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Orsini EM, Roychowdhury S, Gangadhariah M, Cross E, Abraham S, Reinhardt A, Grund ME, Zhou JY, Stuehr O, Pant B, Olman MA, Vachharajani V, Scheraga RG. TRPV4 Regulates the Macrophage Metabolic Response to Limit Sepsis-induced Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38346220 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0456oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that requires effective macrophage metabolic functions to resolve ongoing inflammation. Previous work showed that the mechanosensitive cation channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), mediates macrophage phagocytosis and cytokine production in response to lung infection. Here, we show that TRPV4 regulates glycolysis in a stiffness dependent manner by augmenting macrophage glucose uptake by GLUT1. In addition, TRPV4 is required for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced phagolysosome maturation in a GLUT1-dependent manner. In a cecal slurry mouse model of sepsis, TRPV4 regulates sepsis-induced glycolysis as measured by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) lactate and sepsis-induced lung injury as measured by BALF total protein and lung compliance. TRPV4 is necessary for bacterial clearance in the peritoneum to limit sepsis-induced lung injury. Interestingly, BALF lactate is increased in septic patients compared with healthy controls, supporting the relevance of lung cell glycolysis to human sepsis. These data show that macrophage TRPV4 is required for glucose uptake through GLUT1 for effective phagolysosome maturation to limit sepsis-induced lung injury. Our work presents TRPV4 as a potential target to protect the lung from injury in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Orsini
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 2569, Respiratory Institute, Department of Critical Care, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Mahesha Gangadhariah
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Emily Cross
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Susamma Abraham
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Amanda Reinhardt
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Megan E Grund
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Julie Y Zhou
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Olivia Stuehr
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Bishnu Pant
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Mitchell A Olman
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Respiratory Institute, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Respiratory Institute, Department of Critical Care and Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Rachel G Scheraga
- Cleveland Clinic, 2569, Respiratory Institute, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland, Ohio, United States;
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Roychowdhury S, Pant B, Cross E, Scheraga R, Vachharajani V. Effect of Ethanol-exposure on Innate Immune Response in Sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2023:qiad156. [PMID: 38066660 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder, reported by one in eight critically ill patients, is a risk factor for death in sepsis patients. Sepsis, the leading cause of death kills over 270,000 patients in the United States alone and remains without targeted therapy. Immune response in sepsis transitions from an early hyper-inflammation to persistent inflammation and immunosuppression and multiple organ dysfunction during late sepsis. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogen invasion. Ethanol exposure is known to impair innate and adaptive immune response and bacterial clearance in sepsis patients. Specifically, ethanol-exposure is known to modulate every aspect of innate immune response with and without sepsis. Multiple molecular mechanisms are implicated in causing dysregulated immune response in ethanol-exposure with sepsis, but targeted treatments have remained elusive. In this manuscript, we outline the effects of ethanol-exposure on various innate immune cell types in general and during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute
| | - Bishnu Pant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute
| | - Emily Cross
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute
| | - Rachel Scheraga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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3
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Korshunov A, Hu H, Subires D, Jiang Y, Călugăru D, Feng X, Rajapitamahuni A, Yi C, Roychowdhury S, Vergniory MG, Strempfer J, Shekhar C, Vescovo E, Chernyshov D, Said AH, Bosak A, Felser C, Bernevig BA, Blanco-Canosa S. Softening of a flat phonon mode in the kagome ScV 6Sn 6. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6646. [PMID: 37863907 PMCID: PMC10589229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Geometrically frustrated kagome lattices are raising as novel platforms to engineer correlated topological electron flat bands that are prominent to electronic instabilities. Here, we demonstrate a phonon softening at the kz = π plane in ScV6Sn6. The low energy longitudinal phonon collapses at ~98 K and q = [Formula: see text] due to the electron-phonon interaction, without the emergence of long-range charge order which sets in at a different propagation vector qCDW = [Formula: see text]. Theoretical calculations corroborate the experimental finding to indicate that the leading instability is located at [Formula: see text] of a rather flat mode. We relate the phonon renormalization to the orbital-resolved susceptibility of the trigonal Sn atoms and explain the approximately flat phonon dispersion. Our data report the first example of the collapse of a kagome bosonic mode and promote the 166 compounds of kagomes as primary candidates to explore correlated flat phonon-topological flat electron physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Korshunov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP 220, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - H Hu
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - D Subires
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Y Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - D Călugăru
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - X Feng
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Rajapitamahuni
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - C Yi
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Roychowdhury
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - M G Vergniory
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Strempfer
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - C Shekhar
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Vescovo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - D Chernyshov
- Swiss-Norwegian BeamLines at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - A H Said
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - A Bosak
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP 220, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - C Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - B Andrei Bernevig
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - S Blanco-Canosa
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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4
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Mishra S, Welch N, Karthikeyan M, Bellar A, Musich R, Singh SS, Zhang D, Sekar J, Attaway A, Chelluboyina AK, Lorkowski SW, Roychowdhury S, Li L, Willard B, Smith JD, Hoppel C, Vachharajani V, Kumar A, Dasarathy S. Dysregulated cellular redox status during hyperammonemia causes mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence by inhibiting sirtuin-mediated deacetylation. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13852. [PMID: 37101412 PMCID: PMC10352558 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbed metabolism of ammonia, an endogenous cytotoxin, causes mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced NAD+ /NADH (redox) ratio, and postmitotic senescence. Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent deacetylases that delay senescence. In multiomics analyses, NAD metabolism and sirtuin pathways are enriched during hyperammonemia. Consistently, NAD+ -dependent Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) expression and deacetylase activity were decreased, and protein acetylation was increased in human and murine skeletal muscle/myotubes. Global acetylomics and subcellular fractions from myotubes showed hyperammonemia-induced hyperacetylation of cellular signaling and mitochondrial proteins. We dissected the mechanisms and consequences of hyperammonemia-induced NAD metabolism by complementary genetic and chemical approaches. Hyperammonemia inhibited electron transport chain components, specifically complex I that oxidizes NADH to NAD+ , that resulted in lower redox ratio. Ammonia also caused mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction, lower mitochondrial NAD+ -sensor Sirt3, protein hyperacetylation, and postmitotic senescence. Mitochondrial-targeted Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase (MitoLbNOX), but not NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside, reversed ammonia-induced oxidative dysfunction, electron transport chain supercomplex disassembly, lower ATP and NAD+ content, protein hyperacetylation, Sirt3 dysfunction and postmitotic senescence in myotubes. Even though Sirt3 overexpression reversed ammonia-induced hyperacetylation, lower redox status or mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction were not reversed. These data show that acetylation is a consequence of, but is not the mechanism of, lower redox status or oxidative dysfunction during hyperammonemia. Targeting NADH oxidation is a potential approach to reverse and potentially prevent ammonia-induced postmitotic senescence in skeletal muscle. Since dysregulated ammonia metabolism occurs with aging, and NAD+ biosynthesis is reduced in sarcopenia, our studies provide a biochemical basis for cellular senescence and have relevance in multiple tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Departments of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Manikandan Karthikeyan
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ryan Musich
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Shashi Shekhar Singh
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics coreLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jinendiran Sekar
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Amy H. Attaway
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Departments of Pulmonary MedicineCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Aruna Kumar Chelluboyina
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Shuhui Wang Lorkowski
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ling Li
- Proteomics and Metabolomics coreLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics coreLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jonathan D. Smith
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Charles L. Hoppel
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Departments of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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5
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Sumi MP, Tupta B, Roychowdhury S, Comhair S, Asosingh K, Stuehr DJ, Erzurum SC, Ghosh A. Hemoglobin resident in the lung epithelium is protective for smooth muscle soluble guanylate cyclase function. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102717. [PMID: 37120930 PMCID: PMC10172757 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) present in the lung epithelium is of unknown significance. However Hb being an nitric oxide (NO) scavenger can bind to NO and reduce its deleterious effects. Hence we postulated an NO scavenging role for this lung Hb. Doing transwell co-culture with bronchial epithelial cells, A549/16-HBE (apical) and human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs as basal), we found that Hb can protect the smooth muscle soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) from excess NO. Inducing the apical A549/16-HBE cells with cytokines to trigger iNOS expression and NO generation caused a time dependent increase in SNO-sGC and this was accompanied with a concomitant drop in sGC-α1β1 heterodimerization. Silencing Hbαβ in the apical cells further increased the SNO on sGC with a faster drop in the sGC heterodimer and these effects were additive along with further silencing of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1). Since heme of Hb is critical for NO scavenging we determined the Hb heme in a mouse model of allergic asthma (OVA) and found that Hb in the inflammed OVA lungs was low in heme or heme-free relative to those of naïve lungs. Further we established a direct correlation between the status of the sGC heterodimer and the Hb heme from lung samples of human asthma, iPAH, COPD and cystic fibrosis. These findings present a new mechanism of protection of lung sGC by the epithelial Hb, and suggests that this protection maybe lost in asthma or COPD where lung Hb is unable to scavenge the NO due to it being heme-deprived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta P Sumi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Blair Tupta
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Suzy Comhair
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Kibler C, Cross E, Abraham S, Bellar A, Nagy LE, Scheraga RG, Vachharajani V. SIRT2-PFKP interaction dysregulates phagocytosis in macrophages with acute ethanol-exposure. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1079962. [PMID: 36865524 PMCID: PMC9972587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse, reported by 1/8th critically ill patients, is an independent risk factor for death in sepsis. Sepsis kills over 270,000 patients/year in the US. We reported that the ethanol-exposure suppresses innate-immune response, pathogen clearance, and decreases survival in sepsis-mice via sirtuin 2 (SIRT2). SIRT2 is an NAD+-dependent histone-deacetylase with anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that in ethanol-exposed macrophages, SIRT2 suppresses phagocytosis and pathogen clearance by regulating glycolysis. Immune cells use glycolysis to fuel increased metabolic and energy demand of phagocytosis. Using ethanol-exposed mouse bone marrow- and human blood monocyte-derived macrophages, we found that SIRT2 mutes glycolysis via deacetylating key glycolysis regulating enzyme phosphofructokinase-platelet isoform (PFKP), at mouse lysine 394 (mK394, human: hK395). Acetylation of PFKP at mK394 (hK395) is crucial for PFKP function as a glycolysis regulating enzyme. The PFKP also facilitates phosphorylation and activation of autophagy related protein 4B (Atg4B). Atg4B activates microtubule associated protein 1 light chain-3B (LC3). LC3 is a driver of a subset of phagocytosis, the LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), which is crucial for segregation and enhanced clearance of pathogens, in sepsis. We found that in ethanol-exposed cells, the SIRT2-PFKP interaction leads to decreased Atg4B-phosphorylation, decreased LC3 activation, repressed phagocytosis and LAP. Genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 reverse PFKP-deacetylation, suppressed LC3-activation and phagocytosis including LAP, in ethanol-exposed macrophages to improve bacterial clearance and survival in ethanol with sepsis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Kibler
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily Cross
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Susamma Abraham
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Annett Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rachel Greenberg Scheraga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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7
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Miyata T, Wu X, Fan X, Huang E, Sanz-Garcia C, Ross CKCD, Roychowdhury S, Bellar A, McMullen MR, Dasarathy J, Allende DS, Caballeria J, Sancho-Bru P, McClain CJ, Mitchell M, McCullough AJ, Radaeva S, Barton B, Szabo G, Dasarathy S, Nagy LE. Differential role of MLKL in alcohol-associated and non-alcohol-associated fatty liver diseases in mice and humans. JCI Insight 2022; 7:167011. [PMID: 36477363 PMCID: PMC9750495 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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8
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Murugesan K, Necchi A, Burn TC, Gjoerup O, Greenstein R, Krook M, López JA, Montesion M, Nimeiri H, Parikh AR, Roychowdhury S, Schwemmers S, Silverman IM, Vogel A. Pan-tumor landscape of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-4 genomic alterations. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100641. [PMID: 36462464 PMCID: PMC9832751 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1-4 genomic alterations are in development or have been approved for FGFR-altered cancers (e.g. bladder cancer and advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma). Understanding FGFR inhibitor-resistance mechanisms is increasingly relevant; we surveyed the pan-tumor landscape of FGFR1-4 genomic alterations [short variants (SVs), gene rearrangements (REs), and copy number alterations (CNAs)], including their association with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the genomic comutational landscape. PATIENTS AND METHODS Comprehensive genomic profiling of 355 813 solid tumor clinical cases was performed using the FoundationOne and FoundationOne CDx assays (Foundation Medicine, Inc.) to identify genomic alterations in >300 cancer-associated genes and TMB (determined on ≤1.1 megabases of sequenced DNA). RESULTS FGFR1-4 SVs and REs occurred in 9603/355 813 (2.7%), and CNAs in 15 078/355 813 (4.2%) samples. Most common FGFR alterations for bladder cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and glioma were FGFR3 SVs (1051/7739, 13.6%), FGFR2 REs (618/6641, 9.3%), and FGFR1 SVs (239/11 550, 2.1%), respectively. We found several, potentially clinically relevant, tumor-specific associations between FGFR1-4 genomic alterations and other genomic markers. FGFR3 SV-altered bladder cancers and FGFR1 SV-altered gliomas were significantly less likely to be TMB-high versus unaltered samples. FGFR3 SVs in bladder cancer significantly co-occurred with TERT and CDKN2A/B alterations; TP53 and RB1 alterations were mutually exclusive. In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, FGFR2 REs significantly co-occurred with BAP1 alterations, whereas KRAS, TP53, IDH1, and ARID1A alterations were mutually exclusive. FGFR1 SVs in gliomas significantly co-occurred with H3-3A and PTPN11 alterations, but were mutually exclusive with TERT, EGFR, TP53, and CDKN2A/B alterations. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our hypothesis-generating findings may help to stratify patients in clinical trials and guide optimal targeted therapy in those with FGFR alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Murugesan
- Cancer Genomics Research, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - A Necchi
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan; Genitourinary Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - T C Burn
- Translational and Data Sciences, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington
| | - O Gjoerup
- Scientific and Medical Publications, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - R Greenstein
- Cancer Genomics Research, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - M Krook
- Research Scientist, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - J A López
- Integrated Healthcare Solutions, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Montesion
- Cancer Genomics Research, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - H Nimeiri
- Global Clinical Development Lead Oncology, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - A R Parikh
- Oncology (Medical/Hematology), Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - S Schwemmers
- Integrated HealthCare Solutions PDMA (Oncology), F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I M Silverman
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington
| | - A Vogel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Creeden JF, Kipp ZA, Xu M, Flight RM, Moseley HNB, Martinez GJ, Lee W, Alganem K, Imami AS, McMullen MR, Roychowdhury S, Nawabi AM, Hipp JA, Softic S, Weinman SA, McCullumsmith R, Nagy LE, Hinds TD. Hepatic kinome atlas: An in-depth identification of kinase pathways in liver fibrosis of humans and rodents. Hepatology 2022; 76:1376-1388. [PMID: 35313030 PMCID: PMC9489820 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Resolution of pathways that converge to induce deleterious effects in hepatic diseases, such as in the later stages, have potential antifibrotic effects that may improve outcomes. We aimed to explore whether humans and rodents display similar fibrotic signaling networks. APPROACH AND RESULTS We assiduously mapped kinase pathways using 340 substrate targets, upstream bioinformatic analysis of kinase pathways, and over 2000 random sampling iterations using the PamGene PamStation kinome microarray chip technology. Using this technology, we characterized a large number of kinases with altered activity in liver fibrosis of both species. Gene expression and immunostaining analyses validated many of these kinases as bona fide signaling events. Surprisingly, the insulin receptor emerged as a considerable protein tyrosine kinase that is hyperactive in fibrotic liver disease in humans and rodents. Discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase, activated by collagen that increases during fibrosis, was another hyperactive protein tyrosine kinase in humans and rodents with fibrosis. The serine/threonine kinases found to be the most active in fibrosis were dystrophy type 1 protein kinase and members of the protein kinase family of kinases. We compared the fibrotic events over four models: humans with cirrhosis and three murine models with differing levels of fibrosis, including two models of fatty liver disease with emerging fibrosis. The data demonstrate a high concordance between human and rodent hepatic kinome signaling that focalizes, as shown by our network analysis of detrimental pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish a comprehensive kinase atlas for liver fibrosis, which identifies analogous signaling events conserved among humans and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F. Creeden
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Zachary A. Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Robert M. Flight
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Resource Center for Stable Isotope Resolved MetabolomicsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Hunter N. B. Moseley
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Resource Center for Stable Isotope Resolved MetabolomicsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Institute for Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Clinical and Translational ScienceUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Genesee J. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Wang‐Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Ali S. Imami
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Atta M. Nawabi
- Division of Transplant and HepatobiliaryDepartment of SurgeryThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | | | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Robert McCullumsmith
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
- Neurosciences InstituteProMedicaToledoOhioUSA
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCenter for Liver Disease ResearchCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes CenterUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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10
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Necchi A, Murugesan K, Burn T, Gjoerup O, Greenstein R, López J, Montesion M, Nimeiri H, Parikh A, Roychowdhury S, Schwemmers S, Silverman I, Vogel A. 100P Co-mutational landscape of key fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alterations in intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), bladder cancer (BC) and glioma. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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11
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Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Vachharajani V. Sirtuins and Sepsis: Cross Talk between Redox and Epigenetic Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010003. [PMID: 35052507 PMCID: PMC8772830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients in the US. The immune response in sepsis transitions from a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant hyper-inflammation to an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective hypo-inflammatory phase. While 1/3rd sepsis-related deaths occur during hyper-, a vast majority of sepsis-mortality occurs during the hypo-inflammation. Hyper-inflammation is cytotoxic for the immune cells and cannot be sustained. As a compensatory mechanism, the immune cells transition from cytotoxic hyper-inflammation to a cytoprotective hypo-inflammation with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive phase. However, the hypo-inflammation is associated with an inability to clear invading pathogens, leaving the host susceptible to secondary infections. Thus, the maladaptive immune response leads to a marked departure from homeostasis during sepsis-phases. The transition from hyper- to hypo-inflammation occurs via epigenetic programming. Sirtuins, a highly conserved family of histone deacetylators and guardians of homeostasis, are integral to the epigenetic programming in sepsis. Through their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, the sirtuins modulate the immune response in sepsis. We review the role of sirtuins in orchestrating the interplay between the oxidative stress and epigenetic programming during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Catenacci D, Liao CY, Maron S, Solomon B, Mahipal A, Johnson M, Carbone D, Henick B, Johnson B, Roychowdhury S, Mody K, Ahn D, Bournazou E, Schenk D, Kounlavouth S, Kraemer L, Talbot G, Rousseau R, Ferguson A, Spira A. 960MO Clinical outcomes and immune responses in a phase I/II study of personalized, neoantigen-directed immunotherapy in patients with advanced MSS-CRC, GEA and NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Wu X, Poulsen KL, Sanz-Garcia C, Huang E, McMullen MR, Roychowdhury S, Dasarathy S, Nagy LE. Erratum to: "MLKL-dependent signaling regulates autophagic flux in a murine model of non-alcoholic-associated fatty liver and steatohepatitis (J Hepatol 2020; 73: 616-627)". J Hepatol 2021; 74:1002. [PMID: 33526291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Carlos Sanz-Garcia
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily Huang
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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14
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Roychowdhury S, Gandhirajan A, Kibler C, Wang X, Vachharajani V. Sirtuin 2 Dysregulates Autophagy in High-Fat-Exposed Immune-Tolerant Macrophages. Cells 2021; 10:731. [PMID: 33810233 PMCID: PMC8066127 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases morbidity and resource utilization in sepsis patients. The immune response in sepsis transitions from an endotoxin-responsive hyper- to an endotoxin-tolerant hypo-inflammatory phase. The majority of sepsis mortality occurs during hypo-inflammation. We reported prolonged hypo-inflammation with increased sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) expression in obese-septic mice. The effect of direct exposure to high-fat/free fatty acid (FFA) and the role of SIRT2 in immune cells during the transition to hypo-inflammation is not well-understood. Autophagy, a degradation process of damaged protein/organelles, is dysregulated during sepsis. Here, we investigated the effect of direct FFA exposure and the role of SIRT2 expression on autophagy as macrophages transition from hyper-to hypo-inflammation. We found, FFA-exposed RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation undergo endotoxin-sensitive ("sensitive") hyper- followed by endotoxin tolerant ("tolerant") hypo-inflammatory phases; SIRT2 expression increases significantly in tolerant cells. Autophagy proteins LC3b-II, and beclin-1 increase in FFA-sensitive and decrease in tolerant cells; p62 expressions continue to accumulate in tolerant cells. We observed that SIRT2 directly deacetylates α-tubulin and impairs autophagy clearance. Importantly, we find SIRT2 inhibitor AK-7 treatment during endotoxin tolerant phase reverses autophagy dysregulation with improved autophagy clearance in FFA-tolerant cells. Thus, we report impaired autophagosome formation and autophagy clearance via increased SIRT2 expression in FFA-exposed tolerant macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.R.); (A.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.R.); (A.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Christopher Kibler
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.R.); (A.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.R.); (A.G.); (C.K.)
- Department of Critical Care, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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15
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Miyata T, Wu X, Fan X, Huang E, Sanz-Garcia C, Ross CKCD, Roychowdhury S, Bellar A, McMullen MR, Dasarathy J, Allende DS, Caballeria J, Sancho-Bru P, McClain CJ, Mitchell M, McCullough AJ, Radaeva S, Barton B, Szabo G, Dasarathy S, Nagy LE. Differential role of MLKL in alcohol-associated and non-alcohol-associated fatty liver diseases in mice and humans. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140180. [PMID: 33616081 PMCID: PMC7934930 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular death contributes to progression of alcohol-associated (ALD-associated) and non-alcohol-associated (NAFL/NASH) liver diseases. However, receptor-interaction protein kinase 3 (RIP3), an intermediate in necroptotic cell death, contributes to injury in murine models of ALD but not NAFL/NASH. We show here that a differential role for mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), the downstream effector of RIP3, in murine models of ALD versus NAFL/NASH and that RIP1-RIP3-MLKL can be used as biomarkers to distinguish alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) from NASH. Phospho-MLKL was higher in livers of patients with NASH compared with AH or healthy controls (HCs). MLKL expression, phosphorylation, oligomerization, and translocation to plasma membrane were induced in WT mice fed diets high in fat, fructose, and cholesterol but not in response to Gao-binge (acute on chronic) ethanol exposure. Mlkl-/- mice were not protected from ethanol-induced hepatocellular injury, which was associated with increased expression of chemokines and neutrophil recruitment. Circulating concentrations of RIP1 and RIP3, but not MLKL, distinguished patients with AH from HCs or patients with NASH. Taken together, these data indicate that MLKL is differentially activated in ALD/AH compared with NAFL/NASH in both murine models and patients. Furthermore, plasma RIP1 and RIP3 may be promising biomarkers for distinguishing AH and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Miyata
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiude Fan
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carlos Sanz-Garcia
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Annette Bellar
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaividhya Dasarathy
- Department of Family Medicine, Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Joan Caballeria
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mack Mitchell
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Arthur J. McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Svetlana Radaeva
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce Barton
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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16
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Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Kibler C, Bauer SR, Nagy LE, Vachharajani V. Ethanol Exposure Attenuates Immune Response in Sepsis via Sirtuin 2 Expression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:338-350. [PMID: 33368409 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and septic shock kill over 270,000 patients per year in the United States. Sepsis transitions from a hyper-inflammatory to a hypo-inflammatory phase. Alcohol dependence is a risk factor for mortality from sepsis. Ethanol (EtOH) exposure impairs pathogen clearance through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) interferes with pathogen clearance in immune cells but its role in the effects of EtOH on sepsis is unknown. We studied the effect of EtOH exposure on hyper- and hypo-inflammation and the role of SIRT2 in mice. METHODS We exposed C57Bl/6 (WT) mice to EtOH via drinking water and used intraperitoneal cecal slurry (CS)-induced sepsis to study: (i) 7-day survival, (ii) leukocyte adhesion (LA) in the mesenteric microcirculation during hyper- and hypo-inflammation, (iii) peritoneal cavity bacterial clearance, and (iv) SIRT2 expression in peritoneal macrophages. Using EtOH-exposed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 (RAW) cell macrophages for 4 hours or 24 hours, we studied: (i) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and SIRT2 expression, and (ii) the effect of the SIRT2 inhibitor AK-7 on inflammatory response at 24 hours. Lastly, we studied the effect of EtOH on sepsis in whole body Sirt2 knockout (SIRT2KO) mice during hyper- and hypo-inflammation, bacterial clearance, and 7-day survival. RESULTS WT EtOH-sepsis mice showed: (i) Decreased survival, (ii) Muted LA in the microcirculation, (iii) Lower plasma TNF-α and IL-6 expression, (iv) Decreased bacterial clearance, and (v) Increased SIRT2 expression in peritoneal macrophages versus vehicle-sepsis. EtOH-exposed LPS-stimulated RAW cells showed: (i) Muted TNF-α, IL-6, and increased IL-10 expression at 4 hours, (ii) endotoxin tolerance at 24 hours, and (iii) reversal of endotoxin tolerance with the SIRT2 inhibitor AK-7. EtOH-exposed SIRT2KO-sepsis mice showed greater 7-day survival, LA, and bacterial clearance than WT EtOH-sepsis mice. CONCLUSION EtOH exposure decreases survival and reduces the inflammatory response to sepsis via increased SIRT2 expression. SIRT2 is a potential therapeutic target in EtOH with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Kibler
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Seth R Bauer
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Critical Care, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Wu X, Poulsen KL, Sanz-Garcia C, Huang E, McMullen MR, Roychowdhury S, Dasarathy S, Nagy LE. MLKL-dependent signaling regulates autophagic flux in a murine model of non-alcohol-associated fatty liver and steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2020; 73:616-627. [PMID: 32220583 PMCID: PMC7438259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis and plays a critical role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis. The pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is a key downstream effector of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) in the necroptotic pathway of programmed cell death. However, recent data reveal that MLKL also regulates autophagy. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that MLKL contributes to the progression of Western diet-induced liver injury in mice by regulating autophagy. METHODS Rip3+/+, Rip3-/-, Mlkl+/+ and Mlkl-/- mice were fed a Western diet (FFC diet, high in fat, fructose and cholesterol) or chow for 12 weeks. AML12 and primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to palmitic acid (PA). RESULTS The FFC diet increased expression, phosphorylation and oligomerization of MLKL in the liver. Mlkl, but not Rip3, deficiency protected mice from FFC diet-induced liver injury. The FFC diet also induced accumulation of p62 and LC3-II, as well as markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, in Mlkl+/+ but not Mlkl-/- mice. Mlkl deficiency in mice also prevented the inhibition of autophagy by a protease inhibitor, leupeptin. Using an mRFP-GFP-LC3 reporter in cultured hepatocytes revealed that PA blocked the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. PA triggered MLKL expression and translocation, first to autophagosomes and then to the plasma membrane, independently of Rip3. Mlkl, but not Rip3, deficiency prevented inhibition of autophagy in PA-treated hepatocytes. Overexpression of Mlkl blocked autophagy independently of PA. Additionally, pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy induced MLKL expression and translocation to the plasma membrane in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate that MLKL-dependent, but RIP3-independent, signaling contributes to FFC diet-induced liver injury by inhibiting autophagy. LAY SUMMARY Autophagy is a regulated process that maintains cellular homeostasis. Impaired autophagy contributes to cell injury and death, thus playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including non-alcohol-associated fatty liver and steatohepatitis. Herein, we show that Mlkl-dependent, but Rip3-independent, signaling contributed to diet-induced liver injury and inflammatory responses by inhibiting autophagy. These data identify a novel co-regulatory mechanism between necroptotic and autophagic signaling pathways in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kyle L. Poulsen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Carlos Sanz-Garcia
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily Huang
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,Corresponding author. Address: Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute/NE40 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195. Tel.: 216-444-4021; Fax: 216-636-1493. (L.E. Nagy)
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Abou-Alfa G, Borbath I, Cohn A, Goyal L, Lamarca A, Macarulla T, Oh DY, Roychowdhury S, Sadeghi S, Shroff R, Howland M, Li A, Cho T, Pande A, Javle M. 1014TiP PROOF: A multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III trial of infigratinib vs gemcitabine + cisplatin in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 gene rearrangements. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Abou-Alfa G, Borbath I, Cohn A, Goyal L, Lamarca A, Macarulla T, Oh D, Roychowdhury S, Sadeghi S, Shroff R, Howland M, Li A, Cho T, Pande A, Javle M. P-144 Infigratinib versus gemcitabine plus cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 gene fusions/translocations: phase 3 PROOF trial. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Sanz‐Garcia C, McMullen MR, Chattopadhyay S, Roychowdhury S, Sen G, Nagy LE. Nontranscriptional Activity of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Protects Mice From High-Fat Diet-Induced Liver Injury. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1626-1641. [PMID: 31832571 PMCID: PMC6887899 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) has both transcriptional and nontranscriptional functions. Transcriptional activity is dependent on serine phosphorylation of IRF3, while transcription-independent IRF3-mediated apoptosis requires ubiquitination. IRF3 also binds to inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase (IKKβ) in the cytosol, restricting nuclear translocation of p65. IRF3-deficient mice are highly sensitive to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver injury; however, it is not known if transcriptional and/or nontranscriptional activity of IRF3 confers protection. Using a mouse model only expressing nontranscriptional functions of IRF3 (Irf3 S1/S1), we tested the hypothesis that nontranscriptional activity of IRF3 protects mice from HFD-induced liver injury. C57BL/6, Irf3 -/-, and Irf3 S1/S1 mice were fed an HFD for 12 weeks. In C57BL/6 mice, the HFD increased expression of interferon (IFN)-dependent genes, despite a decrease in IRF3 protein in the liver. The HFD had no impact on IFN-dependent gene expression Irf3 -/- or Irf3 S1/S1 mice, both lacking IRF3 transcriptional activity. Liver injury, apoptosis, and fibrosis were exacerbated in Irf3 -/- compared to C57BL/6 mice following the HFD; this increase was ameliorated in Irf3 S1/S1 mice. Similarly, expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as numbers of neutrophils and infiltrating monocytes was increased in Irf3 -/- mice compared to C57BL/6 and Irf3 S1/S1 mice. While the HFD increased the ubiquitination of IRF3, a response associated with IRF3-mediated apoptosis, in Irf3 S1/S1 mice, protection from liver injury was not due to differences in apoptosis of hepatocytes or immune cells. Instead, protection from HFD-induced liver injury in Irf3 S1/S1 mice was primarily associated with retardation of nuclear translocation of p65 and decreased expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-dependent inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Taken together, these data identify important contributions of the nontranscriptional function of IRF3, likely by reducing NFκB signaling, in dampening the hepatic inflammatory environment in response to an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanz‐Garcia
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Molecular MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Ganes Sen
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Molecular MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Molecular MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
- Gastroenterology and HepatologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
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21
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Roychowdhury S, Glueck B, Han Y, Mohammad MA, Cresci GAM. A Designer Synbiotic Attenuates Chronic-Binge Ethanol-Induced Gut-Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E97. [PMID: 30621265 PMCID: PMC6357124 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis and altered short-chain fatty acids are associated with ethanol-induced liver injury. SCFA are fermentation byproducts of the gut microbiota known to have many beneficial biological effects. We tested if a designer synbiotic could protect against ethanol-induced gut-liver injury. C57BL/6 female mice were exposed to chronic-binge ethanol feeding consisting of ethanol (5% vol/vol) for 10 days, followed by a single gavage (5 g/kg body weight) 6 h before euthanasia. A group of mice also received oral supplementation daily with a designer synbiotic, and another group received fecal slurry (FS); control animals received saline. Control mice were isocalorically substituted maltose dextran for ethanol over the entire exposure period. Ethanol exposure reduced expression of tight junction proteins in the proximal colon and induced hepatocyte injury and steatosis. Synbiotic supplementation not only mitigated losses in tight junction protein expression, but also prevented ethanol-induced steatosis and hepatocyte injury. Ethanol exposure also increased hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, which was also attenuated by synbiotic supplementation. Mice receiving FS were not protected from ethanol-induced liver injury or steatosis. Results were associated with luminal SCFA levels and SCFA transporter expression in the proximal colon and liver. These results indicate supplementation with a designer synbiotic is effective in attenuating chronic-binge ethanol-induced gut-liver injury and steatosis in mice, and highlight the beneficial effects of the gut microbial fermentation byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Bryan Glueck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Yingchun Han
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Mahmoud Ali Mohammad
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
- Center for Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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22
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Javle M, Kelley R, Roychowdhury S, Weiss K, Abou-Alfa G, Macarulla T, Sadeghi S, Waldschmidt D, Zhu A, Goyal L, Borad M, Yong W, Borbath I, El-Khoueiry A, Philip P, Moran S, Ye Y, Ising M, Lewis N, Bekaii-Saab T. Updated results from a phase II study of infigratinib (BGJ398), a selective pan-FGFR kinase inhibitor, in patients with previously treated advanced cholangiocarcinoma containing FGFR2 fusions. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy424.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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23
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McCullough RL, McMullen MR, Sheehan MM, Poulsen KL, Roychowdhury S, Chiang DJ, Pritchard MT, Caballeria J, Nagy LE. Complement Factor D protects mice from ethanol-induced inflammation and liver injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G66-G79. [PMID: 29597356 PMCID: PMC6109707 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00334.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Complement plays a crucial role in microbial defense and clearance of apoptotic cells. Emerging evidence suggests complement is an important contributor to alcoholic liver disease. While complement component 1, Q subcomponent (C1q)-dependent complement activation contributes to ethanol-induced liver injury, the role of the alternative pathway in ethanol-induced injury is unknown. Activation of complement via the classical and alternative pathways was detected in alcoholic hepatitis patients. Female C57BL/6J [wild type (WT)], C1q-deficient ( C1qa-/-, lacking classical pathway activation), complement protein 4-deficient ( C4-/-, lacking classical and lectin pathway activation), complement factor D-deficient ( FD-/-, lacking alternative pathway activation), and C1qa/FD-/- (lacking classical and alternative pathway activation) mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or pair-fed control diet for 4 or 25 days. Following chronic ethanol exposure, liver injury, steatosis, and proinflammatory cytokine expression were increased in WT but not C1qa-/-, C4-/-, or C1qa/FD-/- mice. In contrast, liver injury, steatosis, and proinflammatory mediators were robustly increased in ethanol-fed FD-/- mice compared with WT mice. Complement activation, assessed by hepatic accumulation of C1q and complement protein 3 (C3) cleavage products (C3b/iC3b/C3c), was evident in livers of WT mice in response to both short-term and chronic ethanol. While C1q accumulated in ethanol-fed FD-/- mice (short term and chronic), C3 cleavage products were detected after short-term but not chronic ethanol. Consistent with impaired complement activation, chronic ethanol induced the accumulation of apoptotic cells and fibrogenic responses in the liver of FD-/- mice. These data highlight the protective role of complement factor D (FD) and suggest that FD-dependent amplification of complement is an adaptive response that promotes hepatic healing and recovery in response to chronic ethanol. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Complement, a component of the innate immune system, is an important pathophysiological contributor to ethanol-induced liver injury. We have identified a novel role for factor D, a component of the alternative pathway, in protecting the liver from ethanol-induced inflammation, accumulation of apoptotic hepatocytes, and profibrotic responses. These data indicate a dual role of complement with regard to inflammatory and protective responses and suggest that accumulation of apoptotic cells impairs hepatic healing/recovery during alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan M Sheehan
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dian J Chiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Swedish Medical Group , Seattle, Washington
| | - Michele T Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Juan Caballeria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi iSunyer, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
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24
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Roychowdhury S, Selvakumar PC, Cresci GAM. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E47. [PMID: 29874807 PMCID: PMC6024579 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, with prevalence increasing in parallel with the rising incidence in obesity. Believed to be a "multiple-hit" disease, several factors contribute to NAFLD initiation and progression. Of these, the gut microbiome is gaining interest as a significant factor in NAFLD prevalence. In this paper, we provide an in-depth review of the progression of NAFLD, discussing the mechanistic modes of hepatocyte injury and the potential role for manipulation of the gut microbiome as a therapeutic strategy in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, M17, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | | | - Gail A M Cresci
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, M17, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, M17, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
- Director for Nutrition Research Center for Human Nutrition, M17, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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25
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Roychowdhury S, Cadnum J, Glueck B, Obrenovich M, Donskey C, Cresci GAM. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and a Prebiotic Protect Intestinal Health in a Mouse Model of Antibiotic and Clostridium difficile Exposure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:1156-1167. [PMID: 29385239 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile (CD) infection (CDI) increases patient morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Antibiotic treatment induces gut dysbiosis and is both a major risk factor for CD colonization and treatment of CDI. Probiotics have been trialed to support commensal gut microbiota and reduce CDI. This study investigated commensal microbe Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FP) and a prebiotic, both known to yield butyrate and be anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, on CD colonization and gut integrity in mice. METHODS Mice were randomly grouped and supplemented daily with FP, prebiotic, FP + prebiotic, FP/prebiotic supernatant, or saline throughout the entire study. Following treatment with clindamycin for 3 days, mice were exposed to CD. Feces were collected at baseline, the day after antibiotic, and 1, 3, and 5 days after CD exposure and cultured for bacterial overgrowth and CD colonization. On days 1 and 5 after CD exposure, mice were randomly euthanized, and proximal colon was dissected for histological analysis and preparation of RNA for analysis of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Although all mice exhibited bacterial overgrowth and CD colonization, bacterial burden resolved quicker in the FP + prebiotic group. This was associated with induction and resolution of innate immune responses, anion exchanger, and tight junction protein preservation in proximal colon. CD toxin virulence potential was questionable as expression of CD toxin B receptor was depleted in the FP + prebiotic group. CONCLUSION Supplementation with anti-inflammatory butyrate-supporting commensal bacteria and prebiotic may support innate immune responses and minimize bacterial burden and negative effects during antibiotic and CD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Cadnum
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan Glueck
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Obrenovich
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Curtis Donskey
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Institute, Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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26
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Saikia P, Roychowdhury S, Bellos D, Pollard KA, McMullen MR, McCullough RL, McCullough AJ, Gholam P, de la Motte C, Nagy LE. Hyaluronic acid 35 normalizes TLR4 signaling in Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats via regulation of microRNA291b and its target Tollip. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15671. [PMID: 29142263 PMCID: PMC5688113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR4 signaling in hepatic macrophages is increased after chronic ethanol feeding. Treatment of hepatic macrophages after chronic ethanol feeding with small-specific sized hyaluronic acid 35 (HA35) normalizes TLR4 signaling; however, the mechanisms for HA35 action are not completely understood. Here we used Next Generation Sequencing of microRNAs to identify negative regulators of TLR4 signaling reciprocally modulated by ethanol and HA35 in hepatic macrophages. Eleven microRNAs were up-regulated by ethanol; only 4 microRNAs, including miR291b, were decreased by HA35. Bioinformatics analysis identified Tollip, a negative regulator of TLR4, as a target of miR291b. Tollip expression was decreased in hepatic macrophages from ethanol-fed rats, but treatment with HA35 or transfection with a miR291b hairpin inhibitor restored Tollip expression and normalized TLR4-stimulated TNFα expression. In peripheral blood monocytes isolated from patients with alcoholic hepatitis, expression of TNFα mRNA was robustly increased in response to challenge with lipopolysaccharide. Importantly, pre-treatment with HA35 reduced TNFα expression by more than 50%. Taken together, we have identified miR291b as a critical miRNA up-regulated by ethanol. Normalization of the miR291b → Tollip pathway by HA35 ameliorated ethanol-induced sensitization of TLR4 signaling in macrophages/monocytes, suggesting that HA35 may be a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramananda Saikia
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Damien Bellos
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katherine A Pollard
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arthur J McCullough
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pierre Gholam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carol de la Motte
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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27
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Zhou H, Yu M, Roychowdhury S, Sanz-Garcia C, Pollard KA, McMullen MR, Liu X, Li X, Nagy LE. Myeloid-MyD88 Contributes to Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice Linking Hepatocellular Death to Inflammation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:719-726. [PMID: 28165624 PMCID: PMC5391031 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is critical for ethanol (EtOH)-induced liver injury. TLR4 signaling is mediated by 2 proximal adaptor molecules: myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) and TLR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF). Studies utilizing global knockouts of MyD88 and TRIF identified a predominant role for TRIF signaling in the progression of EtOH-induced liver injury. In contrast, IL-1 receptor, which signals solely via the MyD88 pathway, is also known to mediate EtOH-induced liver injury. We postulated that a cell-specific role for MyD88 in myeloid cells might explain these apparently discrepant roles of MyD88. Here we made use of myeloid-specific MyD88-deficient (MyD88LysM-KO ) mice generated by crossing LysM-CRE mice with MyD88fl/fl mice to test this hypothesis. METHODS MyD88LysM-KO and littermate controls were fed a Lieber-DeCarli EtOH-containing diet or pair-fed control diets for 25 days. RESULTS Littermate control, but not MyD88LysM-KO , mice developed early stages of EtOH-induced liver injury including elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase and increased hepatic triglycerides. Lobular inflammation and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines was increased in control but not MyD88LysM-KO . Further, EtOH-induced inflammasome activation, indicated by the presence of cleaved caspase-1 and mature IL-1β protein, was also ameliorated in livers of MyD88LysM-KO mice. In contrast, chronic EtOH-induced apoptosis, assessed via TUNEL staining, was independent of myeloid-MyD88 expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data demonstrate a cell-specific role for MyD88 in the development of chronic EtOH-induced liver injury. While MyD88LysM-KO still exhibited hepatocellular apoptosis in response to chronic EtOH, the absence of MyD88 on myeloid cells prevented the development of hepatic steatosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Minja Yu
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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28
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Wegner SA, Pollard KA, Kharazia V, Darevsky D, Perez L, Roychowdhury S, Xu A, Ron D, Nagy LE, Hopf FW. Limited Excessive Voluntary Alcohol Drinking Leads to Liver Dysfunction in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:345-358. [PMID: 28103636 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver damage is a serious and sometimes fatal consequence of long-term alcohol intake, which progresses from early-stage fatty liver (steatosis) to later-stage steatohepatitis with inflammation and fibrosis/necrosis. However, very little is known about earlier stages of liver disruption that may occur in problem drinkers, those who drink excessively but are not dependent on alcohol. METHODS We examined how repeated binge-like alcohol drinking in C57BL/6 mice altered liver function, as compared with a single binge-intake session and with repeated moderate alcohol consumption. We measured a number of markers associated with early- and later-stage liver disruption, including liver steatosis, measures of liver cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), alcohol metabolism, expression of cytokine mRNA, accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) as an indicator of oxidative stress, and alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase as a measure of hepatocyte injury. RESULTS Importantly, repeated binge-like alcohol drinking increased triglyceride levels in the liver and plasma, and increased lipid droplets in the liver, indicators of steatosis. In contrast, a single binge-intake session or repeated moderate alcohol consumption did not alter triglyceride levels. In addition, alcohol exposure can increase rates of alcohol metabolism through CYP2E1 and ADH, which can potentially increase oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. Intermittent, excessive alcohol intake increased liver CYP2E1 mRNA, protein, and activity, as well as ADH mRNA and activity. Furthermore, repeated, binge-like drinking, but not a single binge or moderate drinking, increased alcohol metabolism. Finally, repeated, excessive intake transiently elevated mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1B and 4-HNE levels, but did not alter markers of later-stage liver hepatocyte injury. CONCLUSIONS Together, we provide data suggesting that even relatively limited binge-like alcohol drinking can lead to disruptions in liver function, which might facilitate the transition to more severe forms of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wegner
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Katherine A Pollard
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Viktor Kharazia
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David Darevsky
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Luz Perez
- Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Allison Xu
- Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Frederic Woodward Hopf
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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29
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Zhou H, Yu M, Zhao J, Martin BN, Roychowdhury S, McMullen MR, Wang E, Fox PL, Yamasaki S, Nagy LE, Li X. IRAKM-Mincle axis links cell death to inflammation: Pathophysiological implications for chronic alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2016; 64:1978-1993. [PMID: 27628766 PMCID: PMC5115953 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in hepatic macrophages and injury to hepatocytes are major contributors to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. However, the mechanisms by which TLR-dependent inflammatory responses and alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage coordinately lead to alcoholic liver disease are not completely understood. In this study, we found that mice deficient in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAKM), a proximal TLR pathway molecule typically associated with inhibition of TLR signaling, were actually protected from chronic ethanol-induced liver injury. In bone marrow-derived macrophages challenged with low concentrations of LPS, which reflect the relevant pathophysiological levels of LPS in both alcoholic patients and ethanol-fed mice, the IRAKM Myddosome was preferentially formed. Further, the IRAKM Myddosome mediated the up-regulation of Mincle, a sensor for cell death. Mincle-deficient mice were also protected from ethanol-induced liver injury. The endogenous Mincle ligand spliceosome-associated protein 130 (SAP130) is a danger signal released by damaged cells; culture of hepatocytes with ethanol increased the release of SAP130. Ex vivo studies in bone marrow-derived macrophages suggested that SAP130 and LPS synergistically activated inflammatory responses, including inflammasome activation. CONCLUSION This study reveals a novel IRAKM-Mincle axis that contributes to the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury. (Hepatology 2016;64:1978-1993).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Minjia Yu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bradley N. Martin
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Wang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul L. Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashiku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Roychowdhury S, McCullough RL, Sanz-Garcia C, Saikia P, Alkhouri N, Matloob A, Pollard K, McMullen MR, Croniger CM, Nagy LE. Receptor interacting protein 3 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2016; 64:1518-1533. [PMID: 27301788 PMCID: PMC5074889 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple pathways of programmed cell death are important in liver homeostasis. Hepatocyte death is associated with progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and inhibition of apoptosis partially protects against liver injury in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the contribution of necroptosis, a caspase-independent pathway of cell death, to HFD-induced liver injury is not known. Wild-type C57BL/6 and receptor interacting protein (RIP) 3-/- mice were randomized to chow or HFD. HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice increased expression of RIP3, the master regulator of necroptosis, as well as phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like, an effector of necroptotic cell death, in liver. HFD did not increase phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like in RIP3-/- mice. HFD increased fasting insulin and glucose, as well as glucose intolerance, in C57BL/6 mice. RIP3-/- mice were glucose-intolerant even on the chow diet; HFD further increased fasting glucose and insulin but not glucose intolerance. HFD also increased hepatic steatosis, plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatocellular apoptosis in wild-type mice; these responses were exacerbated in RIP3-/- mice. Importantly, increased inflammation and injury were associated with early indicators of fibrosis in RIP3-/- compared to C57BL/6 mice. Culture of AML12 hepatocytes with palmitic acid increased cytotoxicity through apoptosis and necrosis. Inhibition of RIP1 with necrostatin-1 or small interfering RNA knockdown of RIP3 reduced palmitic acid-induced cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Absence of RIP3, a key mediator of necroptosis, exacerbated HFD-induced liver injury, associated with increased inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis, as well as early fibrotic responses; these findings indicate that shifts in the mode of hepatocellular death can influence disease progression and have therapeutic implications because manipulation of hepatocyte cell death pathways is being considered as a target for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (Hepatology 2016;64:1518-1533).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rebecca L. McCullough
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carlos Sanz-Garcia
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paramananda Saikia
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Naim Alkhouri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ammar Matloob
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katherine Pollard
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Laura E. Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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McCullough RL, Saikia P, Pollard KA, McMullen MR, Nagy LE, Roychowdhury S. Myeloid Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 Contributes to Chronic Ethanol-Induced Inflammation and Hepatocyte Injury in Mice. Gene Expr 2016; 17:61-77. [PMID: 27302422 PMCID: PMC8751240 DOI: 10.3727/105221616x691730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory activity of hepatic macrophages plays a key role during progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Since mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3)-dependent phosphorylation of JNK is involved in the activation of macrophages, we tested the hypothesis that myeloid MLK3 contributes to chronic ethanol-induced inflammatory responses in liver, leading to hepatocyte injury and cell death. Primary cultures of Kupffer cells, as well in vivo chronic ethanol feeding, were used to interrogate the role of MLK3 in the progression of liver injury. Phosphorylation of MLK3 was increased in primary cultures of Kupffer cells isolated from ethanol-fed rats compared to cells from pair-fed rats. Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats were more sensitive to LPS-stimulated cytokine production; this sensitization was normalized by pharmacological inhibition of MLK3. Chronic ethanol feeding to mice increased MLK3 phosphorylation robustly in F4/80(+) Kupffer cells, as well as in isolated nonparenchymal cells. MLK3(-/-) mice were protected from chronic ethanol-induced phosphorylation of MLK3 and JNK, as well as multiple indicators of liver injury, including increased ALT/AST, inflammatory cytokines, and induction of RIP3. However, ethanol-induced steatosis and hepatocyte apoptosis were not affected by MLK3. Finally, chimeric mice lacking MLK3 only in myeloid cells were also protected from chronic ethanol-induced phosphorylation of JNK, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and increased ALT/AST. MLK3 expression in myeloid cells contributes to phosphorylation of JNK, increased cytokine production, and hepatocyte injury in response to chronic ethanol. Our data suggest that myeloid MLK3 could be targeted for developing potential therapeutic strategies to suppress liver injury in ALD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. McCullough
- *Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paramananda Saikia
- *Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katherine A. Pollard
- *Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- *Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- *Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- †Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- ‡Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- *Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- ‡Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Smathers RL, Chiang DJ, McMullen MR, Feldstein AE, Roychowdhury S, Nagy LE. Soluble IgM links apoptosis to complement activation in early alcoholic liver disease in mice. Mol Immunol 2016; 72:9-18. [PMID: 26922040 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol feeding in mice activates complement via C1q binding to apoptotic cells in the liver; complement contributes to ethanol-induced inflammation and injury. Despite the critical role of C1q in ethanol-induced injury, the mechanism by which ethanol activates C1q remains poorly understood. Secretory IgM (sIgM), traditionally considered to act as an anti-microbial, also has critical housekeeping functions, facilitating clearance of apoptotic cells, at least in part through activation of C1q. Therefore, we hypothesized that (1) ethanol-induced apoptosis in the liver recruits sIgM, facilitating the activation of C1q and complement and (2) C1INH (C1 esterase inhibitor), which inhibits C1 functional activity, prevents complement activation and decreases ethanol-induced liver injury. METHODS Female C57BL/6 wild-type, C1qa(-/-), BID(-/-) and sIgM(-/-) mice were fed ethanol containing liquid diets or pair-fed control diets. C1INH or vehicle was given via tail vein injection to ethanol- or pair-fed wild-type mice at 24 and 48h prior to euthanasia. RESULTS Ethanol exposure increased apoptosis in the liver, as well as the accumulation of IgM in the liver. In the early stages of ethanol feeding, C1q co-localized with IgM in the peri-sinusoidal space of the liver and accumulation of IgM and C3b was dependent on ethanol-induced BID-dependent apoptosis. sIgM(-/-) mice were protected from both ethanol-induced activation of complement and early ethanol-induced liver injury when compared to wild-type mice. Treatment with C1INH also decreased hepatic C3b deposition and ethanol-induced injury. CONCLUSION These data indicate that sIgM contributes to activation of complement and ethanol-induced increases in inflammatory cytokine expression and hepatocyte injury in the early stages of ethanol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Smathers
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, United States
| | - Dian J Chiang
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, United States; Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, United States
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, United States
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, United States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, United States; Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Barnes MA, McMullen MR, Roychowdhury S, Madhun NZ, Niese K, Olman MA, Stavitsky AB, Bucala R, Nagy LE. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is required for recruitment of scar-associated macrophages during liver fibrosis. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:161-9. [PMID: 25398607 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0614-280r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of peripheral monocytes to the liver is a key contributor to the response to injury. MIF can act as a chemokine and cytokine, regulating innate immune responses in many tissues and cell types. We hypothesized that MIF contributes to the progression of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by regulating recruitment of SAM. SAMs dynamically regulate HSC activation and ECM degradation. To gain insight into the role of MIF in progression of liver fibrosis, we investigated markers of fibrosis and immune responses after chronic CCl4 administration to female C57BL/6 and MIF(-/-) mice. Chronic CCl4 exposure increased activation of HSC in WT mice, indicated by increased expression of αSMA mRNA and protein, as well as mRNA for collagen 1α1; these responses were blunted in female MIF(-/-) mice. Despite lower activation of HSC in MIF(-/-) mice, accumulation of ECM was similar in WT and MIF(-/-)mice, suggesting a decreased rate of ECM degradation. Recruitment of SAMs was lower in MIF(-/-) mice compared with WT mice, both in their initial inflammatory phenotype, as well as in the later phase as proresolution macrophages. The decreased presence of resolution macrophages was associated with lower expression of MMP13 in MIF(-/-) mice. Taken together, these data indicate that MIF-dependent recruitment of SAMs contributes to degradation of ECM via MMP13, highlighting the importance of appropriate recruitment and phenotypic profile of macrophages in the resolution of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Barnes
- Departments of *Molecular Medicine and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Departments of *Molecular Medicine and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Departments of *Molecular Medicine and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nabil Z Madhun
- Departments of *Molecular Medicine and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathryn Niese
- Departments of *Molecular Medicine and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mitchell A Olman
- Departments of *Molecular Medicine and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Abram B Stavitsky
- Departments of *Molecular Medicine and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Departments of *Molecular Medicine and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Departments of *Molecular Medicine and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Barnes MA, Roychowdhury S, Nagy LE. Innate immunity and cell death in alcoholic liver disease: role of cytochrome P4502E1. Redox Biol 2014; 2:929-35. [PMID: 25180169 PMCID: PMC4143810 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol-induced liver injury is a complex process dependent upon the interaction of multiple cell types in the liver, as well as activation of the innate immune response. Increased expression of CYP2E1 in response to high concentrations of ethanol leads to greater production of cytotoxic ethanol metabolites, which in turn contribute to production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and ultimately, cell death. Necroptotic hepatocyte cell death in response to ethanol is mediated via a CYP2E1-dependent expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), a key component of the necroptosome. In response to alarmins released during ethanol-induced necroptosis, the innate immune response is activated. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory multikine involved in many disease processes, is an essential component to this response to injury. MIF expression is increased during ethanol exposure via a CYP2E1-dependent pathway, likely contributing to an exacerbated innate immune response and chronic inflammation after chronic ethanol. This review will discuss the complex interactions between CYP2E1-dependent expression of RIP3 and MIF in the pathophysiology of chronic ethanol-induced liver injury. Alcohol induces hepatocellular death via both apoptosis and necroptosis. Receptor interacting kinase 3 (RIP3) mediates necroptotic cell death. Alcohol-induced injury activates innate immune responses, including MIF. Interactions between innate immunity and cell death with ethanol are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Barnes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States ; Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States ; Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States ; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Roychowdhury S, Chiang DJ, McMullen MR, Nagy LE. Moderate, chronic ethanol feeding exacerbates carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis via hepatocyte-specific hypoxia inducible factor 1α. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00061. [PMID: 25089199 PMCID: PMC4115456 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-sensing transcriptional factor HIF1α is implicated in a variety of hepato-pathological conditions; however, the contribution of hepatocyte-derived HIF1α during progression of alcoholic liver injury is still controversial. HIF1α induces a variety of genes including those involved in apoptosis via p53 activation. Increased hepatocyte apoptosis is critical for progression of liver inflammation, stellate cell activation, and fibrosis. Using hepatocyte-specific HIF1α-deficient mice (ΔHepHIF1α−/−), here we investigated the contribution of HIF1α to ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and its role in amplification of fibrosis after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure. Moderate ethanol feeding (11% of kcal) induced accumulation of hypoxia-sensitive pimonidazole adducts and HIF1α expression in the liver within 4 days of ethanol feeding. Chronic CCl4 treatment increased M30-positive cells, a marker of hepatocyte apoptosis in pair-fed control mice. Concomitant ethanol feeding (11% of kcal) amplified CCl4-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in livers of wild-type mice, associated with elevated p53K386 acetylation, PUMA expression, and Ly6c+ cell infiltration. Subsequent to increased apoptosis, ethanol-enhanced induction of profibrotic markers, including stellate cell activation, collagen 1 expression, and extracellular matrix deposition following CCl4 exposure. Ethanol-induced exacerbation of hepatocyte apoptosis, p53K386 acetylation, and PUMA expression following CCl4 exposure was attenuated in livers of ΔHepHIF1α−/− mice. This protection was also associated with a reduction in Ly6c+ cell infiltration and decreased fibrosis in livers of ΔHepHIF1α−/− mice. In summary, these results indicate that moderate ethanol exposure leads to hypoxia/HIF1α-mediated signaling in hepatocytes and induction of p53-dependent apoptosis of hepatocytes, resulting in increased hepatic fibrosis during chronic CCl4 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dian J Chiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio ; Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Yu M, Zhou H, Zhao J, Xiao N, Roychowdhury S, Schmitt D, Hu B, Ransohoff RM, Harding CV, Hise AG, Hazen SL, DeFranco AL, Fox PL, Morton RE, Dicorleto PE, Febbraio M, Nagy LE, Smith JD, Wang JA, Li X. MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:887-907. [PMID: 24752299 PMCID: PMC4010914 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MyD88-dependent GM-CSF production by endothelial cells plays a role in the initiation of obesity-associated inflammation by promoting adipose macrophage recruitment and M1-like polarization. Low-grade systemic inflammation is often associated with metabolic syndrome, which plays a critical role in the development of the obesity-associated inflammatory diseases, including insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Here, we investigate how Toll-like receptor–MyD88 signaling in myeloid and endothelial cells coordinately participates in the initiation and progression of high fat diet–induced systemic inflammation and metabolic inflammatory diseases. MyD88 deficiency in myeloid cells inhibits macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue and their switch to an M1-like phenotype. This is accompanied by substantially reduced diet-induced systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. MyD88 deficiency in endothelial cells results in a moderate reduction in diet-induced adipose macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization, selective insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, and amelioration of spontaneous atherosclerosis. Both in vivo and ex vivo studies suggest that MyD88-dependent GM-CSF production from the endothelial cells might play a critical role in the initiation of obesity-associated inflammation and development of atherosclerosis by priming the monocytes in the adipose and arterial tissues to differentiate into M1-like inflammatory macrophages. Collectively, these results implicate a critical MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Yu
- Department of Immunology, 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 3 Department of Pathobiology, 4 Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Hillian AD, McMullen MR, Sebastian BM, Roychowdhury S, Kashyap SR, Schauer PR, Kirwan JP, Feldstein AE, Nagy LE. Mice lacking C1q are protected from high fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a113.465674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Chunduri A, Roychowdhury S. Elderly population demographics in acute kidney injury. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tsukamoto H, Stickel F, Seitz H, Rao R, Gangwar R, Samak G, Mir H, Chaudhry K, Manda B, Nagy L, Sood A, Nagy L, Chiang D, Roychowdhury S. S13 * MULTIPLE HITS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE. Alcohol Alcohol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Chunduri A, Roychowdhury S. Renal biochemistry in elderly with acute kidney injury in an acute medical setting. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hillian AD, McMullen MR, Sebastian BM, Roychowdhury S, Rowchowdhury S, Kashyap SR, Schauer PR, Kirwan JP, Feldstein AE, Nagy LE. Mice lacking C1q are protected from high fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22565-75. [PMID: 23788643 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.465674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement activation is implicated in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, and loss of signaling by the anaphylatoxin C3a prevents obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice. Here we have identified C1q in the classical pathway as required for activation of complement in response to high fat diets. After 8 weeks of high fat diet, wild-type mice became obese and developed glucose intolerance. This was associated with increased apoptotic cell death and accumulation of complement activation products (C3b/iC3b/C3c) in liver and adipose tissue. Previous studies have shown that high fat diet-induced apoptosis is dependent on Bid; here we report that Bid-mediated apoptosis was required for complement activation in adipose and liver. Although C1qa deficiency had no effect on high fat diet-induced apoptosis, accumulation of complement activation products and the metabolic complications of high fat diet-induced obesity were dependent on C1q. When wild-type mice were fed a high fat diet for only 3 days, hepatic insulin resistance was associated with the accumulation of C3b/iC3b/C3c in the liver. Mice deficient in C3a receptor were protected against this early high fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance, whereas mice deficient in the negative complement regulator CD55/DAF were more sensitive to the high fat diet. C1qa(-/-) mice were also protected from high fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance and complement activation. Evidence of complement activation was also detected in adipose tissue of obese women compared with lean women. Together, these studies reveal an important role for C1q in the classical pathway of complement activation in the development of high fat diet-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette D Hillian
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Lee JH, Tseng IK, Siegel RL, Roychowdhury S. Percutaneous thrombin injection with a distal embolic protection device for treatment of a common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. Interv Neuroradiol 2013; 19:235-9. [PMID: 23693049 DOI: 10.1177/159101991301900214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication from placement of an internal jugular triple lumen catheter. Endovascular stenting is the favored treatment option in the setting of traumatic carotid injury. In other parts of the body, specifically the femoral artery, thrombin injection has become the standard of care. We intend to show that effective management of carotid pseudoaneurysms can also be achieved with thrombin injection after placement of a distal embolic protection device.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Lee JH, Stein M, Roychowdhury S. Percutaneous treatment of a sacral metastasis with combined embolization, cryoablation, alcohol ablation and sacroplasty for local tumor and pain control. Interv Neuroradiol 2013; 19:250-3. [PMID: 23693052 DOI: 10.1177/159101991301900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple treatment options have been introduced for the treatment of sacral tumoral bone pain. These options include pre-operative sacral embolization, percutaneous cryoablation, alcohol ablation, and sacroplasty. We intend to show that in the correct clinical scenario, a combination of the four procedures performed as a two-stage process can effectively treat tumoral bone pain refractory to medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Roychowdhury S, McMullen MR, Pisano SG, Liu X, Nagy LE. Absence of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 prevents ethanol-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2013; 57:1773-83. [PMID: 23319235 PMCID: PMC3628968 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocyte cell death via apoptosis and necrosis are major hallmarks of ethanol-induced liver injury. However, inhibition of apoptosis is not sufficient to prevent ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury or inflammation. Because receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) 3-mediated necroptosis, a nonapoptotic cell death pathway, is implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol-induced liver injury is RIP3-dependent and RIP1-independent. Increased expression of RIP3 was detected in livers of mice after chronic ethanol feeding, as well as in liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic liver disease. Chronic ethanol feeding failed to induce RIP3 in the livers of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-deficient mice, indicating CYP2E1-mediated ethanol metabolism is critical for RIP3 expression in response to ethanol feeding. Mice lacking RIP3 were protected from ethanol-induced steatosis, hepatocyte injury, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, RIP1 expression in mouse liver remained unchanged following ethanol feeding, and inhibition of RIP1 kinase by necrostatin-1 did not attenuate ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury. Ethanol-induced apoptosis, assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling-positive nuclei and accumulation of cytokeratin-18 fragments in the liver, was independent of RIP3. CONCLUSION CYP2E1-dependent RIP3 expression induces hepatocyte necroptosis during ethanol feeding. Ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury is RIP3-dependent, but independent of RIP1 kinase activity; intervention of this pathway could be targeted as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Departments of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Sorana G. Pisano
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic,Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Barnes MA, McMullen MR, Roychowdhury S, Pisano SG, Liu X, Stavitsky AB, Bucala R, Nagy LE. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to ethanol-induced liver injury by mediating cell injury, steatohepatitis, and steatosis. Hepatology 2013; 57:1980-91. [PMID: 23174952 PMCID: PMC3597752 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a multipotent protein that exhibits both cytokine and chemotactic properties, is expressed by many cell types, including hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. We hypothesized that MIF is a key contributor to liver injury after ethanol exposure. Female C57BL/6 or MIF-/- mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or pair-fed control diet for 4 (11% total kcal;early response) or 25 (32% kcal; chronic response) days. Expression of MIF messenger RNA (mRNA) was induced at both 4 days and 25 days of ethanol feeding. After chronic ethanol, hepatic triglycerides and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased in wildtype, but not MIF-/-, mice. In order to understand the role of MIF in chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, we investigated the early response of wildtype and MIF-/- to ethanol. Ethanol feeding for 4 days increased apoptosis of hepatic macrophages and activated complement in both wildtype and MIF-/- mice. However, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression was increased only in wildtype mice. This attenuation of TNF-α expression was associated with fewer F4/80+ macrophages in liver of MIF-/- mice. After 25 days of ethanol feeding, chemokine expression was increased in wildtype mice, but not MIF-/- mice. Again, this protection was associated with decreased F4/80+ cells in MIF-/- mice after ethanol feeding. Chronic ethanol feeding also sensitized wildtype, but not MIF-/-, mice to lipopolysaccharide, increasing chemokine expression and monocyte recruitment into the liver. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data indicate that MIF is an important mediator in the regulation of chemokine production and immune cell infiltration in the liver during ethanol feeding and promotes ethanol-induced steatosis and hepatocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Barnes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sorana G. Pisano
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Abram B. Stavitsky
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Roychowdhury S, Chiang DJ, Mandal P, McMullen MR, Liu X, Cohen JI, Pollard J, Feldstein AE, Nagy LE. Inhibition of apoptosis protects mice from ethanol-mediated acceleration of early markers of CCl4 -induced fibrosis but not steatosis or inflammation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:1139-47. [PMID: 22273278 PMCID: PMC3337974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correlative evidence indicates that apoptosis is associated with the progression of alcoholic liver disease. If apoptosis contributes to ethanol (EtOH)-induced steatohepatitis and/or fibrosis, then mice deficient in Bid, a key pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, or mice treated with a pan-caspase inhibitor (VX166) should be resistant to EtOH-induced liver injury. METHODS This hypothesis was tested in mice using a model of chronic, heavy EtOH-induced liver injury, as well as in a model in which moderate EtOH feeding accelerated the appearance of early markers of hepatic fibrosis in response to acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) ) exposure. RESULTS Chronic EtOH feeding to mice increased TUNEL- and cytokeratin-18-positive cells in the liver, as well as the expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), a marker of necroptosis. In this model, Bid-/- mice or wild-type mice treated with VX166 were protected from EtOH-induced apoptosis, but not EtOH-induced RIP3 expression. Bid deficiency or inhibition of caspase activity did not protect mice from EtOH-induced increases in plasma alanine and aspartate amino transferase activity, steatosis, or mRNA expression of some inflammatory cytokines. Moderate EtOH feeding to mice enhanced the response of mice to acute CCl(4) exposure, resulting in increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and accumulation of extracellular matrix protein. VX166-treatment attenuated EtOH-mediated acceleration of these early indicators of CCl(4) -induced hepatic fibrosis, decreasing the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix protein. CONCLUSIONS EtOH-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes was mediated by Bid. Apoptosis played a critical role in the accelerating the appearance of early markers of CCl(4) -induced fibrosis by moderate EtOH but did not contribute to EtOH-induced hepatocyte injury, steatosis, or expression of mRNA for some inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Departments of Pathobiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Roy D, De CA, Pal R, Roychowdhury S, Das S. P4-05-04: Arachidonic Acid-Induced Elevated Expression of 5-Lipoxygenase Is Linked to Metastatic Migration of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p4-05-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In invasive breast cancers, cancerous cells spread outside the ducts of the breast and metastasize to lung and other tissues. Although the rapid arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and concomitant increase of eicosanoid molecules are involved in the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells, the exact mechanism by which AA metabolites regulate these phenomena are not well understood. Here, we show that leukotriene B4 (LTB4), one of the metabolites of AA, which is produced by the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), causes the proliferation and metastatic migration of breast cancer cells.
Material and Methods: MDA-MB-231 (invasive breast cancer cells) and MCF7 (non-invasive breast cancer cells) were used in this study. Briefly, cells were treated with AA (100 μM) and nordihydroguaiarectin acid (NDGA, 10 μM), and the secreted eicosanoids were characterized by HPLC. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to elucidate the expression and intracellular localization of 5-LOX. The metastatic migration was analyzed by wound-healing assays.
Results: Our results suggest that while MDA-MB-231 cells produce high levels of PGE2 and PGD2, MCF7 cells synthesize excess HETE compounds (HETE5 and HETE8). Interestingly, MDA-MB-231 cells, when stimulated with AA, show the increased syntheses of LTB4 (∼3 fold) and decreased PGE2 and PGD2 (∼2 fold). In MCF7, on the contrary, AA treatment reduced the syntheses of all eicosanoids. Furthermore, the expression of 5-LOX in MDA-MB-231 cells was also increased by ∼2 fold. We observed that AA promotes cell migration in MDA-MB-231 cells, which could be blocked by NDGA, a generic inhibitor of LOX enzymes. Because LTB4 production and its binding with BLT receptors are linked to IL-8 secretion, we measured the level of IL-8 synthesized by both MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The results suggest that MDA-MB-231 cells secrete excess IL-8 (∼2 fold) when stimulated with AA, suggesting that LTB4 and IL-8 interactive pathways are important for cancer metastasis.
Discussion: Our results demonstrate that LTB4 synthesis is linked to the metastatic migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, and that it therefore should be considered as a target for developing new drugs for the treatment of invasive breast cancers.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-05-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roy
- 1University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | | | - R Pal
- 1University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | | | - S Das
- 1University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX
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Sebastian BM, Roychowdhury S, Tang H, Hillian AD, Feldstein AE, Stahl GL, Takahashi K, Nagy LE. Identification of a cytochrome P4502E1/Bid/C1q-dependent axis mediating inflammation in adipose tissue after chronic ethanol feeding to mice. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:35989-35997. [PMID: 21856753 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.254201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic, heavy alcohol exposure results in inflammation in adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and liver injury. Here we have identified a CYP2E1/Bid/C1q-dependent pathway that is activated in response to chronic ethanol and is required for the development of inflammation in adipose tissue. Ethanol feeding for 25 days to wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice increased expression of multiple markers of adipose tissue inflammation relative to pair-fed controls independent of increased body weight or adipocyte size. Ethanol feeding increased the expression of CYP2E1 in adipocytes, but not stromal vascular cells, in adipose tissue and Cyp2e1(-/-) mice were protected from adipose tissue inflammation in response to ethanol. Ethanol feeding also increased the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei in adipose tissue of wild-type mice but not in Cyp2e1(-/-) or Bid (-/-) mice. Apoptosis contributed to adipose inflammation, as the expression of multiple inflammatory markers was decreased in mice lacking the Bid-dependent apoptotic pathway. The complement protein C1q binds to apoptotic cells, facilitating their clearance and activating complement. Making use of C1q-deficient mice, we found that activation of complement via C1q provided the critical link between CYP2E1/Bid-dependent apoptosis and onset of adipose tissue inflammation in response to chronic ethanol. In summary, chronic ethanol increases CYP2E1 activity in adipose, leading to Bid-mediated apoptosis and activation of complement via C1q, finally resulting in adipose tissue inflammation. Taken together, these data identify a novel mechanism for the development of adipose tissue inflammation that likely contributes to the pathophysiological effects of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky M Sebastian
- Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Hui Tang
- Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Antoinette D Hillian
- Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195; Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, 44190
| | - Gregory L Stahl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peroperative, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kazue Takahashi
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, 44190; Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
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Nagy L, Sebastian B, Roychowdhury S, Tang H, Hillian A, Feldstein A. Identification of a CYP2E1/BID/C1q-dependent axis mediating inflammation in adipose tissue after chronic ethanol feeding to mice. Mol Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.06.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Meyer JR, Roychowdhury S, Cybulski G, Russell EJ. Solitary intramedullary plasmacytoma of the skull base mimicking aggressive meningioma. Skull Base Surg 2011; 7:101-5. [PMID: 17170997 PMCID: PMC1656598 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1058616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The authors present an unusual case of solitary intramedullary plasmacytoma. Awareness of this entity can facilitate appropriate surgical planning, which may include a limited biopsy prior to considering more extensive skull base surgery.
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