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Nardo AD, Ferretti L, Wadsworth J, Mioulet V, Gelman B, Karniely S, Scherbakov A, Ziay G, Özyörük F, Parlak Ü, Göktuna PT, Hassanzadeh R, Khalaj M, Dastoor SM, Abdollahi D, Khan EUH, Afzal M, Hussain M, Knowles NJ, King DP. Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4346-4361. [PMID: 34115138 PMCID: PMC8476141 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock farming across the world is constantly threatened by evolutionary turnover of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains in endemic systems, the underlying dynamics of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we map the eco-evolutionary landscape of co-circulating FMDV lineages within an important endemic virus pool encompassing Western, Central and parts of Southern Asia, reconstructing the evolutionary history and spatial dynamics over the last 20 years that shapes the current epidemiological situation. We demonstrate that new FMDV variants periodically emerge from Southern Asia, precipitating waves of virus incursions that systematically travel in a westerly direction. We evidence how metapopulation dynamics drive the emergence and extinction of spatially structured virus populations, and how transmission in different host species regulates the evolutionary space of virus serotypes. Our work provides the first integrative framework that defines co-evolutionary signatures of FMDV in regional contexts to help understand the complex interplay between virus phenotypes, host characteristics, and key epidemiological determinants of transmission that drive FMDV evolution in endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Di Nardo
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jemma Wadsworth
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Mioulet
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Gelman
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Sharon Karniely
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Alexey Scherbakov
- Federal Governmental Budgetary Institution "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), Yur'evets, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Ghulam Ziay
- Central Veterinary Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Fuat Özyörük
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ünal Parlak
- Foot and Mouth Disease (ŞAP) Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Reza Hassanzadeh
- Iran Veterinary Organization, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khalaj
- Iran Veterinary Organization, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Darab Abdollahi
- Iran Veterinary Organization, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehtisham-Ul-Haq Khan
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of Punjab, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Pakistan Office, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Hussain
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Pakistan Office, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
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