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Wainwright HM, Powell BA, Hoover ME, Ayoub A, Atz M, Benson C, Borrelli RA, Djokic D, Eddy-Dilek CA, Ermakova D, Hayes R, Higley K, Krahn S, Lagos L, Landsberger S, Leggett C, Regalbuto M, Roy W, Shuller-Nickles L, Ewing RC. Nuclear waste Educator's workshop: What and how do we teach about nuclear waste? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 270:107288. [PMID: 37722230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A workshop was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on July 25th and 26th, 2022. The objective was to develop a blueprint for educating next-generation engineers and scientists about nuclear waste management and disposal, which requires knowledge from diverse disciplines, including nuclear, chemical, civil, environmental, and geological science and engineering. The 49 participants included university professors, researchers, industry experts, and government officials from different areas. First, we have developed a list of key fundamental knowledge on waste management and disposal across the nuclear fuel cycle. In addition, we discussed strategies on how to teach students with diverse backgrounds through innovative teaching strategies as well as how to attract students into this area. Through the workshop, we identified the critical needs to (1) develop community resources for nuclear waste education; (2) synthesize historical perspectives, including past contamination and the management of general hazardous waste; (3) emphasize a complete life-cycle perspective, including proper waste management as the key component for energy sustainability; (4) teach students how to communicate about the key facts and risks to technical and non-technical audiences; and (5) accelerate the use of the state-of-art-technologies to attract and retain a young workforce. Furthermore, we aim to build a diverse, inclusive community that supports students in developing their own narratives about nuclear waste, particularly in recognizing that antagonistic views have been important to improving safety and protecting public health and the environment.
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Stewart K, Itani D, Mulherin A, Hayes R. Benign proliferating pilar tumor excised with Slow Mohs surgery: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231213928. [PMID: 38022863 PMCID: PMC10666678 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231213928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferating pilar tumors are rare, benign, exophytic neoplasms, which can closely resemble a squamous cell carcinoma. We describe a patient with a large benign exophytic tumor on the scalp that had been slowly growing over 10 years. While this class of benign follicular tumors is rare, the standard of care is typically excision with clear histologic margins. In this case, this large scalp tumor was surgically excised with clear margins/permanent section margin control using "Slow Mohs" technique, with subsequent repair using a skin substitute dressing, followed by a delayed skin graft.
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Roth J, Hoop CL, Williams JK, Hayes R, Baum J. Probing the effect of glycosaminoglycan depletion on integrin interactions with collagen I fibrils in the native extracellular matrix environment. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4508. [PMID: 36369695 PMCID: PMC9793976 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagen-integrin interactions in the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate a multitude of cellular processes and cell signalling. Collagen I fibrils serve as the molecular scaffolding for connective tissues throughout the human body and are the most abundant protein building blocks in the ECM. The ECM environment is diverse, made up of several ECM proteins, enzymes, and proteoglycans. In particular, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), anionic polysaccharides that decorate proteoglycans, become depleted in the ECM with natural aging and their mis-regulation has been linked to cancers and other diseases. The impact of GAG depletion in the ECM environment on collagen I protein interactions and on mechanical properties is not well understood. Here, we integrate ELISA protein binding assays with liquid high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) to assess the effects of GAG depletion on the interaction of collagen I fibrils with the integrin α2I domain using separate rat tails. ELISA binding assays demonstrate that α2I preferentially binds to GAG-depleted collagen I fibrils in comparison to native fibrils. By amplitude modulated AFM in air and in solution, we find that GAG-depleted collagen I fibrils retain structural features of the native fibrils, including their characteristic D-banding pattern, a key structural motif. AFM fast force mapping in solution shows that GAG depletion reduces the stiffness of individual fibrils, lowering the indentation modulus by half compared to native fibrils. Together these results shed new light on how GAGs influence collagen I fibril-integrin interactions and may aid in strategies to treat diseases that result from GAG mis-regulation.
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Hayes R, Cassidy M, Nevin R, Walsh K, Griffin A, Mealy B, Herbst J, Carroll KM. 294 INTEGRATION OF MUSIC THERAPY WITHIN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM FOR OLDER ADULTS IN AN ACUTE HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Music Therapy (MT) is an evidence-based intervention in which a music therapist uses music within a therapeutic relationship to achieve targeted goals. Studies show that MT may improve patient communication, cognition and mood, and facilitate rehabilitation by improving motor skills, particularly in those with stroke and Parkinson’s disease. We aimed to integrate MT within our geriatric multidisciplinary team (MDT) by: (1) promoting knowledge of MT among MDT staff; and (2) developing and implementing a MT referral pathway for patients. Furthermore, we aimed to assess its overall impact.
Methods
Music therapists delivered oral presentations and experiential learning through creative workshops, collaboration and feedback to allied health therapists in our geriatric MDT. Criteria for referrals for MT and a referral pathway were developed. Data on patients who received MT was collated.
Results
There were 70 referrals for MT from our MDT. 61% were female, mean age 77 years. Referral sources were occupational therapists (45%), speech therapists (34%), medical social workers (13%), physiotherapists (8%). Patients included those with stroke (41%), general medical conditions (23%), dementia (16%), Parkinson's (11%) and mental health concerns (9%). There were 16 joint MDT sessions and a mean of 5 MT sessions per patient (about 40 minutes in duration). Interventions included: Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT), singing and vocal exercises, Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS), Musical Neglect Training (MNT), Therapeutic Instrumental Musical Performance (TIMP), reminiscence and song-writing. Overall, we identified better engagement with rehabilitation and improvements in mood, speech (voice strength and verbal fluency) and upper and lower limb co-ordination.
Conclusion
MT was successfully integrated into a geriatric MDT and had beneficial effects on patient mood, speech, communication and motor function. Education of MDT members was crucial in achieving appropriate MT referrals. Joint MDT’s also facilitated individualised MT interventions. Findings strongly support our model that incorporates MT within an MDT.
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Cassidy M, Hayes R, Nevin R, Griffin A, Herbst J, Mealy B, Walsh K, Donnelly R, Harrison H, Jariol A, Joseph L, Carroll KM. 301 BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MUSIC THERAPY IN AN ACUTE HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Environmental Music Therapy (EMT) uses live music played by a music therapist to enhance the surrounding environment and is increasingly used in clinical settings. Studies show that EMT may reduce anxiety, enhance wellbeing, promote better communication between patients and staff, and reduce patient perception of waiting times in hospital. We aimed to explore the benefit of EMT for older adults in a geriatric outpatient setting and on rehabilitation wards.
Methods
Harp music was played by a music therapist in the vicinity of ambulatory clinics and on rehabilitation wards for 4 hours per week (over a 2-day period) for 20 weeks. Music exposure on any given day was to an estimated 50 outpatients, as well as 50 people passing the vicinity or to about 30 patients on the rehabilitation ward. Music was selected and played in a dynamic process, responding to verbal and non-verbal reactions of patients, family, and staff. Voluntary responses were recorded and collated.
Results
There were 36 recorded responses and all reflected positively on EMT. Patients cited that the music created a welcoming space and stimulated interaction and conversation. Several patients waiting for their clinic appointment noted that it distracted from fearful expectation and was a source of comfort. Some commented that they felt more relaxed and that it reduced stress. On rehabilitation wards, patients found familiar music to be calming with nurses citing that it stimulated social interaction between patients, family and staff. Responses to EMT gave insights that resulted in patient referrals for music therapy.
Conclusion
Environmental music played by a music therapist was found to modify patient hospital experiences. In particular, it appeared to reduce self-perceived stress and stimulate positive social interaction and conversation. This supports the use of EMT to advance the integration of the arts for wellbeing in an acute hospital.
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Hayes R. Enabling structure-based drug discovery for NUAK kinases. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322096887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Fonseca De Freitas D, Patel I, Kadra-Scalzo G, Pritchard M, Shetty H, Broadbent M, Patel R, Downs J, Segev A, Khondoker M, Maccabe J, Bhui K, Hayes R. Ethnic inequalities in treatment with clozapine. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567955 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ethnic disparities in treatment with clozapine, the antipsychotic recommended for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), have been reported. However, these investigations frequently suffer from potential residual confounding. For example, few studies have restricted the analyses to TRS samples and none has controlled for benign ethnic neutropenia. Objectives This study investigated if service-users’ ethnicity influenced clozapine prescription in a cohort of people with TRS. Methods Information from the clinical records of South London and Maudsley NHS Trust was used to identify a cohort of service-users with TRS between 2007 and 2017. In this cohort, we used logistic regression to investigate any association between ethnicity and clozapine prescription while adjusting for potential confounding variables, including sociodemographic factors, psychiatric multimorbidity, substance use, benign ethnic neutropenia, and inpatient and outpatient care received. Results
We identified 2239 cases that met the criteria for TRS. Results show that after adjusting for confounding variables, people with Black African ethnicity had half the odds of being treated with clozapine and people with Black Caribbean or Other Black background had about two-thirds the odds of being treated with clozapine compared White British service-users. No disparities were observed regarding other ethnic groups, namely Other White background, South Asian, Other Asian, or any other ethnicity. Conclusions There was evidence of inequities in care among Black ethnic groups with TRS. Interventions targeting barriers in access to healthcare are recommended. Disclosure During the conduction of the study, DFdF, GKS, and RH received funds from the NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre. For other activities outside the submitted work, DFdF received research funding from the UK Department of Health and Social Care, Janss
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Fonseca De Freitas D, Khondoker M, Nazroo J, Hayes R, Bhui K. Ethnic inequalities in multiple comorbidities among people with psychosis. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567012 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies have shown ethnic inequalities in health, with a higher incidence of illnesses among people of some minoritised ethnic groups. Furthermore, it has been observed that people with severe mental illnesses have a higher risk for multimorbidity. However, no study has investigated ethnic disparities in comorbidity in people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Objectives This study investigates potential ethnic disparities in physical health comorbidity in a cohort of people with psychosis. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we identified service-users of the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust who were diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder between 2007 and 2020. We assessed the prevalence of asthma, bronchitis, diabetes, hypertension, low blood pressure, overweight or obesity, and rheumatoid arthritis. Latent class analyses were used to investigate distinct profiles of comorbidity. Multinomial regression was then used to investigate ethnic disparities in these profiles. The regression model was adjusted for gender, age, neighbourhood deprivation, smoking and duration of care. Results On a sample of 23,418 service-users with psychosis, we identified two classes of comorbidity: low comorbidity and multiple comorbidities. Compared to the White British ethnicity, a higher risk for multiple comorbidities was observed for people with any Black background, Indian, Pakistani, Asian British, and mixed-race ethnicities. Furthermore, Black African women had a significantly higher risk for multiple comorbidities than their male counterparts. Conclusions Ethnic disparities are observed in multiple comorbidities among people with psychosis. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these disparities, especially in relation to mortality. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Fonseca De Freitas D, Agbedjro D, Kadra-Scalzo G, Francis E, Ridler I, Pritchard M, Shetty H, Segev A, Casetta C, Smart S, Morris A, Downs J, Christensen S, Bak N, Kinon B, Stahl D, Hayes R, Maccabe J. Correlates of late-onset antipsychotic treatment resistance. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567017 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is emerging evidence of heterogeneity within treatment-resistance schizophrenia (TRS), with some people not responding to antipsychotic treatment from illness onset and a smaller group becoming treatment-resistant after an initial response period. It has been suggested that these groups have different aetiologies. Few studies have investigated socio-demographic and clinical differences between early and late onset of TRS. Objectives This study aims to investigate socio-demographic and clinical correlates of late-onset of TRS. Methods Using data from the electronic health records of the South London and Maudsley, we identified a cohort of people with TRS. Regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of the length of treatment to TRS. Analysed predictors include gender, age, ethnicity, positive symptoms severity, problems with activities of daily living, psychiatric comorbidities, involuntary hospitalisation and treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Results We observed a continuum of the length of treatment until TRS presentation. Having severe hallucinations and delusions at treatment start was associated shorter duration of treatment until the presentation of TRS. Conclusions Our findings do not support a clear cut categorisation between early and late TRS, based on length of treatment until treatment resistance onset. More severe positive symptoms predict earlier onset of treatment resistance. Disclosure DFdF, GKS, EF and IR have received research funding from Janssen and H. Lundbeck A/S. RDH and HS have received research funding from Roche, Pfizer, Janssen and Lundbeck. SES is employed on a grant held by Cardiff University from Takeda Pharmaceutical Comp
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Shanaube K, Schaap A, Klinkenberg E, Floyd S, Bwalya J, Cheeba M, de Haas P, Kosloff B, Ruperez M, Hayes R, Ayles H. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and associated risk factors in periurban Zambia: a population-based study. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 118:256-263. [PMID: 35306205 PMCID: PMC8925090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We nested a seroprevalence survey within the TREATS (Tuberculosis Reduction through Expanded Antiretroviral Treatment and Screening) project. We aimed to measure the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and investigate associated risk factors in one community (population ∼27,000) with high prevalence of TB/HIV in Zambia. METHODS The study design was cross-sectional. A random sample of 3592 individuals aged ≥15 years enrolled in the TREATS TB-prevalence survey were selected for antibody testing. Randomly selected blocks of residence were visited between October 2020 and March 2021. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected using Abbott- ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. RESULTS A total of 3035/3526 (86.1%) individuals had a blood sample taken. Antibody testing results were available for 2917/3035 (96.1%) participants. Overall, 401/2977 (13.5%) individuals tested positive for IgG antibodies. Seroprevalence was similar by sex (12.7% men vs 14.0% women) and was lowest in the youngest age group 15-19 years (9.7%) and similar in ages 20 years and older (∼15%). We found no evidence of an association between seroprevalence and HIV-status or TB. There was strong evidence (p <0.001) of variation by time of enrollment, with prevalence varying from 2.8% (95% CI 0.8-4.9) among those recruited in December 2020 to 33.7% (95% CI 27.7-39.7) among those recruited in mid-February 2021. CONCLUSION Seroprevalence was 13.5% but there was substantial variation over time, with a sharp increase to approximately 35% toward the end of the second epidemic wave.
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Sabapathy K, Stöckl H, Mulubwa C, Mubekapi-Musadaidzwa C, Hoddinott G, Floyd S, Seeley J, Bond V, Bock P, Fidler S, Ayles H, Hayes R. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Associated Factors in HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Communities in Zambia and South Africa-A Comparison by HIV Status. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:1355-1365. [PMID: 35165795 PMCID: PMC9001629 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The HPTN 071(PopART) study was a community-randomised trial in Zambia and South Africa, examining the impact of combination-prevention including universal testing and treatment (UTT), on HIV-incidence. This sub-study evaluated factors associated with IPV (physical and/or sexual) to identify differences by HIV status. During 2015-16, a random subset of adults who participated in the first year of the PopART intervention were recruited and standardised questionnaires were administered. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios of factors associated with IPV. Among > 700 women studied (300 HIV-negative;400 HIV-positive), ~ 20% reported experiencing physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12-months. Sexual violence was similar by HIV status, but physical violence and reporting both physical/sexual violence was more common among HIV-positive women. Spending nights away from the community in the last 12-months was associated with higher odds of IPV among both HIV-negative (aOR 3.17, 95% CI 1.02-9.81) and HIV-positive women (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 0.99-3.24). Among HIV-positive women, financial autonomy was associated with reduced IPV (aOR:0.41,95%CI:0.23-0.75) while pregnancy in the last 12-months (aOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.07-4.74), risk of alcohol dependence (aOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.51-5.00) and risk of mental distress (aOR 2.62, 95% CI 1.33-5.16) were associated with increased IPV. Among HIV-negative women reporting sex in the last 12-months, transactional sex (aOR 3.97, 95% CI 1.02-15.37) and not knowing partner's HIV status (aOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.24-7.29) were associated with IPV. IPV was commonly reported in the study population and factors associated with IPV differed by HIV status. The association of mobility with IPV warrants further research. The high prevalence of harmful alcohol use and mental distress, and their association with IPV among HIV-positive women require urgent attention.
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Hensen B, Phiri M, Schaap A, Sigande L, Simwinga M, Floyd S, Belemu S, Simuyaba M, Shanaube K, Fidler S, Hayes R, Ayles HM. Uptake of HIV Testing Services Through Novel Community-Based Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: An Analysis of the Pilot Implementation Phase of the Yathu Yathu Intervention for Adolescents and Young People Aged 15-24 in Lusaka, Zambia. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:172-182. [PMID: 34302282 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents and young people aged 15-24 are underserved by available HIV-testing services (HTS). Delivering HTS through community-based, peer-led, hubs may prove acceptable and accessible to adolescents and young people, thus increasing HIV-testing coverage. We used data from the pilot phase of a cluster-randomised trial of community-based sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents and young people in Lusaka, Zambia, between September 2019 and January 2020, to explore factors associated with uptake of HTS through community-based hubs. 5,757 adolescents and young people attended the hubs (63% female), among whom 75% tested for HIV (76% of females, 75% of males). Community-based hubs provided HTS to 80% of adolescents and young people with no history of HIV-testing. Among females, uptake of HTS was lower among married/cohabiting females; among males, uptake was lower among unmarried males and among individuals at risk of hazardous alcohol use. The high number of adolescents and young people accessing hubs for HIV testing suggests they are acceptable. Enhanced targeting of HTS to groups who may not perceive their HIV risk needs to be implemented.
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Bell-Mandla NF, Sloot R, Maarman G, Griffith S, Moore A, Floyd S, Hayes R, Fidler S, Ayles H, Bock P. Improving retention of community-recruited participants in HIV prevention research through Saturday household visits; findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) study in South Africa. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:242. [PMID: 34749654 PMCID: PMC8574030 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying successful strategies to improve participant retention in longitudinal studies remains a challenge. In this study we evaluated whether non-traditional fieldworker shifts (after hours during the week and weekends) enhanced participant retention when compared to retention during traditional weekday shifts in the HPTN 071 (PopART) population cohort (PC). METHODS HPTN 071 (PopART) PC participants were recruited and followed up in their homes on an annual basis by research fieldworkers over a 3-4 year period. The average number of successful follow-up visits, where a PC participant was found and retained in the study, was calculated for each of 3 visit schedules (early weekday shift, late weekday shift, and Saturday shift), and standardized to account for variation in fieldwork shift duration. We used one-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) to describe differences in mean-successful visits and 95% confidence intervals between the shift types. RESULTS Data on 16 651 successful visits were included. Successful visit rates were higher when conducting Saturday visits (14.0; 95% CI: 11.3-16.6) compared to both regular (4.5; 95% CI: 3.7-5.3) and late weekday shifts (5.3; 95% CI: 4.7-5.8) overall and in all subgroup analyses (P<0.001). The successful visit rate was higher amongst women than men were during all shift types (3.2 vs. 1.3, p<0.001). Successful visit rates by shift type did not differ significantly by age, over time, by PC round or by community triplet. CONCLUSION The number of people living with HIV continues to increase annually. High quality evidence from longitudinal studies remains critical for evaluating HIV prevention and treatment strategies. This study showed a significant benefit on participant retention through introduction of Saturday shifts for home visits and these data can make an important contribution to the emerging body of evidence for improving retention in longitudinal research. TRIAL REGISTRATION PopART was approved by the Stellenbosch University Health Research Ethics Committees (N12/11/074), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (6326) ethics committee and the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) (Protocol ID 11865). PopART was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number NCT01900977 ).
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Hensen B, Phiri M, Schaap A, Floyd S, Simuyaba M, Mwenge L, Sigande L, Belemu S, Shanaube K, Simwinga M, Fidler S, Hayes R, Ayles H. Yathu Yathu ("For us, by us"): Design of a cluster-randomised trial of the impact of community-based, peer-led comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents and young people aged 15 to 24 in Lusaka, Zambia. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 110:106568. [PMID: 34543725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, the growing population of adolescents and young people aged 15 to 24 face a high burden of HIV, and other preventable and treatable sexually transmitted infections. Despite this burden, adolescents and young people are the population least served by available sexual and reproductive (SRH) services. This trial aims to evaluate the impact of community-based peer-led SRH services, combined with a novel incentivised "loyalty card" system, on knowledge of HIV status and coverage of SRH services. METHODS A cluster-randomised trial (CRT) with embedded process and economic evaluation. DISCUSSION With little available evidence of the impact of community-based, peer-led services on coverage of SRH services, our study will provide evidence critical to expanding our knowledge of how to reach adolescents and young people. The "loyalty card" system is also a novel approach to providing SRH services. The delivery of community-based services supported by incentives in the form of loyalty cards is innovative, and may prove a simple strategy to improve access to SRH services. Adolescents and young people remain underserved by available SRH services; there remains a critical need to identify ways to provide adolescents and young people with access to SRH services. Rigorous evidence of whether this innovative strategy, with strong links to the local health facility, increases coverage of critical SRH services would add to the evidence-base of how to reach adolescents and young people.
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Wilkinson K, Ball S, Mitchell SB, Ukoumunne OC, O'Mahen HA, Tejerina-Arreal M, Hayes R, Berry V, Petrie I, Ford T. The longitudinal relationship between child emotional disorder and parental mental health in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health surveys 1999 and 2004. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:58-67. [PMID: 33839559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests parental psychopathology has an adverse effect on child mental health. However, due to the interactional nature of parent-child relationships and with a high rate of emotional disorders reported in school-age children, it is important to know whether the effect is reciprocal. METHODS We explored the longitudinal relationship between child and parent mental health in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (N=7,100 child-parent dyads) and their three-year follow-ups. The Development and Well-Being Assessment with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria was used to measure child psychiatric diagnoses, while parental mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the longitudinal association between child emotional disorder and parent mental health. RESULTS Parents of children who had an emotional disorder at baseline were more likely to have poor mental health three years later compared with parents whose children had no psychiatric diagnosis (33.3% versus 16.7%; crude odds ratio=2.52; adjusted odds ratio=2.19, 95% CI=1.58 to 3.05, p<0.001). Children of parents with poor mental health at baseline were more likely to develop an emotional disorder three years later compared with children whose parents had good mental health (5.2% versus 2.5%; crude odds ratio=2.08; adjusted odds ratio=1.63, 95% CI=1.18 to 2.25, p=0.003). LIMITATIONS The findings of this research are limited by the survey data collected, the measures used and survey dropout. CONCLUSIONS We detected a bi-directional relationship between child and parent mental health, suggesting that effective intervention for one individual may benefit other family members.
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Mitchell KR, Erio T, Whitworth HS, Marwerwe G, Changalucha J, Baisley K, Lacey CJ, Hayes R, de SanJosé S, Watson-Jones D. Does the number of doses matter? A qualitative study of HPV vaccination acceptability nested in a dose reduction trial in Tanzania. Tumour Virus Res 2021; 12:200217. [PMID: 34051389 PMCID: PMC8233223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The multi-dose regimen is a known barrier to successful human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Emerging evidence suggests that one vaccine dose could protect against HPV. While there are clear advantages to a single dose schedule, beliefs about vaccine dosage in low and middle income countries (LMICs) are poorly understood. We investigated acceptability of dose-reduction among girls, and parents/guardians of girls, randomised to receive one, two or three doses in an HPV vaccine dose-reduction and immunobridging study (DoRIS trial) in Tanzania. Methods Semi-structured interviews with girls (n = 19), and parents/guardians of girls (n = 18), enrolled in the study and completing their vaccine course. Results Most participants said they entrusted decisions about the number of HPV vaccine doses to experts. Random allocation to the different dose groups did not feature highly in the decision to participate in the trial. Given a hypothetical choice, girls generally said they would prefer fewer doses in order to avoid the pain of injections. Parental views were mixed, with most wanting whichever dose was most efficacious. Nonetheless, a few parents equated a higher number of doses with greater protection. Conclusion Vaccine trials and programmes will need to employ careful messaging to explain that one dose offers sufficient protection against HPV should emerging evidence from ongoing dose-reduction clinical trials support this. We interviewed girls, and parents/carers of girls, enrolled in an HPV Vaccine dose reduction trial. We found that enrolling in the trial in the context of community rumours required trust in the trial scientists. Scientists were trusted to decide on dosage; thus randomisation by dosage was not an acceptability issue. Girls preferred fewer vaccine doses in order to avoid injection-related pain. Parents/guardians generally wanted whichever dose regimen was most efficacious.
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Thompson JA, Hemming K, Forbes A, Fielding K, Hayes R. Comparison of small-sample standard-error corrections for generalised estimating equations in stepped wedge cluster randomised trials with a binary outcome: A simulation study. Stat Methods Med Res 2021; 30:425-439. [PMID: 32970526 PMCID: PMC8008420 DOI: 10.1177/0962280220958735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Generalised estimating equations with the sandwich standard-error estimator provide a promising method of analysis for stepped wedge cluster randomised trials. However, they have inflated type-one error when used with a small number of clusters, which is common for stepped wedge cluster randomised trials. We present a large simulation study of binary outcomes comparing bias-corrected standard errors from Fay and Graubard; Mancl and DeRouen; Kauermann and Carroll; Morel, Bokossa, and Neerchal; and Mackinnon and White with an independent and exchangeable working correlation matrix. We constructed 95% confidence intervals using a t-distribution with degrees of freedom including clusters minus parameters (DFC-P), cluster periods minus parameters, and estimators from Fay and Graubard (DFFG), and Pan and Wall. Fay and Graubard and an approximation to Kauermann and Carroll (with simpler matrix inversion) were unbiased in a wide range of scenarios with an independent working correlation matrix and more than 12 clusters. They gave confidence intervals with close to 95% coverage with DFFG with 12 or more clusters, and DFC-P with 18 or more clusters. Both standard errors were conservative with fewer clusters. With an exchangeable working correlation matrix, approximated Kauermann and Carroll and Fay and Graubard had a small degree of under-coverage.
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Leeme TB, Mine M, Lechiile K, Mulenga F, Mosepele M, Mphoyakgosi T, Muthoga C, Ngidi J, Nkomo B, Ramaabya D, Tau M, Tenforde MW, Hayes R, Jarvis JN. Utility of CD4 count measurement in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy: an analysis of routine laboratory data in Botswana. HIV Med 2020; 22:1-10. [PMID: 32876378 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES National guidelines in Botswana recommend baseline CD4 count measurement and both CD4 and HIV viral load (VL) monitoring post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. We evaluated the utility of CD4 count measurement in Botswana in the era of universal ART. METHODS CD4 and VL data were analysed for HIV-infected adults undergoing CD4 count measurement in 2015-2017 at the Botswana Harvard HIV-Reference Laboratory. We determined (1) the proportion of individuals with advanced HIV disease (CD4 count < 200 cells/µL) at initial CD4 assessment, (2) the proportion with an initial CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/µL experiencing a subsequent decline in CD4 count to < 200 cells/µL, and (3) the proportion of these immunologically failing individuals who had virological failure. Logistic regression modelling examined factors associated with advanced HIV disease. CD4 count trajectories were assessed using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) regression. RESULTS Twenty-five per cent (3571/14 423) of individuals with an initial CD4 assessment during the study period had advanced HIV disease at baseline. Older age [≥ 35 years; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-2.1] and male sex were associated with advanced HIV disease. Fifty per cent (7163/14 423) of individuals had at least two CD4 counts during the study period. Of those with an initial CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/µL, 4% (180/5061) experienced a decline in CD4 count to < 200 cells/µL; the majority of CD4 count declines were in virologically suppressed individuals and transient. CONCLUSIONS One-quarter of HIV-positive individuals in Botswana still present with advanced HIV disease, highlighting the importance of baseline CD4 count measurement to identify this at-risk population. Few with a baseline CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/µL experienced a drop below 200 cells/µL, suggesting limited utility for ongoing CD4 monitoring.
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Marshall PK, Durdle A, Hayes R, Stevenson PG, Conlan XA. Why do street signs taste so good? A community ballistics project. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2019.1568551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Conlan XA, Durdle A, Pearson C, Hayes R, Woolley Z, Stevenson PG. Application of a digital stringing protocol on buried fabrics. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2019.1569142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bock P, Nel K, Fatti G, Sloot R, Ford N, Voget J, Gunst C, Grobbelaar N, Louis F, Floyd S, Hayes R, Ayles H, Beyers N, Fidler S. Renal dysfunction by baseline CD4 cell count in a cohort of adults starting antiretroviral treatment regardless of CD4 count in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 071 [HPTN 071; Population Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce HIV Transmission (PopART)] study in South Africa. HIV Med 2019; 20:392-403. [PMID: 30963667 PMCID: PMC6767782 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal dysfunction is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive individuals. This study evaluated renal dysfunction in a cohort of adults who started antiretroviral treatment (ART) regardless of CD4 count at three Department of Health (DOH) clinics included in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 071 (HPTN 071) Population Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce HIV Transmission (PopART) trial. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of routine data for HIV-positive individuals starting ART between January 2014 and November 2015 was completed. Incident renal dysfunction was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eEGFR) < 60 mL/min after ART initiation among individuals with a baseline (pre-ART) eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min. RESULTS Overall, 2423 individuals, with a median baseline CD4 count of 328 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 195-468 cells/μL], were included in the analysis. Forty-seven individuals had a baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min. Among 1634 nonpregnant individuals started on a tenofovir-containing ART regimen and with a baseline eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min, 27 developed an eGFR < 60 mL/min on ART. Regression analysis showed lower odds of baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min at baseline CD4 counts of > 500 cells/μL [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-0.80], 351-500 cells/μL (aOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.08-0.59) and 201-350 (aOR 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24-0.97) compared with baseline CD4 counts < 200 cells/μL. CONCLUSIONS This study showed low rates of renal dysfunction at baseline and on ART, with lower rates of baseline renal dysfunction among individuals with baseline CD4 counts > 200 cells/μL. Strategies that use baseline characteristics, such as age, to identify individuals at high risk of renal dysfunction on ART for enhanced eGFR monitoring may be effective and should be the subject of future research.
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Titheradge D, Hayes R, Longdon B, Allen K, Price A, Hansford L, Nye E, Ukoumunne O, Byford S, Norwich B, Fletcher M, Logan S, Ford T. Psychological distress among primary school teachers: a comparison with clinical and population samples. Public Health 2019; 166:53-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fava M, Durgam S, Earley W, Lu K, Hayes R, Laszlovszky I, Németh G. Efficacy of adjunctive low-dose cariprazine in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:312-321. [PMID: 30045066 PMCID: PMC6166709 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This 19-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of adjunctive cariprazine (0.1-0.3 and 1.0-2.0 mg/day) as an antidepressant treatment for adults with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) (NCT00854100). The primary endpoint was change in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score and the secondary was change in the Clinical Global Impression-Intensity score. Additional efficacy parameters were also assessed. A total of 231 patients were randomized. None of the predefined parameters reached significance for either cariprazine doses, but higher doses yielded numerically greater mean changes in MADRS and Clinical Global Impression-Intensity scores, and MADRS response and remission rates, compared with placebo. No differences were seen on any measures between cariprazine 0.1-0.3 mg/day and placebo. Cariprazine was relatively well tolerated, and common treatment-emergent adverse events (incidence ≥5% and twice the placebo group rate) in both dosage groups included headache, arthralgia, restlessness, fatigue, increased appetite, insomnia, dry mouth, and constipation. In conclusion, both cariprazine doses were relatively well tolerated; although differences were not statistically significant, patients treated with cariprazine 1.0-2.0 mg/day had greater mean decreases in measures of depression symptoms compared with placebo, which is consistent with another adjunctive cariprazine MDD study, and thus warrants further investigation.
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Sabapathy K, Mulubwa C, Mathema H, Mubekapi‐Musadaidzwa C, Schaap A, Hoddinott G, Hargreaves J, Floyd S, Ayles H, Hayes R. Is home-based HIV testing universally acceptable? Findings from a case-control study nested within the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:678-690. [PMID: 29608231 PMCID: PMC6001569 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The HPTN 071 (PopART) trial is examining the impact of a package including universal testing and treatment on community-level HIV incidence in Zambia and South Africa. We conducted a nested case-control study to examine factors associated with acceptance of home-based HIV testing and counselling (HB-HTC) delivered by community HIV-care providers (CHiPs) in PopART intervention communities. METHODS Of 295 447 individuals who were offered testing, random samples of individuals who declined HB-HTC (cases) and accepted HB-HTC (controls), stratified by gender and community, were selected. Odds ratios comparing cases and controls were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Data from 642 participants (313 cases, 329 controls) were analysed. There were no differences between cases and controls by demographic or behavioural characteristics including age, marital or socio-economic position. Participants who felt they could be open with CHiPs (AOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30-0.71, P < 0.001); self-reported as not previously tested (AOR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43-0.95, P = 0.03); considered HTC at home to be convenient (AOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.27-0.54, P = 0.001); knowing others who had accepted HB-HTC from the CHiPs (AOR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31-0.77, P = 0.002); or were motivated to get treatment without delay (AOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43-0.85, P = 0.004) were less likely to decline the offer of HB-HCT. Those who self-reported high-risk sexual behaviour were also less likely to decline HB-HCT (AOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.93, P = 0.02). Having stigmatising attitudes about HB-HTC was not an important barrier to HB-HCT uptake. Men who reported fear of HIV were more likely to decline HB-HCT (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.33-5.38, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Acceptance of HB-HTC was associated with lack of previous HIV testing, positive attitudes about HIV services/treatment and perception of high sexual risk. Uptake of HB-HCT among those offered it was similar across a range of demographic and behavioural subgroups suggesting it was 'universally' acceptable.
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Zalawadiya S, Lindenfeld J, Shah A, Wigger M, Keebler M, Danter M, Brinkley M, Menachem J, Sacks S, Ooi H, Chung C, Perri R, Awad J, Smith S, Hayes R, Rueda Rios C, O’Dell H, Darragh C, Ruzevich-Scholl S, Schlendorf K. Trends in Renal Function Among Heart Transplant Recipients of Donors With Hepatitis C. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Zalawadiya S, Lindenfeld J, Haddad E, Wigger M, Danter M, Keebler M, Brinkley M, Menachem J, Sacks S, Ooi H, Perri R, Chung C, Awad J, Smith S, Hayes R, O’Dell H, Darragh C, Ruzevich-Scholl S, Schlendorf K. Intracoronary Intimal Thickness in Recipients of Hepatitis C-Positive Donor Hearts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
In nuclear forensics or accident dosimetry, building materials such as bricks can be used to retrospectively determine radiation fields using thermoluminescence and/or optically stimulated luminescence. A major problem with brick material is that significant chemical processing is generally necessary to isolate the quartz from the brick. In this study, a simplified treatment process has been tested in an effort to lessen the processing burden for retrospective dosimetry studies. It was found that by using thermoluminescence responses, the dose deposition profile of a brick sample could be reconstructed without any chemical treatment. This method was tested by estimating the gamma-ray energies of an Am source from the dose deposition in a brick. The results demonstrated the ability to retrospectively measure the source energy with an overall energy resolution of approximately 6 keV. This technique has the potential to greatly expedite dose reconstructions in the wake of nuclear accidents or for any related application where doses of interest are large compared to overall process system noise.
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Schlendorf K, Zalawadiya S, Shah A, Wigger M, Chung C, Danter M, Keebler M, Brinkley D, Menachem J, Brown Sacks S, Ooi H, Perri R, Awad J, Smith S, Hayes R, O'dell H, Darragh C, Carver A, Edmonds C, Ruzevich-Scholl S, Lindenfeld J. Early Outcomes Using Hepatitis C-Exposed Donors for Cardiac Transplantation in the Era of Effective Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatments. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Boerma B, Hayes R, Moen A, Williams AT. Recent changes in mental health legislation and government policy in psychiatric care in Australia. PSYCHIATRIC BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.19.5.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There have been a number of recent changes in mental health care legislation in Australia some of which mirror the changes that have occurred in the UK. These are reviewed within the context of the differing health care system in Australia and with particular reference to the State of New South Wales.
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Price A, Allen K, Ukoumunne OC, Hayes R, Ford T. Examining the psychological and social impact of relative age in primary school children: a cross-sectional survey. Child Care Health Dev 2017; 43:891-898. [PMID: 28547806 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies demonstrate that children who are younger within their school year have poorer academic attainment and are more likely to have special educational needs. Few, however, have considered the impact relative age may have on child mental health, behaviour and happiness in school. METHODS This paper utilized data from the Supporting Teachers and Children in Schools study (2075 pupils aged 5 to 9 years from 80 primary schools) to explore the relationship among relative age, behaviour and happiness in school. Behavioural and emotional development was assessed by using the teacher-reported and parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Pupil Behaviour Questionnaire. Children's happiness within school was assessed by using the How I Feel About My School Questionnaire. RESULTS Relatively younger children had higher Total Difficulties scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire than their peers. There was a mean increase per 30-day decrease in relative age of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.16; p = 0.007) in teacher-reported and 0.08 (0.001 to 0.16; p = 0.05) in parent-reported scores. There was little evidence of a relationship between relative age and children's behaviour and happiness in school. CONCLUSIONS For children with complex difficulties, being relatively young for their school year may be an additional stressor that may undermine mental health.
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Kotzerke J, Davis SA, Hayes R, Horadam KJ. Newborn and infant discrimination: revisiting footprints. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2017.1324582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li W, Youssef G, Procter-Gray E, Olendzki B, Cornish T, Hayes R, Churchill L, Kane K, Brown K, Magee MF. Racial Differences in Eating Patterns and Food Purchasing Behaviors among Urban Older Women. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1190-1199. [PMID: 29188879 PMCID: PMC5726305 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in diet and food purchasing behaviors between Black and White older women living in urban neighborhoods. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Urban neighborhoods in Washington, DC, USA. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling White and Black women of age 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS Participants were queried on diet via 24-hour recalls, food purchasing habits, their use of neighborhood resources and local travel patterns. Frequency and location of self-reported food purchasing and consumption were compared by race. RESULTS In 2014 and 2015, 49 White and 44 Black older women were enrolled in the study. Compared to Whites, Blacks reported lower daily caloric intake (mean (SD) 1314 (404) vs. 1529 (448), p=0.02), with a higher percent of calories from protein and fat 1.8 (7.0), p=0.03), and a slightly higher polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio (p=0.05). Blacks had substantially lower alternate healthy eating index (AHEI) (33.5 (10.2) vs. 43.9 (10.8) of 80 possible points, p<0.001), daily intake (grams) of total fiber (15.3 (8.1) vs. 22.9 (8.5), p<0.001), insoluble fiber (10.8 (6.9) vs. 15.9 (6.5), p<0.001), and soluble fiber (4.5 (2.0) vs. 6.9 (2.8), p<0.001). Blacks had lower intake of micronutrients, alcohol and caffeine. Blacks shopped for groceries less often (4.4 (3.0) vs. 6.2 (3.0) monthly; p=0.006) and spent a longer time traveling to stores (15.8 (9.1) vs. 11.5 (7.2) minutes per trip, p=0.02). A lower percent of Blacks walked to stores (14% vs. 40%, p=0.003) and a higher percent of Blacks rode in a car with someone else (33% vs. 6%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In an urban setting, food consumption and purchasing behaviors differed substantially between older Black and White women, which should be further investigated and considered to promote healthy eating in older populations.
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Kotzerke J, Hao H, Davis SA, Hayes R, Spreeuwers LJ, Veldhuis RNJ, Horadam KJ. Identification performance of evidential value estimation for ridge-based biometrics. EURASIP JOURNAL ON INFORMATION SECURITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s13635-016-0050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Murphy C, Hayes R, McDermott M, Kearns GJ. Odontogenic myxoma of the maxilla: surgical management and case report. Ir J Med Sci 2016; 186:243-246. [PMID: 26975322 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-016-1408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic myxoma is a benign odontogenic tumour of the jaw [1]. This tumour often presents as an asymptomatic expansile lesion without sensory nerve changes [2]. It is thought to arise from mesenchymal origin with cells of microscopic similarity to dental pulp and follicle [3]. Radiographically it presents most often as a multiloculated radiolucency [2]. It is a locally aggressive lesion which may require extensive treatment to prevent recurrence. METHOD The authors present the case of a 13-year-old boy with an extensive lesion in the maxilla. CONCLUSION We discuss various treatment approaches for management of this tumour.
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Sugg S, Hayes R, Gbenon A, Lizarraga I, Erdahl L, Weigel R, Liao J, Menda Y, Scott-Conner C. Abstract P3-01-11: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization is highly successful after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p3-01-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Recent multi-center trial results are concerning for the ability to identify SLNs after NCT. SLN localization was shown to be less successful (80%) after NCT when compared with no NCT (99%) (SENTINA), and the SLN identification rate in Z1071 in which all patients received NCT was 93%.
Purpose: To examine the effect of NCT, patient and disease characteristics, imaging and surgical technique on SLN localization rates in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: Retrospective, single institution study was performed on patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer from January 2008 to December 2013. All patients who underwent SLN biopsy and either adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) or NCT, were included. All patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy, and SLN biopsy was performed with the definitive breast surgery.
Results: 68 patients underwent NCT, and 133 underwent ACT. Our SLN localization rate was 198/201 (98.5%) overall; 98.6% (67 of 68) with NCT and 97.7% (130/133) with ACT (p=1.0). Compared with the NCT group, the ACT patients were significantly older, white, with more ER/PR positive tumors. The NCT group had more positive nodes on preop imaging (64% v. 20%, p<0.001), FNA (82% v. 22%, p<0.001), and a lower use of blue dye (37% v. 61%, p=0.05) but there were no differences in the number of SLN removed (1.43 v. 1.33 p=0.32), or nodes that were positive on intraoperative evaluation (30 v. 33%, p=0.75). Comparing the patients who had successful and failed SLN localization, there were no differences in demographics, tumor type, Stage, prior breast surgery, preoperative node positivity on imaging or FNA or timing of chemotherapy.
Conclusion: In this single institution series, SLN non-localization was a rare event and not associated with NCT. We were unable to identify any patient or disease characteristics, imaging or surgical techniques associated with SLN non-localization. The etiology of the lower SLN identification rates with NCT in multi-institutional trials remains to be elucidated.
Citation Format: Sugg S, Hayes R, Gbenon A, Lizarraga I, Erdahl L, Weigel R, Liao J, Menda Y, Scott-Conner C. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization is highly successful after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-11.
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Murphy T, Hayes R, Imberti S, Warr GG, Atkin R. Ionic liquid nanostructure enables alcohol self assembly. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12797-809. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Weakly structured solutions are formed from mixtures of one or more amphiphiles and a polar solvent (usually water), and often contain additional organic components.
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Hargreaves JR, Stangl A, Bond V, Hoddinott G, Krishnaratne S, Mathema H, Moyo M, Viljoen L, Brady L, Sievwright K, Horn L, Sabapathy K, Ayles H, Beyers N, Bock P, Fidler S, Griffith S, Seeley J, Hayes R. P14.13 Hiv-related stigma and universal testing and treatment for hiv prevention and care: design of an implementation science evaluation nested in the hptn 071 (popart) cluster-randomised trial in zambia and south africa. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas are common benign tumours of infancy affecting up to 10% of children. They are typically not present at birth but undergo a rapid proliferation stage and then plateau in growth before resolving spontaneously. Recently, beta-blockers have been favoured over systemic corticosteroids for treatment of disfiguring or life-threatening infantile hemangiomas. We present a case of an 11-week-old female with a 7 week history of an evolving hemangioma along a facial V2 distribution. Physical exam revealed a well-defined bright red plaque over the right zygoma and lower eyelid. MRI, echocardiograph, and liver ultrasound were normal. Patient was treated with nadolol and had a rapid and substantial regression of the hemangioma. Nadolol is an effective treatment option for disfiguring facial infantile hemangioma. The use of beta-blockers as treatment offers clues into the pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma, which is not yet completely understood
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Popovich KJ, Hota B, Hayes R, Weinstein RA, Hayden MK. Effectiveness of Routine Patient Cleansing with Chlorhexidine Gluconate for Infection Prevention in the Medical Intensive Care Unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 30:959-63. [DOI: 10.1086/605925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background.Controlled studies that took place in medical intensive care units (MICUs) have demonstrated that bathing patients with Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) can reduce skin colonization with potential pathogens and can lessen the risk of central venous catheter (CVC)-associated bloodstream infection (BSI).Objective.TO examine, without oversight of practice by research study staff, the effectiveness or real-world effect of patient cleansing with CHG on rates of CVC-associated BSI.Design.In the fall of 2005, the MICU at Rush University Medical Center discontinued bathing patients daily with soap and water and substituted skin cleansing with no-rinse, 2% CHG-impregnated cloths. This change was a clinical management decision without research input.Setting.A 21-bed MICU at Rush University Medical Center.Patients.Patients hospitalized in the MICU during the period from September 2004 through October 2006.Methods.In a pre-post study design, we gathered data from administrative and laboratory databases, infection control practitioner logs, and patient medical charts to compare rates of CVC-associated BSI and blood culture contamination between the baseline soap-and-water bathing period (September 2004-October 2005) and the CHG bathing period (November 2005-October 2006). Rates of secondary BSI, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and urinary tract infection (UTI) served as control variables that were not expected to be affected by CHG bathing.Results.Bathing with CHG was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the rate of CVC-associated BSI (from 5.31 to 0.69 cases per 1,000 CVC-days; P = .006) and in the rate of blood culture contamination (from 6.99 to 4.1 cases per 1,000 patient-days; P = .04). Rates of secondary BSI, CDI, VAP, and UTI did not change significantly.Conclusions.In our analysis of real-world practice, daily bathing of MICU patients with CHG was effective at reducing rates of CVC-associated BSI and blood culture contamination. Controlled studies are needed to determine whether these beneficial effects extend outside the MICU.
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Pilgrim W, Hayes R, Hanson DW, Zhang B, Boudreau B, Leonfellner S. Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Malignant Melanoma): New Cases, Treatment Practice, and Health Care Costs in New Brunswick, Canada, 2002–2010. J Cutan Med Surg 2014; 18:320-31. [DOI: 10.2310/7750.2014.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: In Canada, there is no formal process for registering nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC); thus, the epidemiology, treatment practices, and associated health costs are not well known. Objectives: To investigate trends in new cases of skin cancer, treatment practices, and health care costs in New Brunswick, Canada. Methods: Data were extracted from the Provincial Cancer Registry and New Brunswick administrative health databases for 2002–2010. Results: New cases: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) was the most common skin cancer diagnosed, and incidence rates significantly increased between 1992 and 2010. Treatment practice: Dermatologists managed the majority (45%) of the overall skin cancer treatments. Health care costs: NMSC accounted for ˜80% of the health care costs for skin cancer and was dominated by BCC. Conclusions: Development of best practice treatment guidelines for NMSC in New Brunswick would improve future health care efficiencies, and standard protocols for registering new cases of NMSC in Canada would strengthen surveillance and reporting capacity.
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Bogdanowicz KM, Stewart R, Broadbent M, Hatch SL, Hotopf M, Strang J, Hayes R. OR03-4 * PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND EXCESS ALL-CAUSE AND CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY IN OPIOID ADDICTS. Alcohol Alcohol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu053.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hayes R, Freeman PA, Mulvaney P, Grieser F, Healy TW, Furlong DN. The effects of pH and adsorbed hydrolysed metal ions on the photodissolution of colloidal cadmium sulphide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19870910313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mohamed M, Hayes R, Mosetlhi T. A man with acute venous thromboembolism and thrombocytopenia. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia. BMJ 2014; 348:g1164. [PMID: 24493671 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Murphy T, Hayes R, Imberti S, Warr GG, Atkin R. Nanostructure of an ionic liquid–glycerol mixture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:13182-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mohamed M, Hayes R. Quinine-induced severe thrombocytopenia: the importance of taking a detailed drug history. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-200631. [PMID: 24092609 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-200631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs can lead to severe life-threatening thrombocytopenia. The mechanisms of drug-induced thrombocytopenia are increased destruction by immune-mediated platelet destruction or decreased platelet production by bone marrow suppression. Quinine is a drug used for the treatment of malaria and nocturnal leg cramps and is also an important ingredient in some herbal preparations. Quinine can very rarely cause thrombocytopenia by immune-mediated platelet destruction. In a patient with thrombocytopenia, a detailed history of all the medications including over-the-counter medications and herbal preparations is very important.
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Khalafallah A, Grabek J, Hayes R, Mohamed M. Bleeding associated with acquired factor V inhibitor in a patient on warfarin treated successfully with prednisolone. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr2013010018. [PMID: 23921688 PMCID: PMC3762120 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An 85-year-old man on warfarin for atrial fibrillation presented with skin bleeding. International normalised ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were elevated and did not correct even after warfarin reversal with vitamin K, prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and fresh frozen plasma. Mixing coagulation studies with normal plasma suggested the presence of an inhibitor rather than the multiple coagulation factor deficiencies expected with warfarin. Assays of the common-pathway coagulation factors revealed factor V concentration <2% with inhibitor level elevated to 11 Bethesda units. The bleeding resolved following a course of corticosteroids. Coagulation studies and factor V level returned to normal along with resolution of the inhibitor. We report the case of the diagnostic dilemma posed and successful therapy implemented despite the limited evidence-based data being available for the treatment of this rare condition.
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Houlihan CF, Sanjosé SD, Baisley K, Changalucha J, Ross D, Kapiga S, Godinez JM, Bozicevic I, Hayes R, Watson-Jones D. P3.056 Prevalent Human Papillomavirus in Tanzanian Adolescent Girls Who Report Not Having Passed Sexual Debut. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hayes R, Imberti S, Warr GG, Atkin R. The Nature of Hydrogen Bonding in Protic Ionic Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hayes R, Imberti S, Warr GG, Atkin R. The Nature of Hydrogen Bonding in Protic Ionic Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4623-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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