2013; 7:216-220. [PMID: 29213843 PMCID: PMC5619521 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the human brain has proven to be
a useful technique in several neurological and psychiatric disorders and
benefits from higher field scanners as signal intensity and spectral resolution
are proportional to the magnetic field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandes Paiva
- PhD, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and In Vivo Spectroscopy Center (CIERMag), Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Concepcion Garcia Otaduy
- PhD, Magnetic Resonance Department, LIM44, InRad-Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- PhD, Gaffreé e Guinle University Hospital, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil. D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- PhD, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luciane Oliveira
- MD, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea Silveira de Souza
- PhD, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil. Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- PhD, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil. Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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36
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Coutinho G, Oliveira-Souza RD, Moll J, Tovar-Moll F, Mattos P. Is it possible to identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using a 30-minute neuropsychological battery? ARCH CLIN PSYCHIAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-60832013000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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37
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de Oliveira-Souza R. The human extrapyramidal system. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:843-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Silveira de Souza A, de Oliveira-Souza R, Moll J, Tovar-Moll F, Andreiuolo PA, Bottino CMC. Contribution of 1H spectroscopy to a brief cognitive-functional test battery for the diagnosis of mild Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2012; 32:351-61. [PMID: 22311276 DOI: 10.1159/000334656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The diagnosis of mild or questionable Alzheimer's disease (AD) depends on clinical criteria that often leave a margin for doubt. We aim to verify the diagnostic accuracy of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD with proton spectroscopy (1H-MRS) combined with brief cognitive-functional scales. METHODS The relationship between 1H-MRS of the posterior cingulate cortex and the cognitive performance in Mini Mental State Examination, Blessed-Roth Dementia Rating and Functional Assessment Staging of Alzheimer Disease scales were investigated in 25 AD, 10 aMCI and 33 normal control (NC) individuals. RESULTS The N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine and myoinositol/NAA ratios distinguished AD patients from NC (p<0.005), and added value in diagnostic accuracy and specificity by discriminant function analysis when combined to clinical diagnosis and simple neuropsychiatric scales; an increase of 3.7% (for aMCI patients) and of 5% (for AD individuals) was observed in diagnostic accuracy, and one of 5.5% (aMCI) and of 11.1% (AD) in specificity. CONCLUSION 1H-MRS combined with brief cognitive-functional scales provided maximum diagnostic accuracy of AD patients, and can be useful when subtle cognitive and memory dysfunction is present.
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Abstract
The concept of the extrapyramidal system comprises an amalgam of disparate and often conflicting ideas with a tortuous history. To the theoretical neuroscientist or practicing clinician, it promptly evokes semantic associations that are hardly reminiscent of its original meaning. The purpose of this article is to revisit the sources of the extrapyramidal concept and to examine the transformations that it went through from its inception, in the late 1890s, up to the neuroimaging revolution of the 1980s. Our review shows that the use of "extrapyramidal" as a surrogate for the basal ganglia, disorders of movement, or certain manifestations of spastic hemiplegia does not apply to humans; rather, it represents the historical product of the unwarranted translation of results of animal experimentation into the interpretation of clinical findings on human patients, misguided clinico-anatomic deductions, and fanciful phylogenetic notions. We conclude that the extrapyramidal concept is a valid and robust anatomic concept as long as it strictly refers to the collection of descending fibers originating in a few discrete brainstem tegmental motor nuclei that project to the spinal cord.
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Rezende-Cunha F, de Oliveira-Souza R. The pyramidal syndrome and the pyramidal tract: a brief historical note. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2012; 69:836-7. [PMID: 22042191 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2011000600021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the pyramidal syndrome and tract is briefly reviewed with emphasis on a few key historical aspects. The pursuit of the relationship between the lateralized deficits resulting from contralateral head trauma begins in the fourth century BC with the Hippocratic School and continues until the present day.
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Abstract
Two paradigms have guided emotion research over the past decades. The dual-system view embraces the long-held Western belief, espoused most prominently by decision-making and social cognition researchers, that emotion and reason are often at odds. The integrative view, which asserts that emotion and cognition work synergistically, has been less explored experimentally. However, the integrative view (a) may help explain several findings that are not easily accounted for by the dual-system approach, and (b) is better supported by a growing body of evidence from human neuroanatomy that has often been overlooked by experimental neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroscience Center, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Brazil,
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuroscience Center, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Brazil
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, USA
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42
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Sato JR, de Oliveira-Souza R, Thomaz CE, Basílio R, Bramati IE, Amaro E, Tovar-Moll F, Hare RD, Moll J. Identification of psychopathic individuals using pattern classification of MRI images. Soc Neurosci 2011; 6:627-39. [PMID: 21590586 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2011.562687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathy is a disorder of personality characterized by severe impairments of social conduct, emotional experience, and interpersonal behavior. Psychopaths consistently violate social norms and bring considerable financial, emotional, or physical harm to others and to society as a whole. Recent developments in analysis methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as voxel-based-morphometry (VBM), have become major tools to understand the anatomical correlates of this disorder. Nevertheless, the identification of psychopathy by neuroimaging or other neurobiological tools (e.g., genetic testing) remains elusive. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The main aim of this study was to develop an approach to distinguish psychopaths from healthy controls, based on the integration between pattern recognition methods and gray matter quantification. We employed support vector machines (SVM) and maximum uncertainty linear discrimination analysis (MLDA), with a feature-selection algorithm. Imaging data from 15 healthy controls and 15 psychopathic individuals (7 women in each group) were analyzed with SPM2 and the optimized VBM preprocessing routines. Participants were scanned with a 1.5 Tesla MRI system. Both SVM and MLDA achieved an overall leave-one-out accuracy of 80%, but SVM mapping was sparser than using MLDA. The superior temporal sulcus/gyrus (bilaterally) was identified as a region containing the most relevant information to separate the two groups. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that gray matter quantitative measures contain robust information to predict high psychopathy scores in individual subjects. The methods employed herein might prove useful as an adjunct to the established clinical and neuropsychological measures in patient screening and diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Sato
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
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Moll J, Zahn R, de Oliveira-Souza R, Bramati IE, Krueger F, Tura B, Cavanagh AL, Grafman J. Impairment of prosocial sentiments is associated with frontopolar and septal damage in frontotemporal dementia. Neuroimage 2010; 54:1735-42. [PMID: 20728544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poets and philosophers have long acknowledged moral sentiments as key motivators of human social behavior. Prosocial sentiments, which include guilt, pity and embarrassment, enable us to care about others and to be concerned about our mistakes. Functional imaging studies have implicated frontopolar, ventromedial frontal and basal forebrain regions in the experience of prosocial sentiments. Patients with lesions of the frontopolar and ventromedial frontal areas were observed to behave inappropriately and less prosocially, which could be attributed to a generalized emotional blunting. Direct experimental evidence for brain regions distinctively associated with moral sentiment impairments is lacking, however. We investigated this issue in patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, a disorder in which early and selective impairments of social conduct are consistently observed. Using a novel moral sentiment task, we show that the degree of impairment of prosocial sentiments is associated with the degree of damage to frontopolar cortex and septal area, as assessed with 18-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography, an established measure of neurodegenerative damage. This effect was dissociable from impairment of other-critical feelings (anger and disgust), which was in turn associated with dorsomedial prefrontal and amygdala dysfunction. Our findings suggest a critical role of the frontopolar cortex and septal region in enabling prosocial sentiments, a fundamental component of moral conscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moll
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1440, USA
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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45
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Zahn R, de Oliveira-Souza R, Bramati I, Garrido G, Moll J. Subgenual cingulate activity reflects individual differences in empathic concern. Neurosci Lett 2009; 457:107-10. [PMID: 19429173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent fMRI studies linked subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC) activity with feelings of guilt for acting counter to social values and altruistic donations towards societal causes. We hypothesized that SCC activity across those different tasks was driven by feelings of attachment. In order to investigate this further, we used fMRI to probe the association of empathic concern and strength of SCC activation in response to guilt- and compassion-evoking verbal descriptions of social behaviour. We were able to confirm our prediction that participants with higher empathic concern had increased activity in the SCC in the guilt condition, whereas there was no association for compassion. These results shed new light on the role of the SCC which shows abnormalities in clinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Zahn
- The University of Manchester, School of Psychological Sciences, Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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46
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Moll J, de Oliveira-Souza R, Garrido GJ, Bramati IE, Caparelli-Daquer EMA, Paiva MLMF, Zahn R, Grafman J. The self as a moral agent: linking the neural bases of social agency and moral sensitivity. Soc Neurosci 2008; 2:336-52. [PMID: 18633822 DOI: 10.1080/17470910701392024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The human brain is inherently able to understand the world in moral ways, endowing most of us with an intuitive sense of fairness, concern for others, and observance of cultural norms. We have argued that this moral sensitivity ability depends on a sophisticated integration of cognitive, emotional, and motivational mechanisms, which are modulated by individual experience in different cultural milieus. Different lines of investigation on agency and morality have pointed to overlapping neural systems. Therefore, understanding the relationships between morality and agency may provide key insights into the mechanisms underlying human behavior in several clinical and societal settings. We used functional MRI to investigate the contribution of agency and of specific moral emotions to brain activation using action scripts. Results showed that emotionally neutral agency recruited neural networks previously associated with agency, intentionality and moral cognition, encompassing ventral and subgenual sectors of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), insula, anterior temporal cortex and superior temporal sulcus (STS). Compared to emotionally neutral agency, different categories of moral emotions led to distinct activation patterns: (1) prosocial emotions (guilt, embarrassment, compassion) activated the anterior medial PFC and STS, with (2) empathic emotions (guilt and compassion) additionally recruiting the mesolimbic pathway; (3) other-critical emotions (disgust and indignation) were associated with activation of the amygdala-parahippocampal and fusiform areas. These findings indicate that agency related to norm-abiding social behaviors of emotionally neutral scripts share neural substrates both with the "default mode" of brain function and with the moral sensitivity network. Additional activation in specific components of this network is elicited by different classes of moral emotions, in agreement with recent integrative models of moral cognition and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moll
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Lima OMPD, Oliveira-Souza RD, Santos ODR, Moraes PAD, Sá LFD, Nascimento OJM. Subclinical encephalopathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2008; 65:1154-7. [PMID: 18345421 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2007000700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a variety of mental symptoms that range from cognitive slowing to mental confusion and dementia. PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that COPD leads to cognitive impairment in the absence of acute confusion or dementia. METHOD The global cognitive status of 30 patients with COPD without dementia or acute confusion and 34 controls was assessed with a Brazilian version of the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). RESULTS The MMSE scores were significantly lower in the patient group and inversely related to the severity of COPD. This finding could not be attributed to age, education, gender, daytime sleepiness, hypoxemia, chronic tobacco use, or associated diseases such as diabetes, depression, high blood pressure or alcoholism. CONCLUSION These results suggest the existence of a subclinical encephalopathy of COPD characterized by a subtle impairment of global cognitive ability.
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de Oliveira-Souza R, Hare RD, Bramati IE, Garrido GJ, Azevedo Ignácio F, Tovar-Moll F, Moll J. Psychopathy as a disorder of the moral brain: Fronto-temporo-limbic grey matter reductions demonstrated by voxel-based morphometry. Neuroimage 2008; 40:1202-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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de Oliveira-Souza R, Marrocos RP, Moll J. Clozapine for severe ("kraepelinian") schizophrenia: Sustained improvement over 5 years. Dement Neuropsychol 2008; 2:71-75. [PMID: 29213544 PMCID: PMC5619158 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clozapine has become a keystone in the treatment of schizophrenia because of its
efficacy as an antipsychotic with negligible neuroleptic effects. The long-term
stability of its effects, however, is poorly understood, because most studies
have probed the usefulness of clozapine over a period of weeks to several months
at the most. Knowing whether clozapine’s benefits are sustained over the very
long-term, i.e., more than 5 years, may be critical for cost-benefit
analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Unidade de Neurociência Cognitiva e Comportamental, Rede LABS-D'OR, Rio de Janeiro.,Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
| | | | - Jorge Moll
- Unidade de Neurociência Cognitiva e Comportamental, Rede LABS-D'OR, Rio de Janeiro
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50
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Abstract
Experimental studies in nonhuman primates have questioned the selectivity of pyramidal tract damage in giving rise to the classical pyramidal syndrome in humans, characterized by permanent spastic hemiplegia (PSH). According to this view, concomitant injury of extrapyramidal pathways is necessary for the development of both hemiplegia and spasticity. In this study we used conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging tractography to characterize the anatomical correlates of PSH in a patient with a rare and discrete unilateral lesion of the medullary pyramid. Our findings support the hypothesis that damage confined to the medullary pyramid/pyramidal tract is sufficient to produce PSH. In contrast to nonhuman primates, the human 'pyramidal' and 'pyramid' syndromes are equivalent clinico-anatomic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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