1
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Deaton R, Shankman LS, Benavente ED, Williams CM, Bradley X, Alencar GF, Bulut GB, Kirmani S, Baylis RA, Zunder ER, den Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G, Owens GK. IL-1β Inhibition Partially Negates the Beneficial Effects of Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis Regression in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024. [PMID: 38695167 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboembolic events secondary to rupture or erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions is the global leading cause of death. The most common and effective means to reduce these major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, is aggressive lipid lowering via a combination of drugs and dietary modifications. However, we know little regarding the effects of reducing dietary lipids on the composition and stability of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, the mechanisms that regulate these processes, and what therapeutic approaches might augment the benefits of lipid lowering. METHODS Smooth muscle cell lineage-tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a high-cholesterol Western diet for 18 weeks and then a zero-cholesterol standard laboratory diet for 12 weeks before treating them with an IL (interleukin)-1β or control antibody for 8 weeks. We assessed lesion size and remodeling indices, as well as the cellular composition of aortic and brachiocephalic artery lesions, indices of plaque stability, overall plaque burden, and phenotypic transitions of smooth muscle cell and other lesion cells by smooth muscle cell lineage tracing combined with single-cell RNA sequencing, cytometry by time-of-flight, and immunostaining plus high-resolution confocal microscopic z-stack analysis. RESULTS Lipid lowering by switching Apoe-/- mice from a Western diet to a standard laboratory diet reduced LDL cholesterol levels by 70% and resulted in multiple beneficial effects including reduced overall aortic plaque burden, as well as reduced intraplaque hemorrhage and necrotic core area. However, contrary to expectations, IL-1β antibody treatment after diet-induced reductions in lipids resulted in multiple detrimental changes including increased plaque burden and brachiocephalic artery lesion size, as well as increasedintraplaque hemorrhage, necrotic core area, and senescence as compared with IgG control antibody-treated mice. Furthermore, IL-1β antibody treatment upregulated neutrophil degranulation pathways but downregulated smooth muscle cell extracellular matrix pathways likely important for the protective fibrous cap. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, IL-1β appears to be required for the maintenance of standard laboratory diet-induced reductions in plaque burden and increases in multiple indices of plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Rebecca Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Laura S Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Ernest D Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (E.D.B., H.M.d.R., G.P.)
| | - Corey M Williams
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Xenia Bradley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Gamze B Bulut
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Sara Kirmani
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Eli R Zunder
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (E.D.B., H.M.d.R., G.P.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (E.D.B., H.M.d.R., G.P.)
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S. Karnewar, V.K., R.D., L.S.S., C.M.W., X.B., G.F.A., G.B.B., S. Kirmani, R.A.B., E.R.Z., G.K.O.)
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Gao H, Zhang M, Baylis RA, Wang F, Björkegren JLM, Kovacic JJ, Ruusalepp A, Leeper NJ. Computational protocol to identify shared transcriptional risks and mutually beneficial compounds between diseases. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102883. [PMID: 38354084 PMCID: PMC10876979 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of omics and biobank resources allows for a genome-wide understanding of the shared pathologic mechanisms between diseases and for strategies to identify drugs that could be repurposed as novel treatments. Here, we present a computational protocol, implemented as a Snakemake workflow, to identify shared transcriptional processes and screen compounds that could result in mutual benefit. This protocol also includes a description of a pharmacovigilance study designed to validate the effect of compounds using electronic health records. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Gao et al.1 and Baylis et al.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Mao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jason J Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and The Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Deaton R, Shankman LS, Benavente ED, Williams CM, Bradley X, Alencar GF, Bulut GB, Kirmani S, Baylis RA, Zunder ER, den Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G, Owens GK. IL-1β inhibition partially negates the beneficial effects of diet-induced lipid lowering. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.13.562255. [PMID: 37873280 PMCID: PMC10592822 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Thromboembolic events secondary to rupture or erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions are the leading cause of death in the world. The most common and effective means to reduce these major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, is aggressive lipid lowering via a combination of drugs and dietary modifications. However, little is known regarding the effects of reducing dietary lipids on the composition and stability of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, the mechanisms that regulate these processes, and what therapeutic approaches might augment the benefits of lipid lowering. Methods Smooth muscle cell (SMC)-lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a Western diet (WD) for 18 weeks and then switched to a low-fat chow diet for 12 weeks. We assessed lesion size and remodeling indices, as well as the cellular composition of aortic and brachiocephalic artery (BCA) lesions, indices of plaque stability, overall plaque burden, and phenotypic transitions of SMC, and other lesion cells by SMC-lineage tracing combined with scRNA-seq, CyTOF, and immunostaining plus high resolution confocal microscopic z-stack analysis. In addition, to determine if treatment with a potent inhibitor of inflammation could augment the benefits of chow diet-induced reductions in LDL-cholesterol, SMC-lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a WD for 18 weeks and then chow diet for 12 weeks prior to treating them with an IL-1β or control antibody (Ab) for 8-weeks. Results Lipid-lowering by switching Apoe-/- mice from a WD to a chow diet reduced LDL-cholesterol levels by 70% and resulted in multiple beneficial effects including reduced overall aortic plaque burden as well as reduced intraplaque hemorrhage and necrotic core area. However, contrary to expectations, IL-1β Ab treatment resulted in multiple detrimental changes including increased plaque burden, BCA lesion size, as well as increased cholesterol crystal accumulation, intra-plaque hemorrhage, necrotic core area, and senescence as compared to IgG control Ab treated mice. Furthermore, IL-1β Ab treatment upregulated neutrophil degranulation pathways but down-regulated SMC extracellular matrix pathways likely important for the protective fibrous cap. Conclusions Taken together, IL-1β appears to be required for chow diet-induced reductions in plaque burden and increases in multiple indices of plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Rebecca Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Laura S. Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ernest D. Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Corey M. Williams
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Xenia Bradley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gabriel F. Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gamze B. Bulut
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Sara Kirmani
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Eli R. Zunder
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Baylis RA, Gao H, Wang F, Bell CF, Luo L, Björkegren JL, Leeper NJ. Identifying shared transcriptional risk patterns between atherosclerosis and cancer. iScience 2023; 26:107513. [PMID: 37636064 PMCID: PMC10448075 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Numerous overlapping pathophysiologic mechanisms have been hypothesized to drive the development of both diseases. Further investigation of these common pathways could allow for the identification of mutually detrimental processes and therapeutic targeting to derive mutual benefit. In this study, we intersect transcriptomic datasets correlated with disease severity or patient outcomes for both cancer and atherosclerotic CVD. These analyses confirmed numerous pathways known to underlie both diseases, such as inflammation and hypoxia, but also identified several novel shared pathways. We used these to explore common translational targets by applying the drug prediction software, OCTAD, to identify compounds that simultaneously reverse the gene expression signature for both diseases. These analyses suggest that certain tumor-specific therapeutic approaches may be implemented so that they avoid cardiovascular consequences, and in some cases may even be used to simultaneously target co-prevalent cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Baylis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin F. Bell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lingfeng Luo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Johan L.M. Björkegren
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Bell CF, Lei X, Haas A, Baylis RA, Gao H, Luo L, Giordano SH, Wehner MR, Nead KT, Leeper NJ. Risk of Cancer After Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease. JACC CardioOncol 2023; 5:431-440. [PMID: 37614573 PMCID: PMC10443115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer share several risk factors. Although preclinical models show that various types of CVD can accelerate cancer progression, clinical studies have not determined the impact of atherosclerosis on cancer risk. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine whether CVD, especially atherosclerotic CVD, is independently associated with incident cancer. Methods Using IBM MarketScan claims data from over 130 million individuals, 27 million cancer-free subjects with a minimum of 36 months of follow-up data were identified. Individuals were stratified by presence or absence of CVD, time-varying analysis with multivariable adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors was performed, and cumulative risk of cancer was calculated. Additional analyses were performed according to CVD type (atherosclerotic vs nonatherosclerotic) and cancer subtype. Results Among 27,195,088 individuals, those with CVD were 13% more likely to develop cancer than those without CVD (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.12-1.13). Results were more pronounced for individuals with atherosclerotic CVD (aCVD), who had a higher risk of cancer than those without CVD (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.19-1.21). aCVD also conferred a higher risk of cancer compared with those with nonatherosclerotic CVD (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.11-1.12). Cancer subtype analyses showed specific associations of aCVD with several malignancies, including lung, bladder, liver, colon, and other hematologic cancers. Conclusions Individuals with CVD have an increased risk of developing cancer compared with those without CVD. This association may be driven in part by the relationship of atherosclerosis with specific cancer subtypes, which persists after controlling for conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin F. Bell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiudong Lei
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Allen Haas
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lingfeng Luo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sharon H. Giordano
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mackenzie R. Wehner
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin T. Nead
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California, USA
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Gole S, Tkachenko S, Masannat T, Baylis RA, Cherepanova OA. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Atherosclerosis: Friend or Foe? Cells 2022; 11:cells11192946. [PMID: 36230908 PMCID: PMC9563961 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many decades of research, complications of atherosclerosis resulting from the rupture or erosion of unstable plaques remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Advances in cellular lineage tracing techniques have allowed researchers to begin investigating the role of individual cell types in the key processes regulating plaque stability, including maintenance of the fibrous cap, a protective collagen-rich structure that underlies the endothelium. This structure was previously thought to be entirely derived from smooth muscle cells (SMC), which migrated from the vessel wall. However, recent lineage tracing studies have identified endothelial cells (EC) as an essential component of this protective barrier through an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a process that has previously been implicated in pulmonary, cardiac, and kidney fibrosis. Although the presence of EndoMT in atherosclerotic plaques has been shown by several laboratories using EC-lineage tracing mouse models, whether EndoMT is detrimental (i.e., worsening disease progression) or beneficial (i.e., an athero-protective response that prevents plaque instability) remains uncertain as there are data to support both possibilities, which will be further discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarin Gole
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert, RD, BRB, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tarek Masannat
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St Gray 730, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olga A. Cherepanova
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-445-7491
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Gao H, Baylis RA, Luo L, Kojima Y, Bell CF, Ross EG, Wang F, Leeper NJ. Clustering cancers by shared transcriptional risk reveals novel targets for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:116. [PMID: 35585548 PMCID: PMC9115915 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lingfeng Luo
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Caitlin F Bell
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Biomedical Innovations Building, 240 Pasteur Drive, #3654, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elsie G Ross
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fudi Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Biomedical Innovations Building, 240 Pasteur Drive, #3654, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Shin J, Tkachenko S, Chaklader M, Pletz C, Singh K, Bulut GB, Han YM, Mitchell K, Baylis RA, Kuzmin AA, Hu B, Lathia JD, Stenina-Adognravi O, Podrez E, Byzova TV, Owens GK, Cherepanova OA. Endothelial OCT4 is atheroprotective by preventing metabolic and phenotypic dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2458-2477. [PMID: 35325071 PMCID: PMC9890633 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Until recently, the pluripotency factor Octamer (ATGCAAAT)-binding transcriptional factor 4 (OCT4) was believed to be dispensable in adult somatic cells. However, our recent studies provided clear evidence that OCT4 has a critical atheroprotective role in smooth muscle cells. Here, we asked if OCT4 might play a functional role in regulating endothelial cell (EC) phenotypic modulations in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Specifically, we show that EC-specific Oct4 knockout resulted in increased lipid, LGALS3+ cell accumulation, and altered plaque characteristics consistent with decreased plaque stability. A combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and EC-lineage-tracing studies revealed increased EC activation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitions, plaque neovascularization, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the absence of OCT4. Furthermore, we show that the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) transporter, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G2 (ABCG2), is a direct target of OCT4 in EC and establish for the first time that the OCT4/ABCG2 axis maintains EC metabolic homeostasis by regulating intracellular heme accumulation and related reactive oxygen species production, which, in turn, contributes to atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first direct evidence that OCT4 has a protective metabolic function in EC and identifies vascular OCT4 and its signalling axis as a potential target for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Connor Pletz
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kanwardeep Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gamze B Bulut
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Young min Han
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrey A Kuzmin
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olga Stenina-Adognravi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eugene Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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9
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Jarr KU, Ye J, Kojima Y, Ye Z, Gao H, Schmid S, Luo L, Baylis RA, Lotfi M, Lopez N, Eberhard AV, Smith BR, Weissman IL, Maegdefessel L, Leeper NJ. The pleiotropic benefits of statins include the ability to reduce CD47 and amplify the effect of pro-efferocytic therapies in atherosclerosis. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2022; 1:253-262. [PMID: 35990913 PMCID: PMC9390974 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic benefits of statins may result from their impact on vascular inflammation. The molecular process underlying this phenomenon is not fully elucidated. Here, RNA sequencing designed to investigate gene expression patterns following CD47-SIRPα inhibition identifies a link between statins, efferocytosis, and vascular inflammation. In vivo and in vitro studies provide evidence that statins augment programmed cell removal by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NFκB1 p50 and suppressing the expression of the critical 'don't eat me' molecule, CD47. Statins amplify the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, and thus the anti-atherosclerotic effects of CD47-SIRPα blockade, in an additive manner. Analyses of clinical biobank specimens suggest a similar link between statins and CD47 expression in humans, highlighting the potential translational implications. Taken together, our findings identify efferocytosis and CD47 as pivotal mediators of statin pleiotropy. In turn, statins amplify the anti-atherosclerotic effects of pro-phagocytic therapies independently of any lipid-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Uwe Jarr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Zhongde Ye
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sofie Schmid
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lingfeng Luo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Mozhgan Lotfi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Lopez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anne V. Eberhard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (DZHK partner site Munich Heart Alliance)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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10
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Abstract
Venous disease is a term that broadly covers both venous thromboembolic disease and chronic venous disease. The basic pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism and chronic venous disease differ as venous thromboembolism results from an imbalance of hemostasis and thrombosis while chronic venous disease occurs in the setting of tissue damage because of prolonged venous hypertension. Both diseases are common and account for significant mortality and morbidity, respectively, and collectively make up a large health care burden. Despite both diseases having well-characterized environmental components, it has been known for decades that family history is an important risk factor, implicating a genetic element to a patient's risk. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases has greatly benefited from an expansion of population genetic studies from pioneering familial studies to large genome-wide association studies; we now have multiple risk loci for each venous disease. In this review, we will highlight the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology and genetics of venous thromboembolism and chronic venous disease and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Baylis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Nicholas L. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA 98101, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle WA 98108, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eri Fukaya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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11
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Newman AAC, Serbulea V, Baylis RA, Shankman LS, Bradley X, Alencar GF, Owsiany K, Deaton RA, Karnewar S, Shamsuzzaman S, Salamon A, Reddy MS, Guo L, Finn A, Virmani R, Cherepanova OA, Owens GK. Multiple cell types contribute to the atherosclerotic lesion fibrous cap by PDGFRβ and bioenergetic mechanisms. Nat Metab 2021; 3:166-181. [PMID: 33619382 PMCID: PMC7905710 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by a thick, extracellular matrix-rich fibrous cap populated by protective ACTA2+ myofibroblast (MF)-like cells, assumed to be almost exclusively derived from smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Herein, we show that in murine and human lesions, 20% to 40% of ACTA2+ fibrous cap cells, respectively, are derived from non-SMC sources, including endothelial cells (ECs) or macrophages that have undergone an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) or a macrophage-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT). In addition, we show that SMC-specific knockout of the Pdgfrb gene, which encodes platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), in Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet for 18 weeks resulted in brachiocephalic artery lesions nearly devoid of SMCs but with no changes in lesion size, remodelling or indices of stability, including the percentage of ACTA2+ fibrous cap cells. However, prolonged Western diet feeding of SMC Pdgfrb-knockout mice resulted in reduced indices of stability, indicating that EndoMT- and MMT-derived MFs cannot compensate indefinitely for loss of SMC-derived MFs. Using single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing analyses of the brachiocephalic artery region and in vitro models, we provide evidence that SMC-to-MF transitions are induced by PDGF and transforming growth factor-β and dependent on aerobic glycolysis, while EndoMT is induced by interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β. Together, we provide evidence that the ACTA2+ fibrous cap originates from a tapestry of cell types, which transition to an MF-like state through distinct signalling pathways that are either dependent on or associated with extensive metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A C Newman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Laura S Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xenia Bradley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katherine Owsiany
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sohel Shamsuzzaman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anita Salamon
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mahima S Reddy
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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12
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Alencar GF, Owsiany KM, Karnewar S, Sukhavasi K, Mocci G, Nguyen AT, Williams CM, Shamsuzzaman S, Mokry M, Henderson CA, Haskins R, Baylis RA, Finn AV, McNamara CA, Zunder ER, Venkata V, Pasterkamp G, Björkegren J, Bekiranov S, Owens GK. Stem Cell Pluripotency Genes Klf4 and Oct4 Regulate Complex SMC Phenotypic Changes Critical in Late-Stage Atherosclerotic Lesion Pathogenesis. Circulation 2020; 142:2045-2059. [PMID: 32674599 PMCID: PMC7682794 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Rupture and erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions with a resultant myocardial infarction or stroke are the leading worldwide cause of death. However, we have a limited understanding of the identity, origin, and function of many cells that make up late-stage atherosclerotic lesions, as well as the mechanisms by which they control plaque stability. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing of advanced human carotid endarterectomy samples and compared these with single-cell RNA sequencing from murine microdissected advanced atherosclerotic lesions with smooth muscle cell (SMC) and endothelial lineage tracing to survey all plaque cell types and rigorously determine their origin. We further used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), bulk RNA sequencing, and an innovative dual lineage tracing mouse to understand the mechanism by which SMC phenotypic transitions affect lesion pathogenesis. Results: We provide evidence that SMC-specific Klf4- versus Oct4-knockout showed virtually opposite genomic signatures, and their putative target genes play an important role regulating SMC phenotypic changes. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed remarkable similarity of transcriptomic clusters between mouse and human lesions and extensive plasticity of SMC- and endothelial cell-derived cells including 7 distinct clusters, most negative for traditional markers. In particular, SMC contributed to a Myh11-, Lgals3+ population with a chondrocyte-like gene signature that was markedly reduced with SMC-Klf4 knockout. We observed that SMCs that activate Lgals3 compose up to two thirds of all SMC in lesions. However, initial activation of Lgals3 in these cells does not represent conversion to a terminally differentiated state, but rather represents transition of these cells to a unique stem cell marker gene–positive, extracellular matrix-remodeling, “pioneer” cell phenotype that is the first to invest within lesions and subsequently gives rise to at least 3 other SMC phenotypes within advanced lesions, including Klf4-dependent osteogenic phenotypes likely to contribute to plaque calcification and plaque destabilization. Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide evidence that SMC-derived cells within advanced mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions exhibit far greater phenotypic plasticity than generally believed, with Klf4 regulating transition to multiple phenotypes including Lgals3+ osteogenic cells likely to be detrimental for late-stage atherosclerosis plaque pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Katherine M Owsiany
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | - Giuseppe Mocci
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (G.M., V.V., J.B.)
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Corey M Williams
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.M.W., E.R.Z.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Sohel Shamsuzzaman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy (M.M., G.P.), University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology (M.M.), University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher A Henderson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ryan Haskins
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (A.V.F.)
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Eli R Zunder
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.M.W., E.R.Z.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Vamsidhar Venkata
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (G.M., V.V., J.B.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy (M.M., G.P.), University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Björkegren
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (G.M., V.V., J.B.).,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology (J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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13
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Hess DL, Kelly-Goss MR, Cherepanova OA, Nguyen AT, Baylis RA, Tkachenko S, Annex BH, Peirce SM, Owens GK. Perivascular cell-specific knockout of the stem cell pluripotency gene Oct4 inhibits angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:967. [PMID: 30814500 PMCID: PMC6393549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell pluripotency factor Oct4 serves a critical protective role during atherosclerotic plaque development by promoting smooth muscle cell (SMC) investment. Here, we show using Myh11-CreERT2 lineage-tracing with inducible SMC and pericyte (SMC-P) knockout of Oct4 that Oct4 regulates perivascular cell migration and recruitment during angiogenesis. Knockout of Oct4 in perivascular cells significantly impairs perivascular cell migration, increases perivascular cell death, delays endothelial cell migration, and promotes vascular leakage following corneal angiogenic stimulus. Knockout of Oct4 in perivascular cells also impairs perfusion recovery and decreases angiogenesis following hindlimb ischemia. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that expression of the migratory gene Slit3 is reduced following loss of Oct4 in cultured SMCs, and in Oct4-deficient perivascular cells in ischemic hindlimb muscle. Together, these results provide evidence that Oct4 plays an essential role within perivascular cells in injury- and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Hess
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Molly R Kelly-Goss
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB50, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, JJN3-01, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Baylis
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (R.A.B., D.G., G.K.O.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (D.G., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Delphine Gomez
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (R.A.B., D.G., G.K.O.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (D.G., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gary K Owens
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (R.A.B., D.G., G.K.O.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (D.G., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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15
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Mahan S, Liu M, Baylis RA, Gomez D. Quantitative Analysis of Cellular Composition in Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions of Smooth Muscle Cell Lineage-Tracing Mice. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30855565 DOI: 10.3791/59139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of death worldwide and, despite countless preclinical studies describing promising therapeutic targets, novel interventions have remained elusive. This is likely due, in part, to a reliance on preclinical prevention models investigating the effects of genetic manipulations or pharmacological treatments on atherosclerosis development rather than the established disease. Also, results of these studies are often confounding because of the use of superficial lesion analyses and a lack of characterization of lesion cell populations. To help overcome these translational hurdles, we propose an increased reliance on intervention models that employ investigation of changes in cellular composition at a single cell level by immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy. To this end, we describe a protocol for testing a putative therapeutic agent in a murine intervention model including a systematic approach for animal dissection, embedding, sectioning, staining, and quantification of brachiocephalic artery lesions. In addition, due to the phenotypic diversity of cells within late-stage atherosclerotic lesions, we describe the importance of using cell-specific, inducible lineage tracing mouse systems and how this can be leveraged for unbiased characterization of atherosclerotic lesion cell populations. Together, these strategies may assist vascular biologists to more accurately model therapeutic interventions and analyze atherosclerotic disease and will hopefully translate into a higher rate of success in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Mahan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine;
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16
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Newman AA, Baylis RA, Hess DL, Griffith SD, Shankman LS, Cherepanova OA, Owens GK. Irradiation abolishes smooth muscle investment into vascular lesions in specific vascular beds. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121017. [PMID: 30089722 PMCID: PMC6129122 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term adverse effects of radiotherapy on cardiovascular disease are well documented. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this increased risk are poorly understood. Previous studies using rigorous smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage tracing have shown abundant SMC investment into atherosclerotic lesions, where SMCs contribute to the formation of a protective fibrous cap. Studies herein tested whether radiation impairs protective adaptive SMC responses during vascular disease. To do this, we exposed SMC lineage tracing (Myh11-ERT2Cre YFP+) mice to lethal radiation (1,200 cGy) followed by bone marrow transplantation prior to atherosclerosis development or vessel injury. Surprisingly, following irradiation, we observed a complete loss of SMC investment in 100% of brachiocephalic artery (BCA), carotid artery, and aortic arch lesions. Importantly, this was associated with a decrease in multiple indices of atherosclerotic lesion stability within the BCA. Interestingly, we observed anatomic heterogeneity, as SMCs accumulated normally into lesions of the aortic root and abdominal aorta, suggesting that SMC sensitivity to lethal irradiation occurs in blood vessels of neural crest origin. Taken together, these results reveal an undefined and unintended variable in previous studies using lethal irradiation and may help explain why patients exposed to radiation have increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/radiation effects
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Bone Marrow/radiation effects
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/pathology
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/radiation effects
- Cell Differentiation/radiation effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/radiation effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/radiation effects
- Whole-Body Irradiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A.C. Newman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and
| | - Daniel L. Hess
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and
| | - Steven D. Griffith
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and
| | - Laura S. Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Olga A. Cherepanova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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17
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Gomez D, Baylis RA, Durgin BG, Newman AAC, Alencar GF, Mahan S, St Hilaire C, Müller W, Waisman A, Francis SE, Pinteaux E, Randolph GJ, Gram H, Owens GK. Interleukin-1β has atheroprotective effects in advanced atherosclerotic lesions of mice. Nat Med 2018; 24:1418-1429. [PMID: 30038218 PMCID: PMC6130822 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, our understanding of the processes controlling late-stage atherosclerotic plaque stability remains poor. Although a prevailing hypothesis is that reducing inflammation may improve advanced plaque stability, direct evidence of this is lacking. Therefore, we performed intervention studies on smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage tracing Apoe−/− mice with advanced atherosclerosis using anti-IL-1β or IgG control antibodies. Surprisingly, we found that IL-1β antibody treatment between 18 and 26 weeks of Western diet feeding induced a marked reduction in SMC and collagen content, but increased macrophage number in the fibrous cap. There was also no change in lesion size and complete inhibition of beneficial outward remodeling. We also found that SMC-specific Il1r1 KO resulted in smaller lesions nearly devoid of SMC and a fibrous cap whereas macrophage-selective loss of IL-1R1 had no effect on lesion size or composition. Taken together, results show that IL-1β promotes multiple beneficial changes in late-stage murine atherosclerosis including promoting outward remodeling and formation and maintenance of a SMC/collagen-rich fibrous cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gomez
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brittany G Durgin
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alexandra A C Newman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sidney Mahan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sheila E Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hermann Gram
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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18
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Baylis RA, Gomez D, Mallat Z, Pasterkamp G, Owens GK. The CANTOS Trial: One Important Step for Clinical Cardiology but a Giant Leap for Vascular Biology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e174-e177. [PMID: 28970294 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Baylis
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (R.A.B., G.K.O.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (D.G.), Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (D.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Z.M.); and Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands (G.P.)
| | - Delphine Gomez
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (R.A.B., G.K.O.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (D.G.), Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (D.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Z.M.); and Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands (G.P.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (R.A.B., G.K.O.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (D.G.), Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (D.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Z.M.); and Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands (G.P.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (R.A.B., G.K.O.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (D.G.), Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (D.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Z.M.); and Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands (G.P.)
| | - Gary K Owens
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (R.A.B., G.K.O.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (D.G.), Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (D.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Z.M.); and Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands (G.P.).
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19
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Peske JD, Thompson ED, Gemta L, Baylis RA, Fu YX, Engelhard VH. Effector lymphocyte-induced lymph node-like vasculature enables naive T-cell entry into tumours and enhanced anti-tumour immunity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7114. [PMID: 25968334 PMCID: PMC4435831 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of lymph node (LN)-like vasculature in tumors, characterized by expression of peripheral node addressin and chemokine CCL21, is correlated with T-cell infiltration and positive prognosis in breast cancer and melanoma patients. However, mechanisms controlling the development of LN-like vasculature and how it might contribute to a beneficial outcome for cancer patients are unknown. Here we demonstrate that LN-like vasculature is present in murine models of melanoma and lung carcinoma. It enables infiltration by naïve T-cells that significantly delay tumor outgrowth after intratumoral activation. Development of this vasculature is controlled by a mechanism involving effector CD8 T-cells and NK cells that secrete LTα3 and IFNγ. LN-like vasculature is also associated with organized aggregates of B-lymphocytes and gp38+ fibroblasts that resemble tertiary lymphoid organs that develop in models of chronic inflammation. These results establish LN-like vasculature as both a consequence of and key contributor to anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Peske
- Department of Microbiology and Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Box 801386, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Box 801386, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - Lelisa Gemta
- Department of Microbiology and Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Box 801386, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Department of Microbiology and Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Box 801386, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Department of Microbiology and Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Box 801386, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
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