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Budde H, Amatriain-Fernández S, Trautmann S. Potential of Control Conditions for Nonspecific Treatment Effects in Noninferiority Trials. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:522-523. [PMID: 36920358 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute for Systems Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute of Sport Science, Department for the Psychology of Human Movement and Sport, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Trautmann
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
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Machado S, Teixeira D, Monteiro D, Imperatori C, Murillo-Rodriguez E, da Silva Rocha FP, Yamamoto T, Amatriain-Fernández S, Budde H, Carta MG, Caixeta L, de Sá Filho AS. Clinical applications of exercise in Parkinson's disease: what we need to know? Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:771-780. [PMID: 36168890 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2128768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exploring the potential of exercise in the rehabilitation process of patients with Parkinson's (PD) may be an interesting treatment perspective. Exercise-induced responses derived from neurotrophic elements appear to ameliorate the decline in neurodegeneration. Despite this understanding, the literature needs to be updated. AREAS COVERED Our review focuses on: a) the key mechanisms of exercise on PD, highlighting mainly the responses related to neuroplasticity; b) the effects induced by different traditional types of exercise, also highlighting the effects of complementary therapies related to movement; c) the volume of exercise required to support efficient results are explored in the context of PD. Additionally, the proposition of new clinical application strategies in the context of PD will also be determined. EXPERT OPINION It is suggested that different intensities of aerobic exercise be explored for the treatment of PD. The results associated with high intensity seem promising for performance, physiological and clinical parameters, such as BDNF production and cognition. On the other hand, the diversification of tasks and repetition of motor gestures appear as consistent arguments to exercise prescription. Finally, for future investigations, the neuromodulation strategy in association with aerobic exercise appears as a potential inducer of benefits on gait and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory (LABNAF), Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados-RJ, Brazil.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Diogo Teixeira
- Universidade Lusófona, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-558, Vila Real, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Leiria, Portugal
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mexico
| | | | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caixeta
- Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, School of Medicine, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Alberto Souza de Sá Filho
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mexico.,Department of Physical Education, Paulista University, Goiânia, Brazil
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Yalçin M, Mundorf A, Thiel F, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kalthoff IS, Beucke JC, Budde H, Garthus-Niegel S, Peterburs J, Relógio A. It's About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873237. [PMID: 35547585 PMCID: PMC9081535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and behavioural processes. The disruption of circadian rhythms was found to be associated with the onset and progression of several pathologies including sleep and mental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Thus, the role of the circadian clock in health and disease, and its clinical applications, have gained increasing attention, but the exact mechanisms underlying temporal regulation require further work and the integration of evidence from different research fields. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding the functioning of molecular circuits as generators of circadian rhythms and the essential role of circadian synchrony in a healthy organism. In particular, we discuss the role of circadian regulation in the context of behaviour and cognitive functioning, delineating how the loss of this tight interplay is linked to pathological development with a focus on mental disorders and neurodegeneration. We further describe emerging new aspects on the link between the circadian clock and physical exercise-induced cognitive functioning, and its current usage as circadian activator with a positive impact in delaying the progression of certain pathologies including neurodegeneration and brain-related disorders. Finally, we discuss recent epidemiological evidence pointing to an important role of the circadian clock in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Schulze Kalthoff
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Carl Beucke
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Machado S, Telles G, Magalhaes F, Teixeira D, Amatriain-Fernández S, Budde H, Imperatori C, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Monteiro D, Telles Correia D, Sá Filho AS. Can regular physical exercise be a treatment for panic disorder? A systematic review. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:53-64. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.2005581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados-RJ, Brazil
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México
| | - George Telles
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Franklin Magalhaes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Diogo Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, ULHT, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Integrative Neuroscience Laboratory, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Department of Human Kinetics, ESECS, Polytechnique Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, Portugal
| | - Diogo Telles Correia
- Serviço de Psiquiatria. Hospital de Santa Maria. Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte. Lisboa. Departamento de Psiquiatria. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alberto Souza Sá Filho
- Post Graduate Program of University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, Brazil
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Bösselmann V, Amatriain-Fernández S, Gronwald T, Murillo-Rodríguez E, Machado S, Budde H. Physical Activity, Boredom and Fear of COVID-19 Among Adolescents in Germany. Front Psychol 2021; 12:624206. [PMID: 34012413 PMCID: PMC8126672 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effectiveness of physical activity (PA) as an intervention against anxiety disorders and depression is undeniable in clinical psychology. Therefore, the question arose whether these effects also occur when a fear stimulus, like the COVID-19 pandemic, affects otherwise healthy adolescents. Boredom is closely linked to symptoms of fear and anxiety, but the connection between PA, boredom and fear is partly unclear. Methods A cross-sectional online study was conducted that involved 122 students. Participants were 13–19 years old (Mage = 15.83, SD = 1.73). The survey was available online from April 27th to May 3rd, 2020. At this time, schools in Germany had already been closed for 6 weeks. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure physical activity, boredom, and fear of COVID-19. A multiple linear regression model was conducted. Results The reported fear of COVID-19 significantly correlates with total PA, quantity of strenuous PA, and boredom. Furthermore, a significant regression equation was found. The variables boredom, PA, and age contribute significantly to predicting the fear of COVID-19 [R2 = 0.127, F(3,118) = 6.876, p < 0.000], among adolescents. Conclusion Our results indicate that there is an association between PA, boredom and the quarantine experience of adolescents. Students who were physically more active, especially with strenuous intensity, did not feel bored and showed less fear of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- División Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Amatriain-Fernández S, Ezquerro García-Noblejas M, Budde H. Effects of chronic exercise on the inhibitory control of children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1196-1208. [PMID: 33559271 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control is a main component of executive functions that relate to the ability to control prepotent responses and to resist interferences. Deficits in inhibitory control have been associated with numerous disorders, but exercise has become a promising approach to benefit this domain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide synthesized information and effect size calculations of the benefits of chronic exercise interventions on the inhibitory control of healthy children and adolescents. A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, and PsycArticles identified 4166 articles to be screened for eligibility. A total of 10 studies (3138 participants) met the inclusion criteria. A random-effects analysis model was performed in three variables: accuracy, reaction time and combined scores. The results showed a very small but statistically significant effect in accuracy (d = 0.14, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.27, P =.04), and two almost null effects (statistically non-significant), in the reaction time (d = 0.03, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.16, P =.62) and the combined scores (d = 0.06, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.15, P =.17). Despite the high number of studies that reported positive outcomes, this meta-analysis found only modest benefits in the inhibitory control of healthy children and adolescents after they participated in different chronic exercise interventions. The strict inclusion criteria of this study and the high variability in the designs of the exercise interventions included, among other reasons, might explain the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Milagros Ezquerro García-Noblejas
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Henning Budde
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Amatriain-Fernández S, Budde H, Gronwald T, Quiroga C, Carreón C, Viana-Torre G, Yamamoto T, Imperatori C, Machado S, Murillo-Rodríguez E. The Endocannabinoid System as Modulator of Exercise Benefits in Mental Health. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:1304-1322. [PMID: 33342414 PMCID: PMC8719298 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666201218112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 47 million people display mental health disorders Worldwide. In addition, epidemiological studies have shown that the extension of life expectancy and the increase in aged population will significantly impact the prevalence of several mental impairments. Although there are strategies for preventing and alleviating mental illnesses, such as pharmacological and psychological approaches, limited results have been observed. Thus, the search for new therapeutics for managing psychiatric disorders has explored multiple roads. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that physical activity and exercise promote health benefits. On the other hand, among the neurobiological systems that participate in the genesis and development of mental disruptions, the endocannabinoid system has been suggested as an active player. Supporting this hypothesis, data suggest that the elements comprising the endocannabinoid system, such as the CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands (N-arachidonoylethanolamine [anandamide, AEA] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol [2-AG]), transporters and the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of the AEA and 2-AG, modulate mental diseases. In this review, we discuss that the endocannabinoid system might be considered as a modulator for the positive outcomes of exercise in the management of mental disorders. Clinically, this promising field might be exploited by targeting the elements of the endocannabinoid system aimed to increase the exercise benefits applied to patients with mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg. Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla Quiroga
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, Division Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mayab, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Cristina Carreón
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, Division Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mayab, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Viana-Torre
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, Division Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mayab, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria. Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, Division Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mayab, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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Amatriain-Fernández S, Gronwald T, Murillo-Rodríguez E, Imperatori C, Solano AF, Latini A, Budde H. Physical Exercise Potentials Against Viral Diseases Like COVID-19 in the Elderly. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:379. [PMID: 32714938 PMCID: PMC7351507 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandre Francisco Solano
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo - LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo - LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Amatriain-Fernández S, Murillo-Rodríguez ES, Gronwald T, Machado S, Budde H. Benefits of physical activity and physical exercise in the time of pandemic. Psychol Trauma 2020; 12:S264-S266. [PMID: 32478537 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and physical exercise are key factors to help the population to mitigate the effects that the current pandemic is causing on the mental and physical health of citizens worldwide. In such an extreme situation, it is highly recommended to be physically active. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Wegner M, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kaulitzky A, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Machado S, Budde H. Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses: Exercise Effects on Depression in Children and Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:81. [PMID: 32210847 PMCID: PMC7068196 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common threat to children and adolescents in terms of affecting psychosocial development and increasing their risk of suicide. Apart from conventional treatments for depression, physical exercise has become a promising alternative. This paper aims to systematically review the existing meta-analyses that focus on the impact of physical exercise on clinical and nonclinical depression in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MedLine, PubMed, and hand searching. Risk of bias analysis, effect sizes calculations, and evaluation of the methodological characteristics (AMSTAR 2) were carried out. RESULTS Four meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. After analysing the overlap, the total sample contained 30 single studies (mostly including gender mixed samples) and 2,110 participants (age range 5-20 years). The medium duration of the interventions was 11.5 weeks. The sessions had a medium length of 41 min, and the frequency of implementation was three sessions per week. The most implemented intervention type was aerobic exercise, while control groups mainly continued with their regular routine, among other related options. The overall mean effect of physical exercise on depression was medium (d = -0.50). The additional analysis in clinically depressed samples documented a small to medium mean effect (d = -0.48) in favor of the intervention. CONCLUSION The small to medium but consistently positive effects that were found in the present study place physical exercise as a promising and helpful alternative for children and adolescents with clinical and nonclinical depression. The limited literature focused on children and adolescents in comparison with adult samples points to the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Wegner
- Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Kaulitzky
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Pedagogy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Pedagogy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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