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The role of psa density in decision making to perform transperineal prostate biopsy in men with multi-parametric MRI Likert 2 or 3 scores: A retrospective analysis from a multi-centre cancer network study. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Options for fertility preservation (FP) through cryopreservation methods are currently available for young adults, adolescents, and children. Guidelines for FP have been provided by international clinical societies, and emergency procedures aimed at FP have been implemented into clinical practice worldwide. In this article, we review the current data on clinical standards of emergency FP in patients who are facing gonadotoxic effects of cancer treatment, and we also describe the methods that are still under development, usually denoted as experimental. In Sweden, programmes for FP have been established at large university hospitals, thus covering the whole country. The Swedish publicly financed health care covers both assisted reproduction for treatment of infertility and the cryopreservation of gametes or gonadal tissue when there is a medical indication, such as the risk to become infertile due to oncologic treatment; hence the access to FP is ensured for the whole population. At our centre at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, methods for FP have been offered since 1988. In this article, we also review the oncologic indications for FP in our patient cohort of >3000 individuals during the period 1988-2018.
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The appearance of cartilage used in deep inferior epigastric perforator breast reconstruction surgery as a calcified mass on CT scan. BJR Case Rep 2015; 1:20150143. [PMID: 30363154 PMCID: PMC6159135 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20150143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes an unusual radiological appearance of implanted cartilage on CT scan in a patient who had recently undergone deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) breast reconstruction surgery following a mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ. The purpose of this paper is to alert medical practitioners involved with DIEP breast reconstruction surgery, as well as general radiologists, to the possibility of surgically implanted costal cartilage undergoing calcification and then appearing on imaging studies as a malignant process. Information on the patient was gathered from clinical records, imaging reports and pathological samples. A literature search was performed to identify similar cases and the results showed that this occurrence has never before been described and therefore represents an advancement of knowledge about the imaging characteristics of reconstructed breast tissue.
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Evidence for a time-dependent association between FOLR1 expression and survival from ovarian carcinoma: implications for clinical testing. An Ovarian Tumour Tissue Analysis consortium study. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2297-307. [PMID: 25349970 PMCID: PMC4264456 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) is expressed in the majority of ovarian carcinomas (OvCa), making it an attractive target for therapy. However, clinical trials testing anti-FOLR1 therapies in OvCa show mixed results and require better understanding of the prognostic relevance of FOLR1 expression. We conducted a large study evaluating FOLR1 expression with survival in different histological types of OvCa. METHODS Tissue microarrays composed of tumour samples from 2801 patients in the Ovarian Tumour Tissue Analysis (OTTA) consortium were assessed for FOLR1 expression by centralised immunohistochemistry. We estimated associations for overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival using adjusted Cox regression models. High-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were evaluated independently for association between FOLR1 mRNA upregulation and survival. RESULTS FOLR1 expression ranged from 76% in HGSC to 11% in mucinous carcinomas in OTTA. For HGSC, the association between FOLR1 expression and OS changed significantly during the years following diagnosis in OTTA (Pinteraction=0.01, N=1422) and TCGA (Pinteraction=0.01, N=485). In OTTA, particularly for FIGO stage I/II tumours, patients with FOLR1-positive HGSC showed increased OS during the first 2 years only (hazard ratio=0.44, 95% confidence interval=0.20-0.96) and patients with FOLR1-positive clear cell carcinomas (CCC) showed decreased PFS independent of follow-up time (HR=1.89, 95% CI=1.10-3.25, N=259). In TCGA, FOLR1 mRNA upregulation in HGSC was also associated with increased OS during the first 2 years following diagnosis irrespective of tumour stage (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25-0.94). CONCLUSIONS FOLR1-positive HGSC tumours were associated with an increased OS in the first 2 years following diagnosis. Patients with FOLR1-negative, poor prognosis HGSC would be unlikely to benefit from anti-FOLR1 therapies. In contrast, a decreased PFS interval was observed for FOLR1-positive CCC. The clinical efficacy of FOLR1-targeted interventions should therefore be evaluated according to histology, stage and time following diagnosis.
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Evidence for a time-dependent association between FOLR1 expression and survival from ovarian carcinoma: implications for clinical testing. An Ovarian Tumour Tissue Analysis consortium study. Br J Cancer 2014. [PMID: 25349970 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.567] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) is expressed in the majority of ovarian carcinomas (OvCa), making it an attractive target for therapy. However, clinical trials testing anti-FOLR1 therapies in OvCa show mixed results and require better understanding of the prognostic relevance of FOLR1 expression. We conducted a large study evaluating FOLR1 expression with survival in different histological types of OvCa. METHODS Tissue microarrays composed of tumour samples from 2801 patients in the Ovarian Tumour Tissue Analysis (OTTA) consortium were assessed for FOLR1 expression by centralised immunohistochemistry. We estimated associations for overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival using adjusted Cox regression models. High-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were evaluated independently for association between FOLR1 mRNA upregulation and survival. RESULTS FOLR1 expression ranged from 76% in HGSC to 11% in mucinous carcinomas in OTTA. For HGSC, the association between FOLR1 expression and OS changed significantly during the years following diagnosis in OTTA (Pinteraction=0.01, N=1422) and TCGA (Pinteraction=0.01, N=485). In OTTA, particularly for FIGO stage I/II tumours, patients with FOLR1-positive HGSC showed increased OS during the first 2 years only (hazard ratio=0.44, 95% confidence interval=0.20-0.96) and patients with FOLR1-positive clear cell carcinomas (CCC) showed decreased PFS independent of follow-up time (HR=1.89, 95% CI=1.10-3.25, N=259). In TCGA, FOLR1 mRNA upregulation in HGSC was also associated with increased OS during the first 2 years following diagnosis irrespective of tumour stage (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25-0.94). CONCLUSIONS FOLR1-positive HGSC tumours were associated with an increased OS in the first 2 years following diagnosis. Patients with FOLR1-negative, poor prognosis HGSC would be unlikely to benefit from anti-FOLR1 therapies. In contrast, a decreased PFS interval was observed for FOLR1-positive CCC. The clinical efficacy of FOLR1-targeted interventions should therefore be evaluated according to histology, stage and time following diagnosis.
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Ectopic prolactin secretion secondary to an ovarian tumour. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2013; 2013:130016. [PMID: 24616762 PMCID: PMC3922040 DOI: 10.1530/edm-13-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic hormone secretion is a well-recognised phenomenon; however, ectopic prolactin secretion is exceptionally rare. Hoffman and colleagues reported the first ever well-documented case of ectopic prolactin secretion secondary to a gonadoblastoma. We report a lady who presented with galactorrhoea and a large ovarian tumour that was found to secrete high levels of prolactin.
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Fibroepithelial Polyps of the Vagina in Bitches: a Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:181-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokine CXCL12 and its cognate receptor, CXCR4, have been implicated in numerous tumour types where expression promotes tumour growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and suppresses tumour immunity. METHODS Using a tissue microarray of 289 primary ovarian cancers coupled to a comprehensive database of clinicopathological variables, the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and its impact in terms of survival and clinicopathological variables was determined. RESULTS Patients whose tumours expressed high levels of CXCL12 had significantly poorer survival (P=0.026) than patients whose tumours failed to produce this chemokine. Lack of CXCL12 expression within tumours was associated with a 51-month survival advantage for patients when compared with patients whose tumours expressed high levels of CXCL12. FIGO stage, adjuvant chemotherapy and the absence of macroscopic disease after surgery were all shown to predict prognosis independently of each other in this cohort of patients. CXCL12 was independently predictive of prognosis on multivariate analysis (P=0.016). There was no correlation between CXCL12 and any clinicopathological variable. CONCLUSION The chemokine CXCL12 is an independent predictor of poor survival in ovarian cancer. High expression of CXCL12 was seen in only 20% of the tumours, suggesting a role for anti-CXCL12/CXCR4 therapy in the management of these patients.
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Sequential genetic change at the TP53 and chemokine receptor CXCR4 locus during transformation of human ovarian surface epithelium. Oncogene 2012; 31:4987-95. [PMID: 22266861 PMCID: PMC3378508 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early genetic events in the development of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, HGSOC, may define the molecular basis of the profound structural and numerical instability of chromosomes in this disease. To discover candidate genetic changes we sequentially passaged cells from a karyotypically normal hTERT immortalised human ovarian surface epithelial line (IOSE25) resulting in the spontaneous formation of colonies in soft agar. Cell lines (TOSE 1 and 4) established from these colonies had an abnormal karyotype and altered morphology but were not tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. TOSE cells showed loss of heterozygosity at TP53, increased nuclear p53 immunoreactivity and altered expression profile of p53 target genes. The parental IOSE25 cells contained a missense, heterozygous R175H mutation in TP53 whereas TOSE cells had loss of heterozygosity at the TP53 locus with a new R273H mutation at the previous wild-type TP53 allele. Cytogenetic and array CGH analysis of TOSE cells also revealed a focal genomic amplification of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor commonly expressed by HGSOC cells. TOSE cells had increased functional CXCR4 protein and its abrogation reduced epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, expression, as well as colony size and number. The CXCR4 ligand, CXCL12, was epigenetically silenced in TOSE cells and its forced expression increased TOSE colony size. TOSE cells had other cytogenetic changes typical of those seen in HGSOC ovarian cancer cell lines and biopsies. In addition, enrichment of CXCR4 pathway in expression profiles from HGSOC correlated with enrichment of a mutated TP53 gene expression signature and of EGFR pathway genes. Our data suggest that mutations in TP53 and amplification of the CXCR4 gene locus may be early events in the development of HGSOC, and associated with chromosomal instability.
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Canadian Surgery Forum: Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Association of Bariatric Physicians and Surgeons, Canadian Association of General Surgeons, Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons, Canadian Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Society, Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology, Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, London, Ont. Sept. 15-18, 2011. Can J Surg 2011; 54:S57-S104. [PMID: 35488394 PMCID: PMC3191910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
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Human leukocyte antigen class I expression is an independent prognostic factor in advanced ovarian cancer resistant to first-line platinum chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1321-8. [PMID: 19755991 PMCID: PMC2768455 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Loss of HLA class I is important in ovarian cancer prognosis but its role as a prognostic indicator in relation to therapy remains unproven. We studied the prognostic potential of this antigen and its significance in relation to platinum therapy. Methods: A total of 157 primary ovarian cancers were assessed for HLA class I immunohistochemically and linked to a comprehensive database of clinicopathological variables, treatment details, and platinum sensitivity. Results: Tumours expressing high levels of HLA class I had significantly improved survival (P=0.044). There was a 19-month difference in the median overall survival between tumours with high and low antigen expression. HLA class I antigen expression, stage, and platinum sensitivity were independently predictive of prognosis on multivariate analysis. HLA class I antigen was shown to be expressed at higher levels in patients with good overall survival in platinum-resistant patients (P=0.042). HLA class I significantly correlated with overall survival on multivariate analyses (P=0.034). Conclusion: Low-level HLA class I expression is an independent prognostic indicator of poor clinical outcome in ovarian cancer. The survival advantage of patients with platinum-resistant tumours expressing high levels of HLA class I suggests that immunotherapy may be of use in these ovarian cancers resistant to standard chemotherapy.
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Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Association of General Surgeons Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons Canadian Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Society Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons: Victoria, BC Sept. 10-13, 2009. Can J Surg 2009; 52:S1-S48. [PMID: 35488397 PMCID: PMC2726442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Demyelinating events in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) can involve several locations in the central nervous system. We sought to determine if initial clinical demyelinating event (IDE) location predicts subsequent clinical relapse locations in early RRMS. METHODS We identified all RRMS patients from two large MS clinics who were seen within 1 year of disease onset. Logistic regression was performed with the outcome defined as the second or third exacerbation location and the predictor defined as IDE+/-second event location. RESULTS 195 patients with at least two clinical exacerbations were identified. There was an increased odds of a patient's second relapse occurring in the spinal cord if the IDE was in the spinal cord (odds ratio (OR) = 3.79, 95% CI 2.06 to 7.00, p<0.001). There was more than a sixfold increase in the odds of a patient's second relapse occurring in the optic nerve if the IDE was in the optic nerve (OR = 6.18, 95% CI 2.90 to 13.18, p<0.001). These associations remained similar after adjusting for treatment and patient characteristics. If the IDE and second event were both in the same location (spinal cord, optic nerve or brainstem/cerebellum), the third event was likely to remain in that location. CONCLUSION Patients with RRMS have relatively localised clinical relapses. It remains to be determined if genetic or biological processes are responsible for this pattern.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether the severity of and recovery from the initial demyelinating event (IDE) are recapitulated in subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. We sought to identify the factors associated with relapse severity and recovery and to evaluate whether events have inherent severity or recovery. METHODS Patients seen at the UCSF MS Clinic within 1 year of disease onset were identified from a prospective database. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze predictors of three-level categorizations of event severity and recovery. RESULTS We identified 330 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome; 152 had a second event and 63 had a third event. Nonwhite and younger patients were at an increased risk of more severe demyelinating events. A severe prior event predicted a substantial increase in the odds of being above any given severity cutoff for a severe subsequent event (for second event severity, odds ratio [OR] = 5.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.39, 13.26], p < 0.0001; for third event severity, OR = 6.74, 95% CI [1.67, 27.18], p = 0.007). Similarly, poor recovery of the IDE predicted poor second event recovery (OR = 5.28, 95% CI [1.95, 14.25], p = 0.001), while fair or poor second event recovery predicted about a 5- or 13-fold increase in the odds of poor third event recovery. A more severe event also predicted a substantial increase in the odds of poor recovery. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe presentation and poor recovery at disease onset continue on a similar trajectory with subsequent demyelinating events. Whether genetic or other biologic factors are responsible for this pattern remains to be determined.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND While clinical relapses are the defining feature of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), their characteristics vary widely from patient to patient. This study sought to identify predictors of MS relapse location. Based on the current literature, two potential predictors were identified: treatment with interferon beta (IFNB) and location of previous relapse. METHODS Patients with RRMS were identified from the UCSF MS Center database who underwent at least 3 months of treatment with IFNB or glatiramer acetate (GA). The relapse immediately preceding the initiation of treatment (pretreatment relapse) and the first relapse occurring after the initiation of treatment (on-treatment relapse) were coded as affecting the spinal cord (SC), optic nerve (ON), brainstem/cerebellum (BC) or cerebrum. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of on-treatment relapse location. RESULTS The 134 IFNB and 56 GA patients did not differ in gender, race, age at symptom onset (30.3 years) or disease duration at the start of treatment (5.7 years). Patients with pretreatment SC relapses had increased odds of having on-treatment SC compared with non-SC relapses (OR 2.31, p = 0.013); the same tendency for localisation occurred with BC (OR 3.05, p = 0.013) and ON (OR 3.63, p = 0.011) relapses. Additionally, patients who relapsed on treatment had a higher SC (but not ON or BC) relapse risk when they were receiving IFNB compared with GA (OR 2.05, p = 0.041), independent of pretreatment relapse location. CONCLUSION These results show a tendency for patients to have localised exacerbations, which could be mediated by genetic or immunological factors. In addition, and to be confirmed in subsequent studies, IFNB treatment may influence SC relapse risk.
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Comparison of examination of the entire uterine cervix with routine cervical sampling in hysterectomy specimens from women with endometrial cancer. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:621-2. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2007.053504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Canadian Association of General Surgeons Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons: Canadian Surgery Forum, Toronto, Ont., September 6-9, 2007. Can J Surg 2007; 50:1-32. [PMID: 37353894 PMCID: PMC10390043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
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Ligneous cervicitis; is it the emperor's new clothes? Case report and different analysis of aetiology. Histopathology 2006; 49:198-9. [PMID: 16879399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) has been recognized as the most likely precursor of invasive carcinoma of the prostate. Close surveillance and follow-up are indicated if subsequent procedures fail to identify carcinoma. There is still considerable controversy about the natural history of high grade PIN and most authors agree that its identification should not influence or dictate therapeutic decisions. We performed a prophylactic radical prostatectomy in such a case which has not been reported in the world literature.
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Twinning rates in Ghana. TWIN RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR TWIN STUDIES 2001; 4:238-41. [PMID: 11665303 DOI: 10.1375/1369052012452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of twin births in Accra and Kumasi, the two major cities in Ghana, was investigated. In Accra, data were collected from the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital while data were collected and analyzed from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi. Both hospitals are the leading teaching hospitals in Ghana. The data consisted mainly of single and twin births recorded in the hospitals over a period of 12 years in Accra (1988-1999) and 15 years in Kumasi (1985-1999). The study revealed an incidence of 33.4 twin births per thousand live births for Accra and 26.6 twin births per thousand live births for Kumasi. Though these values are not as high as those reported among the Yoruba tribe of southwest Nigeria, who are reported to have the highest twin birth rates in the world, the present values still rank among the highest recorded twin birth rates.
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Endometrial histomorphometry of trimegestone-based sequential hormone replacement therapy: a weighted comparison with the endometrium of the natural cycle. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:2609-18. [PMID: 10527996 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.10.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histomorphometric changes in the endometrium were evaluated under the effect of a trimegestone-based sequential hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimen, and the findings were compared to those in endometrium of the natural cycle. Endometrial samples were taken from postmenopausal women who completed a randomized, double blind, dose-ranging study of oral trimegestone (0.05, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg per day) from day 15 to day 28 with continuous micronized oestradiol 2 mg daily for six treatment cycles. The HRT-treated endometrium, irrespective of the dose, had a smaller mean total glandular area, smaller average glandular diameter, smaller mean total vascular space area and diameter than the luteal phase. Stromal cellularity was similar in the four dose groups. There were reduced glandular secretions in the endometrium from the high dose group. The relative weighting of these histological parameters was evaluated by linear discriminant analysis. The weighted values were dose independent, and may therefore represent either a specific effect of trimegestone, number of days administered, or both. We have constructed an equation to assign a value for a histological parameter which determines the position on linear discriminant functions. These assigned values can be used in other sequential HRT regimens to determine the relative influence of a given progestogen on endometrial morphology in relation to different phases of the natural cycle.
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Abstract
AIMS The prognosis of deeply invasive melanoma can be poor and to a large extent it is unresponsive to treatment once metastases have occurred. It is therefore important that any dermal melanocytic lesions that have some features suggestive of melanoma but are nevertheless benign, should be identified. METHODS AND RESULTS A series of 40 benign melanocytic naevi is described in which the clinical presenting feature was a central focus of increased pigmentation. This was found histologically to correspond to dermal nodules of large melanocytes showing some, usually mild, nuclear atypia but low indices of cellular proliferation. The nodules are found within otherwise typical melanocytic naevi. The clinical and histological differential diagnosis included invasive melanoma but in follow-up, which is admittedly short (mean 24 months), none have recurred or metastasized. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the nodules represent terminal differentiation of melanocytes rather than proliferative changes. They should be distinguished from melanoma and regarded as a variant of benign melanocytic naevi.
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P236 Endometrial responses to a hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimen: Comparative histopathological assessment during the late “pseudo-luteal” phase. Maturitas 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(97)81427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Basement membrane and extracellular interstitial matrix components in bladder neoplasia--evidence of angiogenesis. Histopathology 1994; 25:475-81. [PMID: 7532615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1994.tb00010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical studies to localise collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin and tenascin were undertaken in 59 bladder biopsies. These were non-neoplastic or contained foci of flat dysplasia or of transitional cell neoplasia. Collagen IV and laminin were reliably demonstrated in basement membranes but focal loss of reactivity for collagen IV was found in the urothelial basement membrane in some cases of inflammation, dysplasia, and non-invasive papillary transitional cell tumour. Basement membranes were rarely demonstrated around invasive transitional cell carcinomas. Fibronectin and tenascin were found in the sub-urothelial lamina propria and in some urothelial basement membranes. The stroma of invasive tumours reacted strongly for both. Increased numbers of sub-urothelial capillaries were present in association with some cases of cystitis, flat dysplasia or non-invasive transitional cell neoplasia suggesting an angiogenic stimulus in these circumstances. Immunohistochemical staining of basement membrane components is unlikely to be of value in the routine histopathological assessment of transitional cell neoplasms of the bladder.
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