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Grabner GF, Fawzy N, Schreiber R, Pusch LM, Bulfon D, Koefeler H, Eichmann TO, Lass A, Schweiger M, Marsche G, Schoiswohl G, Taschler U, Zimmermann R. Metabolic regulation of the lysosomal cofactor bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:995-1003. [PMID: 32350080 PMCID: PMC7328040 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), also known as lysobisphosphatidic acid, is a phospholipid that promotes lipid sorting in late endosomes/lysosomes by activating lipid hydrolases and lipid transfer proteins. Changes in the cellular BMP content therefore reflect an altered metabolic activity of the endolysosomal system. Surprisingly, little is known about the physiological regulation of BMP. In this study, we investigated the effects of nutritional and metabolic factors on BMP profiles of whole tissues and parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells. Tissue samples were obtained from fed, fasted, 2 h refed, and insulin-treated mice, as well as from mice housed at 5°C, 22°C, or 30°C. These tissues exhibited distinct BMP profiles that were regulated by the nutritional state in a tissue-specific manner. Insulin treatment was not sufficient to mimic refeeding-induced changes in tissue BMP levels, indicating that BMP metabolism is regulated by other hormonal or nutritional factors. Tissue fractionation experiments revealed that fasting drastically elevates BMP levels in hepatocytes and pancreatic cells. Furthermore, we observed that the BMP content in brown adipose tissue strongly depends on housing temperatures. In conclusion, our observations suggest that BMP concentrations adapt to the metabolic state in a tissue- and cell-type-specific manner in mice. Drastic changes observed in hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, and brown adipocytes suggest that BMP plays a role in the functional adaption to nutrient starvation and ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nermeen Fawzy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa M Pusch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Bulfon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Koefeler
- Otto Loewi Research Center, and Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria. mailto:
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2
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Dams S, Holasek S, Tsiountsioura M, Edelsbrunner M, Dietz P, Koefeler H, Malliga DE, Gürbüz A, Meier-Allard N, Poncza B, Lackner S, Schwarzenberger E, Jansenberger Y, Lamprecht M. Effects of a plant-based fatty acid supplement and a powdered fruit, vegetable and berry juice concentrate on omega-3-indices and serum micronutrient concentrations in healthy subjects. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:769-780. [PMID: 32064970 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1725960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The major aim of this controlled, randomised, open-labelled, parallel-grouped, clinical trial was to investigate whether supplementation with different dosages of omega-3 fatty acids (0.5 g/d and 1 g/d) from a plant-based fatty acid supplement affected omega-3-indices (O3I) in well-nourished, healthy people. In addition, the combined ingestion of the plant-based fatty acid supplement, together with an encapsulated fruit, vegetable and berry (FVB) juice powder concentrate, was applied in order to observe the absorption of certain micronutrients and to examine some aspects related to the safe consumption of the products. The data demonstrate that the intake of only 0.5 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids from of a vegan supplement was able to increase the O3I significantly after 8 and 16 weeks. The combined ingestion with the FVB supplement concurrently increased serum concentrations of specific vitamins and carotenoids without effects on hepatic, kidney and thyroid function or changes in blood lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dams
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melina Tsiountsioura
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+® Science Institute, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Martin Edelsbrunner
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Pavel Dietz
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Koefeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, ZMF, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela-Eugenia Malliga
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ayse Gürbüz
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Poncza
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elke Schwarzenberger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yvonne Jansenberger
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+® Science Institute, Memphis, TN, USA.,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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3
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Maliković J, Vuyyuru H, Koefeler H, Smidak R, Höger H, Kalaba P, Hussein AM, Lubec G, Korz V. Moderate differences in common feeding diets change lipid composition in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and affect spatial cognitive flexibility in male rats. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:215-221. [PMID: 31051212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that lipids play a fundamental role in neuronal plasticity and learning and memory. Effects of nutrition on brain lipid composition and neuronal functioning are known, but the feeding interventions are often severe and may not reflect nutritional effects below clinical relevance. Therefore, we tested two commercially available rat feeding diets with only moderate differences in the food compositions, a standard diet (gross energy metabolizable 12.8 MJ/kg) and a energy reduced diet (gross energy metabolizable 8.9 MJ/kg) on possible effects upon dentate gyrus lipid composition, spatial learning and memory in a water maze and corticosterone release (blood serum concentrations) in adult male rats. Rats were fed with the standard diet up to an age of 8 weeks. One group was further fed with the standard and another with the energy reduced diet until an age of 5 months. We did not found differences in serum corticosterone levels. We found group differences in a variety of lipids in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.. Most of the lipid levels were lower in energy reduced diets, namely glycerophosphoethanolamines, sphingomyelins and hexosyceramides, whereas some ceramides (Cer18:0 and Cer24:1) and glycerophosphocholines (PC34:3 and PC36:2) were upregulated compared to the standard diet group. The performance in a common reference memory water maze task was not different between groups, however during reversal learning (platform in a different position) after the initial training, the standard diet fed rats learned better and spatial memory was improved compared to the energy reduced diet group. Thus, moderate differences in feeding diets have effects specifically upon spatial cognitive flexibility. Possible relations between differences in lipid composition and cognitive flexibility are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Maliković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harish Vuyyuru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Koefeler
- Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roman Smidak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Core Unit of Biomedical Research, Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Predrag Kalaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Volker Korz
- Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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4
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Klapper M, Findeis D, Koefeler H, Döring F. Methyl group donors abrogate adaptive responses to dietary restriction in C. elegans. Genes Nutr 2016; 11:4. [PMID: 27482296 PMCID: PMC4959552 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all animals adapt to dietary restriction through alternative life history traits that affect their growth, reproduction, and survival. Economized management of fat stores is a prevalent type of such adaptations. Because one-carbon metabolism is a critical gauge of food availability, in this study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans to test whether the methyl group donor choline regulates adaptive responses to dietary restriction. We used a modest dietary restriction regimen that prolonged the fecund period without reducing the lifetime production of progeny, which is the best measure of fitness. RESULTS We found that dietary supplementation with choline abrogate the dietary restriction-induced prolongation of the reproductive period as well as the accumulation and delayed depletion of large lipid droplets and whole-fat stores and increased the survival rate in the cold. By contrast, the life span-prolonging effect of dietary restriction is not affected by choline. Moreover, we found that dietary restriction led to the enlargement of lipid droplets within embryos and enhancement of the cold tolerance of the progeny of dietarily restricted mothers. Both of these transgenerational responses to maternal dietary restriction were abrogated by exposing the parental generation to choline. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, supplementation with the methyl group donor choline abrogates distinct responses to dietary restriction related to reproduction, utilization of fat stored in large lipid droplets, cold tolerance, and thrifty phenotypes in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Klapper
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Findeis
- Institute of Genetics, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Harald Koefeler
- ZMF—Center for Medical Research, University of Graz, Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Lipidomics and Metabolomics, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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5
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Mueller M, Thorell A, Claudel T, Jha P, Koefeler H, Lackner C, Hoesel B, Fauler G, Stojakovic T, Einarsson C, Marschall HU, Trauner M. Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts farnesoid X receptor-antagonistic effects on bile acid and lipid metabolism in morbid obesity. J Hepatol 2015; 62:1398-404. [PMID: 25617503 PMCID: PMC4451470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Bile acids (BAs) are major regulators of hepatic BA and lipid metabolism but their mechanisms of action in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still poorly understood. Here we aimed to explore the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in modulating the cross-talk between liver and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) regarding BA and cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid/lipid partitioning in morbidly obese NAFLD patients. METHODS In this randomized controlled pharmacodynamic study, we analyzed serum, liver and vWAT samples from 40 well-matched morbidly obese patients receiving UDCA (20 mg/kg/day) or no treatment three weeks prior to bariatric surgery. RESULTS Short term UDCA administration stimulated BA synthesis by reducing circulating fibroblast growth factor 19 and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation, resulting in cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase induction mirrored by elevated C4 and 7α-hydroxycholesterol. Enhanced BA formation depleted hepatic and LDL-cholesterol with subsequent activation of the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Blunted FXR anti-lipogenic effects induced lipogenic stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in the liver, thereby increasing hepatic triglyceride content. In addition, induced SCD activity in vWAT shifted vWAT lipid metabolism towards generation of less toxic and more lipogenic monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that by exerting FXR-antagonistic effects, UDCA treatment in NAFLD patients strongly impacts on cholesterol and BA synthesis and induces neutral lipid accumulation in both liver and vWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Mueller
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anders Thorell
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science at Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pooja Jha
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Koefeler
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bastian Hoesel
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Curt Einarsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Kopf T, Schaefer HL, Troetzmueller M, Koefeler H, Broenstrup M, Konovalova T, Schmitz G. Influence of fenofibrate treatment on triacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and fatty acids in fructose fed rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106849. [PMID: 25198467 PMCID: PMC4157811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate (FF) lowers plasma triglycerides via PPARα activation. Here, we analyzed lipidomic changes upon FF treatment of fructose fed rats. Three groups with 6 animals each were defined as control, fructose-fed and fructose-fed/FF treated. Male Wistar Unilever Rats were subjected to 10% fructose-feeding for 20 days. On day 14, fenofibrate treatment (100 mg/kg p.o.) was initiated and maintained for 7 days. Lipid species in serum were analyzed using mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS; LC-FT-MS, GC-MS) on days 0, 14 and 20 in all three groups. In addition, lipid levels in liver and intestine were determined. Short-chain TAGs increased in serum and liver upon fructose-feeding, while almost all TAG-species decreased under FF treatment. Long-chain unsaturated DAG-levels (36:1, 36:2, 36:4, 38:3, 38:4, 38:5) increased upon FF treatment in rat liver and decreased in rat serum. FAs, especially short-chain FAs (12:0, 14:0, 16:0) increased during fructose-challenge. VLDL secretion increased upon fructose-feeding and together with FA-levels decreased to control levels during FF treatment. Fructose challenge of de novo fatty acid synthesis through fatty acid synthase (FAS) may enhance the release of FAs ≤ 16:0 chain length, a process reversed by FF-mediated PPARα-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kopf
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ludwig Schaefer
- Sanofi-Aventis Germany, R&D DIAB Div./Biomarker & Diagnostics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Harald Koefeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, ZMF, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mark Broenstrup
- Sanofi-Aventis Germany, R&D DIAB Div./Biomarker & Diagnostics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tatiana Konovalova
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Jha P, Knopf A, Koefeler H, Mueller M, Lackner C, Hoefler G, Claudel T, Trauner M. Role of adipose tissue in methionine-choline-deficient model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:959-70. [PMID: 24594481 PMCID: PMC4034162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet is a widely used dietary model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rodents. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to MCD-induced steatosis, and inflammation as features of NASH are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of adipose tissue fatty acid (FA) metabolism, adipogenesis, lipolysis, inflammation and subsequent changes in FA profiles in serum and liver in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. We therefore fed ob/ob mice with control or MCD diet for 5 weeks. MCD-feeding increased adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone sensitive lipase activities in all adipose depots which may be attributed to increased systemic FGF21 levels. The highest lipase enzyme activity was exhibited by visceral WAT. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA)-18:2n6 was the predominantly elevated FA species in serum and liver of MCD-fed ob/ob mice, while overall serum total fatty acid (TFA) composition was reduced. In contrast, an overall increase of all FA species from TFA pool was found in liver, reflecting the combined effects of increased FA flux to liver, decreased FA oxidation and decrease in lipase activity in liver. NAFLD activity score was increased in liver, while WAT showed no changes and BAT showed even reduced inflammation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a key role for adipose tissue lipases in the pathogenesis of NASH and provides a comprehensive lipidomic profiling of NEFA and TFA homeostasis in serum and liver. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights for the role of WAT in progression of MCD-induced liver injury. MCD model of NASH increases lipase activity in WAT as a critical determinant of hepatic FA flux and lipotoxicity. The maximal increase of ATGL and HSL activity is in visceral WAT. Increased lipase activity may be due to enhanced FGF21 signaling. NEFA-18:2n6 is preferentially increased in serum and liver due to lipolysis in WAT. MCD diet enhances the activity of BAT and diminishes its inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jha
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Knopf
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Koefeler
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Mueller
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Halasiddappa LM, Koefeler H, Futerman AH, Hermetter A. Oxidized phospholipids induce ceramide accumulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages: role of ceramide synthases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70002. [PMID: 23936132 PMCID: PMC3729465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), including 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oxovaleroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) are among several biologically active derivatives that are generated during oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). These OxPLs are factors contributing to pro-atherogenic effects of oxidized LDLs (OxLDLs), including inflammation, proliferation and death of vascular cells. OxLDL also elicits formation of the lipid messenger ceramide (Cer) which plays a pivotal role in apoptotic signaling pathways. Here we report that both PGPC and POVPC are cytotoxic to cultured macrophages and induce apoptosis in these cells which is associated with increased cellular ceramide levels after several hours. In addition, exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to POVPC and PGPC under the same conditions resulted in a significant increase in ceramide synthase activity, whereas, acid or neutral sphingomyelinase activities were not affected. PGPC is not only more toxic than POVPC, but also a more potent inducer of ceramide formation by activating a limited subset of CerS isoforms. The stimulated CerS activities are in line with the C16-, C22-, and C24:0-Cer species that are generated under the influence of the OxPL. Fumonisin B1, a specific inhibitor of CerS, suppressed OxPL-induced ceramide generation, demonstrating that OxPL-induced CerS activity in macrophages is responsible for the accumulation of ceramide. OxLDL elicits the same cellular ceramide and CerS effects. Thus, it is concluded that PGPC and POVPC are active components that contribute to the capacity of this lipoprotein to elevate ceramide levels in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingaraju M. Halasiddappa
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harald Koefeler
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Albin Hermetter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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9
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Ivashov VA, Grillitsch K, Koefeler H, Leitner E, Baeumlisberger D, Karas M, Daum G. Lipidome and proteome of lipid droplets from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:282-90. [PMID: 23041514 PMCID: PMC3787741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are the main depot of non-polar lipids in all eukaryotic cells. In the present study we describe isolation and characterization of LD from the industrial yeast Pichia pastoris. We designed and adapted an isolation procedure which allowed us to obtain this subcellular fraction at high purity as judged by quality control using appropriate marker proteins. Components of P. pastoris LD were characterized by conventional biochemical methods of lipid and protein analysis, but also by a lipidome and proteome approach. Our results show several distinct features of LD from P. pastoris especially in comparison to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. P. pastoris LD are characterized by their high preponderance of triacylglycerols over steryl esters in the core of the organelle, the high degree of fatty acid (poly)unsaturation and the high amount of ergosterol precursors. The high phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidylserine of ~ 7.5 ratio on the surface membrane of LD is noteworthy. Proteome analysis revealed equipment of the organelle with a small but typical set of proteins which includes enzymes of sterol biosynthesis, fatty acid activation, phosphatidic acid synthesis and non-polar lipid hydrolysis. These results are the basis for a better understanding of P. pastoris lipid metabolism and lipid storage and may be helpful for manipulating cell biological and/or biotechnological processes in this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl A Ivashov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
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Fuchs CD, Claudel T, Kumari P, Haemmerle G, Pollheimer MJ, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Halilbasic E, Gumhold J, Silbert D, Koefeler H, Trauner M. Absence of adipose triglyceride lipase protects from hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Hepatology 2012; 56:270-80. [PMID: 22271167 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by triglyceride (TG) accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because fatty acids (FAs) may trigger ER stress, we hypothesized that the absence of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL/PNPLA2)-the main enzyme for intracellular lipolysis, releasing FAs, and closest homolog to adiponutrin (PNPLA3) recently implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD-protects against hepatic ER stress. Wild-type (WT) and ATGL knockout (KO) mice were challenged with tunicamycin (TM) to induce ER stress. Serum biochemistry, hepatic TG and FA profiles, liver histology, and gene expression for markers of hepatic lipid metabolism, ER stress, and inflammation were explored. Moreover, cell-culture experiments were performed in Hepa1.6 cells after the knockdown of ATGL before FA and TM treatment. TM increased hepatic TG accumulation in ATGL KO, but not in WT, mice. Lipogenesis and β-oxidation were repressed at the gene-expression level (sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c, fatty acid synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 2, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 alpha) in both WT and ATGL KO mice. Genes for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and apolipoprotein B) were down-regulated by TM in WT and even more in ATGL KO mice, which displayed strongly reduced serum VLDL cholesterol levels. Notably, ER stress markers glucose-regulated protein, C/EBP homolog protein, spliced X-box-binding protein, endoplasmic-reticulum-localized DnaJ homolog 4, and inflammatory markers Tnfα and iNos were induced exclusively in TM-treated WT, but not ATGL KO, mice. Total hepatic FA profiling revealed a higher palmitic acid/oleic acid (PA/OA) ratio in WT mice, compared to ATGL KO mice, at baseline. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor-known to be involved in FA-derived ER stress and blocked by OA-was increased in TM-treated WT mice only. In line with this, in vitro OA protected hepatocytes from TM-induced ER stress. CONCLUSIONS Lack of ATGL may protect from hepatic ER stress through alterations in FA composition. ATGL could constitute a new therapeutic strategy to target ER stress in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Fuchs
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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11
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Aflaki E, Doddapattar P, Radović B, Povoden S, Kolb D, Vujić N, Wegscheider M, Koefeler H, Hornemann T, Graier WF, Malli R, Madeo F, Kratky D. C16 ceramide is crucial for triacylglycerol-induced apoptosis in macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e280. [PMID: 22419109 PMCID: PMC3317349 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation caused by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) deficiency or very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) loading of wild-type (Wt) macrophages results in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. This phenotype is correlated to depletion of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an event known to induce the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we show that ER stress in TG-rich macrophages activates the UPR, resulting in increased abundance of the chaperone GRP78/BiP, the induction of pancreatic ER kinase-like ER kinase, phosphorylation and activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A, the translocation of activating transcription factor (ATF)4 and ATF6 to the nucleus and the induction of the cell death executor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein. C16:0 ceramide concentrations were increased in Atgl-/- and VLDL-loaded Wt macrophages. Overexpression of ceramide synthases was sufficient to induce mitochondrial apoptosis in Wt macrophages. In accordance, inhibition of ceramide synthases in Atgl-/- macrophages by fumonisin B1 (FB1) resulted in specific inhibition of C16:0 ceramide, whereas intracellular TG concentrations remained high. Although the UPR was still activated in Atgl-/- macrophages, FB1 treatment rescued Atgl-/- macrophages from mitochondrial dysfunction and programmed cell death. We conclude that C16:0 ceramide elicits apoptosis in Atgl-/- macrophages by activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aflaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
- National Human Genome Research Institute/NIH Molecular Neurogenetics Section, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Doddapattar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - B Radović
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - S Povoden
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - D Kolb
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - N Vujić
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - M Wegscheider
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - H Koefeler
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - T Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W F Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - R Malli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - F Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - D Kratky
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
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12
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Holzer M, Gauster M, Pfeifer T, Wadsack C, Fauler G, Stiegler P, Koefeler H, Beubler E, Schuligoi R, Heinemann A, Marsche G. Protein carbamylation renders high-density lipoprotein dysfunctional. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2337-46. [PMID: 21235354 PMCID: PMC3380531 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbamylation of proteins through reactive cyanate has been demonstrated to predict an increased cardiovascular risk. Cyanate is formed in vivo by breakdown of urea and at sites of inflammation by the phagocyte protein myeloperoxidase. Because myeloperoxidase (MPO) associates with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in human atherosclerotic intima, we examined in the present study whether cyanate specifically targets HDL. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that protein carbamylation is a major posttranslational modification of HDL. The carbamyllysine content of lesion-derived HDL was more than 20-fold higher in comparison with 3-chlorotyrosine levels, a specific oxidation product of MPO. Notably, the carbamyllysine content of lesion-derived HDL was five- to eightfold higher when compared with lesion-derived low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or total lesion protein and increased with lesion severity. The carbamyllysine content of HDL, but not of LDL, correlated with levels of 3-chlorotyrosine, suggesting that MPO mediated carbamylation in the vessel wall. Remarkably, one carbamyllysine residue per HDL-associated apolipoprotein A-I was sufficient to induce cholesterol accumulation and lipid-droplet formation in macrophages through a pathway requiring the HDL-receptor scavenger receptor class B, type I. The present results raise the possibility that HDL carbamylation contributes to foam cell formation in atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holzer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, Graz, Austria
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13
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Singh TP, Huettner B, Koefeler H, Mayer G, Bambach I, Wallbrecht K, Schön MP, Wolf P. Platelet-activating factor blockade inhibits the T-helper type 17 cell pathway and suppresses psoriasis-like skin disease in K5.hTGF-β1 transgenic mice. Am J Pathol 2011; 178:699-708. [PMID: 21281802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent biolipid mediator, is involved in a variety of cellular transduction pathways and plays a prominent role in inducing inflammation in different organs. We used K5.hTGF-β1 transgenic mice, which exhibit an inflammatory skin disorder and molecular and cytokine abnormalities with strong similarities to human psoriasis, to study the pathogenic role of PAF. We found that injecting PAF into the skin of transgenic mice led to inflammation and accelerated manifestation of the psoriatic phenotype by a local effect. In contrast, injecting mice with PAF receptor antagonist PCA-4248 lowered the PAF level (most likely by depressing an autocrine loop) and neutrophil, CD68(+) cell (monocyte/macrophage), and CD3(+) T-cell accumulation in the skin and blocked progression of the psoriasis-like phenotype. This effect of PAF blockade was specific and similar to that of psoralen-UV-A and was paralleled by a decrease in abnormally elevated mRNA and/or protein levels of T-helper type 17 cell-related cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23, IL-12A, and IL-6 and its transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. In contrast, PCA-4248 treatment up-regulated mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-10 in dorsal skin and release of IL-10 in serum and skin. Interfering with PAF may offer the opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory psoriasis and associated comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, in which the IL-17 axis may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Pratap Singh
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Hrzenjak A, Koefeler H, Desoye G, Heinemann A, Frank S. Endothelial lipase (EL) and EL-generated lysophosphatidylcholines promote IL-8 expression in endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2010; 214:338-44. [PMID: 21130993 PMCID: PMC3034026 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously we identified palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC 16:0), as well as linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl- and oleoyl-LPC (LPC 18:2, 20:4 and 18:1) as the most prominent LPC species generated by the action of endothelial lipase (EL) on high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In the present study, the impact of EL and EL-generated LPC on interleukin-8 (IL-8) synthesis was examined in vitro in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the catalytically active EL, but not its inactive mutant, increased endothelial synthesis of IL-8 mRNA and protein in a time- and HDL-concentration-dependent manner. While LPC 18:2 was inactive, LPC 16:0, 18:1 and 20:4 promoted IL-8 mRNA- and protein-synthesis, differing in potencies and kinetics. The effects of all tested LPC on IL-8 synthesis were completely abrogated by addition of BSA and chelation of intracellular Ca(2+). Underlying signaling pathways also included NFkB, p38-MAPK, ERK, PKC and PKA. In mice, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of EL caused an elevation in the plasma levels of MIP-2 (murine IL-8 analogue) accompanied by a markedly increased plasma LPC/PC ratio. Intravenously injected LPC also raised MIP-2 plasma concentration, however to a lesser extent than EL overexpression. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that EL and EL-generated LPC, except of LPC 18:2, promote endothelial IL-8 synthesis, with different efficacy and kinetics, related to acyl-chain length and degree of saturation. Accordingly, due to its capacity to modulate the availability of the pro-inflammatory and pro-adhesive chemokine IL-8, EL should be considered an important player in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Harrachgasse 21/III, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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15
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Buchebner M, Pfeifer T, Rathke N, Chandak PG, Lass A, Schreiber R, Kratzer A, Zimmermann R, Sattler W, Koefeler H, Fröhlich E, Kostner GM, Birner-Gruenberger R, Chiang KP, Haemmerle G, Zechner R, Levak-Frank S, Cravatt B, Kratky D. Cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity is abolished in HSL-/- macrophages but unchanged in macrophages lacking KIAA1363. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:2896-908. [PMID: 20625037 PMCID: PMC2936755 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m004259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in macrophages represents a crucial event during foam cell formation, a hallmark of atherogenesis. Here we investigated the role of two previously described CE hydrolases, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and KIAA1363, in macrophage CE hydrolysis. HSL and KIAA1363 exhibited marked differences in their abilities to hydrolyze CE, triacylglycerol (TG), diacylglycerol (DG), and 2-acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether (AcMAGE), a precursor for biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF). HSL efficiently cleaved all four substrates, whereas KIAA1363 hydrolyzed only AcMAGE. This contradicts previous studies suggesting that KIAA1363 is a neutral CE hydrolase. Macrophages of KIAA1363−/− and wild-type mice exhibited identical neutral CE hydrolase activity, which was almost abolished in tissues and macrophages of HSL−/− mice. Conversely, AcMAGE hydrolase activity was diminished in macrophages and some tissues of KIAA1363−/− but unchanged in HSL−/− mice. CE turnover was unaffected in macrophages lacking KIAA1363 and HSL, whereas cAMP-dependent cholesterol efflux was influenced by HSL but not by KIAA1363. Despite decreased CE hydrolase activities, HSL−/− macrophages exhibited CE accumulation similar to wild-type (WT) macrophages. We conclude that additional enzymes must exist that cooperate with HSL to regulate CE levels in macrophages. KIAA1363 affects AcMAGE hydrolase activity but is of minor importance as a direct CE hydrolase in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Buchebner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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