1
|
Analuddin K, Sharma S, Kadidae LO, Haya LOMY, Septiana A, Rahim S, Syahrir L, Aba L, Fajar LOA, MacKenzie RA, Nadaoka K. Blue carbon stock in sediments of mangroves and seagrass ecosystems at Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahadev Sharma
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - La Ode Kadidae
- Chemistry Department Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia
| | | | - Andi Septiana
- Biotechnology Department Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia
| | - Saban Rahim
- Geography Department Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia
| | - La Syahrir
- Fisheries Science Postgraduate Program Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia
| | - La Aba
- Physics Department Halu Oleo University Kendari Indonesia
| | - La Ode Abdul Fajar
- Marine Science Department Sembilanbelas November University Kolaka Indonesia
| | | | - Kazuo Nadaoka
- Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Strauch AM, Tingley RW, Hsiao J, Foulk PB, Frauendorf TC, MacKenzie RA, Infante DM. Population response to connectivity restoration of high elevation tropical stream reaches in Hawai'i. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayron M. Strauch
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management Honolulu Hawaii USA
- State of Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Commission on Water Resource Management Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Ralph W. Tingley
- Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife East Lansing Michigan USA
- Great Lakes Science Center US Geological Survey Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Janet Hsiao
- Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Patra B. Foulk
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Center, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Hilo Hawaii USA
| | - Therese C. Frauendorf
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Richard A. MacKenzie
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Center, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Hilo Hawaii USA
| | - Dana M. Infante
- Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife East Lansing Michigan USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Woltz VL, Peneva-Reed EI, Zhu Z, Bullock EL, MacKenzie RA, Apwong M, Krauss KW, Gesch DB. A comprehensive assessment of mangrove species and carbon stock on Pohnpei, Micronesia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271589. [PMID: 35862406 PMCID: PMC9302747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests are the most important ecosystems on Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia, as the island communities of the central Pacific rely on the forests for many essential services including protection from sea-level rise that is occurring at a greater pace than the global average. As part of a multi-component assessment to evaluate vulnerabilities of mangrove forests on Pohnpei, mangrove forests were mapped at two points in time: 1983 and 2018. In 2018, the island had 6,426 ha of mangrove forest. Change analysis indicated a slight (0.76%) increase of mangrove area between 1983 and 2018, contrasting with global mangrove area declines. Forest structure and aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks were inventoried using a systematic sampling of field survey plots and extrapolated to the island using k-nearest neighbor and random forest species models. A gridded or wall to wall approach is suggested when possible for defining carbon stocks of a large area due to high variability seen in our data. The k-nearest neighbor model performed better than random forest models to map species dominance in these forests. Mean AGC was 167 ± 11 MgC ha-1, which is greater than the global average of mangroves (115 ± 7 MgC ha-1) but within their global range (37–255 MgC ha-1) Kauffman et al. (2020). In 2018, Pohnpei mangroves contained over 1.07 million MgC in AGC pools. By assigning the mean AGC stock per species per area to the map, carbon stock distributions were visualized spatially, allowing future conservation efforts to be directed to carbon dense stands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Woltz
- U.S. Geological Survey National Center, Reston, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Zhiliang Zhu
- U.S. Geological Survey National Center, Reston, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Eric L. Bullock
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard A. MacKenzie
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Maybeleen Apwong
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dean B. Gesch
- U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma S, Suwa R, Ray R, Rozaimi M, MacKenzie RA, Nakaoka M. Preface: Blue carbon studies in
Asia‐Pacific
regions: Current status, gaps, and future perspectives. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahadev Sharma
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Rempei Suwa
- Japan International Research Center Agricultural Sciences Tsukuba Japan
| | - Raghab Ray
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Mohammad Rozaimi
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Masahiro Nakaoka
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Akkeshi Hokkaido Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kauffman JB, Adame MF, Arifanti VB, Schile‐Beers LM, Bernardino AF, Bhomia RK, Donato DC, Feller IC, Ferreira TO, Jesus Garcia MDC, MacKenzie RA, Megonigal JP, Murdiyarso D, Simpson L, Hernández Trejo H. Total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangroves across broad global environmental and physical gradients. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Boone Kauffman
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Adame
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Virni Budi Arifanti
- Center for Research and Development of Social, Economy, Policy and Climate Change (P3SEKPI) Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor 16118 Indonesia
| | - Lisa M. Schile‐Beers
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland 21037 USA
- Silvestrum Climate Associates San Francisco California 94103 USA
| | - Angelo F. Bernardino
- Departamento de Oceanografia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Vitória Espírito Santo 29075‐910 Brazil
| | - Rupesh K. Bhomia
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR Situgede Bogor 16115 Indonesia
| | - Daniel C. Donato
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Ilka C. Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland 21037 USA
| | - Tiago O. Ferreira
- Soil Science Department Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Richard A. MacKenzie
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Pacific Southwest Research Center U.S. Forest Service Hilo Hawaii 96720 USA
| | | | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR Situgede Bogor 16115 Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology Bogor Agricultural University Bogor 16680 Indonesia
| | - Lorae Simpson
- Department of Biology University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama 35487 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma S, MacKenzie RA, Tieng T, Soben K, Tulyasuwan N, Resanond A, Blate G, Litton CM. The impacts of degradation, deforestation and restoration on mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks across Cambodia. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135416. [PMID: 31855647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forest conservation can help reduce global C emissions. Despite this benefit to climate change mitigation and adaptation, mangrove forests are being deforested or degraded at an alarming rate, though restoration efforts may offset these losses. The impacts of deforestation to C stocks are relatively intuitive and result in significant decreases in C stocks. It remains unclear how degradation from selective harvesting of trees affects C stocks or how effective restoration efforts are at restoring C stocks. Furthermore, total ecosystem C (TEC) stocks of pristine mangroves can significantly vary spatially. To address these issues, we conducted an intensive, national assessment of mangrove forests across Cambodia using a grid approach to: 1) examine how land use land cover (i.e., pristine, deforested, degraded, and restored forests) impacts TEC stocks, and 2) how TEC stocks vary spatially across the country. TEC stocks from deforested mangroves were always lower than pristine forests, resulting in an overall loss of 60% C (480 Mg C ha-1). However, TEC stocks from degraded and 25-year-old restored mangroves forests did not differ from pristine forests. Mean TEC in mangroves was 784.7 ± 30.1 Mg C ha-1, decreasing from 957.2 ± 32.8 Mg C ha-1 in the northern region to 628.9 ± 33.1 Mg C ha-1 in the central region to 386.2 ± 19.1 Mg C ha-1 in the southern region of Cambodia. Intensive sampling in mangroves across Cambodia verified impacts of deforestation reported elsewhere, revealed the lack of degradation impacts on TEC stocks, and demonstrated the effectiveness of restoration on TEC stocks after only 25 years. Our gridded sampling approach was able to capture spatial variability across Cambodia and provide a more realistic TEC stock information that can be used for national reporting or participation in C markets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahadev Sharma
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Richard A MacKenzie
- USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 60 Nowelo St., Hilo, HI, USA.
| | - Thida Tieng
- Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kim Soben
- Royal University of Agriculture, Khan Dangkor, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | | | | | | | - Creighton M Litton
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soper FM, MacKenzie RA, Sharma S, Cole TG, Litton CM, Sparks JP. Non-native mangroves support carbon storage, sediment carbon burial, and accretion of coastal ecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:4315-4326. [PMID: 31465581 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests play an important role in climate change adaptation and mitigation by maintaining coastline elevations relative to sea level rise, protecting coastal infrastructure from storm damage, and storing substantial quantities of carbon (C) in live and detrital pools. Determining the efficacy of mangroves in achieving climate goals can be complicated by difficulty in quantifying C inputs (i.e., differentiating newer inputs from younger trees from older residual C pools), and mitigation assessments rarely consider potential offsets to CO2 storage by methane (CH4 ) production in mangrove sediments. The establishment of non-native Rhizophora mangle along Hawaiian coastlines over the last century offers an opportunity to examine the role mangroves play in climate mitigation and adaptation both globally and locally as novel ecosystems. We quantified total ecosystem C storage, sedimentation, accretion, sediment organic C burial and CH4 emissions from ~70 year old R. mangle stands and adjacent uninvaded mudflats. Ecosystem C stocks of mangrove stands exceeded mudflats by 434 ± 33 Mg C/ha, and mangrove establishment increased average coastal accretion by 460%. Sediment organic C burial increased 10-fold (to 4.5 Mg C ha-1 year-1 ), double the global mean for old growth mangrove forests, suggesting that C accumulation from younger trees may occur faster than previously thought, with implications for mangrove restoration. Simulations indicate that increased CH4 emissions from sediments offset ecosystem CO2 storage by only 2%-4%, equivalent to 30-60 Mg CO2 -eq/ha over mangrove lifetime (100 year sustained global warming potential). Results highlight the importance of mangroves as novel systems that can rapidly accumulate C, have a net positive atmospheric greenhouse gas removal effect, and support shoreline accretion rates that outpace current sea level rise. Sequestration potential of novel mangrove forests should be taken into account when considering their removal or management, especially in the context of climate mitigation goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Soper
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard A MacKenzie
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Sahadev Sharma
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Thomas G Cole
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Creighton M Litton
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jed P Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frauendorf TC, MacKenzie RA, Tingley RW, Frazier AG, Riney MH, El-Sabaawi RW. Evaluating ecosystem effects of climate change on tropical island streams using high spatial and temporal resolution sampling regimes. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1344-1357. [PMID: 30712279 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to alter precipitation patterns worldwide, which will affect streamflow in riverine ecosystems. It is vital to understand the impacts of projected flow variations, especially in tropical regions where the effects of climate change are expected to be one of the earliest to emerge. Space-for-time substitutions have been successful at predicting effects of climate change in terrestrial systems by using a spatial gradient to mimic the projected temporal change. However, concerns have been raised that the spatial variability in these models might not reflect the temporal variability. We utilized a well-constrained rainfall gradient on Hawaii Island to determine (a) how predicted decreases in flow and increases in flow variability affect stream food resources and consumers and (b) if using a high temporal (monthly, four streams) or a high spatial (annual, eight streams) resolution sampling scheme would alter the results of a space-for-time substitution. Declines in benthic and suspended resource quantity (10- to 40-fold) and quality (shift from macrophyte to leaf litter dominated) contributed to 35-fold decreases in macroinvertebrate biomass with predicted changes in the magnitude and variability in the flow. Invertebrate composition switched from caddisflies and damselflies to taxa with faster turnover rates (mosquitoes, copepods). Changes in resource and consumer composition patterns were stronger with high temporal resolution sampling. However, trends and ranges of results did not differ between the two sampling regimes, indicating that a suitable, well-constrained spatial gradient is an appropriate tool for examining temporal change. Our study is the first to investigate resource to community wide effects of climate change on tropical streams on a spatial and temporal scale. We determined that predicted flow alterations would decrease stream resource and consumer quantity and quality, which can alter stream function, as well as biomass and habitat for freshwater, marine, and terrestrial consumers dependent on these resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therese C Frauendorf
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard A MacKenzie
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii
| | - Ralph W Tingley
- Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Michael H Riney
- Shasta Valley Resource Conservation District, Yreka, California
| | - Rana W El-Sabaawi
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Strauch AM, Giardina CP, MacKenzie RA, Heider C, Giambelluca TW, Salminen E, Bruland GL. Erratum to: Modeled Effects of Climate Change and Plant Invasion on Watershed Function Across a Steep Tropical Rainfall Gradient. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Dudley BD, MacKenzie RA, Sakihara TS, Riney MH, Ostertag R. Effects of invasion at two trophic levels on diet, body condition, and population size structure of Hawaiian red shrimp. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D. Dudley
- Department of Biology; University of Hawai‛i at Hilo; 200 West Kawili Street Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| | - Richard A. MacKenzie
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry; USDA Forest Service; 60 Nowelo Street Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| | - Troy S. Sakihara
- Division of Aquatic Resources; Department of Land and Natural Resources; State of Hawai‛i; 1160 Kamehameha Avenue Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| | - Michael H. Riney
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry; USDA Forest Service; 60 Nowelo Street Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology; University of Hawai‛i at Hilo; 200 West Kawili Street Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhomia RK, MacKenzie RA, Murdiyarso D, Sasmito SD, Purbopuspito J. Impacts of land use on Indian mangrove forest carbon stocks: Implications for conservation and management. Ecol Appl 2016; 26:1396-1408. [PMID: 27755754 DOI: 10.1890/15-2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, mangrove forests represents only 0.7% of world's tropical forested area but are highly threatened due to susceptibility to climate change, sea level rise, and increasing pressures from human population growth in coastal regions. Our study was carried out in the Bhitarkanika Conservation Area (BCA), the second-largest mangrove area in eastern India. We assessed total ecosystem carbon (C) stocks at four land use types representing varying degree of disturbances. Ranked in order of increasing impacts, these sites included dense mangrove forests, scrub mangroves, restored/planted mangroves, and abandoned aquaculture ponds. These impacts include both natural and/or anthropogenic disturbances causing stress, degradation, and destruction of mangroves. Mean vegetation C stocks (including both above- and belowground pools; mean ± standard error) in aquaculture, planted, scrub, and dense mangroves were 0, 7 ± 4, 65 ± 11 and 100 ± 11 Mg C/ha, respectively. Average soil C pools for aquaculture, planted, scrub, and dense mangroves were 61 ± 8, 92 ± 20, 177 ± 14, and 134 ± 17 Mg C/ha, respectively. Mangrove soils constituted largest fraction of total ecosystem C stocks at all sampled sites (aquaculture [100%], planted [90%], scrub [72%], and dense mangrove [57%]). Within BCA, the four studied land use types covered an area of ~167 km2 and the total ecosystem C stocks were 0.07 Tg C for aquaculture (~12 km2 ), 0.25 Tg C for planted/ restored mangrove (~24 km2 ), 2.29 teragrams (Tg) Tg C for scrub (~93 km2 ), and 0.89 Tg C for dense mangroves (~38 km2 ). Although BCA is protected under Indian wildlife protection and conservation laws, ~150 000 people inhabit this area and are directly or indirectly dependent on mangrove resources for sustenance. Estimates of C stocks of Bhitarkanika mangroves and recognition of their role as a C repository could provide an additional reason to support conservation and restoration of Bhitarkanika mangroves. Harvesting or destructive exploitation of mangroves by local communities for economic gains can potentially be minimized by enabling these communities to avail themselves of carbon offset/conservation payments under approved climate change mitigation strategies and actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Bhomia
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia
| | - R A MacKenzie
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - D Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16152, Indonesia
| | - S D Sasmito
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia
| | - J Purbopuspito
- Soil Science Department, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Kleak-Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Holitzki TM, MacKenzie RA, Wiegner TN, McDermid KJ. Differences in ecological structure, function, and native species abundance between native and invaded Hawaiian streams. Ecol Appl 2013; 23:1367-1383. [PMID: 24147409 DOI: 10.1890/12-0529.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Poeciliids, one of the most invasive species worldwide, are found on almost every continent and have been identified as an "invasive species of concern" in the United States, New Zealand, and Australia. Despite their global prevalence, few studies have quantified their impacts on tropical stream ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity. Utilizing Hawaiian streams as model ecosystems, we documented how ecological structure, function, and native species abundance differed between poeciliid-free and poeciliid-invaded tropical streams. Stream nutrient yields, benthic biofilm biomass, densities of macroinvertebrates and fish, and community structures of benthic algae, macroinvertebrates, and fish were compared between streams with and without established poeciliid populations on the island of Hawai'i, Hawaii, USA. Sum nitrate (sigmaNO3(-) = NO3(-) + NO2(-)), total nitrogen, and total organic carbon yields were eight times, six times, and five times higher, respectively, in poeciliid streams than in poeciliid-free streams. Benthic biofilm ash-free dry mass was 1.5x higher in poeciliid streams than in poeciliid-free streams. Percentage contributions of chironomids and hydroptilid caddisflies to macroinvertebrate densities were lower in poeciliid streams compared to poeciliid-free streams, while percentage contributions of Cheumatopsyche analis caddisflies, Dugesia sp. flatworms, and oligochaetes were higher. Additionally, mean densities of native gobies were two times lower in poeciliid streams than in poeciliid-free ones, with poeciliid densities being approximately eight times higher than native fish densities. Our results, coupled with the wide distribution of invasive poeciliids across Hawaii and elsewhere in the tropics, suggest that poeciliids may negatively impact the ecosystem structure, function, and native species abundance of tropical streams they invade. This underscores the need for increased public awareness to prevent future introductions and for developing and implementing effective eradication and restoration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Holitzki
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Abstract
Inter- and intra-site comparisons of the nitrogen (N) stable isotope composition of wetland plant species have been used to identify sources of N in coastal areas. In this study, we compared delta(15)N values from different herbaceous wetland plants across 34 different coastal wetlands from the five main Hawaiian Islands and investigated relationships of delta(15)N with land use, human population density, and surface water quality parameters (i.e., nitrate, ammonium, and total dissolved N). The highest delta(15)N values were observed in plants from wetlands on the islands of Oahu (8.7-14.6 per thousand) and Maui (8.9-9.2 per thousand), whereas plants from wetlands on the islands of Kauai, Hawaii, and Molokai had delta(15)N values usually <4 per thousand. The enrichment in delta(15)N values in plant tissues from wetlands on Oahu and Maui was most likely a result of the more developed and densely populated watersheds on these two islands. Urban development within a 1000-m radius and population density were positively correlated to average delta(15)N vegetation values from each wetland site (r = 0.56 and 0.51, respectively; p < 0.001). This suggested that site mean delta(15)N values from mixed stands of wetland plants have potential as indices of N sources in coastal lowland wetlands in Hawaii and that certain sites on Oahu and Maui have experienced significant anthropogenic N loading. This information can be used to monitor future changes in N inputs to coastal wetlands throughout Hawaii and the Pacific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Bruland
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management Dep., Univ. of Hawaii Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Sherman Lab. 101, Honolulu, HI 96822.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
MacKenzie RA. Northern Range Extension for Goeldichironomus devineyae (Insecta: Diptera). Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2003. [DOI: 10.2307/3858663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED The frequency of perioperative vision loss, especially for spinal surgery, has been increasing recently. We undertook a retrospective study to determine the frequency of this outcome in a large surgical population receiving general or central neuraxis regional anesthesia for noncardiac procedures from 1986 to 1998. Specific criteria were used to separate cases in which the surgical procedure likely directly contributed to the vision loss. Vision loss was present if any part of the visual field was affected. Initial database screening found 405 cases of new-onset vision loss or visual changes in 410,189 patients who underwent 501,342 anesthetics and who survived at least 30 days after their final procedures. Two hundred sixteen of these patients regained full vision or acuity within 30 days. Of the 189 patients who developed vision deficits for longer than 30 days, 185 underwent ophthalmologic or neurologic procedures in which ocular or cerebral tissues were surgically damaged or resected. The remaining 4 patients (1 per 125,234 overall; 0.0008%) developed prolonged vision loss without direct surgical trauma to optic or cerebral tissues. In this large study population of noncardiac surgical patients, including those who underwent spinal surgical procedures, the frequency of perioperative vision loss persisting for longer than 30 days was very small. IMPLICATIONS Vision loss and blindness after surgery and anesthesia is a very rare event. In this study, only one per 125,234 patients undergoing noncardiac surgery developed vision loss persisting for longer than 30 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
MacKenzie RA. Nurse anesthetist: advantages and pitfalls. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2001; 51:239-43. [PMID: 11129627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
20
|
Reutens DC, Bye AM, Hopkins IJ, Danks A, Somerville E, Walsh J, Bleasel A, Ouvrier R, MacKenzie RA, Manson JI. Corpus callosotomy for intractable epilepsy: seizure outcome and prognostic factors. Epilepsia 1993; 34:904-9. [PMID: 8404745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed the outcome of corpus callosal section in 64 adult and pediatric patients to identify factors associated with a good outcome: 48% of patients had a favorable outcome for overall seizure frequency. Improvement was noted in several seizure types and was most likely for drop attacks, particularly in the setting of a unilateral focal cerebral lesion or a true generalized epilepsy of Lennox-Gastaut type. Poor outcomes for drop attacks were more likely if there was associated severe intellectual handicap or bilateral independent spikes on interictal EEG. Complex partial seizures (CPS), most commonly of frontal lobe origin, also responded favorably. The complications of callosal section were usually mild and transient. New focal seizures occurred in only 2 patients and were not as frequent or disabling as preoperative seizures types. A worthwhile improvement in seizure outcome was achieved by completion of the callosotomy in 6 of 10 patients with unsatisfactory results from anterior callosotomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Reutens
- Department of Neurology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Phillips TW, Aitken GK, MacKenzie RA. Sulphur colloid bone scan assessment of femoral head vascularity following subcapital fracture of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1986:52-4. [PMID: 3720139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The study was done to determine femoral head vascularity in the immediate postfracture stage as assessed by 99m Tc-sulphur colloid bone scanning and tetracycline uptake in the excised femoral heads of 30 patients with subcapital fractures treated by primary hemiarthroplasty. Twenty-four cases were diagnosed avascular by the scan, and this was confirmed by the absence of tetracycline labelling in all 24. Two cases were vascular by the scan, and this was confirmed by tetracycline labelling. The scan was inaccurate in only four cases, where the head appeared vascular by the scan, but avascular by tetracycline labelling. Sulphur colloid is helpful in predicting femoral head vascularity in the immediate postfracture phase.
Collapse
|
22
|
Fromme GA, MacKenzie RA, Gould AB, Lund BA, Offord KP. Controlled hypotension for orthognathic surgery. Anesth Analg 1986; 65:683-6. [PMID: 3706806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
23
|
Hogan DB, Anderson C, MacKenzie RA, Crilly RG. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia complicating von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis: increase in spinal density on treatment. Bone 1986; 7:9-12. [PMID: 3083847 DOI: 10.1016/8756-3282(86)90145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A 62-year-old white male with neurofibromatosis presented with multiple fractures and bone pain. He was found to have hypophosphatemic osteomalacia secondary to a renal tubular phosphate leak and was treated with phosphate, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and calcium. With treatment, his dual photon vertebral bone density increased markedly over 12 months. Repeat iliac crest bone biopsies showed that improvement in bone histology was predominantly cortical. This suggests that dual photon absorptiometry of the spine may be markedly influenced by changes in cortical bone status.
Collapse
|
24
|
Glenski JA, MacKenzie RA, Maragos NE, Southorn PA. Assessing tidal volume and detecting hyperinflation during Venturi jet ventilation for microlaryngeal surgery. Anesthesiology 1985; 63:554-7. [PMID: 4051219 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-198511000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
25
|
Abstract
Four adults patients who experienced an ipsilateral hemispheric deficit 6 to 8 weeks after having developed herpes zoster ophthalmicus were seen during a six-month period. All four patients underwent full-circle angiography, including study of the extracranial arteries in the three older patients. Each examination demonstrated areas of segmental constriction of arteries on the ipsilateral side; two locations that were especially affected were the A2 segment of the pericallosal artery beneath the genu of the corpus callosum and the M4 segment of the middle cerebral artery. The cerebral arteries of the opposite hemisphere and the extracranial vessels did not contain demonstrable abnormalities. Pathological studies suggest that patients with this syndrome may have a necrotizing arteritis of ipsilateral blood vessels; in patients with disseminated zoster, a granulomatous angiitis of cerebral blood vessels has been found. We propose that the pattern of angiographic abnormalities described here is characteristic of herpes zoster arteritis; furthermore, the distribution pattern of the lesions suggests that the virus may spread to these arteries via branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
Collapse
|
26
|
MacKenzie RA, Embil JA. A prospective study for hemagglutination antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in a prenatal group in Halifax, Nova Scótia. Can J Public Health 1974; 65:375-7. [PMID: 4447917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
27
|
Embil JA, Haldane EV, MacKenzie RA, van Rooyen CE. Prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in a normal urban population in Nova Scotia. Can Med Assoc J 1969; 101:78-81. [PMID: 4311998 PMCID: PMC1946419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During 1967 and 1968 a seroepidemiological survey was conducted on the prevalence of CF antibodies to CMV in the normal population of the Halifax-Dartmouth metropolitan area of Nova Scotia. Samples of 550 sera, collected from all age groups, including newborns, were processed. At birth, 34% of infants possess antibodies, presumably of maternal origin, and there follows a decline until at 2 years of age only 4% of children exhibit evidence of infection. There is a gradual increase up to 16% by 20 years of age, and thereafter this is maintained until by 40+ years half the population possesses antibodies.A more detailed analysis of cord sera indicated that approximately 60% of women of childbearing age possess no antibodies and are susceptible to primary CMV infection. Among these, age and gravidity are not significant factors.These data indicate that CMV infection is fairly widespread in this community, although comparative studies suggest that it is less so than in some other areas, such as Easter Island, where a more homogeneous pattern of overcrowding and poor sacioeconomic conditions prevails.
Collapse
|