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Hinz C, Jahnke S, Metzner R, Pflugfelder D, Scheins J, Streun M, Koller R. Setup and characterisation according to NEMA NU 4 of the phenoPET scanner, a PET system dedicated for plant sciences. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055019. [PMID: 38271724 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad22a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective.ThephenoPET system is a plant dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) scanner consisting of fully digital photo multipliers with lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate crystals and located inside a custom climate chamber. Here, we present the setup ofphenoPET, its data processing and image reconstruction together with its performance.Approach.The performance characterization follows the national electrical manufacturers association (NEMA) standard for small animal PET systems with a number of adoptions due to the vertical oriented bore of a PET for plant sciences. In addition temperature stability and spatial resolution with a hot rod phantom are addressed.Main results.The spatial resolution for a22Na point source at a radial distance of 5 mm to the center of the field-of-view (FOV) is 1.45 mm, 0.82 mm and 1.88 mm with filtered back projection in radial, tangential and axial direction, respectively. A hot rod phantom with18F gives a spatial resolution of up to 1.6 mm. The peak noise-equivalent count rates are 550 kcps @ 35.08 MBq, 308 kcps @ 33 MBq and 45 kcps @ 40.60 MBq for the mouse, rat and monkey size scatter phantoms, respectively. The scatter fractions for these phantoms are 12.63%, 22.64% and 55.90%. We observe a peak sensitivity of up to 3.6% and a total sensitivity of up toSA,tot= 2.17%. For the NEMA image quality phantom we observe a uniformity of %STD= 4.22% with ordinary Poisson maximum likelihood expectation-maximization with 52 iterations. Here, recovery coefficients of 0.12, 0.64, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.91 for 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm rods are obtained and spill-over ratios of 0.08 and 0.14 for the water-filled and air-filled inserts, respectively.Significance.ThephenoPET and its laboratory are now in routine operation for the administration of [11C]CO2and non-invasive measurement of transport and allocation of11C-labelled photoassimilates in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Hinz
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Jahnke
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf Metzner
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Pflugfelder
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheins
- INM-4: Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Matthias Streun
- ZEA-2: Electronic Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Han Y, Georgii E, Priego-Cubero S, Wurm CJ, Hüther P, Huber G, Koller R, Becker C, Durner J, Lindermayr C. Arabidopsis histone deacetylase HD2A and HD2B regulate seed dormancy by repressing DELAY OF GERMINATION 1. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1124899. [PMID: 37313253 PMCID: PMC10258333 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a crucial developmental transition that affects the adaption and survival of plants. Arabidopsis DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) is known as a master regulator of seed dormancy. However, although several upstream factors of DOG1 have been reported, the exact regulation of DOG1 is not fully understood. Histone acetylation is an important regulatory layer, controlled by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases. Histone acetylation strongly correlates with transcriptionally active chromatin, whereas heterochromatin is generally characterized by hypoacetylated histones. Here we describe that loss of function of two plant-specific histone deacetylases, HD2A and HD2B, resulted in enhanced seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, the silencing of HD2A and HD2B caused hyperacetylation of the DOG1 locus and promoted the expression of DOG1 during seed maturation and imbibition. Knockout of DOG1 could rescue the seed dormancy and partly rescue the disturbed development phenotype of hd2ahd2b. Transcriptomic analysis of the hd2ahd2b line shows that many genes involved in seed development were impaired. Moreover, we demonstrated that HSI2 and HSL1 interact with HD2A and HD2B. In sum, these results suggest that HSI2 and HSL1 might recruit HD2A and HD2B to DOG1 to negatively regulate DOG1 expression and to reduce seed dormancy, consequently, affecting seed development during seed maturation and promoting seed germination during imbibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Han
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Georgii
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | | | - Christoph J. Wurm
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | - Patrick Hüther
- Genetics, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Gregor Huber
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claude Becker
- Genetics, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, München, Germany
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Pflugfelder D, Kochs J, Koller R, Jahnke S, Mohl C, Pariyar S, Fassbender H, Nagel KA, Watt M, van Dusschoten D. The root system architecture of wheat establishing in soil is associated with varying elongation rates of seminal roots: quantification using 4D magnetic resonance imaging. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2050-2060. [PMID: 34918078 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seedling establishment is the first stage of crop productivity, and root phenotypes at seed emergence are critical to a successful start of shoot growth as well as for water and nutrient uptake. In this study, we investigate seedling establishment in winter wheat utilizing a newly developed workflow based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using the eight parents of the MAGIC (multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross) population we analysed the 4D root architecture of 288 individual seedlings grown in natural soils with plant neighbors over 3 d of development. Time of root and shoot emergence, total length, angle, and depth of the axile roots varied significantly among these genotypes. The temporal data resolved rates of elongation of primary roots and first and second seminal root pairs. Genotypes with slowly elongating primary roots had rapidly elongating first and second seminal root pairs and vice versa, resulting in variation in root system architecture mediated not only by root angle but also by initiation and relative elongation of axile roots. We demonstrated that our novel MRI workflow with a unique planting design and automated measurements allowed medium throughput phenotyping of wheat roots in 4D and could give new insights into regulation of root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pflugfelder
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Kochs
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Jahnke
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Biodiversity, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Carola Mohl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Shree Pariyar
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Heike Fassbender
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin A Nagel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michelle Watt
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010Australia
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Metzner R, Chlubek A, Bühler J, Pflugfelder D, Schurr U, Huber G, Koller R, Jahnke S. In Vivo Imaging and Quantification of Carbon Tracer Dynamics in Nodulated Root Systems of Pea Plants. Plants 2022; 11:plants11050632. [PMID: 35270102 PMCID: PMC8912644 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Legumes associate with root colonizing rhizobia that provide fixed nitrogen to its plant host in exchange for recently fixed carbon. There is a lack of understanding of how individual plants modulate carbon allocation to a nodulated root system as a dynamic response to abiotic stimuli. One reason is that most approaches are based on destructive sampling, making quantification of localised carbon allocation dynamics in the root system difficult. We established an experimental workflow for routinely using non-invasive Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to follow the allocation of leaf-supplied 11C tracer towards individual nodules in a three-dimensional (3D) root system of pea (Pisum sativum). Nitrate was used for triggering a reduction of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), which was expected to rapidly affect carbon allocation dynamics in the root-nodule system. The nitrate treatment led to a decrease in 11C tracer allocation to nodules by 40% to 47% in 5 treated plants while the variation in control plants was less than 11%. The established experimental pipeline enabled for the first time that several plants could consistently be labelled and measured using 11C tracers in a PET approach to quantify C-allocation to individual nodules following a BNF reduction. Our study demonstrates the strength of using 11C tracers in a PET approach for non-invasive quantification of dynamic carbon allocation in several growing plants over several days. A major advantage of the approach is the possibility to investigate carbon dynamics in small regions of interest in a 3D system such as nodules in comparison to whole plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Metzner
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-24-6161-3256
| | - Antonia Chlubek
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Jonas Bühler
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Daniel Pflugfelder
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Gregor Huber
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Robert Koller
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Siegfried Jahnke
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
- Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Blagodatskaya E, Tarkka M, Knief C, Koller R, Peth S, Schmidt V, Spielvogel S, Uteau D, Weber M, Razavi BS. Bridging Microbial Functional Traits With Localized Process Rates at Soil Interfaces. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625697. [PMID: 34777265 PMCID: PMC8581545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we introduce microbially-mediated soil processes, players, their functional traits, and their links to processes at biogeochemical interfaces [e.g., rhizosphere, detritusphere, (bio)-pores, and aggregate surfaces]. A conceptual view emphasizes the central role of the rhizosphere in interactions with other biogeochemical interfaces, considering biotic and abiotic dynamic drivers. We discuss the applicability of three groups of traits based on microbial physiology, activity state, and genomic functional traits to reflect microbial growth in soil. The sensitivity and credibility of modern molecular approaches to estimate microbial-specific growth rates require further development. A link between functional traits determined by physiological (e.g., respiration, biomarkers) and genomic (e.g., genome size, number of ribosomal gene copies per genome, expression of catabolic versus biosynthetic genes) approaches is strongly affected by environmental conditions such as carbon, nutrient availability, and ecosystem type. Therefore, we address the role of soil physico-chemical conditions and trophic interactions as drivers of microbially-mediated soil processes at relevant scales for process localization. The strengths and weaknesses of current approaches (destructive, non-destructive, and predictive) for assessing process localization and the corresponding estimates of process rates are linked to the challenges for modeling microbially-mediated processes in heterogeneous soil microhabitats. Finally, we introduce a conceptual self-regulatory mechanism based on the flexible structure of active microbial communities. Microbial taxa best suited to each successional stage of substrate decomposition become dominant and alter the community structure. The rates of decomposition of organic compounds, therefore, are dependent on the functional traits of dominant taxa and microbial strategies, which are selected and driven by the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mika Tarkka
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle–Jena–Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Knief
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation – Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Peth
- Institute of Soil Science, University of Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Spielvogel
- Department Soil Science, Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Uteau
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Bahar S. Razavi
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Bonkowski M, Tarkka M, Razavi BS, Schmidt H, Blagodatskaya E, Koller R, Yu P, Knief C, Hochholdinger F, Vetterlein D. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Root Growth and Its Potential Consequences for the Assembly of the Rhizosphere Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:619499. [PMID: 33815308 PMCID: PMC8010349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.619499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that plants selectively recruit microbes from the soil to establish a complex, yet stable and quite predictable microbial community on their roots – their “microbiome.” Microbiome assembly is considered as a key process in the self-organization of root systems. A fundamental question for understanding plant-microbe relationships is where a predictable microbiome is formed along the root axis and through which microbial dynamics the stable formation of a microbiome is challenged. Using maize as a model species for which numerous data on dynamic root traits are available, this mini-review aims to give an integrative overview on the dynamic nature of root growth and its consequences for microbiome assembly based on theoretical considerations from microbial community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mika Tarkka
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bahar S Razavi
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peng Yu
- Emmy Noether Group Root Functional Biology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Knief
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Doris Vetterlein
- Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany.,Soil Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Thiollet-Scholtus M, Muller A, Bailly C, Koller R, Ley L, Nassr N, Nibaudeau R, Rabolin-Meinrad C, Weissbart J. Success of organic and biodynamic system experiment to produce high quality wines. BIO Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191501032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing input use and in particular pesticide use is very important in OIV 2018 new resolutions. Also Europe and France promote research and co-design with winegrowers in more sustainable viticulture according to a combination of climate change. It is also very important to take into account soil diversity and Protected Designation Areas constraints to make sure that new wines will ensure the sustainability of the wineries. This study explores design, experiment and assess of new realistic viticulture production systems located in Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) areas and with already organic or biodynamic certification for six consecutive years, in winery production conditions. It also discusses the chosen assessment indicators and the adoption of such new production systems by winegrowers. Eleven cases were studied in a system experiment network in Alsace (France) and in six consecutive production years. Contrasted production years, PDO areas combined to organic or biodynamic certification allow testing the resilience of experimented systems over time. Combination of new practices are tested to drastically reduce input and in particular pesticide. Assessed performances of the systems deal with 14 main indicators: social acceptability (1) and economic viability (1), agronomy (yield (1), harvested berries quality (2), fungi damage (3), soil quality (1), and wine sensorial analysis (1) and environment (Frequency Treatment Index (1), Cupper rate (1), INDIGO® method (2)). Several innovations were selected by co-design with winegrowers: adding essential oil and Propolis to copper spraying; total grass cover of the vine site; new decision rules for rate and time pesticide spraying; decision aid tool; resistant grape varieties planted. The assessment results support that the performance of the 14 indicators is very good for most of the eleven systems during the six assessed years. Combinations of tested innovations are neither dangerous nor difficult to enforce in the field by the vineworkers. Innovations do not increase the cost of grape production. The yield ratios were satisfactory the 6-yeared of observation because calculated yield match with targeted yield. Harvested berries quality support that the 7 vine sites succeed in targeted total acidity and sugar rate according to the different PDO conditions every years. Wines were Alsace or Grand Cru PDO labelled and successful marketed. At least, the Treatment Frequency Index is reduced by an average of 40% for all vine sites and assessed years. TFI can be reduced at a maximum of 89% and TFI median is 38%. Cupper rate can be reduced at a maximum of 97% and Cupper rate median is 54%. I-pest from INDIGO® method indicate a minimal risk taking for groundwater, surface water, air and beneficial organisms contamination. And finally, flora richness indicator is stable or steadily increases during the 6 study years. In this study, we demonstrated that drastically monitoring reduction of pesticide and other inputs is possible. Chosen indicators allow a exhaustive assessment, but could also been aggregated all together to give a synthetic information to winegrowers and make them easier to adopt the innovative systems. Introduction of innovation combinations in highly sustainable organic and biodymanic systems are validated to produce high quality wines. Now, it is possible to serenely promote and disseminate these highly sustainable innovative systems, taking into account of course vineyard diversity.
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Nabel M, Schrey SD, Poorter H, Koller R, Nagel KA, Temperton VM, Dietrich CC, Briese C, Jablonowski ND. Coming Late for Dinner: Localized Digestate Depot Fertilization for Extensive Cultivation of Marginal Soil With Sida hermaphrodita. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1095. [PMID: 30131816 PMCID: PMC6090160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Improving fertility of marginal soils for the sustainable production of biomass is a strategy for reducing land use conflicts between food and energy crops. Digestates can be used as fertilizer and for soil amelioration. In order to promote plant growth and reduce potential adverse effects on roots because of broadcast digestate fertilization, we propose to apply local digestate depots placed into the rhizosphere. We grew Sida hermaphrodita in large mesocosms outdoors for three growing seasons and in rhizotrons in the greenhouse for 3 months both filled with marginal substrate, including multiple sampling dates. We compared digestate broadcast application with digestate depot fertilization and a mineral fertilizer control. We show that depot fertilization promotes a deep reaching root system of S. hermaphrodita seedlings followed by the formation of a dense root cluster around the depot-fertilized zone, resulting in a fivefold increased biomass yield. Temporal adverse effects on root growth were linked to high initial concentrations of ammonium and nitrite in the rhizosphere in either fertilizer application, followed by a high biomass increase after its microbial conversion to nitrate. We conclude that digestate depot fertilization can contribute to an improved cultivation of perennial energy-crops on marginal soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Nabel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Silvia D. Schrey
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin A. Nagel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte C. Dietrich
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christoph Briese
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolai D. Jablonowski
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Koller R, Abayev S. Immediate Reconstruction after skin sparing or nipple sparing mastectomy with implants – Direct to implant or expander? Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Koller R, Abayev S. Implants versus Tissue Flaps in Reconstructive Breast Surgery Morbidity and Complications – Results of a Single Breast Health Center in Central Europe. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Girsch W, Bijak M, Heger G, Koller R, Lanmüller H, Mayr W, Thoma H, Losert U. Monitoring of Fes-Induced Muscle Activity by Continuous Emg-Recording. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889501800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) requires information on the stimulated muscle for adjustment of the stimulation current, avoidance of muscle fatigue during the conditioning period and long term follow-up. Several applications of chronical FES are in clinical practice, but a system for direct registration of muscle activity under FES still does not exist. In six sheep the right Latissimus Dorsi Muscle (LDM) and Thoracodorsal Nerve were exposed. Stimulation electrodes were applied to each nerve and 3 EMG-applied sensing electrodes were placed into each LDM. The LDM tendon was connected to a force transducer. Burst stimulation was applied and the amplitude was increased from 0 to 4 mA in steps from burst to burst. EMG (M-wave) was amplified and recorded continuously via modified instrumentation amplifier, oscilloscope and tape recorder. Isometric muscle tension was recorded using force transducer, AID interface and PC. Continuous EMG-recording was performed in all cases. Simultaneous recording of muscle tension and EMG revealed a close correlation (lrl=0.95, p < 0.0001) between muscle strength and amplitude of the M-wave. Continuous recording of the EMG seems to be a reliable method for direct monitoring of the stimulated muscle. Three intramuscular electrodes can provide enough information to monitor FES induced muscle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Girsch
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Vienna - Austria
| | - M Bijak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, University of Vienna - Austria
| | - G. Heger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, University of Vienna - Austria
| | - R. Koller
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Vienna - Austria
| | - H. Lanmüller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, University of Vienna - Austria
| | - W. Mayr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, University of Vienna - Austria
| | - H. Thoma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, University of Vienna - Austria
| | - U. Losert
- Department for Biomedical Investigation, University of Vienna - Austria
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12
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Pflugfelder D, Metzner R, van Dusschoten D, Reichel R, Jahnke S, Koller R. Non-invasive imaging of plant roots in different soils using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Plant Methods 2017; 13:102. [PMID: 29177002 PMCID: PMC5693507 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root systems are highly plastic and adapt according to their soil environment. Studying the particular influence of soils on root development necessitates the adaptation and evaluation of imaging methods for multiple substrates. Non-invasive 3D root images in soil can be obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Not all substrates, however, are suitable for MRI. Using barley as a model plant we investigated the achievable image quality and the suitability for root phenotyping of six commercially available natural soil substrates of commonly occurring soil textures. The results are compared with two artificially composed substrates previously documented for MRI root imaging. RESULTS In five out of the eight tested substrates, barley lateral roots with diameters below 300 µm could still be resolved. In two other soils, only the thicker barley seminal roots were detectable. For these two substrates the minimal detectable root diameter was between 400 and 500 µm. Only one soil did not allow imaging of the roots with MRI. In the artificially composed substrates, soil moisture above 70% of the maximal water holding capacity (WHCmax) impeded root imaging. For the natural soil substrates, soil moisture had no effect on MRI root image quality in the investigated range of 50-80% WHCmax. CONCLUSIONS Almost all tested natural soil substrates allowed for root imaging using MRI. Half of these substrates resulted in root images comparable to our current lab standard substrate, allowing root detection down to a diameter of 300 µm. These soils were used as supplied by the vendor and, in particular, removal of ferromagnetic particles was not necessary. With the characterization of different soils, investigations such as trait stability across substrates are now possible using noninvasive MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pflugfelder
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Metzner
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar van Dusschoten
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Jahnke
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
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13
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Van Hoesel W, Tiefenbacher A, König N, Dorn VM, Hagenguth JF, Prah U, Widhalm T, Wiklicky V, Koller R, Bonkowski M, Lagerlöf J, Ratzenböck A, Zaller JG. Single and Combined Effects of Pesticide Seed Dressings and Herbicides on Earthworms, Soil Microorganisms, and Litter Decomposition. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:215. [PMID: 28270821 PMCID: PMC5318401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed dressing, i.e., the treatment of crop seeds with insecticides and/or fungicides, aiming to protect seeds from pests and diseases, is widely used in conventional agriculture. During the growing season, those crop fields often receive additional broadband herbicide applications. However, despite this broad utilization, very little is known on potential side effects or interactions between these different pesticide classes on soil organisms. In a greenhouse pot experiment, we studied single and interactive effects of seed dressing of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Capo) with neonicotinoid insecticides and/or strobilurin and triazolinthione fungicides and an additional one-time application of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the activity of earthworms, soil microorganisms, litter decomposition, and crop growth. To further address food-web interactions, earthworms were introduced to half of the experimental units as an additional experimental factor. Seed dressings significantly reduced the surface activity of earthworms with no difference whether insecticides or fungicides were used. Moreover, seed dressing effects on earthworm activity were intensified by herbicides (significant herbicide × seed dressing interaction). Neither seed dressings nor herbicide application affected litter decomposition, soil basal respiration, microbial biomass, or specific respiration. Seed dressing did also not affect wheat growth. We conclude that interactive effects on soil biota and processes of different pesticide classes should receive more attention in ecotoxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Van Hoesel
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Tiefenbacher
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Nina König
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dorn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Julia F. Hagenguth
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Urša Prah
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Widhalm
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Wiklicky
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Robert Koller
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Jan Lagerlöf
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Johann G. Zaller
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Johann G. Zaller
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14
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Kramer S, Dibbern D, Moll J, Huenninghaus M, Koller R, Krueger D, Marhan S, Urich T, Wubet T, Bonkowski M, Buscot F, Lueders T, Kandeler E. Resource Partitioning between Bacteria, Fungi, and Protists in the Detritusphere of an Agricultural Soil. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1524. [PMID: 27725815 PMCID: PMC5035733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The flow of plant-derived carbon in soil is a key component of global carbon cycling. Conceptual models of trophic carbon fluxes in soil have assumed separate bacterial and fungal energy channels in the detritusphere, controlled by both substrate complexity and recalcitrance. However, detailed understanding of the key populations involved and niche-partitioning between them is limited. Here, a microcosm experiment was performed to trace the flow of detritusphere C from substrate analogs (glucose, cellulose) and plant biomass amendments (maize leaves, roots) in an agricultural soil. Carbon flow was traced by rRNA stable isotope probing and amplicon sequencing across three microbial kingdoms. Distinct lineages within the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota as well as Peronosporomycetes were identified as important primary substrate consumers. A dynamic succession of primary consumers was observed especially in the cellulose treatments, but also in plant amendments over time. While intra-kingdom niche partitioning was clearly observed, distinct bacterial and fungal energy channels were not apparent. Furthermore, while the diversity of primary substrate consumers did not notably increase with substrate complexity, consumer succession and secondary trophic links to bacterivorous and fungivorous microbes resulted in increased food web complexity in the more recalcitrant substrates. This suggests that rather than substrate-defined energy channels, consumer succession as well as intra- and inter-kingdom cross-feeding should be considered as mechanisms supporting food web complexity in the detritusphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kramer
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dörte Dibbern
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Moll
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-HalleHalle, Germany; Institute of Biology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Maike Huenninghaus
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne Köln, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne Köln, Germany
| | - Dirk Krueger
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle Halle, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tim Urich
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-HalleHalle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne Köln, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-HalleHalle, Germany; Institute of Biology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Zaller JG, König N, Tiefenbacher A, Muraoka Y, Querner P, Ratzenböck A, Bonkowski M, Koller R. Pesticide seed dressings can affect the activity of various soil organisms and reduce decomposition of plant material. BMC Ecol 2016; 16:37. [PMID: 27534619 PMCID: PMC4989535 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed dressing with pesticides is widely used to protect crop seeds from pest insects and fungal diseases. While there is mounting evidence that especially neonicotinoid seed dressings detrimentally affect insect pollinators, surprisingly little is known on potential side effects on soil biota. We hypothesized that soil organisms would be particularly susceptible to pesticide seed dressings as they get in direct contact with these chemicals. Using microcosms with field soil we investigated, whether seeds treated either with neonicotinoid insecticides or fungicides influence the activity and interaction of earthworms, collembola, protozoa and microorganisms. The full-factorial design consisted of the factor Seed dressing (control vs. insecticide vs. fungicide), Earthworm (no earthworms vs. addition Lumbricus terrestris L.) and collembola (no collembola vs. addition Sinella curviseta Brook). We used commercially available wheat seed material (Triticum aesticum L. cf. Lukullus) at a recommended seeding density of 367 m(-2). RESULTS Seed dressings (particularly fungicides) increased collembola surface activity, increased the number of protozoa and reduced plant decomposition rate but did not affect earthworm activity. Seed dressings had no influence on wheat growth. Earthworms interactively affected the influence of seed dressings on collembola activity, whereas collembola increased earthworm surface activity but reduced soil basal respiration. Earthworms also decreased wheat growth, reduced soil basal respiration and microbial biomass but increased soil water content and electrical conductivity. CONCLUSIONS The reported non-target effects of seed dressings and their interactions with soil organisms are remarkable because they were observed after a one-time application of only 18 pesticide treated seeds per experimental pot. Because of the increasing use of seed dressing in agriculture and the fundamental role of soil organisms in agroecosystems these ecological interactions should receive more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann G. Zaller
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina König
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Tiefenbacher
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoko Muraoka
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Pascal Querner
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Ratzenböck
- Institute for Seed and Propagating Material, Phytosanitary Service and Apiculture, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
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16
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Zaller JG, König N, Tiefenbacher A, Muraoka Y, Querner P, Ratzenböck A, Bonkowski M, Koller R. Pesticide seed dressings can affect the activity of various soil organisms and reduce decomposition of plant material. BMC Ecol 2016. [PMID: 27534619 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-12016-10092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed dressing with pesticides is widely used to protect crop seeds from pest insects and fungal diseases. While there is mounting evidence that especially neonicotinoid seed dressings detrimentally affect insect pollinators, surprisingly little is known on potential side effects on soil biota. We hypothesized that soil organisms would be particularly susceptible to pesticide seed dressings as they get in direct contact with these chemicals. Using microcosms with field soil we investigated, whether seeds treated either with neonicotinoid insecticides or fungicides influence the activity and interaction of earthworms, collembola, protozoa and microorganisms. The full-factorial design consisted of the factor Seed dressing (control vs. insecticide vs. fungicide), Earthworm (no earthworms vs. addition Lumbricus terrestris L.) and collembola (no collembola vs. addition Sinella curviseta Brook). We used commercially available wheat seed material (Triticum aesticum L. cf. Lukullus) at a recommended seeding density of 367 m(-2). RESULTS Seed dressings (particularly fungicides) increased collembola surface activity, increased the number of protozoa and reduced plant decomposition rate but did not affect earthworm activity. Seed dressings had no influence on wheat growth. Earthworms interactively affected the influence of seed dressings on collembola activity, whereas collembola increased earthworm surface activity but reduced soil basal respiration. Earthworms also decreased wheat growth, reduced soil basal respiration and microbial biomass but increased soil water content and electrical conductivity. CONCLUSIONS The reported non-target effects of seed dressings and their interactions with soil organisms are remarkable because they were observed after a one-time application of only 18 pesticide treated seeds per experimental pot. Because of the increasing use of seed dressing in agriculture and the fundamental role of soil organisms in agroecosystems these ecological interactions should receive more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann G Zaller
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nina König
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Tiefenbacher
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoko Muraoka
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Pascal Querner
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Ratzenböck
- Institute for Seed and Propagating Material, Phytosanitary Service and Apiculture, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Abstract Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) occur widely in the uppermost millimeters of the soil in arid and semi-arid systems. Worldwide they cover large terrestrial areas and play a major role in the global terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles. However, knowledge of the microbial decomposer foodwebs within biocrusts is particularly scarce. Heterotrophic protists in soil are predominantly bacterivores, and because of their high biomass compared with other soil fauna and fast turnover rates, protists are considered an important factor for soil nutrient cycling and energy fluxes. Thus, knowledge of their biodiversity, abundance and functional roles is important to understand soil ecosystem functions. We investigated the diversity and abundance of heterotrophic soil protists in different types of biocrusts from the Succulent Karoo, South Africa. With an overall diversity of 23 distinct morphotypes, soil protist biodiversity was shown to be high. The most abundant groups were Spumella-like chrysomonads, gliding bodonids, glissomonads and heteroloboseans. Protist abundance was highly variable among samples. The abundance and diversity did not differ significantly among different types of biocrusts, indicating that microscale differences, but not macroscopic soil crust builders (e.g. cyanobacteria, lichens and bryophytes), have a major impact on the protist community.
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Berghoff A, Koller R, Widhalm G, Dieckmann K, Zielinski C, Birner P, Bartsch R, Preusser M. 2928 Laboratory parameters have independent prognostic impact in patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases: analysis of 1201 cases. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Matiasek J, Djedovic G, Unger L, Beck H, Mattesich M, Pierer G, Koller R, Rieger UM. Outcomes for split-thickness skin transplantation in high-risk patients using octenidine. J Wound Care 2015; 24:S8, S10-2. [PMID: 26075514 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2015.24.sup6.s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin transplantation is a commonly used surgical technique; however, the complication rate, including postoperative infection and delayed wound healing due to inefficient perfusion, is significantly higher in patients suffering from comorbidities. Hence, a subsequent repeat procedure is often necessary. In this report, two case studies are presented in which an octenidine-based antiseptic is used with a tie-over dressing (TOD) instead of povidone iodine (PVP-iodine), following a split-thickness skin graft. The two patients selected were deemed to be at high risk of impaired wound healing due to comorbidities. The first patient, a confirmed smoker with diabetes, presented with a nodular melanoma that was resected and covered with a split-thickness skin graft. After 5 days of negative pressure wound therapy as a TOD, in combination with PVP-iodine, the graft became necrotic. A second split-thickness skin graft was performed and an antiseptic regimen with octenidine in combination with the same TOD resulted in a completely healed transplant. The second patient, also a confirmed smoker with diabetes and receiving oral corticosteroid treatment, was diagnosed with a skin necrosis on her leg. Following the split-thickness skin graft, octenidine and TOD were applied. The patient's skin graft completely healed without any adverse events. These two case studies indicate that the combination of octenidine and TOD following split-thickness skin transplantation is safe, well-tolerated and appears to have positive benefits in the reconstruction of defects in patients with impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matiasek
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - G Djedovic
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.,Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, St. Markus Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Unger
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Beck
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Mattesich
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - G Pierer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - R Koller
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - U M Rieger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.,Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, St. Markus Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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Geisen S, Rosengarten J, Koller R, Mulder C, Urich T, Bonkowski M. Pack hunting by a common soil amoeba on nematodes. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4538-46. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Institute of Zoology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Jamila Rosengarten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Institute of Zoology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Institute of Zoology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; IBG-2: Plant Sciences; Jülich Germany
| | - Christian Mulder
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM); Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Tim Urich
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Bacterial Physiology; Institute for Microbiology; Ernst Moritz Arndt University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Institute of Zoology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Weidner
- Institute of Environmental Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 83584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Berliner Str. 28 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Zülpicher Str. 47b 50674 Cologne Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences IBG‐2: Plant Sciences 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Ellen Latz
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Berliner Str. 28 37073 Göttingen Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger‐Str.159 07743 Jena Germany
| | - George Kowalchuk
- Institute of Environmental Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 83584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Zülpicher Str. 47b 50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Berliner Str. 28 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Institute of Environmental Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 83584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Berliner Str. 28 37073 Göttingen Germany
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22
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Matiasek J, Djedovic G, Mattesich M, Morandi E, Pauzenberger R, Pikula R, Verstappen R, Pierer G, Koller R, Rieger UM. The combined use of NPWT and instillation using an octenidine based wound rinsing solution: a case study. J Wound Care 2015; 23:590, 592-6. [PMID: 25375407 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2014.23.11.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective wound bed preparation is an essential element in the healing of chronic wounds, including pressure ulcers (PUs). Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) reduces oedema, stimulates the formation of granulation tissue and helps remove wound exudate. This helps prepare the wound bed for secondary healing, skin grafting or coverage with flaps. Combining NPWT with an instillation phase using an antiseptic (octenidine based) irrigation solution is a novel approach to PU management. Three patients with Category 4 gluteal PUs were treated with NPWT and instillation fluid, following surgical debridement of necrotic tissue. The aim was to achieve optimal wound bed preparation prior to wound closure by local fasciocutaneous flap. The antiseptic efficacy of octenilin wound irrigation solution in microorganism eradication was quantified by in vitro tests simulating real conditions using leg ulcer vacuum exudates. All wounds completely healed after four weeks, and no adverse incidents occurred due to instillation of octenidine. No recurrence of the PU occurred during a one year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matiasek
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Werner H, Braegger CP, Buehr P, Koller R, Nydegger A, Spalinger J, Heyland K, Schibli S, Landolt MA. Shorter time since inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis in children is associated with lower mental health in parents. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:e32-8. [PMID: 25164428 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study assessed the mental health of parents of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), compared their mental health with age-matched and gender-matched references and examined parental and child predictors for mental health problems. METHODS A total of 125 mothers and 106 fathers of 125 children with active and inactive IBD from the Swiss IBD multicentre cohort study were included. Parental mental health was assessed by the Symptom Checklist 27 and child behaviour problems by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Child medical data were extracted from hospital records. RESULTS While the mothers reported lower mental health, the fathers' mental health was similar, or even better, than in age-matched and gender-matched community controls. In both parents, shorter time since the child's diagnosis was associated with poorer mental health. In addition, the presence of their own IBD diagnosis and child behaviour problems predicted maternal mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS Parents of children with IBD may need professional support when their child is diagnosed, to mitigate distress. This, in turn, may help the child to adjust better to IBD. Particular attention should be paid to mothers who have their own IBD diagnosis and whose children display behaviour problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Werner
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - CP Braegger
- Divison of Gastroenterology and Nutrition; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - P Buehr
- Divison of Gastroenterology and Nutrition; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - R Koller
- Divison of Gastroenterology and Nutrition; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A Nydegger
- Division of Gastroenterology; University Children's Hospital Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - J Spalinger
- Division of Gastroenterology; Children's Hospital Lucerne; Lucerne Switzerland
| | - K Heyland
- Division of Gastroenterology; Children's Hospital Winterthur; Winterthur Switzerland
| | - S Schibli
- Division of Gastroenterology; University Children's Hospital Berne; Berne Switzerland
| | - MA Landolt
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology; Institute of Psychology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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24
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Koller R, Rodriguez A, Robin C, Scheu S, Bonkowski M. Protozoa enhance foraging efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for mineral nitrogen from organic matter in soil to the benefit of host plants. New Phytol 2013; 199:203-211. [PMID: 23534902 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dead organic matter (OM) is a major source of nitrogen (N) for plants. The majority of plants support N uptake by symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Mineralization of N is regulated by microfauna, in particular, protozoa grazing on bacteria. We hypothesized that AM fungi and protozoa interactively facilitate plant N nutrition from OM. In soil systems consisting of an OM patch and a root compartment, plant N uptake and consequences for plant carbon (C) allocation were investigated using stable isotopes. Protozoa mobilized N by consuming bacteria, and the mobilized N was translocated via AM fungi to the host plant. The presence of protozoa in both the OM and root compartment stimulated photosynthesis and the translocation of C from the host plant via AM fungi into the OM patch. This stimulated microbial activity in the OM patch, plant N uptake from OM and doubled plant growth. The results indicate that protozoa increase plant growth by both mobilization of N from OM and by protozoa-root interactions, resulting in increased C allocation to roots and into the rhizosphere, thereby increasing plant nutrient exploitation. Hence, mycorrhizal plants need to interact with protozoa to fully exploit N resources from OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Koller
- Université de Lorraine UMR 1121 INRA Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, BP 172, 54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Universität zu Köln, Zoologisches Institut, Abt. Terrestrische Ökologie, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Alia Rodriguez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá Ciudad Universitaria - Avenida Carrera 30 no. 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Christophe Robin
- Université de Lorraine UMR 1121 INRA Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, BP 172, 54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Berliner Straße 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Universität zu Köln, Zoologisches Institut, Abt. Terrestrische Ökologie, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Köln, Germany
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Koller R, Robin C, Bonkowski M, Ruess L, Scheu S. Litter quality as driving factor for plant nutrition via grazing of protozoa on soil microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 85:241-50. [PMID: 23521364 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant residues provide a major source of nitrogen (N) for plant growth. Litter N mineralization varies with litter carbon-to-nitrogen (C-to-N) ratio and presence of bacterial-feeding fauna. We assessed the effect of amoebae, major bacterial feeders in soil, on mineralization of litter of low (high quality) and high C-to-N ratio (low quality) and evaluated consequences for plant growth. We used stable isotopes to determine plant N uptake from litter and plant C partitioning. Stable isotope probing of phospholipid fatty acids was used to follow incorporation of plant C into microorganisms. Amoebae increased plant N uptake independent of litter quality and thereby the biomass of shoots and roots by 33% and 66%, respectively. Plant allocation of total (13)C to roots in low (42%) exceeded that of high-quality litter treatments (26%). Amoebae increased plant allocation of (13)C to roots by 37%. Microbial community structure and incorporation of (13)C into PLFAs varied significantly with litter quality and in the low-quality litter treatment also with the presence of amoebae. Overall, the results suggest that in particular at low nutrient conditions, root-derived C fosters the mobilization of bacterial N by protozoa, thereby increasing plant growth when microorganisms and plants compete for nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Koller
- Université de Lorraine UMR 1121 INRA Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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26
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Beier JP, Boos AM, Kamolz L, Vogt PM, Koller R, Horch RE. Tissue Engineering von Haut - von der Spalthaut zum gezüchteten Hauttransplantat? HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2010; 42:342-53. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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27
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Koller R, Sckinder TW, Neidhart P. Reply I. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Mizuno T, Yamasaki N, Miyazaki K, Tazaki T, Koller R, Oda H, Honda ZI, Ochi M, Wolff L, Honda H. Overexpression/enhanced kinase activity of BCR/ABL and altered expression of Notch1 induced acute leukemia in p210BCR/ABL transgenic mice. Oncogene 2008; 27:3465-74. [PMID: 18193087 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1211007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic disorder, which begins as indolent chronic phase but inevitably progresses to fatal blast crisis. p210BCR/ABL, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, is responsible for disease initiation but molecular mechanism(s) underlying disease evolution remains largely unknown. To explore this process, we employed retroviral insertional mutagenesis to CML-exhibiting p210BCR/ABL transgenic mice (Tg). Virus infection induced acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in p210BCR/ABL Tg with a higher frequency and in a shorter latency than wild-type littermates, and inverse PCR detected two retrovirus common integration sites (CISs) in p210BCR/ABL Tg tumors. Interestingly, one CIS was the transgene itself, where retrovirus integrations induced upregulation of p210BCR/ABL and production of truncated BCR/ABL with an enhanced kinase activity. Another CIS was Notch1 gene, where retrovirus integrations resulted in overexpression of Notch1 and generation of Notch1 lacking the C-terminal region (Notch1DeltaC) associated with stable expression of its activated product, C-terminal-truncated Notch intracellular domain (NICD Delta C). In addition, generation of Tg for both p210BCR/ABL and Notch1DeltaC developed ALL in a shortened period with Stat5 activation, demonstrating the cooperative oncogenicity of Notch1DeltaC/NICD Delta C with p210BCR/ABL involving Stat5-mediated pathway. These results demonstrated that overexpression/enhanced kinase activity of BCR/ABL and altered expression of Notch1 induces acute leukemia in a transgenic model for CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mizuno
- Department of Developmental Biology, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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30
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Koller R, Gärner S, Dobrovits A, Kuzbari R. Breast reconstruction with expandable implants and in combination with a latissimus dorsi-flap. Eur Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-007-0347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Kamolz LP, Luegmair M, Wick N, Eisenbock B, Burjak S, Koller R, Meissl G, Frey M. The Viennese culture method: cultured human epithelium obtained on a dermal matrix based on fibroblast containing fibrin glue gels. Burns 2005; 31:25-9. [PMID: 15639361 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2004.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new keratinocyte culture system on a dermal equivalent suitable for skin wound closure. Our dermal matrix is based on a fibrin glue gel containing live human fibroblast (from human foreskin). Keratinocytes obtained from primary culture according to the Rheinwald and Green method, were seeded on to the gel. In all cases, the keratinocytes plated on the dermal equivalent grew to confluence and stratified epithelium was obtained. After 10 days an irregular multilayer could be observed. The cells showed active interaction with the fibrin support, presenting as cell formations projecting into the matrix. After 15 days a regular epithelial sheet consisting of three to four layers of cells was formed. A limiting membrane demarcating the keratinocytes from the fibrin matrix was discernible. Squamous differentiation similar to Strata reticulare and corneum found in vivo could be observed. Nuclei of basal cells were regularly spaced from each other and the chromatin was of homogeneous appearance without prominent nucleoli. The last time point (20 days) showed signs of disintegration of the epithelial sheet. A basement membrane-like structure could not be seen any more. Detachment of the basal cells was associated with subepithelial vacuoles. Basal cells contained irregular nuclei. Therefore, we conclude that 15 days of culture were optimal for the generation of a keratinocyte layers with signs of differentiation; this new culture system could be an important step forward in covering severely burned patients due to a number of advantages, as for example a large expansion factor, the shortening of the optimal culture time to 15 days, the usage of commercially available fibrin glue gels and the versatile manipulation of composite cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Kamolz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Czerny M, Trubel W, Zimpfer D, Grimm M, Koller R, Hofmann W, Holzenbein T, Polterauer P, Girsch W. Limb-salvage by Femoro-distal Bypass and Free Muscle Flap Transfer. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004; 27:635-9. [PMID: 15121115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2004.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility and long-term outcome of distal arterial reconstruction combined with free muscle flap transfer for patients who would otherwise have undergone major amputation. METHODS Between 1996 and 2001, 27 reconstructions using autologous vein were performed in 25 patients. Seventeen of these patients had diabetes mellitus. Gracilis, rectus abdominis and latissimus dorsi muscles were used as free flaps, covered with split-thickness skin grafts. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of patients had a patent graft and viable muscle flap after 1-month. Mean follow-up was 51 months (4-72 months). At the time of follow-up 77% of reconstructions were patent and 70% of patients regained full functional capacity of their lower extremities. CONCLUSION Limb-salvage by distal arterial reconstruction and free muscle flap transfer, is feasible with low mortality and morbidity and provides excellent long-term results with regard to graft patency and functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Czerny
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Klein C, Eichler A, Hebenstreit ELD, Pauer G, Koller R, Winkler A, Schmid M, Varga P. When scanning tunneling microscopy gets the wrong adsorption site: H on Rh(100). Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:176101. [PMID: 12786083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.176101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
At low tunneling resistance, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of a Rh(100) surface with adsorbed hydrogen reproducibly show protrusions in all bridge sites of the surface, leading to a naive interpretation of all bridge sites being occupied with H atoms. Using quantitative low-energy electron diffraction and temperature programmed desorption we find a much lower H coverage, with most H atoms in fourfold hollow sites. Density functional theory calculations show that the STM result is due to the influence of the tip, attracting the mobile H atoms into bridge sites. This demonstrates that STM images of highly mobile adsorbates can be strongly misleading and underlines the importance of additional analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Klein
- Institut für Allgemeine Physik, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
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34
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Benditte-Klepetko H, Koller R, Ptak-Butta J, Deutinger M. Psychosoziale Aspekte der Brustrekonstruktion. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-37094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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35
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Rab M, Koller R, Haslik W, Kamolz LP, Beck H, Meggeneder J, Frey M. The influence of timing on the functional and morphological result after nerve grafting: an experimental study in rabbits. Br J Plast Surg 2002; 55:628-34. [PMID: 12550115 DOI: 10.1054/bjps.2002.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical experience and experimental work in sheep have shown that a two-stage approach to restoring muscle function with a long nerve graft and free muscle grafting seems to be more beneficial than a one-stage approach. Based on a standardised experimental protocol, one-stage and two-stage nerve grafting approaches in rabbits were compared, and the actual differences in muscle force, together with morphological data, were calculated. In 20 rabbits the saphenous nerve was used as a 7 cm nerve graft. Animals were separated into two groups. In group 1, 10 rabbits underwent a one-stage approach to reinnervate the rectus femoris muscle. In the left hindlimb, the proximal end of the graft was coapted to the cut motor nerve branch of the vastus medialis muscle, and the distal end was coapted to the nerve branch of the rectus femoris muscle. In group 2, 10 rabbits underwent a two-stage approach, leaving the distal end of the nerve graft unconnected to the rectus femoris muscle in the first stage. In the second stage, this end was coapted to the freshly cut motor nerve branch of the rectus femoris muscle. After 15 months, the maximum tetanic tensions in the reinnervated rectus femoris muscle and the contralateral unoperated muscle were determined. The graft and the motor branch distal to the graft were biopsied in order to count the number of regenerated myelinated nerve fibres. The mean+/-s.d. maximum tetanic tensions in the reinnervated rectus femoris muscles were 10.6+/-4.9 N in group 1 and 21.4+/-1.1 N in group 2. Compared with the unoperated side, the muscle force following denervation and reinnervation was 38.3% in group 1 and 58.9% in group 2 (P=0.01). The mean+/-s.d. numbers of regenerated myelinated nerve fibres distal to the graft in the rectus femoris muscle branch were 737+/-340 in group 1 and 1487+/-1004 in group 2 (P=0.05). These results show that the neurotrophic effect of an immediately connected target organ is far outweighed by the adverse effect of the longer period of muscle denervation. Therefore, nerve grafting and muscle transplantation should not be performed in the same operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rab
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria
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36
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Kamolz LP, Giovanoli P, Haslik W, Koller R, Frey M. Continuous free-flap monitoring with tissue-oxygen measurements: three-year experience. J Reconstr Microsurg 2002; 18:487-91; discussion 492-3. [PMID: 12177818 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-33319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Early recognition of flap failure is a prerequisite for flap salvage. Many methods are used to monitor free flaps. The time interval for re-establishing vascular patency is the limiting factor for a successful revision. Prompt re-operation and a rapid and sufficient correction of the microvascular anastomosis are necessary to maintain flap viability. The Licox Catheter pO 2 Micro-Probe instrument is used for continuous determination of oxygen partial pressure (pO 2 ) in body fluids and tissue (p ti O 2 ). Over a period of 3 years, 60 free tissue transfers to head and neck, trunk, and upper and lower extremities were monitored using the Licox Catheter Probe System. The flexible Licox Catheter pO 2 Micro-Probe detected circulatory changes and failure in all cases, with no false positives or negatives. In all cases in which the arterial pedicle failed, the p ti O 2 dropped rapidly; in cases of venous insufficiency, the p ti O 2 value decreased more or less slowly. In all failing flaps, a p ti O 2 decrease of 10 mmHg within a half-hour, or a p ti O 2 drop below 10 mmHg was observed. These are observations which are useful as precise indicators for vascular complications and flap failure. Based on the authors' observations and data, the Licox probe is a sensitive and accurate monitoring system for all types of free flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Kamolz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria
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37
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Kamolz LP, Schrögendorfer KF, Giovanoli P, Koller R, Frey M. [Continuous free-flap monitoring with tissue-oxygen measurements: experiences of the last years]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2002; 34:195-200. [PMID: 12203156 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-33695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Early recognition of flap failure is the prerequisite for flap salvage. Many methods are used to monitor free-flaps. The time interval for re-establishing vascular patency is the deciding factor for a successful revision. Prompt revision surgery and a quick and sufficient correction of the microvascular anastomosis are necessary to reestablish flap viability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real impact of this probe as a continuous, precise and clinically relevant monitoring system in free-flap surgery. One of our main objectives was to create guidelines and "normal" ranges of p ti O 2 -values for the uncomplicated use of the Licox Probe in free-flap surgery for the first time. The Licox Catheter pO 2 Mikro-Probe instrument is used for continuous determination of oxygen partial pressure (pO 2 ) in body fluids and tissue (p ti O 2 ). Over a period of more than three years, 70 free tissue-transplantations to the head and neck, trunk, and upper and lower extremities were monitored by use of the implantable Licox Catheter Probe System. In all patients, a decrease of the p ti O 2 -levels was noted during the first minutes, until a more or less stable level was reached. At the time of weaning off, the p ti O 2 values decreased once again. After approximately 30 minutes, an almost stable but reduced p ti O 2 -level was reestablished (34,6 +/- 10,9 mm Hg). During the next days, we observed a more or less constant but reduced level. These values from the second day on were lower than the mean values of the first day. The mean value for all flaps was 23,1 +/- 6,5 mm Hg. Nevertheless, in all cases (10 of 70 flaps) where the p ti O 2 -level decreased more than 10 mm Hg within a half hour period, the flap showed vascular problems on re-exploration. Another clinically relevant value that was observed in all flaps with vascular problems was a drop of the p ti O 2 -value, below 10 mm Hg. In the cases of arterial thrombosis (2 of 10 flaps), a rapid decrease was noted. In the cases of venous complications (8 of 10 flaps), a more or less slow decrease of the p ti O 2 -value was observed. These observations may serve as precise indicators for vascular complications and flap failure. Based on our observations and data, it seems that the Licox-Probe is a sensitive and accurate monitoring system for a variety of free flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Kamolz
- Abteilung für Wiederherstellende und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsklinik für Chirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Wien, Germany.
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Schmidt M, Koller R, Haviernik P, Bies J, Maciag K, Wolff L. Deregulated c-Myb expression in murine myeloid leukemias prevents the up-regulation of p15(INK4b) normally associated with differentiation. Oncogene 2001; 20:6205-14. [PMID: 11593429 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2000] [Revised: 07/05/2001] [Accepted: 07/09/2001] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated expression of the proto-oncogene c-myb, which results from provirus integration, is thought to be responsible for transformation in a set of murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced myeloid leukemias (MML). We reported recently that this transcription factor promotes proliferation by directly transactivating c-myc and inhibits cell death through its up-regulation of Bcl-2 (Schmidt et al., 2000). To understand more about how these cells become transformed we looked at how they deal with cellular pathways inducing growth arrest. Specifically, we were interested in the expression of the tumor suppressor gene Cdkn2b (p15(INK4b)) in MML because this gene is expressed during myeloid differentiation and its inactivation by methylation has been shown to be important for the development of human acute myeloid leukemia. mRNA levels for p15(INK4b) and another INK4 gene p16(INK4a) were examined in monocytic Myb tumors and were compared with expression of the same genes in c-myc transformed monocytic tumors that do not express c-Myb. The Cdkn2a (p16(INK4a)) gene was generally not expressed in either tumor type, an observation explained by methylation or deletion in the promoter region. Although Cdkn2b (p15(INK4b)) mRNA was expressed in the Myc tumors, many transcripts were aberrant in size and contained only exon 1. Surprisingly, in the majority of the Myb tumors there was no p15(INK4b) transcription and neither deletion nor methylation could explain this result. Additional experiments demonstrated that, in the presence of constitutive c-Myb expression, the induction of p15(INK4b) mRNA that accompanies differentiation of M1 cells to monocytes does not occur. Therefore, the transcriptional regulator c-Myb appears to prevent activation of a growth arrest pathway that normally accompanies monocyte maturation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cell Differentiation
- CpG Islands
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Exons
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, myc/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Genetic
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmidt
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Wolff L, Schmidt M, Koller R, Haviernik P, Watson R, Bies J, Maciag K. Three genes with different functions in transformation are regulated by c-Myb in myeloid cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2001; 27:483-8. [PMID: 11259171 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2001.0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-myb is constitutively expressed in murine leukemia virus-induced myeloid leukemia (MML) due to the integration of virus at this locus. Our recent focus has been the determination of genes regulated by this transcription factor that may be involved in transformation. Data presented here, using conditional expression of Myb in myeloid cells, show that c-Myb directly transactivates the endogenous c-myc and Bcl-2 genes, which explains at least in part how c-Myb regulates proliferation and survival. In addition, c-Myb prevents expression at the RNA level of the tumor suppressor INK4b gene. This gene encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p15INK4b, that is normally upregulated at the mRNA level during myeloid differentiation and promotes growth arrest. The MMLs are generally characterized as differentiated monocytic tumors and possess the phenotype that is normally associated with p15INK4b expression. c-Myb inhibits expression of this gene, however, and therefore acts to promote a pathway which is abnormal in mature cells. This activity of c-Myb collaborates with its maintenance of c-myc expression to promote growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wolff
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA.
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40
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41
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Umbricht D, Schmid L, Koller R, Vollenweider FX, Hell D, Javitt DC. Ketamine-induced deficits in auditory and visual context-dependent processing in healthy volunteers: implications for models of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57:1139-47. [PMID: 11115327 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.12.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with schizophrenia, deficient generation of mismatch negativity (MMN)-an event-related potential (ERP) indexing auditory sensory ("echoic") memory-and a selective increase of "context dependent" ("BX") errors in the "A-X" version of the Continuous Performance Test (AX-CPT) indicate an impaired ability to form and use transient memory traces. Animal and human studies implicate deficient N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) functioning in such abnormalities. In this study, effects of the NMDAR antagonists ketamine on MMN generation and AX-CPT performance were investigated in healthy volunteers to test the hypothesis that NMDARs are critically involved in human MMN generation, and to assess the nature of ketamine-induced deficits in AX-CPT performance. METHODS In a single-blind placebo-controlled study, 20 healthy volunteers underwent an infusion with subanesthetic doses of ketamine. The MMN-to-pitch and MMN-to-duration deviants were obtained while subjects performed an AX-CPT. RESULTS Ketamine significantly decreased the peak amplitudes of the MMN-to-pitch and MMN-to-duration deviants by 27% and 21%, respectively. It induced performance deficits in the AX-CPT characterized by decreased hit rates and specific increases of errors (BX errors), reflecting a failure to form and use transient memory traces of task relevant information. CONCLUSIONS The NMDARs are critically involved in human MMN generation. Deficient MMN in schizophrenia thus suggests deficits in NMDAR-related neurotransmission. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor dysfunction may also contribute to the impairment of patients with schizophrenia in forming and using transient memory traces in more complex tasks, such as the AX-CPT. Thus, NMDAR-related dysfunction may underlie deficits in transient memory at different levels of information processing in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:1139-1147.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Umbricht
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Department of Research, PO Box 68, Zurich 8029, Switzerland.
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42
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Abstract
In the present study the faciometer(R) is introduced in order to quantify the ranges of mimic movements observed after surgical treatment of facial burns. This instrument which consists of calipers and an electronic display was introduced in 1994 in order to measure the extent of facial palsy during reconstructive procedures. The study group consisted of 23 patients, who had been operated on for facial burns. The distances between standardised stable and moving points in the face were determined after mimic movements such as lifting of the eyebrows, maximum showing of the teeth and pursing of the lips. These distances were expressed as a percentage of the distance at rest. For comparison the scars were classified according to the Vancouver Scar Scale. In all patients the functional results after burn trauma in the face and, in some cases, asymmetries at rest could be objectified. Depending upon the severity of scarring, the distance between tragus and mouth was shortened between 0 and 19% after maximal showing of the teeth. In general the mouth region showed more functional deficits than the forehead. Comparing different manners of treatment, it could be objectively demonstrated that the results after deep burns requiring skin grafts were worse than those observed after more superficial lesions and other methods of coverage. The application of keratinocytes to close the burn showed highly variable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Koller
- Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Giovanoli P, Koller R, Meuli-Simmen C, Rab M, Haslik W, Mittlböck M, Meyer VE, Frey M. Functional and morphometric evaluation of end-to-side neurorrhaphy for muscle reinnervation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000; 106:383-92. [PMID: 10946937 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200008000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to quantify the effect of motor collateral sprouting in an end-to-side repair model allowing end organ contact. Besides documentation of the functional outcome of muscle reinnervation by end-to-side neurorrhaphy, this experimental work was performed to determine possible downgrading effects to the donor nerve at end organ level. In 24 female New Zealand White rabbits, the motor nerve branch to the rectus femoris muscle of the right hindlimb was dissected, cut, and sutured end-to-side to the motor branch to the vastus medialis muscle after creating an epineural window. The 24 rabbits were divided into two groups of 12 each, with the second group receiving additional crush injury of the vastus branch. After a period of 8 months, maximum tetanic tension in the reinnervated rectus femoris and the vastus medialis muscles was determined. The contralateral healthy side served as control. The reinnervated rectus femoris muscle showed an average maximum tetanic force of 24.9 N (control 26.2 N, p = 0.7827), and the donor- vastus medialis muscle 11.0 N (control 7.3 N, p = 0.0223). There were no statistically significant differences between the two experimental groups (p = 0.9914). The average number of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers in the rectus femoris motor branch was 1,185 +/- 342 (control, 806 +/- 166), and the mean diameter was 4.6 +/- 0.6 microm (control, 9.4 +/- 1.0 microm). In the motor branch to the vastus medialis muscle, the mean fiber number proximal to the coaptation site was 1227 (+/-441), and decreased distal to the coaptation site to 795 (+/-270). The average difference of axon counts in the donor nerve proximal to distal regarding the repair site was 483.7 +/- 264.2. In the contralateral motor branch to the vastus medialis muscle, 540 (+/- 175) myelinated nerve fibers were counted. In nearly all cross-section specimens of the motor branch to the vastus medialis muscle, altered nerve fibers could be identified in one fascicle distal and proximal to the repair site. The results show a relevant functional reinnervation by end-to-side neurorrhaphy without functional impairment of the donor muscle. It seems to be evident that most axons in the attached segment were derived from collateral sprouts. Nonetheless, the present study confirms that end-to-side neurorrhaphy is a reliable method of reconstruction for damaged nerves, which should be applied clinically in a more extended manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giovanoli
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Somaini P, Deseö T, Hurni R, Marko P, Christen S, Koller R, Bachmann LM, Steurer J. [Value of the Valsalva maneuver for evaluating systole heart function]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2000; 89:1137-1141. [PMID: 10959201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many tests and examinations are used for diagnosing heart failure. Their accuracy tends to vary, echocardiography representing the gold standard. The Valsalva maneuver involves an easy-to-perform test for assessing the cardiac ejection fraction. The present study investigated the power of the Valsalva test in patients who received an echocardiography for various indications. A total of 153 patients were examined, some recruited from private practices, some from different hospitals. An echocardiographically measured left-ventricular ejection fraction of 45% was set as the limit value. 30 patients had an ejection fraction of less than 45%, signaling a relevant systolic dysfunction. The sensitivity of the Valsalva test for detecting impaired function was 70% and its specificity 72%. The positive predictive value was 39% and the negative predictive value 90%. This means that when the Valsalva test produces a normal result and the EKG is also normal, the likelihood that the patient has no relevant systolic dysfunction is very great. The Valsalva test is cost-effective, quick and easy to perform and useful for evaluating left-ventricular pump function.
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Koller R, Frey M. [The current role of endoscopy within the scope of the German Speaking Study Group of Microsurgery of Peripheral Nerves and Blood Vessels--results of a survey]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2000; 32:202-6. [PMID: 10929561 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-10917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present survey among the members of the DAM deals with the application of endoscopic methods in plastic and reconstructive procedures. Special interest is focussed upon endoscopically assisted microsurgery. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to all members of the DAM. It contained questions about the application of endoscopic techniques, the types of operations performed with the endoscope, the advantages, disadvantages, and complications of endoscopic operations. RESULTS In 26 of 40 cases the question about the application of endoscopic techniques was answered positively. The most frequent indications were carpal tunnel release, wrist arthroscopy, the harvesting of flaps, breast reconstruction, and implantation of expanders. Incomplete release of the flexor retinaculum and partial lesions of the median nerve in patients referred from other departments were listed as complications. CONCLUSION Endoscopic techniques have found acceptance among the DAM-members, but are restricted to traditional indications such as arthroscopy, carpal tunnel release, and aesthetic procedures. Future attempts must attract the interest of industrial companies for the development of high-resolution endoscopes for microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Koller
- Universitätsklinik für Chirurgie, Klinische Abteilung für Wiederherstellungs- und Plastische Chirurgie Wien
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Williams J, Fox-Leyva L, Christensen C, Fisher D, Schlicting E, Snowball M, Negus S, Mayers J, Koller R, Stout R. Hepatitis A vaccine administration: comparison between jet-injector and needle injection. Vaccine 2000; 18:1939-43. [PMID: 10699344 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type A hepatitis virus (HAV) is a serious health problem throughout the world and can be spread via fecal-oral contact. Both immune globulin and an HAV vaccine provide protection, but the vaccine gives complete protection. Efficacy of methods of vaccination in relation to the formation of anti-HAV antibodies is unclear; thus, this study seeks to determine if significant differences exist between the syringe as compared to the jet injection technique. The purpose of this study was to compare in a randomized trial Biojet jet-injection system to a needle-syringe method. To determine if a significant difference between these two methods in seroconversion rates or geometric mean titers of anti HAV antibody occurs at day 15, 30, and 210 days after vaccination. METHOD Anti-HAV IgG(-) adult hospital employees were randomized to receive 1440 EL.U of hepatitis a vaccine (HAVRIX(R)) in 2 doses by either needle or jet-injector (Biojector(R)) system at month 0 and 6. HAV seroconversion titer results were measured by the Boehringer-Mannheim method. RESULTS/DISCUSSION A higher proportion of persons who received HAV vaccine via the Biojector(R) seroconverted with anti-HAV level >/=20 mIU at day 15, 30, and month 7 when compared with a needle injection.Side-effect profiles reported by participants in both methods were below those identified in current published and insert information, but the Biojector(R) had greater local reactivity in all categories when compared to the needle method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Williams
- Alaska Native Medical Center, Viral Hepatitis Program, 4315 Diplomacy Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
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Koller R. Anaesthetic management of patients undergoing surgery for cerebrovascular disease. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1053/bean.2000.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rab M, Neumayer C, Koller R, Kamolz LP, Haslik W, Gassner R, Giovanoli P, Schaden G, Frey M. Histomorphology of rabbit thigh muscles: establishment of standard control values. J Anat 2000; 196 ( Pt 2):203-9. [PMID: 10739016 PMCID: PMC1468053 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19620203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The thigh muscles of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits are frequently used in experimental surgery, particularly for evaluation after reinnervation or ischaemia. Although histomorphometric analyses are regularly performed, morphological data for untreated thigh muscles in previously unoperated animals are not available. Specimens from the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM) and adductor magnus (AM) muscles from both thighs were harvested in 7 untreated rabbits and were processed for histomorphometric evaluation. The right RF and VM were harvested in a further 5 rabbit hindlimbs after experimental denervation and reinnervation of the contralateral RF and subsequently processed for histomorphometric analysis. Muscle fibre type distribution, diameter and connective tissue content were evaluated on serial transverse cryosections reacted for ATPase and NADH tetrazolium reductase activity and statistical analysis was performed. In all untreated animals RF revealed the highest proportion of type I muscle fibres (right: 8.4+/-4%, left: 11.4+/-4.9%), whereas VM showed the highest percentage of IIa fibres (right: 31.9+/-5.5%, left: 28.3+/-7.8%) and AM the highest proportion of IIb/d fibres (right: 80.5+/-8.6%, left: 84.4+/-6.3%). Fibre type distribution and diameter in rabbits after contralateral experimental operations revealed a statistically significant difference from the data obtained in bilaterally untreated animals. Knowledge of the morphology of untreated muscles is fundamental to the understanding of changes induced by intervention to the ipsi and/or contralateral thigh muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rab
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
In severely burned patients the approach to the central vein is often difficult due to concomitant edema, but also due to the fact that the skin area, where commonly used approaches are performed, is burned as well, whereas the axillary region is often not involved. In order to perform an axillary approach to the central vein as an alternative to the commonly used approaches in patients, an anatomical dissection in fresh human cadavers was carried out. Considering the anatomical landmarks which were found during dissection of the axillary region, the axillary approach to the central vein was used in 35 patients in our intensive burn care unit with unaffected axillary skin. In three cases the only complication observed was an occasional puncture of the axillary artery without major hematoma. The infection rate of the catheters was similar to the commonly used puncture sites. This approach to the central venous line in severely burned patients can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Andel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vienna Medical School, University of Vienna, Austria.
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Krauss JK, Koller R, Burgunder JM. Partial myotomy/myectomy of the trapezius muscle with an asleep-awake-asleep anesthetic technique for treatment of cervical dystonia. Technical note. J Neurosurg 1999; 91:889-91. [PMID: 10541253 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1999.91.5.0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a technique for performing partial sectioning and myectomy of the trapezius muscle in patients with severe cervical dystonia that is unresponsive to conservative treatment. Asleep-awake-asleep anesthesia allows intraoperative control of the sectioning procedure to avoid causing postoperative weakness of arm elevation above the horizontal plane. The procedure has been performed successfully in three patients. In all cases the dystonic posture of the shoulder and local pain were improved postoperatively. There were no new deficits. This technique can be used as an adjunct to other peripheral surgical procedures in patients with marked laterocollis and dystonic elevation and ante-version of the shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University of Berne, Switzerland.
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