1
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Naponiello L, Mancini L, Sozzetti A, Bonomo AS, Morbidelli A, Dou J, Zeng L, Leinhardt ZM, Biazzo K, Cubillos PE, Pinamonti M, Locci D, Maggio A, Damasso M, Lanza AF, Lissauer JJ, Collins KA, Carter PJ, Jensen ELN, Bignamini A, Boschin W, Bouma LG, Ciardi DR, Cosentino R, Crossfield I, Desidera S, Dumusque X, Fiorenzano AFM, Fukui A, Giacobbe P, Gnilka CL, Ghedina A, Guilluy G, Harutyunyan A, Howell SB, Jenkins JM, Lund MB, Kielkopf JF, Lester KV, Malavolta L, Mann AW, Matson RA, Matthews EC, Nardiello D, Narita N, Pace E, Pagano I, Palle E, Pedani M, Seager S, Schlieder JE, Schwarz RP, Shporer A, Twicken JD, Winn JN, Ziegler C, Zingales T. Author Correction: A super-massive Neptune-sized planet. Nature 2023; 623:E6. [PMID: 37863962 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Naponiello
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Aldo S Bonomo
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morbidelli
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jingyao Dou
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Li Zeng
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zoe M Leinhardt
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katia Biazzo
- INAF - Rome Astronomical Observatory, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Patricio E Cubillos
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniele Locci
- INAF - Palermo Astronomical Observatory, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mario Damasso
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | | | - Jack J Lissauer
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philip J Carter
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eric L N Jensen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | | | - Walter Boschin
- Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luke G Bouma
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David R Ciardi
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Ian Crossfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Xavier Dumusque
- Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | | | - Akihiko Fukui
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paolo Giacobbe
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Crystal L Gnilka
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Gloria Guilluy
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michael B Lund
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - John F Kielkopf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Luca Malavolta
- INAF - Padova Astronomical Observatory, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrew W Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Norio Narita
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Astrobiology Center, Osawa, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Emanuele Pace
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Enric Palle
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marco Pedani
- Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Avi Shporer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Twicken
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Joshua N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Carl Ziegler
- Department of Physics, Engineering & Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Tiziano Zingales
- INAF - Padova Astronomical Observatory, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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2
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Naponiello L, Mancini L, Sozzetti A, Bonomo AS, Morbidelli A, Dou J, Zeng L, Leinhardt ZM, Biazzo K, Cubillos PE, Pinamonti M, Locci D, Maggio A, Damasso M, Lanza AF, Lissauer JJ, Collins KA, Carter PJ, Jensen ELN, Bignamini A, Boschin W, Bouma LG, Ciardi DR, Cosentino R, Crossfield I, Desidera S, Dumusque X, Fiorenzano AFM, Fukui A, Giacobbe P, Gnilka CL, Ghedina A, Guilluy G, Harutyunyan A, Howell SB, Jenkins JM, Lund MB, Kielkopf JF, Lester KV, Malavolta L, Mann AW, Matson RA, Matthews EC, Nardiello D, Narita N, Pace E, Pagano I, Palle E, Pedani M, Seager S, Schlieder JE, Schwarz RP, Shporer A, Twicken JD, Winn JN, Ziegler C, Zingales T. A super-massive Neptune-sized planet. Nature 2023; 622:255-260. [PMID: 37648866 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Neptune-sized planets exhibit a wide range of compositions and densities, depending on factors related to their formation and evolution history, such as the distance from their host stars and atmospheric escape processes. They can vary from relatively low-density planets with thick hydrogen-helium atmospheres1,2 to higher-density planets with a substantial amount of water or a rocky interior with a thinner atmosphere, such as HD 95338 b (ref. 3), TOI-849 b (ref. 4) and TOI-2196 b (ref. 5). The discovery of exoplanets in the hot-Neptune desert6, a region close to the host stars with a deficit of Neptune-sized planets, provides insights into the formation and evolution of planetary systems, including the existence of this region itself. Here we show observations of the transiting planet TOI-1853 b, which has a radius of 3.46 ± 0.08 Earth radii and orbits a dwarf star every 1.24 days. This planet has a mass of 73.2 ± 2.7 Earth masses, almost twice that of any other Neptune-sized planet known so far, and a density of 9.7 ± 0.8 grams per cubic centimetre. These values place TOI-1853 b in the middle of the Neptunian desert and imply that heavy elements dominate its mass. The properties of TOI-1853 b present a puzzle for conventional theories of planetary formation and evolution, and could be the result of several proto-planet collisions or the final state of an initially high-eccentricity planet that migrated closer to its parent star.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Naponiello
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Aldo S Bonomo
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morbidelli
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jingyao Dou
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Li Zeng
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zoe M Leinhardt
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katia Biazzo
- INAF - Rome Astronomical Observatory, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Patricio E Cubillos
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniele Locci
- INAF - Palermo Astronomical Observatory, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mario Damasso
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | | | - Jack J Lissauer
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philip J Carter
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eric L N Jensen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | | | - Walter Boschin
- Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luke G Bouma
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David R Ciardi
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Ian Crossfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Xavier Dumusque
- Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | | | - Akihiko Fukui
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paolo Giacobbe
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Crystal L Gnilka
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Gloria Guilluy
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michael B Lund
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - John F Kielkopf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Luca Malavolta
- INAF - Padova Astronomical Observatory, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrew W Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Norio Narita
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Astrobiology Center, Osawa, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Emanuele Pace
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Enric Palle
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marco Pedani
- Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Avi Shporer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Twicken
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Joshua N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Carl Ziegler
- Department of Physics, Engineering & Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Tiziano Zingales
- INAF - Padova Astronomical Observatory, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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3
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Peterson MS, Benneke B, Collins K, Piaulet C, Crossfield IJM, Ali-Dib M, Christiansen JL, Gagné J, Faherty J, Kite E, Dressing C, Charbonneau D, Murgas F, Cointepas M, Almenara JM, Bonfils X, Kane S, Werner MW, Gorjian V, Roy PA, Shporer A, Pozuelos FJ, Socia QJ, Cloutier R, Dietrich J, Irwin J, Weiss L, Waalkes W, Berta-Thomson Z, Evans T, Apai D, Parviainen H, Pallé E, Narita N, Howard AW, Dragomir D, Barkaoui K, Gillon M, Jehin E, Ducrot E, Benkhaldoun Z, Fukui A, Mori M, Nishiumi T, Kawauchi K, Ricker G, Latham DW, Winn JN, Seager S, Isaacson H, Bixel A, Gibbs A, Jenkins JM, Smith JC, Chavez JP, Rackham BV, Henning T, Gabor P, Chen WP, Espinoza N, Jensen ELN, Collins KI, Schwarz RP, Conti DM, Wang G, Kielkopf JF, Mao S, Horne K, Sefako R, Quinn SN, Moldovan D, Fausnaugh M, Fűűrész G, Barclay T. A temperate Earth-sized planet with tidal heating transiting an M6 star. Nature 2023; 617:701-705. [PMID: 37198481 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Temperate Earth-sized exoplanets around late-M dwarfs offer a rare opportunity to explore under which conditions planets can develop hospitable climate conditions. The small stellar radius amplifies the atmospheric transit signature, making even compact secondary atmospheres dominated by N2 or CO2 amenable to characterization with existing instrumentation1. Yet, despite large planet search efforts2, detection of low-temperature Earth-sized planets around late-M dwarfs has remained rare and the TRAPPIST-1 system, a resonance chain of rocky planets with seemingly identical compositions, has not yet shown any evidence of volatiles in the system3. Here we report the discovery of a temperate Earth-sized planet orbiting the cool M6 dwarf LP 791-18. The newly discovered planet, LP 791-18d, has a radius of 1.03 ± 0.04 R⊕ and an equilibrium temperature of 300-400 K, with the permanent night side plausibly allowing for water condensation. LP 791-18d is part of a coplanar system4 and provides a so-far unique opportunity to investigate a temperate exo-Earth in a system with a sub-Neptune that retained its gas or volatile envelope. On the basis of observations of transit timing variations, we find a mass of 7.1 ± 0.7 M⊕ for the sub-Neptune LP 791-18c and a mass of [Formula: see text] for the exo-Earth LP 791-18d. The gravitational interaction with the sub-Neptune prevents the complete circularization of LP 791-18d's orbit, resulting in continued tidal heating of LP 791-18d's interior and probably strong volcanic activity at the surface5,6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrin S Peterson
- Department of Physics and Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Björn Benneke
- Department of Physics and Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Karen Collins
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Piaulet
- Department of Physics and Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian J M Crossfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Mohamad Ali-Dib
- Department of Physics and Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics (CAP3), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Jonathan Gagné
- Planetarium of Rio Tinto Alcan and Institute for Research on Exoplanets, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Edwin Kite
- Department of the Geological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney Dressing
- Department of Astronomy, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Charbonneau
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Felipe Murgas
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Marion Cointepas
- Institute of Planetology and Astrophysics of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Xavier Bonfils
- Institute of Planetology and Astrophysics of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephen Kane
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Werner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Varoujan Gorjian
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Pierre-Alexis Roy
- Department of Physics and Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Avi Shporer
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute of Astronomy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Pozuelos
- Institute of Astrophysics of Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s, Granada, Spain
- Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Ryan Cloutier
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Ontario, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Irwin
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - William Waalkes
- Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Zach Berta-Thomson
- Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Evans
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute of Astronomy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Apai
- Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Enric Pallé
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Norio Narita
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Astrobiology Center, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew W Howard
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Diana Dragomir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Khalid Barkaoui
- Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Michaël Gillon
- Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Jehin
- Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR), Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elsa Ducrot
- Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zouhair Benkhaldoun
- Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Akihiko Fukui
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Mori
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Nishiumi
- Astrobiology Center, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduated University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Kawauchi
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - George Ricker
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute of Astronomy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David W Latham
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute of Astronomy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Howard Isaacson
- Department of Astronomy, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Aidan Gibbs
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin V Rackham
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute of Astronomy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul Gabor
- Vatican Observatory Research Group, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wen-Ping Chen
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Eric L N Jensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | | | - Richard P Schwarz
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dennis M Conti
- American Association of Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gavin Wang
- Tsinghua International School, Beijing, China
| | - John F Kielkopf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shude Mao
- National Astronomical Observatories of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keith Horne
- SUPA Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Fife, UK
| | | | - Samuel N Quinn
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael Fausnaugh
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute of Astronomy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gábor Fűűrész
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute of Astronomy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Barclay
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Trifonov T, Caballero JA, Morales JC, Seifahrt A, Ribas I, Reiners A, Bean JL, Luque R, Parviainen H, Pallé E, Stock S, Zechmeister M, Amado PJ, Anglada-Escudé G, Azzaro M, Barclay T, Béjar VJS, Bluhm P, Casasayas-Barris N, Cifuentes C, Collins KA, Collins KI, Cortés-Contreras M, de Leon J, Dreizler S, Dressing CD, Esparza-Borges E, Espinoza N, Fausnaugh M, Fukui A, Hatzes AP, Hellier C, Henning T, Henze CE, Herrero E, Jeffers SV, Jenkins JM, Jensen ELN, Kaminski A, Kasper D, Kossakowski D, Kürster M, Lafarga M, Latham DW, Mann AW, Molaverdikhani K, Montes D, Montet BT, Murgas F, Narita N, Oshagh M, Passegger VM, Pollacco D, Quinn SN, Quirrenbach A, Ricker GR, Rodríguez López C, Sanz-Forcada J, Schwarz RP, Schweitzer A, Seager S, Shporer A, Stangret M, Stürmer J, Tan TG, Tenenbaum P, Twicken JD, Vanderspek R, Winn JN. A nearby transiting rocky exoplanet that is suitable for atmospheric investigation. Science 2021; 371:1038-1041. [PMID: 33674491 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd7645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets can be used to investigate their atmospheric properties and habitability. Combining radial velocity (RV) and transit data provides additional information on exoplanet physical properties. We detect a transiting rocky planet with an orbital period of 1.467 days around the nearby red dwarf star Gliese 486. The planet Gliese 486 b is 2.81 Earth masses and 1.31 Earth radii, with uncertainties of 5%, as determined from RV data and photometric light curves. The host star is at a distance of ~8.1 parsecs, has a J-band magnitude of ~7.2, and is observable from both hemispheres of Earth. On the basis of these properties and the planet's short orbital period and high equilibrium temperature, we show that this terrestrial planet is suitable for emission and transit spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Trifonov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - J A Caballero
- Centro de Astrobiología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Morales
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Seifahrt
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - I Ribas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Reiners
- Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J L Bean
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R Luque
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - H Parviainen
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E Pallé
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Stock
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Zechmeister
- Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - P J Amado
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - G Anglada-Escudé
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Azzaro
- Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Observatorio de Calar Alto, E-04550 Gérgal, Almería, Spain
| | - T Barclay
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.,University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - V J S Béjar
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - P Bluhm
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Casasayas-Barris
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Cifuentes
- Centro de Astrobiología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - K A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - K I Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - M Cortés-Contreras
- Centro de Astrobiología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - J de Leon
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Dreizler
- Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C D Dressing
- Astronomy Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - E Esparza-Borges
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Espinoza
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - M Fausnaugh
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Fukui
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A P Hatzes
- Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany
| | - C Hellier
- Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Th Henning
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C E Henze
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - E Herrero
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S V Jeffers
- Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J M Jenkins
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - E L N Jensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| | - A Kaminski
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Kasper
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - D Kossakowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kürster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Lafarga
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D W Latham
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A W Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - K Molaverdikhani
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Montes
- Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica and Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B T Montet
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - F Murgas
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Narita
- Komaba Institute for Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Astrobiology Center, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Oshagh
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - V M Passegger
- Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany.,Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - D Pollacco
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - S N Quinn
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G R Ricker
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Rodríguez López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - J Sanz-Forcada
- Centro de Astrobiología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - R P Schwarz
- Patashnick Voorheesville Observatory, Voorheesville, NY 12186, USA
| | - A Schweitzer
- Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Seager
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Shporer
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Stangret
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Stürmer
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T G Tan
- Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope, Perth WA 6010, Australia
| | - P Tenenbaum
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J D Twicken
- Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.,NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - R Vanderspek
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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5
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Constantinou C, Miranda AMA, Chaves P, Bellahcene M, Massaia A, Cheng K, Samari S, Rothery SM, Chandler AM, Schwarz RP, Harding SE, Punjabi P, Schneider MD, Noseda M. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a target platform for paracrine protection by cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13016. [PMID: 32747668 PMCID: PMC7400574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the foremost cause of death globally, with survivors at risk for subsequent heart failure. Paradoxically, cell therapies to offset cardiomyocyte loss after ischemic injury improve long-term cardiac function despite a lack of durable engraftment. An evolving consensus, inferred preponderantly from non-human models, is that transplanted cells benefit the heart via early paracrine signals. Here, we tested the impact of paracrine signals on human cardiomyocytes, using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) as the target of mouse and human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSC) with progenitor-like features. In co-culture and conditioned medium studies, cMSCs markedly inhibited human cardiomyocyte death. Little or no protection was conferred by mouse tail tip or human skin fibroblasts. Consistent with the results of transcriptomic profiling, functional analyses showed that the cMSC secretome suppressed apoptosis and preserved cardiac mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Protection was independent of exosomes under the conditions tested. In mice, injecting cMSC-conditioned media into the infarct border zone reduced apoptotic cardiomyocytes > 70% locally. Thus, hPSC-CMs provide an auspicious, relevant human platform to investigate extracellular signals for cardiac muscle survival, substantiating human cardioprotection by cMSCs, and suggesting the cMSC secretome or its components as potential cell-free therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Constantinou
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antonio M A Miranda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Patricia Chaves
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mohamed Bellahcene
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrea Massaia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kevin Cheng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sara Samari
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen M Rothery
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anita M Chandler
- Kardia Therapeutics, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Richard P Schwarz
- Kardia Therapeutics, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- CV Ventures, LLC, Blue Bell, PA, 19422, USA
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Prakash Punjabi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Michael D Schneider
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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6
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Schwarz RP, Becker JCP, Brooks RL, Hursting MJ, Joffrion JL, Knappenberger GD, Kogan TP, Kogan PW, McKinney AA. State-of-the-Art Review: The Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Novastan (Argatroban): A Small-Molecule, Direct Thrombin Inhibitor. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107602969700300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the unsatisfactory options available for safe and effective antithrombotic therapy, recent, intense research and development efforts have been focused on direct thrombin inhibitors, also known as site-directed thrombin inhibitors. The intravenous agent Novastan (argatroban) is a small-molecule, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor that is selective for the catalytic site of the thrombin molecule. Argatroban's molecular properties (small molecule; fast, selective, and reversible inhibition of the thrombin catalytic site; and similar in vitro potency for inhibiting both clot-bound and soluble thrombin) offer the potential for significant antithrombotic efficacy with minimal systemic anticoagulant ef fects. Its clinical pharmacologic properties offer the potential for minimal risk of bleeding, very rapid achievement of therapeutic antithrombotic efficacy, predictable dose-response, and rapid restoration of the hemostatic systems to normal upon termination of intravenous infusion. Argatroban is currently approved for clinical use in Japan for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. It is in advanced clinical development in North America, South America, and Western Europe for several clinical indications, including (1) adjunctive therapy to thrombolytic agents in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and (2) antithrombotic therapy for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome. Key Words: Molecular properties—Novastan (argatroban)—Pharmacology—Thrombin inhibitor.
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7
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Hare JM, Mangal B, Brown J, Fisher C, Freudenberger R, Colucci WS, Mann DL, Liu P, Givertz MM, Schwarz RP. Impact of Oxypurinol in Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:2301-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Hare JM, Mangal B, Brown J, Fisher C, Freudenberger RS, Colucci WS, Mann DL, Liu P, Givertz MM, Schwarz RP. Efficacy and Safety Study of Oxypurinol Added to Standard Therapy in Patients with New York Heart Association Class III-IV Congestive Heart Failure (The OPT-CHF Trial). J Card Fail 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Freudenberger RS, Schwarz RP, Brown J, Moore A, Mann D, Givertz MM, Colucci WS, Hare JM. Rationale, design and organisation of an efficacy and safety study of oxypurinol added to standard therapy in patients with NYHA class III – IV congestive heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 13:1509-16. [PMID: 15500398 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.13.11.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oxypurinol, the active metabolite of allopurinol and a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI), is under evaluation as a novel agent for the treatment of congestive heart failure (HF). Several lines of evidence provide the rationale for the hypothesis that XOIs will improve clinical outcomes in patients with HF. First, XOIs have unique positive inotropic effects, improving myocardial contraction and performance while simultaneously improving myocardial energy metabolism. Second, XOIs ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in humans with HF. Finally, XO activity is upregulated in the heart and vasculature of subjects with HF, which may in turn contribute to oxidative stress and/or increased uric acid levels. Together these findings form the rationale for the Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study of Oxypurinol Added to Standard Therapy in Patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III - IV Congestive Heart Failure (OPT-CHF) trial (Food and Drug Administration IND 65,125), a Phase II - III prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, which will include patients with stable symptomatic HF in NYHA class III - IV congestive HF who are deemed clinically stable on a standard and appropriately maximised heart failure therapy regimen. The efficacy end point for OPT-CHF is a composite that incorporates measures of patient outcome and well-being.
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10
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Schwarz RP, Goodwin TJ, Wolf DA. Cell culture for three-dimensional modeling in rotating-wall vessels: an application of simulated microgravity. J Tissue Cult Methods 2001; 14:51-7. [PMID: 11541102 DOI: 10.1007/bf01404744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High-density, three-dimensional cell cultures are difficult to grow in vitro. The rotating-wall vessel (RWV) described here has cultured BHK-21 cells to a density of 1.1 X 10(7) cells/ml. Cells on microcarriers were observed to grow with enhanced bridging in this batch culture system. The RWV is a horizontally rotated tissue culture vessel with silicon membrane oxygenation. This design results in a low-turbulence, low-shear cell culture environment with abundant oxygenation. The RWV has the potential to culture a wide variety of normal and neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Schwarz
- KRUG Life Sciences, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
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11
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Hursting MJ, Alford KL, Becker JC, Brooks RL, Joffrion JL, Knappenberger GD, Kogan PW, Kogan TP, McKinney AA, Schwarz RP. Novastan (brand of argatroban): a small-molecule, direct thrombin inhibitor. Semin Thromb Hemost 2001; 23:503-16. [PMID: 9469622 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-996128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of the unsatisfactory options available for safe and effective antithrombotic therapy, recent, intense research and development efforts have focused on direct, or site-directed, thrombin inhibitors. Argatroban is a small-molecule, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor selective for the catalytic site of the thrombin molecule. Argatroban's molecular properties (small molecule; fast, selective, and reversible inhibition of the thrombin catalytic site; and similar in vitro potency for inhibiting both clot-bound and soluble thrombin) offer the potential for significant antithrombotic efficacy with minimal systemic anticoagulant effects. Its clinical pharmacologic properties offer the potential for minimal risk of bleeding, very rapid achievement of therapeutic antithrombotic efficacy, predictable dose response, and rapid restoration of the hemostatic systems to baseline on termination of intravenous infusion. The intravenous agent Novastan (brand of argatroban) is currently approved for clinical use in Japan for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Novastan is in advanced clinical development in North and South America for several indications, including (1) anticoagulant/antithrombotic therapy in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and thrombosis syndrome (HITTS); and (2) adjunctive therapy to thrombolytic agents in acute myocardial infarction. Results from these trials are projected to be available by early 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hursting
- Texas Biotechnology Corporation, Houston 77030, USA
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12
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Jang IK, Brown DF, Giugliano RP, Anderson HV, Losordo D, Nicolau JC, Dutra OP, Bazzino O, Viamonte VM, Norbady R, Liprandi AS, Massey TJ, Dinsmore R, Schwarz RP. A multicenter, randomized study of argatroban versus heparin as adjunct to tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) in acute myocardial infarction: myocardial infarction with novastan and TPA (MINT) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33:1879-85. [PMID: 10362188 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the effect of a small-molecule, direct thrombin inhibitor, argatroban, on reperfusion induced by tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND Thrombin plays a crucial role in thrombosis and thrombolysis. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that argatroban has advantages over heparin for the inhibition of clot-bound thrombin and for the enhancement of thrombolysis with TPA. METHODS One hundred and twenty-five patients with AMI within 6 h were randomized to heparin, low-dose argatroban or high-dose argatroban in addition to TPA. The primary end point was the rate of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow at 90 min. RESULTS TIMI grade 3 flow was achieved in 42.1% of heparin, 56.8% of low-dose argatroban (p = 0.20 vs. heparin) and 58.7% of high-dose argatroban patients (p = 0.13 vs. heparin). In patients presenting after 3 h, TIMI grade 3 flow was significantly more frequent in high-dose argatroban versus heparin patients: 57.1% versus 20.0% (p = 0.03 vs. heparin). Major bleeding was observed in 10.0% of heparin, and in 2.6% and 4.3% of low-dose and high-dose argatroban patients, respectively. The composite of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock or congestive heart failure, revascularization and recurrent ischemia at 30 days occurred in 37.5% of heparin, 32.0% of low-dose argatroban and 25.5% of high-dose argatroban patients (p = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS Argatroban, as compared with heparin, appears to enhance reperfusion with TPA in patients with AMI, particularly in those patients with delayed presentation. The incidences of major bleeding and adverse clinical outcome were lower in the patients receiving argatroban.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Jang
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
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13
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Hursting MJ, Zehnder JL, Joffrion JL, Becker JC, Knappenberger GD, Schwarz RP. The International Normalized Ratio during Concurrent Warfarin and Argatroban Anticoagulation: Differential Contributions of Each Agent and Effects of the Choice of Thromboplastin Used. Clin Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/45.3.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcie J Hursting
- Texas Biotechnology Corporation, 7000 Fannin Street, Suite 1920, Houston, TX 77030, and
| | - James L Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - James L Joffrion
- Texas Biotechnology Corporation, 7000 Fannin Street, Suite 1920, Houston, TX 77030, and
| | - Jean-Claude Becker
- Texas Biotechnology Corporation, 7000 Fannin Street, Suite 1920, Houston, TX 77030, and
| | - Gary D Knappenberger
- Texas Biotechnology Corporation, 7000 Fannin Street, Suite 1920, Houston, TX 77030, and
| | - Richard P Schwarz
- Texas Biotechnology Corporation, 7000 Fannin Street, Suite 1920, Houston, TX 77030, and
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14
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Hursting MJ, Zehnder JL, Joffrion JL, Becker JC, Knappenberger GD, Schwarz RP. The International Normalized Ratio during concurrent warfarin and argatroban anticoagulation: differential contributions of each agent and effects of the choice of thromboplastin used. Clin Chem 1999; 45:409-12. [PMID: 10053045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Hursting
- Texas Biotechnology Corporation, 7000 Fannin Street, Suite 1920, Houston, TX 77030,
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15
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Abstract
There have been recent, heightened concerns about the integrity and credibility of industry-sponsored clinical research. While attributable to a variety of factors, the potential consequences are a decrease in the ability of the biomedical research enterprise to produce innovative methods for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, with possible adverse implications for the health and well-being of the public. A specific example of a recent industry-sponsored clinical trial is presented as an approach to attempt to avoid any suggestion of fraud, error, or biased interpretation, in a way in which the integrity of the process will not be called into question and the credibility of the results will be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Schwarz
- Sterling Research Group, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
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16
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Abstract
In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial of 230 congestive heart failure patients, four treatments were evaluated for efficacy, with exercise tolerance time (ETT) as the primary outcome. Various two-sample tests were applied to the analysis of ETT data. It is shown in this paper that the conventional two-sample tests (t and rank-sum) are insensitive to situations where the effect of the experimental therapy is not consistent across a patient population. Tests recommended by O'Brien are more appropriate for these data. It is also shown that the application of the O'Brien tests led to the identification of sub-groups where the observed effect of the experimental therapy was most pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Tandon
- Sterling Research Group, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
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17
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Abstract
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-months trial involving 111 congestive heart failure patients, one non-validated and three validated Quality of Life (QL) instruments were administered. Two randomized treatment groups were evaluated, one with 62 patients who continued on standard therapy and the other with 49 patients whose standard therapy was replaced by placebo. The data from Patient's Self-rating Scale (a non-validated instrument) and Spitzer's QL index showed a significant difference between the two treatment groups for an overall effect. There were no significant differences between two treatment groups for Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and Quality of Well-Being (QWB). For analyzing the multiple components in a QL instrument, the global statistics as suggested by O'Brien were applied to compare the two treatment groups. Univariate statistics complemented the global methods. The general use of global statistics in analyzing QL data is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Tandon
- Sterling Research Group, Rensselaer, NY 12144
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18
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19
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Abstract
Two children presented with mild, chronic diarrheal illnesses. Investigation revealed typical pseudomembranous colitis in both cases, which responded to therapy. While variation in the severity of pseudomembranous colitis is recognized, the subtle, chronic presentation exemplified by these cases has not previously been well described.
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20
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Stein LA, Schwarz RP, Chock PB, Eisenberg E. Mechanism of actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase. Evidence that adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis can occur without dissociation of the actomyosin complex. Biochemistry 1979; 18:3895-909. [PMID: 158378 DOI: 10.1021/bi00585a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the steps in the actomyosin ATPase cycle that determine the maximum ATPase rate (Vmax) and the binding between myosin subfragment one (S-1) and actin which occurs when the ATPase activity is close to Vmax. We find that the forward rate constant of the initial ATP hydrolysis (initial Pi burst) is about 5 times faster than the maximum turnover rate of the actin S-1 ATPase. Thus, another step in the cycle must be considerably slower than the forward rate of the initial Pi burst. If this slower step occurs only when S-1 is complexed with actin, as originally predicted by the Lymn-Taylor model, the ATPase activity and the fraction of S-1 bound to actin in the steady state should increase almost in parallel as the actin concentration is increased. As measured by turbidity determined in the stopped-flow apparatus, the fraction of S-1 bound to actin, like the ATPase activity, shows a hyperbolic dependence on actin concentration, approaching 100% asymptotically. However, the actin concentration required so that 50% of the S-1 is bound to actin is about 4 times greater than the actin concentration required for half-maximal ATPase activity. Thus, as previously found at 0 degrees C, at 15 degrees C much of the S-1 is dissociated from actin when the ATPase is close to Vmax, showing that a slow first-order transition which follows the initial Pi burst (the transition from the refractory to the nonrefractory state) must be the slowest step in the ATPase cycle. Stopped-flow studies also reveal that the steady-state turbidity level is reached almost instantaneously after the S-1, actin, and ATP are mixed, regardless of the order of mixing. Thus, the binding between S-1 and actin which is observed in the steady state is due to a rapid equilibrium between S-1--ATP and acto--S-1--ATP which is shifted toward acto-S-1--ATP at high actin concentration. Furthermore, both S-1--ATP and S-1--ADP.Pi (the state occurring immediately after the initial Pi burst) appear to have the same binding constant to actin. Thus, at high actin concentration both S-1--ATP and S-1--ADP.Pi are in rapid equilibrium with their respective actin complexes. Although at very high actin concentration almost complete binding of S-1--ATP and S-1--ADP.Pi to actin occurs, there is no inhibition of the ATPase activity at high actin concentration. This strongly suggests that both the initial Pi burst and the slow rate-limiting transition which follows (the transition from the refractory to the nonrefractory state) occur at about the same rates whether the S-1 is bound to or dissociated from actin. We, therefore, conclude that S-1 does not have to dissociate from actin each time an ATP molecule is hydrolyzed.
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21
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Abstract
Frog sartorius muscle treated with 5.0 mM or greater caffeine exhibits stiffness similar to that obtained from muscle in iodoacetate rigor. The data provide quantitative evidence that suggests that caffeine at irreversible contracture-producing concentrations somehow induces a rigor or rigorlike state in skeletal muscle.
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