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Mortier C, Gracey E, Coudenys J, Manuello T, Decruy T, Maelegheer M, Stappers F, Gilis E, Gaublomme D, Van Hoorebeke L, Van Welden S, Ambler C, Hegen M, Symanowicz P, Steyn S, Berstein G, Elewaut D, Venken K. RORγt inhibition ameliorates IL-23 driven experimental psoriatic arthritis by predominantly modulating γδ-T cells. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3169-3178. [PMID: 36661300 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Divergent therapeutic outcomes on different disease domains have been noted with IL-23 and IL-17A-blockade in PsA. Therefore, elucidating the role of RORγt, the master regulator of type 17 immune responses, is of potential therapeutic interest. To this end, RORγt inhibition was assessed in combined skin, joint and gut inflammation in vivo, using a PsA model. METHODS We tested the efficacy of a RORγt antagonist in B10.RIII mice challenged with systemic overexpression of IL-23 by hydrodynamic injection of IL-23 enhanced episomal vector (IL-23 EEV). Clinical outcomes were evaluated by histopathology. Bone density and surface erosions were examined using micro-computed tomography. Cytokine production was measured in serum and by intracellular flow cytometry. Gene expression in PsA-related tissues was analysed by qPCR. RESULTS RORγt-blockade significantly ameliorated psoriasis, peripheral arthritis and colitis development in IL-23 EEV mice (improvement of clinical scores and weight loss respectively by 91.8%, 58.2% and 7.0%, P < 0.001), in line with profound suppression of an enhanced type IL-17 immune signature in PsA-affected tissues. Moreover, inflammation-induced bone loss and bone erosions were reduced (P < 0.05 in calcaneus, P < 0.01 in tibia). Sustained IL-23 overexpression resulted in only mild signs of sacroiliitis. Gamma-delta (γδ)-T cells, the dominant source of T cell-derived IL-17A and IL-22, were expanded during IL-23 overexpression, and together with Th17 cells, clearly countered by RORγt inhibition (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION RORγt-blockade shows therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical PsA model with protection towards extra-musculoskeletal manifestations, reflected by a clear attenuation of type 17 cytokine responses by γδ-T cells and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mortier
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Gracey
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teddy Manuello
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaux Maelegheer
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flore Stappers
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Gilis
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Djoere Gaublomme
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- IBD Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Intestinal Barrier Signaling in Disease and Therapy, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Steyn
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Berstein
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
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Van Der Merwe D, Brand T, Steyn S, Hoffman L. Using ultrasound to predict fat deposition in growing lambs of different South African sheep breed types. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Baptista MAS, Merchant K, Barrett T, Bhargava S, Bryce DK, Ellis JM, Estrada AA, Fell MJ, Fiske BK, Fuji RN, Galatsis P, Henry AG, Hill S, Hirst W, Houle C, Kennedy ME, Liu X, Maddess ML, Markgraf C, Mei H, Meier WA, Needle E, Ploch S, Royer C, Rudolph K, Sharma AK, Stepan A, Steyn S, Trost C, Yin Z, Yu H, Wang X, Sherer TB. LRRK2 inhibitors induce reversible changes in nonhuman primate lungs without measurable pulmonary deficits. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/540/eaav0820. [PMID: 32321864 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The kinase-activating mutation G2019S in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is one of the most common genetic causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has spurred development of LRRK2 inhibitors. Preclinical studies have raised concerns about the safety of LRRK2 inhibitors due to histopathological changes in the lungs of nonhuman primates treated with two of these compounds. Here, we investigated whether these lung effects represented on-target pharmacology and whether they were reversible after drug withdrawal in macaques. We also examined whether treatment was associated with pulmonary function deficits. We conducted a 2-week repeat-dose toxicology study in macaques comparing three different LRRK2 inhibitors: GNE-7915 (30 mg/kg, twice daily as a positive control), MLi-2 (15 and 50 mg/kg, once daily), and PFE-360 (3 and 6 mg/kg, once daily). Subsets of animals dosed with GNE-7915 or MLi-2 were evaluated 2 weeks after drug withdrawal for lung function. All compounds induced mild cytoplasmic vacuolation of type II lung pneumocytes without signs of lung degeneration, implicating on-target pharmacology. At low doses of PFE-360 or MLi-2, there was ~50 or 100% LRRK2 inhibition in brain tissue, respectively, but histopathological lung changes were either absent or minimal. The lung effect was reversible after dosing ceased. Lung function tests demonstrated that the histological changes in lung tissue induced by MLi-2 and GNE-7915 did not result in pulmonary deficits. Our results suggest that the observed lung effects in nonhuman primates in response to LRRK2 inhibitors should not preclude clinical testing of these compounds for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A S Baptista
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY 10001, USA.
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ted Barrett
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Sakshi Bhargava
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dianne K Bryce
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Michael Ellis
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian K Fiske
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Reina N Fuji
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paul Galatsis
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sue Hill
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Warren Hirst
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Matthew E Kennedy
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew L Maddess
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carrie Markgraf
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Mei
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Elie Needle
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Karin Rudolph
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | | | - Antonia Stepan
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefan Steyn
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Craig Trost
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Zhizhang Yin
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongshi Yu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Todd B Sherer
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY 10001, USA
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Abstract
Obstruction of the intracranial dural venous sinuses would result in an increase in intracranial dural venous pressure. This intracranial hypertension is not only the result of poor cerebral venous drainage but also life threatening. The aim of this study was to identify the structures, which may show signs of potential venographic filling defect qualities, including trabeculae/septa (also described as "fibrous bands") and arachnoid granulations, which ultimately can lead to increased intracranial dural sinus venous pressure. A total of 102 cadavers and living patients were used for the study. Fifty-three percent of the subjects presented with structures in their transverse sinuses that could be potential venous filling defects. Thirty percent of the subjects presented with arachnoid granulations in the right transverse sinus, which were found to be significantly dominant (Chi-square; p < 0.05). The study also revealed the presence of 1 to 5 septa in 29.4% of the subjects. The septa were found to be more dominant in the central (30%) and lateral (22%) thirds of the right transverse sinuses, while the central third of the left transverse sinus proved to be the least dominant occurring site (8%). In general, the right transverse sinus is highly more significantly dominant in septal occurrence (Chi-square; p < 0.01) than the left transverse sinus. We conclude from the statistical evidence that the right transverse sinus demonstrates significantly more potential venographic filling defects than the left sinus and submit that this information may assist in management options for patients diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension as well as direct future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Strydom
- Department of Anatomy, Section Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Hop C, Cole M, Davidson R, Duignan D, Federico J, Janiszewski J, Jenkins K, Krueger S, Lebowitz R, Liston T, Mitchell W, Snyder M, Steyn S, Soglia J, Taylor C, Troutman M, Umland J, West M, Whalen K, Zelesky V, Zhao S. High Throughput ADME Screening: Practical Considerations, Impact on the Portfolio and Enabler of In Silico ADME Models. Curr Drug Metab 2008; 9:847-53. [DOI: 10.2174/138920008786485092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Steyn SJ, Castagnoli K, Steyn S, Castagnoli N. Selective inhibition of MAO-B through chronic low-dose (R)-deprenyl treatment in C57BL/6 mice has no effect on basal neostriatal dopamine levels. Exp Neurol 2001; 168:434-6. [PMID: 11259132 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
C. Thiffault, L. Lamarre-Théroux, R. Quirion, and J. Poirier (1997, Mol. Brain Res. 44: 238-244) recently reported that chronic treatment of young (12 week old) C57BL/6 mice with (R)-deprenyl, a mechanism-based inactivator of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), leads to a more than fourfold increase in neostriatal dopamine levels. Such an effect could complicate the interpretation of results obtained from mechanistic studies designed to evaluate the putative neuroprotective effects of (R)-deprenyl in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mice. In contrast to the results of Thiffault et al., we have found that neostriatal dopamine levels in mature (32 week old) C57BL/6 mice were unaltered by chronic (R)-deprenyl treatment even though brain monoamine oxidase B activity was reduced by more than 80%. Neostriatal dopamine levels also were unaltered in both young and mature mice when the (R)-deprenyl treatment period was doubled compared to that reported by Thiffault et al. Consequently, studies on the putative neuroprotective properties of (R)-deprenyl in MPTP-lesioned mice are unlikely to be complicated by the possibility that inhibition of MAO-B alone will lead to an increase in neostriatal dopamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Steyn
- Harvey W. Peters Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, USA
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Abstract
Recent positron emission tomography imaging studies have demonstrated a significant decrease in both monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) activities in the brains of smokers. Normal levels of activity are observed in former smokers, suggesting the presence of one or more compounds in tobacco smoke that may inhibit these enzymes. In this paper, we report the results of efforts to identify compounds present in flue-cured tobacco leaves that inhibit MAO. The isolation procedure was guided by estimating the inhibitory properties of tobacco leaf extracts on the liver mitochondrial MAO-B-catalyzed oxidation of 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine to the corresponding dihydropyridinium metabolite. Fractionation of extracts from flue-cured tobacco leaves led to the isolation of a competitive inhibitor of human MAO-A (K(i) = 3 microM) and MAO-B (K(i) = 6 microM), the structure of which could be assigned by classical spectroscopic analysis and confirmed by synthesis. This information may help to provide insights into some aspects of the pharmacology and toxicology of tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, USA
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Altner H, Arvy L, Axelrod J, Bagnara J, Blaise S, Breucker H, Buss H, Clementi F, De Robertis E, De Wied D, Ford D, Fraschini F, Frauchiger E, Gusek W, Holmgren U, Horstmann E, Hungerford G, Jouan P, Kappers JA, Kelly D, Lierse W, Liss L, Miline R, Moll J, Moszkowska A, Müller E, Novales B, Novales R, Oksche A, owman C, Palkovits M, De Iraldi AP, Pomerat† C, Prop N, Quay W, Roth W, Samperez S, Scharenberg K, Steyn S, Steyn W, Thiéblot L, Van De Kamer J, Van Der Wal B, Vaupel-Von Harnack M, Wartenberg H, Wildi E, Wolfe D, Wurtman R, Zanoboni A, Zieher L, Zweens J. List of Contributors. Progress in Brain Research 1965. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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