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Lackner S, Mahnert A, Moissl-Eichinger C, Madl T, Habisch H, Meier-Allard N, Kumpitsch C, Lahousen T, Kohlhammer-Dohr A, Mörkl S, Strobl H, Holasek S. Interindividual differences in aronia juice tolerability linked to gut microbiome and metabolome changes-secondary analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled parallel intervention trial. Microbiome 2024; 12:49. [PMID: 38461313 PMCID: PMC10924357 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aronia melanocarpa is a berry rich in polyphenols known for health benefits. However, the bioavailability of polyphenols has been questioned, and the individual taste acceptance of the fruit with its specific flavor varies. We recently observed substantial differences in the tolerability of aronia juice among healthy females, with half of the individuals tolerating aronia juice without complaints. Given the importance of the gut microbiome in food digestion, we investigated in this secondary analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled parallel intervention study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05432362) if aronia juice tolerability was associated with changes in intestinal microbiota and bacterial metabolites, seeking for potential mechanistic insights into the impact on aronia polyphenol tolerance and metabolic outcomes. RESULTS Forty females were enrolled for this 6-week trial, receiving either 100 ml natural aronia juice (verum, V) twice daily or a polyphenol-free placebo (P) with a similar nutritional profile, followed by a 6-week washout. Within V, individuals were categorized into those who tolerated the juice well (Vt) or reported complaints (Vc). The gut microbiome diversity, as analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing, remained unaltered in Vc but changed significantly in Vt. A MICOM-based flux balance analysis revealed pronounced differences in the 40 most predictive metabolites post-intervention. In Vc carbon-dioxide, ammonium and nine O-glycans were predicted due to a shift in microbial composition, while in Vt six bile acids were the most likely microbiota-derived metabolites. NMR metabolomics of plasma confirmed increased lipoprotein subclasses (LDL, VLDL) post-intervention, reverting after wash out. Stool samples maintained a stable metabolic profile. CONCLUSION In linking aronia polyphenol tolerance to gut microbiota-derived metabolites, our study explores adaptive processes affecting lipoprotein profiles during high polyphenol ingestion in Vt and examines effects on mucosal gut health in response to intolerance to high polyphenol intake in Vc. Our results underpin the importance of individualized hormetic dosing for beneficial polyphenol effects, demonstrate dynamic gut microbiome responses to aronia juice, and emphasize personalized responses in polyphenol interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Mahnert
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Lahousen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kohlhammer-Dohr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Division of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Auenbruggerplatz 3, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Kumpitsch C, Fischmeister FPS, Lackner S, Holasek S, Madl T, Habisch H, Wolf A, Schöpf V, Moissl-Eichinger C. Reduced olfactory performance is associated with changed microbial diversity, oralization, and accumulation of dead biomaterial in the nasal olfactory area. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0154923. [PMID: 38193689 PMCID: PMC10846256 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01549-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The partial or complete loss of the sense of smell, which affects about 20% of the population, impairs the quality of life in many ways. Dysosmia and anosmia are mainly caused by aging, trauma, infections, or even neurodegenerative disease. Recently, the olfactory area-a site containing the olfactory receptor cells responsible for odor perception-was shown to harbor a complex microbiome that reflects the state of olfactory function. This initially observed correlation between microbiome composition and olfactory performance needed to be confirmed using a larger study cohort and additional analyses. A total of 120 participants (middle-aged, no neurodegenerative disease) were enrolled in the study to further analyze the microbial role in human olfactory function. Olfactory performance was assessed using the Sniffin' Stick battery, and participants were grouped accordingly (normosmia: n = 93, dysosmia: n = 27). The olfactory microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and supplemented by metatranscriptomics in a subset (Nose 2.0). Propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment was performed to distinguish between intact and non-intact microbiome components. The gastrointestinal microbiome of these participants was also characterized by amplicon sequencing and metabolomics and then correlated with food intake. Our results confirm that normosmics and dysosmics indeed possess a distinguishable olfactory microbiome. Alpha diversity (i.e., richness) was significantly increased in dysosmics, reflected by an increase in the number of specific taxa (e.g., Rickettsia, Spiroplasma, and Brachybacterium). Lower olfactory performance was associated with microbial signatures from the oral cavity and periodontitis (Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Selenomonas). However, PMA treatment revealed a higher accumulation of dead microbial material in dysosmic subjects. The gastrointestinal microbiome partially overlapped with the nasal microbiome but did not show substantial variation with respect to olfactory performance, although the diet of dysosmic individuals was shifted toward a higher meat intake. Dysosmia is associated with a higher burden of dead microbial material in the olfactory area, indicating an impaired clearance mechanism. As the microbial community of dysosmics (hyposmics and anosmics) appears to be influenced by the oral microbiome, further studies should investigate the microbial oral-nasal interplay in individuals with partial or complete olfactory loss.IMPORTANCEThe loss of the sense of smell is an incisive event that is becoming increasingly common in today's world due to infections such as COVID-19. Although this loss usually recovers a few weeks after infection, in some cases, it becomes permanent-why is yet to be answered. Since this condition often represents a psychological burden in the long term, there is a need for therapeutic approaches. However, treatment options are limited or even not existing. Understanding the role of the microbiome in the impairment of olfaction may enable the prediction of olfactory disorders and/or could serve as a possible target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Axel Wolf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Veronika Schöpf
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
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Lackner S, Mörkl S, Winkler A, Toplak H, Roller-Wirnsberger R, Holasek S. Implementation Of Nutrition Education In The Medical School Of Graz, Austria. Self-Perception Of Clinical Nutrition Knowledge Among Medical Students - Preliminary Result. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Breschan C, Graf G, Arneitz C, Stettner H, Neuwersch S, Stadik C, Koestenberger M, Holasek S, Likar R. Retrospective evaluation of 599 brachiocephalic vein cannulations in neonates and preterm infants. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129:e138-e140. [PMID: 36109205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gudrun Graf
- Department of Anaesthesia, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christoph Arneitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Haro Stettner
- Department of Statistics, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Stefan Neuwersch
- Department of Anaesthesia, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christian Stadik
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Krankenhaus Hermagor, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Holasek
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Likar
- Department of Anaesthesia, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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Fuchs-Neuhold B, Staubmann W, Peterseil M, Rath A, Schweighofer N, Kronberger A, Riederer M, van der Kleyn M, Martin J, Hörmann-Wallner M, Waldner I, Konrad M, Aufschnaiter AL, Siegmund B, Berghold A, Holasek S, Pail E. Investigating New Sensory Methods Related to Taste Sensitivity, Preferences and Diet of Mother-Infant Pairs and its Relationship to Body Composition and Biomarkers: Protocol for an Explorative Study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e37279. [PMID: 35475790 PMCID: PMC9096638 DOI: 10.2196/37279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early experiences with different flavors play an important role in infant development, including food and taste acceptance. Flavors are already perceived in utero with the development of the taste and olfactory system and are passed on to the child through breast and bottle feeding. Therefore, the first 1000 days of life are considered a critical window for infant developmental programming. Objective The objective of our study is to investigate, both in the prenatal and postnatal period, taste sensitivity, preferences, and dietary diversity of mother-infant pairs. The explorative study design will also report on the impact of these variables on body composition (BC) and biomarkers. In contrast to conventional methods, this study involves long-term follow-up data collection from mother-infant pairs; moreover, the integration of audiovisual tools for recording infants' expressions pertaining to taste stimuli is a novelty of this study. Considering these new methodological approaches, the study aims to assess taste-related data in conjunction with BC parameters like fat-free mass or fat mass, biomarkers, and nutritional intake in infants and children. Methods Healthy pregnant women aged between 18 and 50 years (BMI≥18.5 kg/m2 to ≤30 kg/m2; <28 weeks of gestation) were recruited from January 2014 to October 2014. The explorative design implies 2 center visits during pregnancy (24-28 weeks of gestation and 32-34 weeks of gestation) and 2 center visits after delivery (6-8 weeks postpartum and 14-16 weeks postpartum) as well as follow-up visits at 1, 3-3.5, and 6 years after delivery. Data collection encompasses anthropometric and biochemical measurements as well as BC analyses with air displacement plethysmography, taste perception assessments, and multicomponent questionnaires on demographics, feeding practices, and nutritional and lifestyle behaviors. Audiovisual data from infants’ reactions to sensory stimuli are collected and coded by trained staff using Baby Facial Action Coding and the Body Action Posture System. Birth outcomes and weight development are obtained from medical records, and additional qualitative data are gathered from 24 semistructured interviews. Results Our cohort represents a homogenous group of healthy women with stringent exclusion criteria. A total of 54 women met the eligibility criteria, whereas 47 mother-child pairs completed data collection at 4 center visits during and after pregnancy. Follow-up phases, data analyses, and dissemination of the findings are scheduled for the end of 2023. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Medical University of Graz (EC No 26–066 ex 13/14), and all participants provided informed consent. Conclusions The results of this study could be useful for elucidating the connections between maternal and infant statuses regarding diet, taste, biomarkers, and prenatal and postnatal weight development. This study may also be relevant to the establishment of further diagnostic and interventional strategies targeting childhood obesity and early body fat development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37279
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Fuchs-Neuhold
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Staubmann
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Marie Peterseil
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Rath
- Institute of Midwifery, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Natascha Schweighofer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anika Kronberger
- Institute of Design and Communication, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Riederer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Moenie van der Kleyn
- Institute of Midwifery, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Jochen Martin
- Institute of Design and Communication, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlies Hörmann-Wallner
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Irmgard Waldner
- Institute of Midwifery, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuela Konrad
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Lena Aufschnaiter
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Siegmund
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pail
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
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Lafer I, Michaelis S, Schneider C, Baranyi A, Schnedl WJ, Holasek S, Zelzer S, Niedrist T, Meinitzer A, Enko D. Beta-trace protein concentrations at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier - acute phase affects protein status. EXCLI J 2021; 20:1446-1452. [PMID: 34737686 PMCID: PMC8564902 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lafer
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, Mürzzuschlag, Austria
| | - Simon Michaelis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Christopher Schneider
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Andreas Baranyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Holasek
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Otto Loewi Research Center, Graz, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Enko
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Greimel T, Jahnel J, Pohl S, Strini T, Tischitz M, Meier-Allard N, Holasek S, Meinel K, Aguiriano-Moser V, Zobel J, Haidl H, Gallistl S, Panzitt K, Wagner M, Schlagenhauf A. Bile acid-induced tissue factor activity in hepatocytes correlates with activation of farnesoid X receptor. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1394-1402. [PMID: 34145381 PMCID: PMC8440176 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) have been found to promote coagulation by increasing tissue factor (TF) activity. The contribution of elevated BA levels and cholestasis to TF decryption within the liver parenchyma and the role of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in this process remain unclear. We investigated the effects of BA on TF activity and thrombin generation in hepatocytes and correlated these effects with activation of FXR-dependent signaling and apoptosis. HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes were incubated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDA), or the synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 for 24 h. MTT tests demonstrated cell viability throughout experiments. TF activity was tested via factor Xa generation and thrombin generation was measured by calibrated automated thrombography. Increased TF activity alongside enhanced thrombin generation was observed with CDCA and GW4064 but not with GCDCA and UDCA. TF activity was substantially reduced when FXR activation was blocked with the antagonist DY 268. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed upregulation of FXR target genes only by CDCA and GW4064. Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy showed no TF overexpression arguing for TF decryption. Caspase 3 activity measurements and flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V binding showed no signs of apoptosis. Long-term exposure of hepatocytes to nontoxic BA may cause intracellular FXR overstimulation, triggering TF decryption irrespective of the amphiphilic properties of BA. The effect of BA on TF activation correlates with the molecule's ability to enter the cells and activate FXR. TF decryption occurs independently of apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Greimel
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Jahnel
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sina Pohl
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Strini
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Tischitz
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Meinel
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Victor Aguiriano-Moser
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joachim Zobel
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Haidl
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Siegfried Gallistl
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Panzitt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Axel Schlagenhauf
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Kumpitsch C, Fischmeister FPS, Mahnert A, Lackner S, Wilding M, Sturm C, Springer A, Madl T, Holasek S, Högenauer C, Berg IA, Schoepf V, Moissl-Eichinger C. Reduced B12 uptake and increased gastrointestinal formate are associated with archaeome-mediated breath methane emission in humans. Microbiome 2021; 9:193. [PMID: 34560884 PMCID: PMC8464155 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methane is an end product of microbial fermentation in the human gastrointestinal tract. This gas is solely produced by an archaeal subpopulation of the human microbiome. Increased methane production has been associated with abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, IBD, CRC or other conditions. Twenty percent of the (healthy) Western populations innately exhale substantially higher amounts (>5 ppm) of this gas. The underlying principle for differential methane emission and its effect on human health is not sufficiently understood. RESULTS We assessed the breath methane content, the gastrointestinal microbiome, its function and metabolome, and dietary intake of one-hundred healthy young adults (female: n = 52, male: n = 48; mean age =24.1). On the basis of the amount of methane emitted, participants were grouped into high methane emitters (CH4 breath content 5-75 ppm) and low emitters (CH4 < 5 ppm). The microbiomes of high methane emitters were characterized by a 1000-fold increase in Methanobrevibacter smithii. This archaeon co-occurred with a bacterial community specialized on dietary fibre degradation, which included members of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae. As confirmed by metagenomics and metabolomics, the biology of high methane producers was further characterized by increased formate and acetate levels in the gut. These metabolites were strongly correlated with dietary habits, such as vitamin, fat and fibre intake, and microbiome function, altogether driving archaeal methanogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study enlightens the complex, multi-level interplay of host diet, genetics and microbiome composition/function leading to two fundamentally different gastrointestinal phenotypes and identifies novel points of therapeutic action in methane-associated disorders. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Mahnert
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marilena Wilding
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Corina Sturm
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Springer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivan A. Berg
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Veronika Schoepf
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Riederer M, Schweighofer N, Trajanoski S, Stelzer C, Zehentner M, Fuchs-Neuhold B, Kashofer K, Mayr JA, Hörmann-Wallner M, Holasek S, van der Kleyn M. Free threonine in human breast milk is related to infant intestinal microbiota composition. Amino Acids 2021; 54:365-383. [PMID: 34477981 PMCID: PMC8948153 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that free amino acids (FAA) might be bioactive compounds with potential immunomodulatory capabilities. However, the FAA composition in human milk is still poorly characterized with respect to its correlation to maternal serum levels and its physiological significance for the infant. Studies addressing the relation of human milk FAA to the infants' intestinal microbiota are still missing. METHODS As part of a pilot study, maternal serum and breast milk FAA concentrations as well as infant intestinal microbiota (16S rRNA) were determined 2 months after birth. The study cohort consisted of 41 healthy mothers and their term delivered, healthy infants with normal birthweight. The relationship between maternal serum and milk FAA was determined by correlation analyses. Associations between (highly correlated) milk FAA and infant intestinal beta diversity were tested using PERMANOVA, LefSe and multivariate regression models adjusted for common confounders. RESULTS Seven breast milk FAA correlated significantly with serum concentrations. One of these, threonine showed a negative association with abundance of members of the class Gammaproteobacteria (R2adj = 17.1%, p = 0.006; β= - 0.441). In addition, on the level of families and genera, threonine explained 23.2% of variation of the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (R2adj; p = 0.001; β = - 0.504) and 11.1% of variability in the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella (R2adj, p = 0.025; β = - 0.368), when adjusted for confounders. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to suggest potential interactions between breast milk FAA and infant gut microbiota composition during early lactation. The results might be indicative of a potential protective role of threonine against members of the Enterobacteriaceae family in breast-fed infants. Still, results are based on correlation analyses and larger cohorts are needed to support the findings and elucidate possible underlying mechanisms to assess the complex interplay between breast milk FAA and infant intestinal microbiota in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Slave Trajanoski
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Stelzer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Zehentner
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Bianca Fuchs-Neuhold
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marlies Hörmann-Wallner
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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10
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Enko D, Moro T, Holasek S, Baranyi A, Schnedl WJ, Zelzer S, Mangge H, Herrmann M, Meinitzer A. Branched-chain amino acids are linked with iron metabolism. Ann Transl Med 2021; 8:1569. [PMID: 33437768 PMCID: PMC7791222 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) valine, leucine and isoleucine are reported to influence erythropoiesis and the human iron status. Large study cohorts encompassing biomarkers of iron metabolism and BCAAs are still lacking. Methods We investigated potential interactions between blood concentrations of all three BCAAs valine, leucine and isoleucine and biomarkers of iron metabolism [i.e., hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), iron, transferrin, ferritin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)] in 430 outpatients referred for a medical health check-up. Linear regression models were performed to assess possible associations between variables. Results All three BCAAs were positively correlated with Hb, ferritin and the sTfR (r-values: 0.145–0.382; P values: <0.001–0.003). The strongest correlation was observed between valine and Hb (r=0.382; P value <0.001). Linear regression models showed a statistically significant influence of all three BCAAs on Hb and ferritin (β-coefficients: 0.173–0.351; all P values: <0.001). Seventeen patients with anemia (4%) were found with significantly lower serum BCAA concentrations compared to 413 non-anemic individuals (P<0.05). Conclusions These data indicate a pathophysiological link between the three BCAAs valine, leucine and isoleucine and the human iron indicators Hb and ferritin. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact causal mechanisms of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Enko
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas Moro
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Otto Loewi Research Center, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Baranyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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11
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Lackner S, Meier-Allard N, Mörkl S, Müller W, Fürhapter-Rieger A, Mangge H, Zelzer S, Holasek S. Hypercarotenemia in Anorexia Nervosa Patients May Influence Weight Balance: Results of a Clinical Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:758300. [PMID: 34992554 PMCID: PMC8725815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.758300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) can co-occur with hypercarotenemia, a clinical condition characterized by elevated β-carotene in plasma and skin tissue. Carotenoids have known anti-obesogenic effects in adipocyte biology. Thus, carotenoids may potentially play a retarding role in weight gain during the recovery of AN patients. This study evaluated the plasma carotenoid profile and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in a cohort of AN patients and normal weight (NW) controls. Methods: Plasma concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene were determined by HPLC analysis. SAT thicknesses were measured by a highly accurate and reliable ultrasound technique. Information on dietary intakes were collected by repeated 24-h recalls. Results: Sixty-two females (AN: n = 18, NW: n = 44) were included. The concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin (p = 0.045) and lycopene (p = 0.004) were significantly lower in AN patients. β-carotene levels were higher in AN patients (n.s.) and α-carotene did not differ significantly. SAT thickness was significantly lower in AN patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). β-carotene was significantly negative (r s = -0.471) and lycopene significantly positive (r s = 0.366) correlated with SAT. The correlation of β-carotene and SAT was even higher in the AN group alone (r s = -0.742). Also, β- cryptoxanthin and the sum of provitamin A carotenoids were correlated to SAT (r s = -0.647 and r s = -0.746, respectively) in AN patients. Fruits and vegetable intake did not differ significantly between AN and NW but adjusted for SAT, AN patients consumed relatively higher amounts (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Higher plasma β-carotene concentrations were associated with reduced SAT levels, most probably due to a reduced ability of the remaining adipose tissue to store carotenoids. Thus, the antiobesity effects of carotenoids might impact the treatment success of undernutrition and AN. A systemic carotenoid overload may contribute to changes in adipogenesis and metabolic capacities for energy storage. Therefore, high plasma β-carotene may be a marker of delay in weight recovery in AN patients. Interventional studies should consider including carotenoid-status in AN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfram Müller
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred Fürhapter-Rieger
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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12
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Enko D, Zelzer S, Wenninger J, Holasek S, Schnedl WJ, Baranyi A, Herrmann M, Meinitzer A. Interleukin-6 is associated with tryptophan metabolism and signs of depression in individuals with carbohydrate malabsorption. EXCLI J 2020; 19:1414-1422. [PMID: 33312105 PMCID: PMC7726491 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate possible associations between interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lactoferrin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) with TRP metabolism and signs of depression in a large cohort of outpatients referred for carbohydrate malabsorption testing. Serum concentrations of IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α, lactoferrin, LBP, tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN) and kynuric acid were determined in 250 adults referred for lactose and fructose malabsorption testing. All participants filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Serum IL-6 levels were positively correlated with the BDI score (p = 0.001, ρ = 0.205) and indicators of TRP metabolism (KYN/TRP ratio, KYN) (P-values < 0.05, ρ = 0.176 and 0.136). Ninety-five individuals with a BDI score > 13 showed significantly higher IL-6 serum levels (1.7 [1.0 - 2.8] vs. 1.1 [0.8 - 1.7] pg/mL, p < 0.001) compared to 115 individuals with a BDI score ≤ 13. LBP showed a positive correlation with the KYN/TRP ratio (p = 0.005, ρ = 0.177). IL-6 and LBP were associated with indicators of TRP metabolism. IL-6 was found to be linked to signs of depression. Individuals with the presence of depressive symptoms showed higher serum IL-6 levels compared to individuals without depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Enko
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julian Wenninger
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Baranyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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13
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Riederer M, Wallner M, Schweighofer N, Fuchs-Neuhold B, Rath A, Berghold A, Eberhard K, Groselj-Strele A, Staubmann W, Peterseil M, Waldner I, Mayr JA, Rothe M, Holasek S, Maunz S, Pail E, van der Kleyn M. Distinct maternal amino acids and oxylipins predict infant fat mass and fat-free mass indices. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 129:563-574. [PMID: 33283558 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1846204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Interested in maternal determinants of infant fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI), considered as predictors for later development of obesity, we analysed amino acids (AA) and oxylipins in maternal serum and breast milk (BM). FMI and FFMI were calculated in 47 term infants aged 4 months (T4). Serum AA were analysed in pregnancy (T1, T2) and 6-8 weeks postpartum (T3). At T3, AA and oxylipins were analysed in BM. Biomarker-index-associations were identified by regression analysis. Infant FMI (4.1 ± 1.31 kg/m2; MW ± SD) was predicted by T2 proline (R2 adj.: 7.6%, p = .036) and T3 BM 11-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic-acid (11-HETE) and 13-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic-acid (13-HDHA; together:35.5% R2 adj., p < .001). Maternal peripartum antibiotics (AB) emerged as confounders (+AB: 23.5% higher FMI; p = .025). Infant FFMI (12.1 ± 1.19 kg/m2; MW ± SD) was predicted by histidine (R2 adj.: 14.5%, p < .001) and 17-HDHA (BM, R2 adj.:19.3%, p < .001), determined at T3. Confirmed in a larger cohort, the parameters could elucidate connections between maternal metabolic status, nutrition, and infant body development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlies Wallner
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Bianca Fuchs-Neuhold
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Rath
- Institute of Midwifery, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Eberhard
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Groselj-Strele
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Staubmann
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Marie Peterseil
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Irmgard Waldner
- Institute of Midwifery, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Holasek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Maunz
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pail
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
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14
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Enko D, Zelzer S, Niedrist T, Holasek S, Baranyi A, Schnedl WJ, Herrmann M, Meinitzer A. Assessment of trimethylamine-N-oxide at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier: Results from 290 lumbar punctures. EXCLI J 2020; 19:1275-1281. [PMID: 33122976 PMCID: PMC7590830 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the microbiome-derived trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) was shown to be present in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, data on the potential of TMAO crossing the blood-CSF barrier are still lacking. This retrospective study aimed at investigating possible associations between the CSF/serum albumin (QALB) and TMAO (QTMAO) quotient and evaluating QTMAO values in individuals with and without blood-CSF barrier dysfunction. A total of 290 patients, who underwent diagnostic lumbar puncture with QALB and QTMAO determination, were evaluated. Serum and CSF TMAO measurements were performed on a tandem mass spectrometry SCIEX QTRAP 4500 (Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA, USA) coupled with an Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC system (Agilent Technologies Santa Clara, CA, USA). Serum and CSF albumin were measured on the Atellica® NEPH 630 system (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). CSF TMAO levels were positively correlated with serum TMAO levels (ρ = 0.709, p < 0.001). The QALB was significantly associated with the QTMAO (ß-coefficient = 0.312; p < 0.001). A total of 117 patients with blood-CSF barrier dysfunction had significantly higher median (Q1 - Q3) QTMAO values (4.7 (2.8 - 7.5) vs. 3.8 (2.5 - 5.7) x 10-1, p = 0.002) compared to 173 individuals with normal blood-CSF barrier function. CSF and serum TMAO concentrations were significantly associated in 290 CSF/serum pairs from lumbar punctures of clinical routine. QALB showed a relevant influence on QTMAO. Present results indicate that TMAO may cross the blood-CSF barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Enko
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Otto Loewi Research Center, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Baranyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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15
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Grote V, Unger A, Böttcher E, Muntean M, Puff H, Marktl W, Mur E, Kullich W, Holasek S, Hofmann P, Lackner HK, Goswami N, Moser M. General and Disease-Specific Health Indicator Changes Associated with Inpatient Rehabilitation. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:2017.e10-2017.e27. [PMID: 32736990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rehabilitation plays a vital role in the mitigation and improvement of functional limitations associated with aging and chronic conditions. Moderating factors such as sex, age, the medical diagnosis, and rehabilitation timing for admission status, as well as the expected change related to inpatient rehabilitation, are examined to provide a valid basis for the routine assessment of the quality of medical outcomes. DESIGN An observational study was carried out, placing a focus on general and disease-specific health measurements, to assess representative results of multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation. Aspects that were possibly confounding and introduced bias were controlled based on data from a quasi-experimental (waiting) control group. MEASURES Existing data or general health indicators were extracted from medical records. The indicators included blood pressure, resting heart rate, self-assessed health, and pain, as well as more disease-specific indicators of physical function and performance (eg, activities of daily living, walking tests, blood lipids). These are used to identify moderating factors related to health outcomes. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A standardized collection of routine data from 16,966 patients [61.5 ± 12.5 years; 7871 (46%) women, 9095 (54%) men] with different medical diagnoses before and after rehabilitation were summarized using a descriptive evaluation in terms of a content and factor analysis. RESULTS Without rehabilitation, general health indicators did not improve independently and remained stable at best [odds ratio (OR) = 0.74], whereas disease-specific indicators improved noticeably after surgery (OR = 3.20). Inpatient rehabilitation was shown to reduce the risk factors associated with certain lifestyles, optimize organ function, and improve well-being in most patients (>70%; cutoff: z-difference >0.20), with a standardized mean difference (SMD) seen in overall medical quality outcome of -0.48 ± 0.37 [pre- vs post-rehabilitation: ηp2 = 0.622; dCohen = -1.22; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -1.24 to -1.19]. The baseline medical values obtained at the beginning of rehabilitation were influenced by indication, age, and sex (all P < .001); however, these factors have less significant effects on improvements in general health indicators (ηp2 < 0.01). According to the disease-specific results, the greatest improvements were found in older patients (SMD for patients >60 vs ≤60 years: 95% CI 0.08-0.11) and during the early rehabilitation stage (ηp2 = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Compared with those who received no inpatient rehabilitation, patients who received rehabilitation showed greater improvements in 2 independent areas, general and disease-specific health measures, regardless of their diagnosis, age, and sex. Due to the study design and the use of a nonrandomized waiting group, causal conclusions must be drawn with caution. However, the comparability and stability of the presented results strongly support the validity of the observed improvements associated with inpatient rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Grote
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexandra Unger
- University College of Teacher Education Carinthia, Viktor Frankl University College, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Marktl
- GAMED & Karl Landsteiner Institut für Traditionelle Medizin, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erich Mur
- Univ.-Klinik Innsbruck & Research Unit f. Orthopädische Physiotherapie (UMIT), Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Werner Kullich
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Department for Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut K Lackner
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Human Research Institute, Weiz, Austria
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Enko D, Herrmann M, Holasek S, Meinitzer A, Moro T, Schnedl W. 3068 – LINK BETWEEN BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS, IRON METABOLISM AND ANEMIA – A NEW PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONCEPT. Exp Hematol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Breschan C, Graf G, Arneitz C, Stettner H, Feigl G, Neuwersch S, Stadik C, Koestenberger M, Holasek S, Likar R. Feasibility of the ultrasound-guided supraclavicular cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein in very small weight infants: A case series. Paediatr Anaesth 2020; 30:928-933. [PMID: 32449570 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of the supraclavicular ultrasound-guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein in infants weighing less than 1500 g. METHODS The ultrasound probe was placed in the supraclavicular region so as to obtain the optimum sonographic long-axis view of the brachiocephalic vein. By using an in-plane approach the brachiocephalic vein was cannulated by using a 24-gauge intravenous cannula under real-time ultrasound guidance into the vein followed by the insertion of a 2-French single lumen catheter using the Seldinger technique. RESULTS Forty-six brachiocephalic vein cannulations in infants weighing between 0.55 and 1.5 kg (Median: 1.2; 95%-CI: 0.9-1.2) were included. Ultimate success rate was 89.1% (41 out of 46). One cannulation attempt was required in 30 (65.2%) patients, 2 in 6 (13%) and 3 in 5 (10.8%), respectively. Smaller weight babies did not require significantly more cannulation attempts. The probability of successful cannulation on the first attempt increased significantly from 40% (2010) to more than 80% (2019) over the time course of this series. Median catheter dwell time was 15 days (95%-CI: 9-20) with one catheter being removed prematurely after 8 days due to obstruction. CONCLUSION Supracalvicular in-plane real-time ultrasound-guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein seems to be a convenient and feasible option to provide large-bore central venous access for very small and sick babies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gudrun Graf
- Department of Anesthesia, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christoph Arneitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Haro Stettner
- Department of Statistics, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Georg Feigl
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Neuwersch
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Krankenhaus Hermagor, Hermagor, Austria
| | - Christian Stadik
- Department of Anesthesia, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Holasek
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Likar
- Department of Anesthesia, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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18
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Dams S, Holasek S, Tsiountsioura M, Edelsbrunner M, Dietz P, Koefeler H, Malliga DE, Gürbüz A, Meier-Allard N, Poncza B, Lackner S, Schwarzenberger E, Jansenberger Y, Lamprecht M. Effects of a plant-based fatty acid supplement and a powdered fruit, vegetable and berry juice concentrate on omega-3-indices and serum micronutrient concentrations in healthy subjects. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:769-780. [PMID: 32064970 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1725960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The major aim of this controlled, randomised, open-labelled, parallel-grouped, clinical trial was to investigate whether supplementation with different dosages of omega-3 fatty acids (0.5 g/d and 1 g/d) from a plant-based fatty acid supplement affected omega-3-indices (O3I) in well-nourished, healthy people. In addition, the combined ingestion of the plant-based fatty acid supplement, together with an encapsulated fruit, vegetable and berry (FVB) juice powder concentrate, was applied in order to observe the absorption of certain micronutrients and to examine some aspects related to the safe consumption of the products. The data demonstrate that the intake of only 0.5 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids from of a vegan supplement was able to increase the O3I significantly after 8 and 16 weeks. The combined ingestion with the FVB supplement concurrently increased serum concentrations of specific vitamins and carotenoids without effects on hepatic, kidney and thyroid function or changes in blood lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dams
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melina Tsiountsioura
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+® Science Institute, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Martin Edelsbrunner
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Pavel Dietz
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Koefeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, ZMF, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela-Eugenia Malliga
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ayse Gürbüz
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Poncza
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elke Schwarzenberger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yvonne Jansenberger
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+® Science Institute, Memphis, TN, USA.,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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19
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Meinitzer S, Baranyi A, Holasek S, Schnedl WJ, Zelzer S, Mangge H, Herrmann M, Meinitzer A, Enko D. Sex-Specific Associations of Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Zonulin with Signs of Depression in Carbohydrate Malabsorbers and Nonmalabsorbers. Dis Markers 2020; 2020:7897240. [PMID: 31998418 PMCID: PMC6969987 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7897240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome-derived trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and the intestinal permeability marker zonulin are considered to be linked with depression. Moreover, carbohydrate malabsorption (CMA) was shown to be associated with signs of depression. This study is aimed at investigating possible sex-specific associations between TMAO and zonulin and the presence of depressive signs in individuals with and without CMA. METHODS Serum concentrations of TMAO and zonulin were determined in 115 and 136 individuals with the presence or absence of CMA. All 251 study participants underwent lactase gene C/T-13910 polymorphism genotyping and fructose H2/CH4 breath testing. Additionally, they filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) questionnaire. RESULTS The median TMAO and zonulin serum concentrations were 2.66 (1.93-4.14) μmol/L and 40.83 (34.73-47.48) ng/mL. Serum TMAO levels were positively correlated with depressive symptoms (P = 0.011, ρ = 0.160). The strongest correlations were observed in 87 females (P = 0.010, ρ = 0.274) and 49 males (P = 0.027, ρ = 0.315) without CMA, whereas 115 patients with CMA showed no significant correlations. Zonulin tended to be negatively correlated with the BDI-II score in 49 males without CMA (P = 0.062, ρ = -0.269). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a positive correlationship between the serum TMAO concentrations and the severity of depressive symptoms in females and males without CMA. Serum zonulin levels were negatively correlated with signs of depression in males without CMA. These findings suggest a gender-specific relationship between the serum TMAO and zonulin concentrations, depression, and CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Meinitzer
- 1Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Baranyi
- 2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- 3Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- 1Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- 1Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- 1Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- 1Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Enko
- 1Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- 5Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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20
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Bruckner M, Khan Z, Binder C, Morris N, Windisch B, Holasek S, Urlesberger B. Extremely Preterm Infants Have a Higher Fat Mass Percentage in Comparison to Very Preterm Infants at Term-Equivalent Age. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:61. [PMID: 32219084 PMCID: PMC7078645 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early nutritional support of preterm infants is important because it influences long-term health and development. Body composition has an influence on cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and neurocognitive outcome in the long term. Objective: To assess body composition in preterm infants <32 weeks of gestation at term-equivalent age and to analyze the influence of an optimized nutritional approach. Methods: This is a prespecified secondary outcome analysis of a prospective observational study comparing the body composition in regard to gestational age. The preterm infants were classified according to gestational age as extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks gestation at birth) and very preterm infants (≥28 weeks gestation at birth) and according to weight percentile as appropriate for gestational age and small for gestational age. Body composition was determined by air displacement plethysmography using the PEA POD. The preterm infants obtained nutrition according to the ESPGHAN 2010 Guidelines. Results: Seventy-four preterm infants were analyzed. The mean (SD) gestational age was 28.7 (2.4) weeks, and birth weight was 1,162 (372) g. Fat mass percentage was significantly higher in extremely preterm infants in comparison to very preterm infants [17.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.9-18.1 vs. 15.5, 95% CI 14.7-16.2]. There was no significant difference of fat mass percentage according to weight percentiles. Conclusions: Extremely preterm infants had a significantly higher fat mass percentage compared to very preterm infants at term-equivalent age. There was no significant difference of fat mass percentage according to weight percentiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Bruckner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zahra Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Christoph Binder
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicholas Morris
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernadette Windisch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Berndt Urlesberger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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21
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Tatzber F, Wonisch W, Lackner S, Lindschinger M, Pursch W, Resch U, Trummer C, Murkovic M, Zelzer S, Holasek S, Cvirn G. A Micromethod for Polyphenol High-Throughput Screening Saves 90 Percent Reagents and Sample Volume. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010011. [PMID: 31877807 PMCID: PMC7023636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that polyphenols are important natural substances with pronounced antioxidative properties. This study aimed to develop a fast and reliable method to determine total polyphenol content (TPC) in foodstuffs and human samples. The microtitration format offers the advantage of low sample volumes in the microlitre range, facilitating high-throughput screening with 40 samples simultaneously. We accordingly adjusted the so-called Folin–Ciocalteu method to a microtitre format (polyphenols microtitre—PPm) with 90% reduction of reagents. The assay was standardized with gallic acid in the range between 0.1 and 3 mM, using a 20 µL sample volume. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 5%, and inter-assay CV was in the range of 10%. Wavelength was measured at 766 nm after two hours of incubation. This micromethod correlates significantly with both the classical Folin–Ciocalteu method and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (r2 = 0.9829). We further observed a significant correlation between PPm and total antioxidants (r2 = 0.918). The highest polyphenol concentrations were obtained for red, blue, and black fruits, vegetables, and juices. Extracts of red grapes could be harvested almost sugar free and might serve as a basis for polyphenol supplementation. Beer, flour, and bread contained polyphenol concentrations sufficient to meet the minimal daily requirement. We conclude that PPm is a sensitive and reliable method that detects polyphenols even in samples diluted 10-fold. The literature strongly recommends further investigations on the effects of polyphenol uptake on human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Tatzber
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Willibald Wonisch
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Meinrad Lindschinger
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, Outpatient Clinic Laßnitzhöhe, 8301 Laßnitzhöhe, Austria;
| | - Werner Pursch
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Ulrike Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christopher Trummer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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22
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Dams S, Holasek S, Tsiountsioura M, Malliga DE, Meier-Allard N, Poncza B, Lackner S, Jansenberger Y, Lamprecht M. An encapsulated fruit, vegetable and berry juice powder concentrate increases plasma values of specific carotenoids and vitamins. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:77-86. [PMID: 31726948 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins and carotenoids are organic compounds that are important for vital functions of the human organism. Since the human body is not able to synthesize most of these micronutrients, they need to be supplied by the intake of food or supplements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a whole food based, encapsulated fruit, berry, and vegetable juice powder concentrate provides bioavailable carotenoids and vitamins A (all-trans retinol), E and C. Eighteen healthy subjects received 6 capsules a day for 8 weeks, which provided 2.91 mg β-carotene, 490 μg vitamin A, 18.7 mg vitamin E, 159 mg vitamin C, 6.1 mg lutein and 1 mg lycopene. Plasma concentrations of several carotenoids and vitamins before and after supplementation were measured. After 8 weeks of supplementation, the plasma concentration of the following carotenoids increased significantly: α-carotene increased from 59.6 ± 22.4 nmol/L to 85.7 ± 24.2 nmol/L (p = 0.002), β-cryptoxanthin from 106.7 ± 39.8 nmol/L to 151.9 ± 57.9 nmol/L (p = 0.017), and lycopene from 1.2 ± 0.5 μmol/L to 1.7 ± 0.5 μmol/L (p = 0.005). Significant increases were also observed for plasma concentrations of vitamin C from 70 ± 20 μmol/L to 90 ± 10 μmol/L (p < 0.001), all-trans retinol from 1.99 ± 0.24 μmol/L to 2.30 ± 0.66 μmol/L (p = 0.015), and α-tocopherol from 27 ± 6 μmol/L to 32 ± 6 μmol/L (p = 0.008). For those micronutrients with accepted plasma reference ranges, all observed increases levelled off around the upper limit of the individual reference range. The data demonstrate that the investigated supplement is able to increase plasma concentrations of certain carotenoids and vitamins of healthy subjects within 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dams
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melina Tsiountsioura
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+® Science Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniela-Eugenia Malliga
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Poncza
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yvonne Jansenberger
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+ Science Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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23
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Dams S, Holasek S, Malliga D, Jansenberger Y, Schwarzenberger E, Lamprecht M. Plant-based Fatty Acid Food Supplement Can Increase Erythrocyte omega-3-index (P06-012-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz031.p06-012-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Via a randomized controlled clinical trial we evaluated whether 0.5 g or 1 g of omega-3-fatty acids from a plant-based food supplement (Juice Plus+® OMEGA Blend) could increase erythrocyte omega-3-index in healthy adult subjects.
Methods
After a 4-week wash out from food supplements and a 4-week run in to harmonize intake of dietary w-3 fatty acids, we conducted a controlled, randomized, open-labelled, parallel-grouped, clinical trial. 80 healthy adults from Austria, Europe, were randomized to four groups: a) control group, just adhering to the habitual diet; b) two capsules/day of the plant-based fatty acid supplement matching 0.5 g of w-3-fatty acids; c) four capsules/day of the plant-based fatty acid supplement matching 1 g of w-3-fatty acids; and d) four capsules of the plant-based fatty acid supplement and 6 capsules/day of a powdered, encapsulated, fruit, berry and vegetable juice concentrate (Juice Plus+® PREMIUM). Blood samples were collected at baseline, after 8 weeks, and after 16 weeks intervention with the food supplement(s).
Results
68 subjects (39.43 ± 12.28 years, 33 female, 35 male) completed the intervention. Baseline data on w-3-index revealed that the average w-3-index of the investigated groups was already higher than expected (mean value: 7.8%). Nevertheless, the intervention with the commercially available and plant-based fatty acid food supplement increased erythrocyte w-3-index significantly in all intervention groups (p < 0.001), after 8 weeks (mean values increased from 7.8% into a range from 10.4% to 11.1%) as well as after 16 weeks (mean values increased from 7.8% into a range from 11.7% to 14.4%). In all intervention groups the w-3-index was also significantly different from control (p < 0.001), after 8 weeks as well as after 16 weeks. No significant differences in w-3-index were detected between intervention groups after 8 and 16 weeks.
Conclusions
These data demonstrate that the intake of only 0.5 g/day of a plant-based w-3 fatty acid food supplement from algae and berry seeds is able to increase the w-3-index of a well-nourished, healthy cohort significantly only after 8 weeks.
Funding Sources
The Juice Plus+® Science Institute received funding by the Juice Plus+® Company for this project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dams
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Otto Loewi Research Center
| | - Daniela Malliga
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Yvonne Jansenberger
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Elke Schwarzenberger
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Otto Loewi Research Center
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Tsiountsioura M, Gregori D, Spirk S, Holasek S, Lamprecht M. Long-term Effects of Two Plant-based Dietary Supplements on Low-grade Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Indicators of Biological Aging (P06-080-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz031.p06-080-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Low- grade inflammation is a pathological feature of a wide range of chronic conditions, including the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases (CVD)1, 2 and the accelerated reduction in bone density3. Previous research shows that diets rich in fruits and vegetables can reduce chronic inflammation4, 5. To date there is no data on multiyear clinical interventions assessing the effect of plant-based dietary supplements on low-grade inflammation, cardiovascular disease prevention and indicators of biological aging.
To assess the long-term effect of two plant based macro- and micronutrient food supplements on low-grade inflammation, cardiovascular disease prevention and indicators of biological ageing in overweight, elderly people.
Methods
This is a 3-arm open labelled, balanced, parallel design, observational study assessing the effectiveness of two different supplements vs control. Ninety overweight and obese volunteers, aged 50–80 years, will be recruited and followed up for the duration of 2 years. Since this is a long term trial and in order to maximize adherence to interventions, we will allow volunteers to choose their preferred treatment and we will implement a propensity score design. More specifically, for each participant an individual score based on certain parameters will be calculated (Table 1) and will be matched with another participant with the same propensity score across the three groups, exerting a ‘post-randomization’ effect. Multiple primary endpoints will be changes in markers of low-grade inflammation, CVD risk and micronutrients status (Table 2). Secondary outcomes will include assessment of Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Quality of Life and Anthropometry. Furthermore, Cognitive Function, Bone quality and Leucocyte Telomere length will be assessed as tertiary outcomes.
Results
n/a
Conclusions
This study will provide data on the effect of long-term, plant-based supplementation on chronic conditions and nutritional status in aging. In addition, the novel study design implemented might counteract the high dropout rate often observed in long term nutritional interventions and might create a new era with regards to study design approach in the field of nutritional science.
Funding Sources
The Juice Plus+ Science Institute received funding by The Juice Plus+® Company for this project.
Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandra Holasek
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Otto Loewi Research Center
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25
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Störchle P, Müller W, Sengeis M, Lackner S, Holasek S, Fürhapter-Rieger A. Measurement of mean subcutaneous fat thickness: eight standardised ultrasound sites compared to 216 randomly selected sites. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16268. [PMID: 30389952 PMCID: PMC6214952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) provides the most accurate technique for thickness measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) layers. This US method was recently standardised using eight sites to capture SAT patterning and allows distinguishing between fat and embedded fibrous structures. These eight sites chosen for fat patterning studies do not represent the mean SAT thickness measured all over the body that is necessary for determining subcutaneous fat mass. This was obtained by SAT measurements at 216 sites distributed randomly all over the body. Ten participants with BMI below 28.5kgm-2 and SAT means (from eight sites) ranging from 3 mm to 10 mm were selected. The means from eight sites overestimated the means obtained from 216 sites (i.e. 2160 US measurements in the ten participants); the calibration factor of 0.65 corrects this; standard deviation (SD) was 0.05, i.e. 8%. The SD of the calibration factor transforms linearly when estimating the error range of the whole body's SAT volume (body surface area times the calibrated mean SAT thickness). The SAT masses ranged from 3.2 to 12.4 kg in this group. The standard deviations resulting from solely the calibration factor uncertainty were ±0.3 and ±1.0 kg, respectively. For these examples, the SAT percentages were 4.9(±0.4)% and 13.3(±1.0)%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Störchle
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Biophysics, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfram Müller
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Biophysics, Graz, Austria.
| | - Marietta Sengeis
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Biophysics, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Graz, Austria
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26
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Bengesser SA, Reininghaus EZ, Dalkner N, Birner A, Hohenberger H, Queissner R, Fellendorf F, Platzer M, Pilz R, Hamm C, Rieger A, Kapfhammer HP, Mangge H, Reininghaus B, Meier-Allard N, Stracke A, Fuchs R, Holasek S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in bipolar disorder? - BiP and CHOP gene expression- and XBP1 splicing analysis in peripheral blood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 95:113-119. [PMID: 29843019 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic Reticulum stress activates the Unfolded Protein Response, which is partially impaired in Bipolar Disorder (BD) according to previous in-vitro studies. Thus, BiP and CHOP gene expression and XBP1 splicing were analyzed in peripheral blood of study participants with BD and controls. METHODS RNA was isolated from fasting blood of study participants with BD (n = 81) and controls (n = 54) and reverse transcribed into cDNA. BiP and CHOP gene expression was analyzed with quantitative RT-PCR. Atypical splicing of XBP1 mRNA was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, gel-electrophoresis and densitometry. ANCOVAs with the covariates age, BMI, sex, lithium and anticonvulsants intake were used with SPSS. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple testing (adjusted p = 0.0083). RESULTS BiP gene expression was significantly higher in BD than in controls (F(1/128) = 10.076, p = 0.002, Partial η2 = 0.073). Total XBP1 (F(1/126) = 9.550, p = 0.002, Partial η2 = 0.070) and unspliced XBP1 (F(1/128)= 8.803, p= 0.004, Patial η2 = 0.065) were significantly decreased in BD. Spliced XBP1 (F(1/126) = 5.848, p = 0.017, Partial η2 = 0.044) and the ratio spliced XBP1/ unspliced XBP1 did not differ between BD and controls (F(1/126) = 0.599, p = 0.441, Partial η2 = 0.005). Gene expression did not differ between euthymia, depression and mania. DISCUSSION BiP gene expression was significantly higher in BD compared to controls. Total and unspliced XBP1 were significantly lower in BD than in the control group. Thus, both genes may be considered as putative trait markers. Nevertheless, XBP1 splicing itself did not differ between both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Hohenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Carlo Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Rieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Kapfhammer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31A, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anika Stracke
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31A, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Fuchs
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31A, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31A, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Mörkl S, Lackner S, Meinitzer A, Gorkiewicz G, Kashofer K, Painold A, Holl A, Holasek S. [Pilot study: Gut microbiome and intestinal barrier in anorexia nervosa]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2018; 87:39-45. [PMID: 30049020 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research has shown changes of the intestinal flora in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. Alpha diversity (AD) represents the number of different bacterial species in the gut. Reduced AD and a leaky gut (zonulin) lead to inflammation and changes in nutrient absorption. METHODS AD was calculated from stool samples of 18 AN patients and 20 normal weight controls (NC) after 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Furthermore, Zonulin as an indicator of gut barrier function and inflammation parameters were investigated. RESULTS AN patients had significantly lower AD compared to NC (number of observed species p=0.042, Chao1 Diversity Index p=0.043). Zonulin was not significantly altered in AN patients compared to NC. There were no significant correlations of serum parameters and AD. DISCUSSION Regardless of gut permeability, AN patients showed significantly decreased AD compared to NC. Decreased AD can have an additional negative impact on calorie intake in AN. These results contribute to a better understanding of the illness and the development of new therapeutic options.
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Kröpfl JM, Tschakert G, Stelzer I, Pekovits K, Zelzer S, Dohr G, Holasek S, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Spengler CM, Hofmann P. Acute Exercise-Induced Circulating Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Cardiac Patients - A Case Series. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 28:e54-e58. [PMID: 29933914 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced circulating haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HPC) number has been discussed in the context of regeneration in heart disease patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to compare the effect of different exercise protocols usually applied in cardiac rehabilitation on the number of acute, exercise-induced HPCs, related to potential mediators, e.g. biomarkers of sympathetic and oxidative stress, and inflammation. METHODS This is a case series comprising seven patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) undertaken at the Center for Ambulant Cardiac Rehabilitation. Patients (n=6) performed two exercise modes (constant-load, CLE; high-intensity interval, HIIE) in randomised order. Venous blood was drawn before and immediately after each test to assess CD34+/CD45+ HPC number by flow cytometry and biomarkers in blood plasma. The primary outcome was the change in HPC number, the secondary outcomes were changes in sympathetic/oxidative stress and markers of inflammation. RESULTS Both exercise modes resulted in a non-significant increase in HPC number after exercise, even when the results of both tests were combined. Overall, free norepinephrine increased significantly and was positively related to exercise-induced HPC number (r=0.70, p<0.05). Markers of sympathetic activation (fNE), oxidative stress (myeloperoxidase) and inflammation (interleukin-6) significantly increased after CLE and HIIE with no difference between tests. CONCLUSIONS Interestingly, acute CLE and HIIE did not stimulate significant HPC mobilisation in CHD, although both exercise modes elevated circulating concentrations of sympathetic activation. Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilisation could be blunted due to disease-related bone-marrow exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kröpfl
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - G Tschakert
- Exercise Physiology and Training Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - I Stelzer
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, LKH Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - K Pekovits
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G Dohr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Holasek
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - T Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C M Spengler
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Hofmann
- Exercise Physiology and Training Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Wang G, Ekeleme-Egedigwe CA, El Hamdouchi A, Sauciuvenaite J, Bissland R, Djafarian K, Ojiambo R, Ramuth H, Holasek S, Lackner S, Diouf A, Hambly C, Vaanholt LM, Cao M, Hacker M, Kruger HS, Seru T, Faries MD, Speakman JR. Beauty and the Body of the Beholder: Raters' BMI Has Only Limited Association with Ratings of Attractiveness of the Opposite Sex. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:522-530. [PMID: 29464908 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assortative mating for adiposity increases the genetic burden on offspring, but its causes remain unclear. One hypothesis is that people who have high adiposity find other people with obesity more physically attractive than lean people. METHODS The attractiveness of sets of images of males and females who varied in adiposity were rated by opposite sex subjects (559 males and 340 females) across 12 countries. RESULTS There was tremendous individual variability in attractiveness ratings. For female attractiveness, most males favored the leanest subjects, but others favored intermediate fatness, some were indifferent to body composition, and others rated the subjects with obesity as most attractive. For male images rated by females, the patterns were more complex. Most females favored subjects with low levels of adiposity (but not the lowest level), whereas others were indifferent to body fatness or rated the images depicting individuals with obesity as the most attractive. These patterns were unrelated to rater BMI. Among Caucasian males who rated the images of the thinnest females as being more attractive, the magnitude of the effect depended on rater BMI, indicating limited "mutual attraction." CONCLUSIONS Individual variations in ratings of physical attractiveness were broadly unrelated to rater BMI and suggest that mutual attraction is an unlikely explanation for assortative mating for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Chima A Ekeleme-Egedigwe
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Ndufu Alike lkwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- National Energy Center of Nuclear Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Joint Research Unit of Nutrition and Food, CNESTEN-Ibn Tofail University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Justina Sauciuvenaite
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ruth Bissland
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert Ojiambo
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Health Science, School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Harris Ramuth
- Biochemistry Department, Central Health Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Adama Diouf
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lobke M Vaanholt
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Minxuan Cao
- Department of Biology, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan Hacker
- Department of Sports Medicine, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA
| | - Herculina S Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Tumelo Seru
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mark D Faries
- Family and Community Health Unit, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Humanities in Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Mörkl S, Lackner S, Müller W, Gorkiewicz G, Kashofer K, Oberascher A, Painold A, Holl A, Holzer P, Meinitzer A, Mangge H, Holasek S. Gut microbiota and body composition in anorexia nervosa inpatients in comparison to athletes, overweight, obese, and normal weight controls. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:1421-1431. [PMID: 29131365 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a heterogeneous eating disorder associated with alterations of body structure and the gut microbiome. We aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition of a large female cohort including different BMI groups and activity levels along with body composition parameters. METHOD 106 female participants were included in this cross-sectional study: AN patients (n = 18), athletes (n = 20), normal weight (n = 26), overweight (n = 22), and obese women (n = 20). DNA was extracted from stool samples and subjected to 16S rRNA gene analysis. The software Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) was used to analyze data. Additionally, we performed anthropometric assessments, ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, bioimpedance analysis, administered depression inventories, and ascertained laboratory parameters and dietary intakes. RESULTS Alpha diversity was particularly lower in AN patients and obese participants compared to other groups, while athletes showed highest alpha diversity. Several categories significantly associated with community structure were identified: body fat parameters, serum lipids, CRP, depression scales and smoking. Comparative analysis revealed Coriobacteriaceae as the only enriched phylotype in AN compared to other entities (LDA score >3.5). DISCUSSION This study provides further evidence of intestinal dysbiosis in AN and sheds light on characteristics of the gut microbiome in different BMI and physical activity groups. These insights point to new modulation possibilities of the gut microbiota which could improve the standard therapy of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfram Müller
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Karl Kashofer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Oberascher
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Annamaria Painold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Holl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Mörkl S, Lackner S, Gorkiewicz G, Kashofer K, Blesl C, Tmava A, Oberascher A, Holasek S. Interplay of Gut Microbiota, Body Mass Index and Depression Scores in Anorexia Nervosa: Preliminary Data. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a lethal psychiatric disease with only narrow treatment possibilities. Recent study results point out, that gut microbiota might be a contributing factor in the development and persistence of AN through effects on the gut-brain-axis.MethodsWe used 16SRNA sequencing to characterize the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of 18 AN patients, 19 normal weight controls and 19 athletes matched by age using stool samples. The QIIME-pipeline was used to assess the sequencing result. All participants completed an activity-questionnaire (IPAQ) and inventories to measure depression (BDI, HAMD).ResultsKruskal-Wallis test identified significant differences in alpha-diversity (Chao-1-estimator [P = 0.013], number of observed species [P = 0.027]) between groups. Spearman-Correlation revealed a significant correlation of number of observed species (r = 0.366, P = 0.006) Chao-1-estimator (r = 0.352, P = 0.008) and BMI (Fig. 1). Furthermore, a higher BMI was related to lower depression scores (r = 0.351, P < 0.001). Although there was a tendency of a negative correlation of BDI-scores and alpha-diversity (r = –0.180, P = 0.059), correlations with depression scores and IPAQ-scores did not reach significance level (Fig. 1).ConclusionsOur preliminary data demonstrate correlations of alpha-diversity and BMI. Further studies are needed to provide further insights in AN gut microbiota and its influence factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Bresciani L, Martini D, Mena P, Tassotti M, Calani L, Brigati G, Brighenti F, Holasek S, Malliga DE, Lamprecht M, Del Rio D. Absorption Profile of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds after Consumption of Three Food Supplements Containing 36 Different Fruits, Vegetables, and Berries. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030194. [PMID: 28245627 PMCID: PMC5372857 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The market of plant-based nutraceuticals and food supplements is continuously growing due to the increased consumer demand. The introduction of new products with relevant nutritional characteristics represents a new way of providing bioactive compounds and (poly)phenols to consumers, becoming a strategy to ideally guarantee the health benefits attributed to plant foodstuffs and allowing the increase of daily bioactive compound intake. A paramount step in the study of nutraceuticals is the evaluation of the bioavailability and metabolism of their putatively active components. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the absorption profile of the (poly)phenolic compounds contained in three different plant-based food supplements, made of 36 different plant matrices, which were consumed by 20 subjects in an open one-arm study design. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 5, and 10 h after capsule intake. Twenty quantifiable metabolites deriving from different (poly)phenolic compounds were identified. Results showed that the consumption of the three capsules allowed the effective absorption of several (poly)phenolic compounds and metabolites appearing at different times in plasma, thereby indicating different absorption profiles. The capsules thus ensured potential health-promoting molecules to be potentially available to target tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Bresciani
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniela Martini
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Pedro Mena
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Michele Tassotti
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Luca Calani
- Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Brigati
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Furio Brighenti
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniela-Eugenia Malliga
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
- Green Beat-Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, 8042 Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
- The Need for Nutrition Education/Innovation Programme (NNEdPro), Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK.
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Störchle P, Müller W, Sengeis M, Ahammer H, Fürhapter-Rieger A, Bachl N, Lackner S, Mörkl S, Holasek S. Standardized Ultrasound Measurement of Subcutaneous Fat Patterning: High Reliability and Accuracy in Groups Ranging from Lean to Obese. Ultrasound Med Biol 2017; 43:427-438. [PMID: 27866704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A recently standardized ultrasound technique for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was applied to normal-weight, overweight and obese persons. Eight measurement sites were used: upper abdomen, lower abdomen, erector spinae, distal triceps, brachioradialis, lateral thigh, front thigh and medial calf. Fat compression was avoided. Fat patterning in 38 participants (body mass index: 18.6-40.3 kgm-2; SAT thickness sums from eight sites: 12-245 mm) was evaluated using a software specifically designed for semi-automatic multiple thickness measurements in SAT (sound speed: 1450 m/s) that also quantifies embedded fibrous structures. With respect to ultrasound intra-observer results, the correlation coefficient ρ = 0.999 (p < 0.01), standard error of the estimate = 1.1 mm and 95% of measurements were within ±2.2 mm. For the normal-weight subgroup, the median measurement deviation was 0.43 mm (1.1% of mean thickness), and for the obese/overweight subgroup it was 0.89 mm (0.5%). The eight sites used here are suggested to represent inter-individual differences in SAT patterning. High measurement accuracy and reliability can be obtained in all groups, from lean to overweight and obese, provided that measurers are trained appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Störchle
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfram Müller
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Marietta Sengeis
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Ahammer
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Norbert Bachl
- Centre of Sports Science, Department of Sports and Physiological Performance, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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