[Bioinformatics-based analysis of the effect of general Transcription Factor IIH on prognosis of Prostate cancer]

Objective: To investigate the genetic and expression characteristics of transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) in pre-initiationcomplex in prostate cancer (PCa) and its relationship with prostate cancer progression. Methods: Analyzing the expression characteristics and clinical signification of TFIIH subunits about 495 cases of PCa and 52 cases of adjacent cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas-Prostate adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) database. PCa microarray chip was used to verify the correlation between the key factor General Transcription Factor IIH Subunit 4 (GTF2H4) in TFIIH and clinical features. Results: The 495 patients with PCa were (61.01±6.82) years old.The mRNA expression of ERCC3、GTF2H4 and MNAT1 were high in PCa tissues with GS≥8(P<0.05). The expression of GTF2H4 and MNAT1 were relevant to the pathological stages(P<0.05). High expression of GTF2H4 has higher biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate in PCa patients(HR=2.47, 95%CI:1.62-3.77, P<0.001), which has better predictive effect of BCR in PCa patients(The 3rd, 5th, and 7th year AUC all>0.7) than other subunits, and it has been verified in four additional databases. Single-factor Cox regression analysis showed that GTF2H4 were risk factors for BCR (HR=2.470, 95%CI:1.620-3.767, P<0.001) and GTF2H5 were protective factors(HR=0.506,95%CI: 0.336-0.762, P=0.001). The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the protein expression of GTF2H4 was correlated with the clinical features of PCa patients.The differences of the above results were statistically significant. Conclusion: GTF2H4, the key factor of TFIIH, is highly expressed in PCa and indicates a poor prognosis.

CMTM6 recruits T cells within the endocervical adenocarcinoma microenvironment and suppresses cell proliferation via the p53 pathway

BACKGROUND

Endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA), harboring poor prognosis, is divided into human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated adenocarcinoma (HPVA) and non-HPVA (NHPVA), each consisting of a heterogeneous immune microenvironment. We aim to examine the effect of CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain 6 (CMTM6), a key regulator of PD-L1, on ECA.

METHODS

Immunohistochemistry and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to detect CMTM6, Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and immune cells biomarkers levels in tumors. RT-qPCR and Western Blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein level changed in cells.

RESULTS

The expression of CMTM6 in ECA is upregulated compared to cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues. More infiltrating T cells were observed in CMTM6^high ECA tissues, especially in CMTM6^high HPVA. Higher expression of CMTM6 is associated with a higher rate of infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells in HPVA, but not in NHPVA. ECA patients were divided into three groups according to the co-expression status of CMTM6 and PD-L1^(CPS) . Patients with CMTM6^high /PD-L1^(CPS+) had the longest OS and DFS, especially in NHPVA patients. Moreover, knockdown of CMTM6 promotes ECA cell proliferation via the p53 pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

CMTM6 recruits T cells, suppresses ECA cell proliferation via the p53 pathway and can be used as a novel prognostic indicator for ECA patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Association between obesity and clinical prognosis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2

Background

It is well established that obesity is a disease of sustained low-grade inflammation. However, it is currently unknown if obesity plays a role in the clinical manifestations and prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether obesity played a role in clinical manifestations and prognosis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

This is a retrospective multicenter clinical study. A total of 96 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled from Dongguan People’s Hospital, Nanfang hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between 23 January and 14 February 2020. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was defined as oxygenation index (PaO₂/FiO₂) ≤ 300 mmHg. We grouped patients through the body mass index (BMI). Associations were examined using the t test, χ² test and multivariate logistic forward regression test.

Results

Patients with BMI <  24 were significantly younger (P = 0.025) with lower creatine kinase (P = 0.013), lower diastolic pressure blood (P = 0.035), lower serum creatinine (P = 0.012), lower lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.001) and higher platelet count (P = 0.002). The BMI level was 20.78 ± 3.15 in patients without pneumonia compared with the patients with pneumonia (23.81 ± 3.49, P = 0.001). For patients without ARDS, an average BMI level of 22.65 ± 3.53 was observed, significantly lower than patients with ARDS (24.57 ± 3.59, P = 0.022). The mean BMI was 22.35 ± 3.56 in patients experienced with relieving the clinical symptoms or stable condition by radiographic tests, lower than patients with disease exacerbation with 24.89 ± 3.17 (P = 0.001). In addition, lymphocyte count (r = − 0.23, P = 0.027) and platelet count (r = − 0.44, P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with BMI. While hemoglobin (r = 0.267, P = 0.008), creatine kinase (r = 0.331, P = 0.001), serum creatinine (r = 0.424, P < 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.343, P = 0.001) were significantly positive correlated with BMI. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (OR = 1.046, P = 0.009) and BMI ≥ 24 (OR = 1.258, P = 0.005) were independent risk factors associated ICU admission while BMI ≥ 24 (OR = 4.219, P = 0.007) was independent risk factor associated with radiographic disease exacerbation.

Conclusions

Our study found BMI was significantly associated with clinical manifestations and prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. For patients with increased risk, clinicians should intervene promptly to avoid disease progression.

Altered epidermal fatty acid-binding protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma predicts unfavorable outcomes

Objective

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly proliferating malignancy that requires large amounts of fatty acids to synthesize cellular membranes and provide energy. Epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (EFABP) is uniquely expressed in epidermal cells, but its role and expression in HCC are not clear.

Subjects and methods

A total of 804 HCC specimens were collected to construct a tissue microarray (TMA) and for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The relationship between EFABP expression and clinical features of patients with HCC was analyzed.

Results

The EFABP IHC score for HCC tissue was 0.76±0.69, being significantly higher than that for matched nontumorous tissue (0.48±0.55; P<0.001). Using the median IHC score (ie, 0.8) in the tumorous tissue, a high level of EFABP expression was found in 57.3% (461/804) of the cases. Patients with HCC displaying high EFABP expression had poorer tumor differentiation (P=0.029), more vascular invasion (P=0.006), and a higher proportion of late TNM stage disease (P=0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients with high EFABP expression had significantly worse outcomes in terms of overall survival (P=0.003), worse disease-free survival (P=0.021), and a higher probability of recurrence (P=0.014). Multivariate analysis indicated that EFABP expression was an independent prognostic variable for overall survival (P=0.021) and disease-free survival (P=0.044). For HCC recurrence, only vascular invasion (P=0.020) and EFABP expression (P=0.026) were independent risk factors.

Conclusion

Our data revealed that EFABP expression was increased in HCC samples. High EFABP expression was correlated with shorter survival times in patients with HCC and served as an independent factor for worse outcomes. Our study therefore provides a promising bio-marker for the prognostic prediction of HCC and a potential therapeutic target for the disease.

A model combining TNM stage and tumor size shows utility in predicting recurrence among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection

Objective

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence is a clinical challenge. An accurate prediction system for patients with HCC is needed, since the choice of HCC treatment strategies is very important.

Patients and methods

A total of 804 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were included in this study. Demographics, clinicopathological data, and follow-up information were collected.

Results

A logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships between clinical features and HCC recurrence. Tumor size (OR=1.454, 95% CI: 1.047–2.020, P=0.026) and TNM stage (OR=1.360, 95% CI: 1.021–1.813, P=0.036) were independent predictors of HCC recurrence after curative resection. Therefore, the following equation was established to predict HCC recurrence: 0.308×TNM+0.374×tumor size–0.639. The equation score was 0.53±0.23 in patients who experienced HCC recurrence compared with 0.47±0.24 in other patients. A similar trend was observed in patients who survived after the last follow-up, compared with those who did not, with scores of 0.37±0.26 vs 0.52±0.22, respectively (P<0.001). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with HCC with equation values >0.5 had significantly worse outcomes than those with equation values ≤0.5 (P<0.001) for overall survival (OS) and recurrence (P=0.043). Multivariate Cox analyses showed that tumor multiplicity (P=0.039), involucrum (P=0.029), vascular invasion (P<0.001), and equation value (P<0.001) were independent prognostic variables for OS, whereas tumor multiplicity (P=0.01), tumor differentiation (P=0.007), vascular invasion (P<0.001), involucrum (P=0.01), and equation value (P<0.001) were independent prognostic variables for HCC recurrence.

Conclusion

We established a novel and effective equation for predicting the probability of recurrence and OS after curative resection. Patients with a high recurrence score, based on this equation, should undergo additional high-end imaging examinations.

PRAF2 expression indicates unfavorable clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma

Introduction

Prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family member 2 (PRAF2), a novel oncogene, has been shown to be essential for the development of several human cancers; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.

Materials and methods

PRAF2 mRNA and protein expressions were examined in fresh tissues by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively, and in 518 paraffin-embedded HCC samples by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of PRAF2 expression and clinical outcomes was determined by the Student's t-test, Kaplan-Meier test, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The role of PRAF2 in HCC was investigated by cell viability, colony formation, and migration assays in vitro and with a nude mouse model in vivo.

Results

In our study, the PRAF2 expression was noticeably increased in HCC tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels compared with that of the nontumorous tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that high PRAF2 expression was correlated with worse overall survival in a cohort of 518 patients with HCC. The prognostic implication of PRAF2 was verified by stratified survival analysis. The multivariate Cox regression model revealed PRAF2 as an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.244, 95% CI: 1.039-1.498, P<0.017) in HCC. The in vitro data demonstrated that PRAF2 overexpression markedly enhanced cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration. Moreover, ectopic expression of PRAF2 promoted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.

Conclusion

Collectively, we conclude that PRAF2 is increased in HCC and is a novel unfavorable biomarker for prognostic prediction for patients with HCC.

[Technical specification for clinical application of critical ultrasonography]

Critical ultrasonography(CUS) is different from the traditional diagnostic ultrasound, the examiner and interpreter of the image are critical care medicine physicians. The core content of CUS is to evaluate the pathophysiological changes of organs and systems and etiology changes. With the idea of critical care medicine as the soul, it can integrate the above information and clinical information, bedside real-time diagnosis and titration treatment, and evaluate the therapeutic effect so as to improve the outcome. CUS is a traditional technique which is applied as a new application method. The consensus of experts on critical ultrasonography in China released in 2016 put forward consensus suggestions on the concept, implementation and application of CUS. It should be further emphasized that the accurate and objective assessment and implementation of CUS requires the standardization of ultrasound image acquisition and the need to establish a CUS procedure. At the same time, the standardized training for CUS accepted by critical care medicine physicians requires the application of technical specifications, and the establishment of technical specifications is the basis for the quality control and continuous improvement of CUS. Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group and Critical Hemodynamic Therapy Collabration Group, based on the rich experience of clinical practice in critical care and research, combined with the essence of CUS, to learn the traditional ultrasonic essence, established the clinical application technical specifications of CUS, including in five parts: basic view and relevant indicators to obtain in CUS; basic norms for viscera organ assessment and special assessment; standardized processes and systematic inspection programs; examples of CUS applications; CUS training and the application of qualification certification. The establishment of applied technology standard is helpful for standardized training and clinical correct implementation. It is helpful for clinical evaluation and correct guidance treatment, and is also helpful for quality control and continuous improvement of CUS application.

Decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha indicates unfavorable outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma

Introduction

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a close relationship with lipid metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a crucial role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the liver. However, the role of PPARα in HCC remains unclear.

Methods

A total of 804 HCC specimens were collected to construct a tissue microarray and for immunohistochemical analysis. The relationship between PPARα expression and clinical features of HCC patients was analyzed. Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic value of PPARα expression levels.

Results

The expression of PPARα in HCC was noticeably decreased in HCC tissues. HCC patients with high levels of PPARα expression in cytoplasm had smaller tumors (P=0.027), less vascular invasion (P=0.049), and a higher proportion of complete involucrum (P=0.038). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that HCC patients with low PPARα expression in the cytoplasm had significantly worse outcomes in terms of overall survival (P<0.001), disease-free survival (P=0.024), and the probability of recurrence (P=0.037). Similarly, overall survival was significantly shorter in HCC patients with negative PPARα expression in the nucleus (P=0.034). Multivariate Cox analyses indicated that tumor size (P=0.001), TNM stage (P<0.001), vascular invasion (P<0.001), and PPARα expression in the cytoplasm (P<0.001) were found to be independent prognostic variables for overall survival.

Conclusion

Our data revealed that PPARα expression was decreased in HCC samples. High PPARα expression was correlated with longer survival times in HCC patients, and served as an independent factor for better outcomes. Our study therefore provides a promising biomarker for prognostic prediction and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

POH1 Knockdown Induces Cancer Cell Apoptosis via p53 and Bim

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is implicated in cell apoptosis that is frequently dysregulated in human cancers. POH1/rpn11/PSMD14, as a part of the 19S proteasomal subunit, contributes to the progression of malignancy, but its role in apoptosis remains unclear. Here, we showed that POH1 expression was increased and associated with poor outcomes in three independent cohorts of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), esophageal cancer (EC), and colorectal cancer (CRC). The knockdown of POH1 significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial pathway in vitro. Intratumoral injection of POH1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced the progression of tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vivo. Furthermore, p53 or Bim siRNA markedly attenuated the apoptosis induced by POH1 depletion. POH1 depletion resulted in cell apoptosis by increasing the stability of p53 and Bim and inhibiting their ubiquitination. Overall, POH1 knockdown induced cell apoptosis through increased expression of p53 and Bim via enhanced protein stability and attenuated degradation. Thus, POH1 may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in human cancers.

HBx-mediated decrease of AIM2 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis

Tumor metastasis is responsible for the high mortality rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) has been implicated in inflammation and carcinogenesis, although its role in HCC metastasis remains unknown. In the present study, we show that AIM2 protein expression was noticeably reduced in HCC cell lines and clinical samples. A reduction in AIM2 was closely associated with higher serum AFP levels, vascular invasion, poor tumor differentiation, an incomplete tumor capsule and unfavorable postsurgical survival odds. In vitro studies demonstrated that AIM2 expression was modulated by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) at transcriptional and post-translational levels. HBx overexpression markedly blocked the expression of AIM2 at mRNA and protein levels by enhancing the stability of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Furthermore, HBx interacted with AIM2, resulting in an increase of AIM2 degradation via ubiquitination induction. Functionally, knockdown of AIM2 enhanced cell migration, formation of cell pseudopodium, wound healing and tumor metastasis, whereas reintroduction of AIM2 attenuated these functions. The loss of AIM2 induced the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fibronectin 1 (FN1) was found to be a downstream effector of AIM2, with its expression reversely modulated by AIM2. Silencing of FN1 significantly halted cell migration induced by AIM2 depletion. These data demonstrate that HBx-induced loss of AIM2 is associated with poor outcomes and facilitates HCC metastasis by triggering the EMT process. The results of the present study therefore suggest that AIM2 is a potential prognostic biomarker in hepatitis B virus-related HCC, as well as a possible therapeutic target for tumor metastasis.

Cloning, expression of Vibrio alginolyticus outer membrane protein-OmpU gene and its potential application as vaccine in crimson snapper, Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch

The outer membrane proteins of the marine aquatic animal pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus, play an important role in the virulence of the bacterium and are potential candidates for vaccine development. In this study, the gene encoding an outer membrane protein-OmpU was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against the purified recombinant OmpU, and the reaction of the antibody was confirmed by Western blotting using the isolated OmpU and the recombinant OmpU of V. alginolyticus. To analyze the immunogenicity of the recombinant OmpU, crimson snapper, Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, were immunized by intraperitoneal injection, and antibody response was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that the recombinant OmpU produced an observable antibody response in all sera of the vaccinated fish. The vaccinated fish were challenged by virulent V. alginolyticus and observed to have high resistance to infection. These results indicate that the recombinant OmpU is an effective vaccine candidate against V. alginolyticus in L. erythropterus.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of Vibrio alginolyticus, the causative agent of vibriosis in mariculture fish

AIMS

The purpose of this study was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the rapid, sensitive and simple detection of Vibrio alginolyticus in mariculture fish.

METHODS AND RESULTS

LAMP primers were designed by targeting the gyrB gene. With Bst DNA polymerase, the target DNA can be clearly amplified for 60 min at 64 degrees C in a simple water bath. The detection sensitivity of the LAMP assay for the detection of V. alginolyticus is about 3.7 x 10(2) CFU ml(-1) (3.7 CFU per reaction). LAMP products could be judged with agar gel or naked eye after the addition of SYBR Green I. There were no cross-reactions with other bacterial strains indicating a high specificity of the LAMP. The LAMP method was applied to detect V. alginolyticus-infected fish tissues effectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The LAMP established in this study is a simple, sensitive, specific, inexpensive and rapid protocol for the detection of V. alginolyticus.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

This LAMP method provides an important diagnostic tool for the detection of V. alginolyticus infection both in the laboratory and field.

Cloning and expression of the gene encoding an extracellular alkaline serine protease from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901, the causative agent of vibriosis in Lutjanus erythopterus (Bloch)

A 750-bp internal fragment of the alkaline serine protease gene (asp) from the Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The flanking sequences of the 5'- and 3'- ends of the asp gene were characterized by reverse and nested PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the asp gene contained an 1893-bp ORF encoding 630 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the ASP (alkaline serine protease) precursor showed significant homology with several bacterial alkaline serine proteases. Expression of the asp gene in Escherichia coli and activity tests of the ASP indicated that the N-signal peptide of the ASP precursor was essential to autocatalyse and fold correctly the enzyme to obtain activity. The purified ASP was lethal for Lutjanus erythopterus with an LD(50) of 0.25 microg protein g(-1) body weight.

Cloning and expression of gene encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901, the causative agent of vibriosis of crimson snapper (Lutjanus erythopterus)

AIMS

The main aims of this study were to clone and express complete open reading frame (ORF) of thermostable direct haemolysin gene (tdh) from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 in Escherichia coli, and further evaluate the virulence of expressed TDH on mouse and crimson snapper.

METHODS AND RESULTS

A 410 bp internal fragment of the tdh gene was amplified by touchdown PCR with designed primers. Then its unknown flanking sequences of the 5'- and 3'-ends were finally characterized by inverse PCR and nested PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the tdh gene contain 570 bp ORF which encoded 189 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the ORF was in significant homology with several Vibrio TDH. The product that the tdh gene expressed in E. coli was purified by Ni(2+)-IDA Sepharose affinity column. The activity of purified TDH was 4651 U mg(-1) protein by hide powder azure digestion. The lethal toxicity test showed that LD(50) values of the purified TDH were 5.68 and 8.34 microg TDH g(-1) body weight for mouse and crimson snapper, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The complete ORF of tdh gene was obtained by touchdown PCR, inverse PCR and nested PCR. The ORF was perfectly expressed in E. coli. The activity and toxicity assays showed that the N-terminal signal peptide was essential to autocatalyse and fold correctly to obtain the activity and toxicity in the purified TDH. The Native-PAGE analysis showed that the activated tdh gene expressed in E. coli was a dimer with two identical subunits.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

This study demonstrates that the expressed activated TDH can produce the toxicity protein determined on mouse and fish, which will lead to better understandings of the identifying virulence factor that could be considered as a candidate antigen for vaccine and a diagnostic tool for vibriosis. Its use as an immunizing antigen might prevent the ability of V. alginolyticus to infect the marine aquatic animals, as a complementary measure to tick control and appropriate management in countries affected by vibriosis.

Inhibitory effect of erythromycin on P-glycoprotein-mediated biliary excretion of doxorubicin in rats

The macrolide antibiotic erythromycin has recently been shown to overcome the resistance to anticancer drugs that results from overexpression of P-glycoprotein. The present study, using erythromycin lactobionic acid as a model drug, investigated the inhibitory effects of erythromycin on the efflux of doxorubicin from P388/ADR cells expressing P-glycoprotein and on the biliary excretion mechanism of doxorubicin in rats, which is primarily mediated by P-glycoprotein. Erythromycin lactobionic acid was found to inhibit the efflux of doxorubicin (5 microM) from P388/ADR cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In rats receiving constant-rate infusion of doxorubicin (30 micrograms/min), both the biliary and renal clearance of this drug dramatically decreased and its plasma concentrations increased after an intravenous injection of erythromycin lactobionic acid (100 mg/kg as erythromycin). These results suggest that erythromycin competitively inhibits P-glycoprotein-mediated biliary and renal excretion of doxorubicin. The effect of erythromycin on the biliary secretion of doxorubicin was also analyzed quantitatively by the competitive inhibition model. The computer-estimated values of Vmax/Km, Km and Ki were 8.79 ml/minute, 0.82 microgram/ml and 0.41 microgram/ml, respectively. The findings of these experiments suggest that the inhibitory effect of erythromycin on the P-glycoprotein-mediated biliary excretion of doxorubicin is competitive and that combination chemotherapy of doxorubicin with erythromycin may induce toxicity as a result of increased plasma concentrations of doxorubicin.

[Comparative study of the character of cefazolin pharmacokinetics between Neijiang pig and human]

OBJECTIVE

To study the character of cefazolin (CEZ) pharmacokinetics on Neijiang pig and human.

METHODS

The serum concentration of CEZ in 8 normal Chinese adult men, 9 of 8-month male Neijiang pigs and 5 of 4-month male Neijiang pigs were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTS

The pharmacokinetic parameters suggested that two-compartment model was found in all groups after intramuscular injection of CEZ. In normal men, 8-month pigs and 4-month pigs, the peak time (Tmax) was (58.8 +/- 13.0), (19.7 +/- 9.9) and (18.2 +/- 8.6) min respectively, T1/2 alpha was (42.3 +/- 19.7), (19.0 +/- 7.7) and (9.3 +/- 1.9) min, the peak concentration (Cmax) was (101.6 +/- 14.6), (28.7 +/- 9.0) and (23.5 +/- 4.6) mg/L; Vd was (0.096 +/- 0.016), (0.374 +/- 0.184) and (0.386 +/- 0.211) L/kg; T1/2ka was (22.5 +/- 6.8), (8.6 +/- 4.8) and (10.6 +/- 10.2) min; T1/2 beta was (117.3 +/- 8.6), (84.2 +/- 9.8) and (45.1 +/- 11.5) min; clean rate of plasma Cl was (0.8 +/- 0.1), (6.8 +/- 1.2) and (11.0 +/- 3.0) ml/kg.min; AUC was (21,803 +/- 4,145), (2,407 +/- 443) and (1,636 +/- 685) mg.min/L.

CONCLUSION

It could conclude that the Neijiang pigs could eliminate CEZ effectively, but the absorption, distribution and elimination of CEZ in pigs were quicker than that of in human while the absorption from muscle in both pig groups were lower than that in human.