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Bettin I, Brattini M, Kachoie EA, Capaldi S, Thalappil MA, Bernardi P, Ferrarini I, Fuhrmann G, Mariotto S, Butturini E. Extracellular Vesicles based STAT3 delivery as innovative therapeutic approach to restore STAT3 signaling deficiency. N Biotechnol 2024; 82:43-53. [PMID: 38734368 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as a promising tool for drug delivery because of their natural ability to cross biological barriers, protect their cargo, and target specific cells. Moreover, EVs are not recognized by the immune system as foreign, reducing the risk of an immune response and enhancing biocompatibility. Herein, we proposed an alternative therapeutic strategy to restore STAT3 signaling exploiting STAT3 loaded EVs. This approach could be useful in the treatment of Autosomal Dominant Hyper-IgE Syndrome (AD-HIES), a rare primary immunodeficiency and multisystem disorder due to the presence of mutations in STAT3 gene. These mutations alter the signal transduction of STAT3, thereby impeding Th17 CD4+ cell differentiation that leads to the failure of immune response. We set up a simple and versatile method in which EVs were loaded with fully functional STAT3 protein. Moreover, our method allows to follow the uptake of STAT3 loaded vesicles inside cells due to the presence of EGFP in the EGFP-STAT3 fusion protein construct. Taken together, the data presented in this study could provide the scientific background for the development of new therapeutic strategy aimed to restore STAT3 signaling in STAT3 misfunction associated diseases like AD-HIES. In the future, the administration of fully functional wild type STAT3 to CD4+ T cells of AD-HIES patients might compensate its loss of function and would be beneficial for these patients, lowering the risk of infections, the use of medications, and hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bettin
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Martina Brattini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Elham Ataie Kachoie
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Muhammed Ashiq Thalappil
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Isacco Ferrarini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sofia Mariotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Elena Butturini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Leo G, Leone P, Ataie Kachoie E, Tolomeo M, Galluccio M, Indiveri C, Barile M, Capaldi S. Structural insights into the bifunctional enzyme human FAD synthase. Structure 2024:S0969-2126(24)00132-1. [PMID: 38688286 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Human flavin adenine dinucleotide synthase (hFADS) is a bifunctional, multi-domain enzyme that exhibits both flavin mononucleotide adenylyltransferase and pyrophosphatase activities. Here we report the crystal structure of full-length hFADS2 and its C-terminal PAPS domain in complex with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and dissect the structural determinants underlying the contribution of each individual domain, within isoforms 1 and 2, to each of the two enzymatic activities. Structural and functional characterization performed on complete or truncated constructs confirmed that the C-terminal domain tightly binds FAD and catalyzes its synthesis, while the combination of the N-terminal molybdopterin-binding and KH domains is the minimal essential substructure required for the hydrolysis of FAD and other ADP-containing dinucleotides. hFADS2 associates in a stable C2-symmetric dimer, in which the packing of the KH domain of one protomer against the N-terminal domain of the other creates the adenosine-specific active site responsible for the hydrolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Leo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Piero Leone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Elham Ataie Kachoie
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 4c, 6c, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 4c, 6c, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 4c, 6c, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Sardar S, Caferri R, Camargo FVA, Capaldi S, Ghezzi A, Dall'Osto L, D'Andrea C, Cerullo G, Bassi R. Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Chlorophyll-Binding Sites Modulates Excited-State Lifetime and Chlorophyll-Xanthophyll Energy Transfer in the Monomeric Light-Harvesting Complex CP29. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3149-3158. [PMID: 38478725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We combine site-directed mutagenesis with picosecond time-resolved fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopies to identify excitation energy transfer (EET) processes between chlorophylls (Chls) and xanthophylls (Xant) in the minor antenna complex CP29 assembled inside nanodiscs, which result in quenching. When compared to WT CP29, a longer lifetime was observed in the A2 mutant, missing Chl a612, which closely interacts with Xant Lutein in site L1. Conversely, a shorter lifetime was obtained in the A5 mutant, in which the interaction between Chl a603 and Chl a609 is strengthened, shifting absorption to lower energy and enhancing Chl-Xant EET. Global analysis of TA data indicated that EET from Chl a Qy to a Car dark state S* is active in both the A2 and A5 mutants and that their rate constants are modulated by mutations. Our study provides experimental evidence that multiple Chl-Xant interactions are involved in the quenching activity of CP29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Sardar
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caferri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Franco V A Camargo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Ghezzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Cosimo D'Andrea
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Parolini F, Ataie Kachoie E, Leo G, Civiero L, Bubacco L, Arrigoni G, Munari F, Assfalg M, D'Onofrio M, Capaldi S. Site-Specific Ubiquitination of Tau Amyloids Promoted by the E3 Ligase CHIP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310230. [PMID: 37878393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of Tau are emerging as key players in determining the onset and progression of different tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease, and are recognized to mediate the structural diversity of the disease-specific Tau amyloids. Here we show that the E3 ligase CHIP catalyzes the site-specific ubiquitination of Tau filaments both in vitro and in cellular models, proving that also Tau amyloid aggregates are direct substrate of PTMs. Transmission electron microscopy and mass spectrometry analysis on ubiquitin-modified Tau amyloids revealed that the conformation of the filaments restricts CHIP-mediated ubiquitination to specific positions of the repeat domain, while only minor alterations in the structure of the fibril core were inferred using seeding experiments in vitro and in a cell-based tauopathy model. Overexpression of CHIP significantly increased the ubiquitination of exogenous PHF, proving that the ligase can interact and modify Tau aggregates also in a complex cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Leo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Civiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126, Venice, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Tira R, Viola G, Barracchia CG, Parolini F, Munari F, Capaldi S, Assfalg M, D'Onofrio M. Espresso Coffee Mitigates the Aggregation and Condensation of Alzheimer's Associated Tau Protein. J Agric Food Chem 2023. [PMID: 37466260 PMCID: PMC10401709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Espresso coffee is among the most consumed beverages in the world. Recent studies report a protective activity of the coffee beverage against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease belongs to a group of disorders, called tauopathies, which are characterized by the intraneuronal accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau in fibrillar aggregates. In this work, we characterized by NMR the molecular composition of the espresso coffee extract and identified its main components. We then demonstrated with in vitro and in cell experiments that the whole coffee extract, caffeine, and genistein have biological properties in preventing aggregation, condensation, and seeding activity of the repeat region of tau. We also identified a set of coffee compounds capable of binding to preformed tau fibrils. These results add insights into the neuroprotective potential of espresso coffee and suggest candidate molecular scaffolds for designing therapies targeting monomeric or fibrillized forms of tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tira
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 34134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Viola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 34134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Parolini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 34134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 34134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 34134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 34134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mariapina D'Onofrio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 34134 Verona, Italy
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6
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Viola G, Barracchia CG, Tira R, Parolini F, Leo G, Bellanda M, Munari F, Capaldi S, D’Onofrio M, Assfalg M. New Paradigm for Nano-Bio Interactions: Multimolecular Assembly of a Prototypical Disordered Protein with Ultrasmall Nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2022; 22:8875-8882. [PMID: 36346924 PMCID: PMC9706667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and proteins is crucial for the successful application of NPs in biological contexts. Protein adsorption is dependent on particle size, and protein binding to ultrasmall (1-3 nm) NPs is considered to be generally weak. However, most studies have involved structured biomacromolecules, while the interactions of ultrasmall NPs with intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have remained elusive. IDPs are abundant in eukaryotes and found to associate with NPs intracellularly. As a model system, we focused on ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (usGNPs) and tau, a cytosolic IDP associated with Alzheimer's disease. Using site-resolved NMR, steady-state fluorescence, calorimetry, and circular dichroism, we reveal that tau and usGNPs form stable multimolecular assemblies, representing a new type of nano-bio interaction. Specifically, the observed interaction hot spots explain the influence of usGNPs on tau conformational transitions, with implications for the intracellular targeting of aberrant IDP aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Viola
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Tira
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Leo
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellanda
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Munari
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michael Assfalg
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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7
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Bongianni M, Catalan M, Perra D, Fontana E, Janes F, Bertolotti C, Sacchetto L, Capaldi S, Tagliapietra M, Polverino P, Tommasini V, Bellavita G, Kachoie EA, Baruca R, Bernardini A, Valente M, Fiorini M, Bronzato E, Tamburin S, Bertolasi L, Brozzetti L, Cecchini MP, Gigli G, Monaco S, Manganotti P, Zanusso G. Correction: Olfactory swab sampling optimization for α-synuclein aggregate detection in patients with Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:38. [PMID: 35962443 PMCID: PMC9373435 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Bongianni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Catalan
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniela Perra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Janes
- Neurology Unit, University of Udine Academic Hospital, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Bertolotti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Sacchetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Tagliapietra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Polverino
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Tommasini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Bellavita
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elham Ataie Kachoie
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Baruca
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernardini
- Neurology Unit, University of Udine Academic Hospital, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Michele Fiorini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Erika Bronzato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Bertolasi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brozzetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Cecchini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Gigli
- Neurology Unit, University of Udine Academic Hospital, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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8
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Bongianni M, Catalan M, Perra D, Fontana E, Janes F, Bertolotti C, Sacchetto L, Capaldi S, Tagliapietra M, Polverino P, Tommasini V, Bellavita G, Kachoie EA, Baruca R, Bernardini A, Valente M, Fiorini M, Bronzato E, Tamburin S, Bertolasi L, Brozzetti L, Cecchini MP, Gigli G, Monaco S, Manganotti P, Zanusso G. Olfactory swab sampling optimization for α-synuclein aggregate detection in patients with Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:37. [PMID: 35902902 PMCID: PMC9330656 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) detection of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) in olfactory mucosa (OM) is not as accurate as in other α-synucleinopathies. It is unknown whether these variable results might be related to a different distribution of pathological α-syn in OM. Thus, we investigated whether nasal swab (NS) performed in areas with a different coverage by olfactory neuroepithelium, such as agger nasi (AN) and middle turbinate (MT), might affect the detection of pathological α-syn. METHODS NS was performed in 66 patients with PD and 29 non-PD between September 2018 and April 2021. In 43 patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was also obtained and all samples were analyzed by RT-QuIC for α-syn. RESULTS In the first round, 72 OM samples were collected by NS, from AN (NSAN) or from MT (NSMT), and 35 resulted positive for α-syn RT-QuIC, including 27/32 (84%) from AN, 5/11 (45%) from MT, and 3/29 (10%) belonging to the non-PD patients. Furthermore, 23 additional PD patients underwent NS at both AN and MT, and RT-QuIC revealed α-syn positive in 18/23 (78%) NSAN samples and in 10/23 (44%) NSMT samples. Immunocytochemistry of NS preparations showed a higher representation of olfactory neural cells in NSAN compared to NSMT. We also observed α-syn and phospho-α-syn deposits in NS from PD patients but not in controls. Finally, RT-QuIC was positive in 22/24 CSF samples from PD patients (92%) and in 1/19 non-PD. CONCLUSION In PD patients, RT-QuIC sensitivity is significantly increased (from 45% to 84%) when NS is performed at AN, indicating that α-syn aggregates are preferentially detected in olfactory areas with higher concentration of olfactory neurons. Although RT-QuIC analysis of CSF showed a higher diagnostic accuracy compared to NS, due to the non-invasiveness, NS might be considered as an ancillary procedure for PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Bongianni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Catalan
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniela Perra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Janes
- Neurology Unit, University of Udine Academic Hospital, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Bertolotti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Sacchetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Tagliapietra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Polverino
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Tommasini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Bellavita
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elham Ataie Kachoie
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Baruca
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernardini
- Neurology Unit, University of Udine Academic Hospital, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Michele Fiorini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Erika Bronzato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Bertolasi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brozzetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Cecchini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Gigli
- Neurology Unit, University of Udine Academic Hospital, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Ospedale Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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9
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Barracchia C, Parolini F, Volpe A, Gori D, Munari F, Capaldi S, D’Onofrio M, Assfalg M. Camouflaged Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles Target Aggregates and Condensates of the Amyloidogenic Protein Tau. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1261-1268. [PMID: 35686491 PMCID: PMC9305972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are increasingly found to be associated with irreversible neurodegenerative disorders. The protein tau is a prototypical IDP whose abnormal aggregation into insoluble filaments is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The view has emerged that aggregation may proceed via alternative pathways involving oligomeric intermediates or phase-separated liquid droplets. Nanoparticles (NPs) offer significant potential for probing the mechanisms of protein fibrillation and may be capable of redirecting conformational transitions. Here, we camouflaged dye-doped silica NPs through functionalization with tau molecules to impart them the ability to associate with protein assemblies such as aggregates or condensates. The prepared NP-tau conjugates showed little influence on the aggregation kinetics and morphology of filamentous aggregates of tau but were found to associate with the filaments. Moreover, NP-tau conjugates were recruited and concentrated into polyanion-induced condensates of tau, driven by multivalent electrostatic interactions, thereby illuminating liquid droplets and their time-dependent transformation, as observed by fluorescence microscopy. NP-tau conjugates were capable of entering human neuroglioma cells and were not cytotoxic. Hence, we propose that NP-tau conjugates could serve as nanotracers for in vitro and in-cell studies to target and visualize tau assemblies and condensates, contributing to an explanation for the molecular mechanisms of abnormal protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Munari
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michael Assfalg
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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10
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Sardar S, Caferri R, Camargo FVA, Pamos Serrano J, Ghezzi A, Capaldi S, Dall’Osto L, Bassi R, D’Andrea C, Cerullo G. Molecular mechanisms of light harvesting in the minor antenna CP29 in near-native membrane lipidic environment. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:205101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CP29, a chlorophyll a/ b-xanthophyll binding protein, bridges energy transfer between the major LHCII antenna complexes and photosystem II reaction centers. It hosts one of the two identified quenching sites, making it crucial for regulated photoprotection mechanisms. Until now, the photophysics of CP29 has been studied on the purified protein in detergent solutions since spectrally overlapping signals affect in vivo measurements. However, the protein in detergent assumes non-native conformations compared to its physiological state in the thylakoid membrane. Here, we report a detailed photophysical study on CP29 inserted in discoidal lipid bilayers, known as nanodiscs, which mimic the native membrane environment. Using picosecond time-resolved fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption (TA), we observed shortening of the Chl fluorescence lifetime with a decrease of the carotenoid triplet formation yield for CP29 in nanodiscs as compared to the protein in detergent. Global analysis of TA data suggests a 1Chl* quenching mechanism dependent on excitation energy transfer to a carotenoid dark state, likely the proposed S*, which is believed to be formed due to a carotenoid conformational change affecting the S1 state. We suggest that the accessibility of the S* state in different local environments plays a key role in determining the quenching of Chl excited states. In vivo, non-photochemical quenching is activated by de-epoxidation of violaxanthin into zeaxanthin. CP29-zeaxanthin in nanodiscs further shortens the Chl lifetime, which underlines the critical role of zeaxanthin in modulating photoprotection activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Sardar
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caferri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Franco V. A. Camargo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Javier Pamos Serrano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Ghezzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Dall’Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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11
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Munari F, Mollica L, Valente C, Parolini F, Kachoie EA, Arrigoni G, D'Onofrio M, Capaldi S, Assfalg M. Structural Basis for Chaperone‐Independent Ubiquitination of Tau Protein by Its E3 Ligase CHIP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112374. [PMID: 35107860 PMCID: PMC9303552 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The multi‐site ubiquitination of Tau protein found in Alzheimer's disease filaments hints at the failed attempt of neurons to remove early toxic species. The ubiquitin‐dependent degradation of Tau is regulated in vivo by the E3 ligase CHIP, a quality controller of the cell proteome dedicated to target misfolded proteins for degradation. In our study, by using site‐resolved NMR, biochemical and computational methods, we elucidate the structural determinants underlying the molecular recognition between the ligase and its intrinsically disordered substrate. We reveal a multi‐domain dynamic interaction that explains how CHIP can direct ubiquitination of Tau at multiple sites even in the absence of chaperones, including its typical partner Hsp70/Hsc70. Our findings thus provide mechanistic insight into the chaperone‐independent engagement of a disordered protein by its E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Luca Mollica
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Carlo Valente
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Parolini
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Elham Ataie Kachoie
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
- Proteomics Center University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Mariapina D'Onofrio
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
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12
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Parolini F, Tira R, Barracchia CG, Munari F, Capaldi S, D'Onofrio M, Assfalg M. Ubiquitination of Alzheimer's-related tau protein affects liquid-liquid phase separation in a site- and cofactor-dependent manner. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:173-181. [PMID: 35016968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The formation of biomolecular condensates has emerged as a crucial player both in neuronal physiology and neurodegeneration. Phase separation of the Alzheimer's related protein tau into liquid condensates is facilitated by polyanions and is regulated by post-translational modifications. Given the central role of ubiquitination in proteostasis regulation and signaling, we investigated the behavior of monoubiquitinated tau during formation of condensates. We ubiquitinated the lysine-rich, four-repeat domain of tau either unspecifically via enzymatic conjugation or in a position-specific manner by semisynthesis. Ubiquitin conjugation at specific sites weakened multivalent tau/RNA interactions and disfavored tau/heparin condensation. Yet, heterogeneous ubiquitination was tolerated during phase separation and stabilized droplets against aggregation-linked dissolution. Thus, we demonstrated that cofactor chemistry and site of modification affect the mesoscopic and molecular signatures of ubiquitinated tau condensates. Our findings suggest that ubiquitination could influence the physiological states and pathological transformations of tau in cellular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Tira
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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13
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Munari F, Mollica L, Valente C, Parolini F, Kachoie EA, Arrigoni G, D'Onofrio M, Capaldi S, Assfalg M. Structural Basis for Chaperone‐Independent Ubiquitination of Tau Protein by Its E3 Ligase CHIP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Luca Mollica
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Carlo Valente
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Parolini
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Elham Ataie Kachoie
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
- Proteomics Center University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Mariapina D'Onofrio
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
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14
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Stefani A, Iranzo A, Holzknecht E, Perra D, Bongianni M, Gaig C, Heim B, Serradell M, Sacchetto L, Garrido A, Capaldi S, Sánchez-Gómez A, Cecchini MP, Mariotto S, Ferrari S, Fiorini M, Schmutzhard J, Cocchiara P, Vilaseca I, Brozzetti L, Monaco S, Jose Marti M, Seppi K, Tolosa E, Santamaria J, Högl B, Poewe W, Zanusso G. Alpha-synuclein seeds in olfactory mucosa of patients with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder. Brain 2021; 144:1118-1126. [PMID: 33855335 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is an early-stage α-synucleinopathy in most, if not all, affected subjects. Detection of pathological α-synuclein in peripheral tissues of patients with isolated RBD may identify those progressing to Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies or multiple system atrophy, with the ultimate goal of testing preventive therapies. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) provided evidence of α-synuclein seeding activity in CSF and olfactory mucosa of patients with α-synucleinopathies. The aim of this study was to explore RT-QuIC detection of α-synuclein aggregates in olfactory mucosa of a large cohort of subjects with isolated RBD compared to patients with Parkinson's disease and control subjects. This cross-sectional case-control study was performed at the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain, and the University of Verona, Italy. Olfactory mucosa samples obtained by nasal swab in 63 patients with isolated RBD, 41 matched Parkinson's disease patients and 59 matched control subjects were analysed by α-synuclein RT-QuIC in a blinded fashion at the University of Verona, Italy. Median age of patients with isolated RBD was 70 years, 85.7% were male. All participants were tested for smell, autonomic, cognitive and motor functions. Olfactory mucosa was α-synuclein RT-QuIC positive in 44.4% isolated RBD patients, 46.3% Parkinson's disease patients and 10.2% control subjects. While the sensitivity for isolated RBD plus Parkinson's disease versus controls was 45.2%, specificity was high (89.8%). Among isolated RBD patients with positive α-synuclein RT-QuIC, 78.6% had olfactory dysfunction compared to 21.4% with negative α-synuclein RT-QuIC (P < 0.001). The extent of olfactory dysfunction was more severe in isolated RBD patients positive than negative for olfactory mucosa a-synuclein RT-QuIC (P < 0.001). We provide evidence that the α-synuclein RT-QuIC assay enables the molecular detection of neuronal α-synuclein aggregates in olfactory mucosa of patients with isolated RBD and Parkinson's disease. Although the overall sensitivity was moderate in this study, nasal swabbing is attractive as a simple, non-invasive test and might be useful as part of a screening battery to identify subjects in the prodromal stages of α-synucleinopathies. Further studies are needed to enhance sensitivity, and better understand the temporal dynamics of α-synuclein seeding in the olfactory mucosa and spreading to other brain areas during the progression from isolated RBD to overt α-synucleinopathy, as well the impact of timing, disease subgroups and sampling technique on the overall sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Iranzo
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evi Holzknecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Perra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matilde Bongianni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carles Gaig
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatrice Heim
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monica Serradell
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Sacchetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alicia Garrido
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Maria Paola Cecchini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Fiorini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joachim Schmutzhard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pietro Cocchiara
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Isabel Vilaseca
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBER-RES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Brozzetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Jose Marti
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Santamaria
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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15
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Perra D, Bongianni M, Novi G, Janes F, Bessi V, Capaldi S, Sacchetto L, Tagliapietra M, Schenone G, Morbelli S, Fiorini M, Cattaruzza T, Mazzon G, Orrù CD, Catalan M, Polverino P, Bernardini A, Pellitteri G, Valente M, Bertolotti C, Nacmias B, Maggiore G, Cavallaro T, Manganotti P, Gigli G, Monaco S, Nobili F, Zanusso G. Alpha-synuclein seeds in olfactory mucosa and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab045. [PMID: 33870192 PMCID: PMC8042247 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with suspected dementia with Lewy bodies, the detection of the disease-associated α-synuclein in easily accessible tissues amenable to be collected using minimally invasive procedures remains a major diagnostic challenge. This approach has the potential to take advantage of modern molecular assays for the diagnosis of α-synucleinopathy and, in turn, to optimize the recruitment and selection of patients in clinical trials, using drugs directed at counteracting α-synuclein aggregation. In this study, we explored the diagnostic accuracy of α-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion assay by testing olfactory mucosa and CSF in patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable (n = 32) or prodromal (n = 5) dementia with Lewy bodies or mixed degenerative dementia (dementia with Lewy bodies/Alzheimer's disease) (n = 6). Thirty-eight patients with non-α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (n = 10), sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n = 10), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 8), corticobasal syndrome (n = 1), fronto-temporal dementia (n = 3) and other neurological conditions (n = 6) were also included, as controls. All 81 patients underwent olfactory swabbing while CSF was obtained in 48 participants. At the initial blinded screening of olfactory mucosa samples, 38 out of 81 resulted positive while CSF was positive in 19 samples out of 48 analysed. After unblinding of the results, 27 positive olfactory mucosa were assigned to patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies, five with prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies and three to patients with mixed dementia, as opposed to three out 38 controls. Corresponding results of CSF testing disclosed 10 out 10 positive samples in patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies and six out of six with mixed dementia, in addition to three out of 32 for controls. The accuracy among results of real-time quaking-induced conversion assays and clinical diagnoses was 86.4% in the case of olfactory mucosa and 93.8% for CSF. For the first time, we showed that α-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion assay detects α-synuclein aggregates in olfactory mucosa of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and with mixed dementia. Additionally, we provided preliminary evidence that the combined testing of olfactory mucosa and CSF raised the concordance with clinical diagnosis potentially to 100%. Our results suggest that nasal swabbing might be considered as a first-line screening procedure in patients with a diagnosis of suspected dementia with Lewy bodies followed by CSF analysis, as a confirmatory test, when the result in the olfactory mucosa is incongruent with the initial clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Perra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matilde Bongianni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Novi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Janes
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, 50134 University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Sacchetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Tagliapietra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Schenone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Fiorini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Tatiana Cattaruzza
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzon
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Christina D Orrù
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, 59840 Montana, USA
| | - Mauro Catalan
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Polverino
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernardini
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gaia Pellitteri
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Valente
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Bertolotti
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera- Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Maggiore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cavallaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Gigli
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child health (DINOGMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
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16
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Perduca M, Destefanis L, Bovi M, Galliano M, Munari F, Assfalg M, Ferrari F, Monaco HL, Capaldi S. Structure and properties of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) lectin. Glycobiology 2020; 30:550-562. [PMID: 31985778 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus Lectin (POL) is a 353 amino acid chain lectin that can be purified from the fruiting bodies of the very well-known and widely diffused edible oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus). The lectin has been partially characterized by different groups and, although it was crystallized about 20 years ago, its 3D structure and the details of its interactions with carbohydrates are still unknown. This paper reports the 3D structure and ligand-binding properties of POL. We have determined the X-ray structure of the apo-protein purified from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom and that of the recombinant protein in complex with melibiose to a resolution of about 2 Å. The lectin is a homodimer in which the two polypeptide chains are linked by a disulfide bridge. A POL monomer is composed of two highly homologous β-jellyroll domains each of which containing a calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding site. A high degree of sequence similarity is observed between the two carbohydrate-binding modules present in each monomer. The structure of the lectin in complex with melibiose reveals that a POL dimer has four calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding sites. The interaction with sugars in solution has been characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry and saturation transfer difference NMR and it sheds new light on the molecular determinants of POL specificity. The lectin exhibits in vitro antiproliferative effects against human cancer cell lines and presents structural similarity with the prototype member of the CBM67 family, the noncatalytic domain of Streptomyces avermitilis α-rhamnosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Perduca
- Biocrystallography and Nanostructure Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Destefanis
- Biocrystallography and Nanostructure Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Bovi
- Biocrystallography and Nanostructure Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Galliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine via Taramelli 3b, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Munari
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Medicine via Taramelli 3b, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Hugo L Monaco
- Biocrystallography and Nanostructure Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography and Nanostructure Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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17
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Munari F, Barracchia CG, Franchin C, Parolini F, Capaldi S, Romeo A, Bubacco L, Assfalg M, Arrigoni G, D'Onofrio M. Semisynthetic and Enzyme‐Mediated Conjugate Preparations Illuminate the Ubiquitination‐Dependent Aggregation of Tau Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Munari
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Carlo G. Barracchia
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
- Proteomics CenterUniversity of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Francesca Parolini
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Alessandro Romeo
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
- Proteomics CenterUniversity of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Mariapina D'Onofrio
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
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18
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Munari F, Barracchia CG, Franchin C, Parolini F, Capaldi S, Romeo A, Bubacco L, Assfalg M, Arrigoni G, D'Onofrio M. Semisynthetic and Enzyme‐Mediated Conjugate Preparations Illuminate the Ubiquitination‐Dependent Aggregation of Tau Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6607-6611. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Munari
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Carlo G. Barracchia
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
- Proteomics CenterUniversity of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Francesca Parolini
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Alessandro Romeo
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
- Proteomics CenterUniversity of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Mariapina D'Onofrio
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
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19
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Fiorini M, Iselle G, Perra D, Bongianni M, Capaldi S, Sacchetto L, Ferrari S, Mombello A, Vascellari S, Testi S, Monaco S, Zanusso G. High Diagnostic Accuracy of RT-QuIC Assay in a Prospective Study of Patients with Suspected sCJD. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030880. [PMID: 32019068 PMCID: PMC7038328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The early and accurate in vivo diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is essential in order to differentiate CJD from treatable rapidly progressive dementias. Diagnostic investigations supportive of clinical CJD diagnosis include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), 14-3-3 protein detection, and/or real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay positivity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or in other tissues. The total CSF tau protein concentration has also been used in a clinical setting for improving the CJD diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. We analyzed 182 CSF samples and 42 olfactory mucosa (OM) brushings from patients suspected of having sCJD with rapidly progressive dementia (RPD), in order to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 14-3-3, the total tau protein, and the RT-QuIC assay. A probable and definite sCJD diagnosis was assessed in 102 patients. The RT-QuIC assay on the CSF samples showed a 100% specificity and a 96% sensitivity, significantly higher compared with 14-3-3 (84% sensitivity and 46% specificity) and tau (85% sensitivity and 70% specificity); however, the combination of RT-QuIC testing of the CSF and OM samples resulted in 100% sensitivity and specificity, proving a significantly higher accuracy of RT-QuIC compared with the surrogate biomarkers in the diagnostic setting of patients with RPD. Moreover, we showed that CSF blood contamination or high protein levels might interfere with RT-QuIC seeding. In conclusion, we provided further evidence that the inclusion of an RT-QuIC assay of the CSF and OM in the diagnostic criteria for sCJD has radically changed the clinical approach towards the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiorini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.I.); (D.P.); (M.B.); (S.F.); (S.T.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Iselle
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.I.); (D.P.); (M.B.); (S.F.); (S.T.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Daniela Perra
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.I.); (D.P.); (M.B.); (S.F.); (S.T.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Matilde Bongianni
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.I.); (D.P.); (M.B.); (S.F.); (S.T.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Sacchetto
- Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.I.); (D.P.); (M.B.); (S.F.); (S.T.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Aldo Mombello
- Diagnostics and Public Health Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Sarah Vascellari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Silvia Testi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.I.); (D.P.); (M.B.); (S.F.); (S.T.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.I.); (D.P.); (M.B.); (S.F.); (S.T.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.I.); (D.P.); (M.B.); (S.F.); (S.T.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
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20
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Capelli D, Parravicini C, Pochetti G, Montanari R, Temporini C, Rabuffetti M, Trincavelli ML, Daniele S, Fumagalli M, Saporiti S, Bonfanti E, Abbracchio MP, Eberini I, Ceruti S, Calleri E, Capaldi S. Surface Plasmon Resonance as a Tool for Ligand Binding Investigation of Engineered GPR17 Receptor, a G Protein Coupled Receptor Involved in Myelination. Front Chem 2020; 7:910. [PMID: 31998697 PMCID: PMC6966494 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy for the measurement of real-time ligand-binding affinities and kinetic parameters for GPR17, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) of major interest in medicinal chemistry as potential target in demyelinating diseases. The receptor was directly captured, in a single-step, from solubilized membrane extracts on the sensor chip through a covalently bound anti-6x-His-antibody and retained its ligand binding activity for over 24 h. Furthermore, our experimental setup made possible, after a mild regeneration step, to remove the bound receptor without damaging the antibody, and thus to reuse many times the same chip. Two engineered variants of GPR17, designed for crystallographic studies, were expressed in insect cells, extracted from crude membranes and analyzed for their binding with two high affinity ligands: the antagonist Cangrelor and the agonist Asinex 1. The calculated kinetic parameters and binding constants of ligands were in good agreement with those reported from activity assays and highlighted a possible functional role of the N-terminal residues of the receptor in ligand recognition and binding. Validation of SPR results was obtained by docking and molecular dynamics of GPR17-ligands interactions and by functional in vitro studies. The latter allowed us to confirm that Asinex 1 behaves as GPR17 receptor agonist, inhibits forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase pathway and promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and myelinating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Parravicini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Rabuffetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Saporiti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bonfanti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P Abbracchio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Data Science Research Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ceruti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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21
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Bongianni M, Ladogana A, Capaldi S, Klotz S, Baiardi S, Cagnin A, Perra D, Fiorini M, Poleggi A, Legname G, Cattaruzza T, Janes F, Tabaton M, Ghetti B, Monaco S, Kovacs GG, Parchi P, Pocchiari M, Zanusso G. α-Synuclein RT-QuIC assay in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2120-2126. [PMID: 31599499 PMCID: PMC6801172 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We applied RT-QuIC assay to detect α-synuclein aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease who had a neuropathological diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 7), other neurodegenerative diseases with α-synuclein mixed pathology (n = 20), or without Lewy-related pathology (n = 49). The test had a sensitivity of 92.9% and specificity of 95.9% in distinguishing α-synucleinopathies from non-α-synucleinopathies. When performed in the CSF of patients with DLB (n = 36), RT-QuIC was positive in 17/20 with probable DLB, 0/6 with possible DLB, and 0/10 with Alzheimer disease. These results indicate that RT-QuIC for α-synuclein is an accurate test for DLB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Bongianni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Ladogana
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sigrid Klotz
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Baiardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Perra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Fiorini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Poleggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Tatiana Cattaruzza
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Janes
- Neurology Unit, University of Udine Academic Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Massimo Tabaton
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Unit of Geriatric Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
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22
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Tolö J, Taschenberger G, Leite K, Stahlberg MA, Spehlbrink G, Kues J, Munari F, Capaldi S, Becker S, Zweckstetter M, Dean C, Bähr M, Kügler S. Pathophysiological Consequences of Neuronal α-Synuclein Overexpression: Impacts on Ion Homeostasis, Stress Signaling, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Electrical Activity. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:49. [PMID: 29563864 PMCID: PMC5845890 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is intimately linked to the etiology of Parkinson's Disease, as mutations and even subtle increases in gene dosage result in early onset of the disease. However, how this protein causes neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration is incompletely understood. We thus examined a comprehensive range of physiological parameters in cultured rat primary neurons overexpressing α-Syn at levels causing a slowly progressive neurodegeneration. In contradiction to earlier reports from non-neuronal assay systems we demonstrate that α-Syn does not interfere with essential ion handling capacities, mitochondrial capability of ATP production or basic electro-physiological properties like resting membrane potential or the general ability to generate action potentials. α-Syn also does not activate canonical stress kinase Signaling converging on SAPK/Jun, p38 MAPK or Erk kinases. Causative for α-Syn-induced neurodegeneration are mitochondrial thiol oxidation and activation of caspases downstream of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, leading to apoptosis-like cell death execution with some unusual aspects. We also aimed to elucidate neuroprotective strategies counteracting the pathophysiological processes caused by α-Syn. Neurotrophic factors, calpain inhibition and increased lysosomal protease capacity showed no protective effects against α-Syn overexpression. In contrast, the major watchdog of outer mitochondrial membrane integrity, Bcl-Xl, was capable of almost completely preventing neuron death, but did not prevent mitochondrial thiol oxidation. Importantly, independent from the quite mono-causal induction of neurotoxicity, α-Syn causes diminished excitability of neurons by external stimuli and robust impairments in endogenous neuronal network activity by decreasing the frequency of action potentials generated without external stimulation. This latter finding suggests that α-Syn can induce neuronal dysfunction independent from its induction of neurotoxicity and might serve as an explanation for functional deficits that precede neuronal cell loss in synucleopathies like Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Tolö
- Department of Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Grit Taschenberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Leite
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus A Stahlberg
- European Neuroscience Institute, Department of Transsynaptic Signaling, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesche Spehlbrink
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janina Kues
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francesca Munari
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Camin Dean
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany.,European Neuroscience Institute, Department of Transsynaptic Signaling, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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D'Onofrio M, Zanzoni S, Munari F, Monaco HL, Assfalg M, Capaldi S. The long variant of human ileal bile acid-binding protein associated with colorectal cancer exhibits sub-cellular localization and lipid binding behaviour distinct from those of the common isoform. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2315-2324. [PMID: 28689989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileal bile acid-binding protein, IBABP, participates in the intracellular trafficking of bile salts and influences their signaling activities. The recently discovered variant, IBABP-L, bearing an N-terminal 49-amino acid extension, was found to be associated with colorectal cancer and to protect cancer cells from the cytotoxic effects of deoxycholate. However, the precise function and the molecular properties of this variant are currently unknown. METHODS Bioinformatics tools and confocal microscopy were used to investigate the sub-cellular localization of IBABP-L; protein dynamics, ligand binding and interaction with membrane models were studied by 2D NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. RESULTS Based on sub-cellular localization experiments we conclude that IBABP-L is targeted to the secretory pathway by a 24-residue signal peptide and, upon its cleavage, the mature protein is constitutively released into the extracellular space. Site-resolved NMR experiments indicated the distinct preference of primary and secondary bile salts to form either heterotypic or homotypic complexes with IBABP-L. The presence of the relatively dynamic N-terminal extension, originating only subtle conformational perturbations in the globular domain, was found to influence binding site occupation in IBABP-L as compared to IBABP. Even more pronounced differences were found in the tendency of the two variants to associate with phospholipid bilayers. CONCLUSIONS IBABP-L exhibits different sub-cellular localization, ligand-binding properties and membrane interaction propensity compared to the canonical short isoform. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results constitute an essential first step towards an understanding of the role of IBABP-L in bile salt trafficking and signaling under healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapina D'Onofrio
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Zanzoni
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Munari
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Hugo L Monaco
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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24
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Bongianni M, Orrù C, Groveman BR, Sacchetto L, Fiorini M, Tonoli G, Triva G, Capaldi S, Testi S, Ferrari S, Cagnin A, Ladogana A, Poleggi A, Colaizzo E, Tiple D, Vaianella L, Castriciano S, Marchioni D, Hughson AG, Imperiale D, Cattaruzza T, Fabrizi GM, Pocchiari M, Monaco S, Caughey B, Zanusso G. Diagnosis of Human Prion Disease Using Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Testing of Olfactory Mucosa and Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:155-162. [PMID: 27942718 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.4614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Early and accurate in vivo diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is necessary for quickly distinguishing treatable from untreatable rapidly progressive dementias and for future therapeutic trials. This early diagnosis is becoming possible using the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) seeding assay, which detects minute amounts of the disease-specific pathologic prion protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or olfactory mucosa (OM) samples. Objective To develop an algorithm for accurate and early diagnosis of CJD by using the RT-QuIC assay on CSF samples, OM samples, or both. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case-control study, samples of CSF and OM were collected from 86 patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable (n = 51), possible (n = 24), or suspected (n = 11) CJD and 104 negative control samples (54 CSF and 50 OM). The CSF and OM samples were analyzed using conventional RT-QuIC. The CSF samples underwent further testing using improved RT-QuIC conditions. In addition, the diagnostic performance of a novel, easy-to-use, gentle flocked swab for sampling of OM was evaluated. Data were collected from January 1 to June 30, 2015. Main Outcome and Measures Correlations between RT-QuIC results and the final diagnosis of recruited patients. Results Among the 86 patients (37 men [43%] and 49 women [57%]; mean [SD] age, 65.7 [11.5] years) included for analysis, all 61 patients with sporadic CJD had positive RT-QuIC findings using OM or CSF samples or both for an overall RT-QuIC diagnostic sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 93%-100%). All patients with a final diagnosis of non-prion disease (71 CSF and 67 OM samples) had negative RT-QuIC findings for 100% specificity (95% CI, 94%-100%). Of 8 symptomatic patients with various mutations causing CJD or Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, 6 had positive and 2 had negative RT-QuIC findings for a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI, 36%-96%). Conclusions and Relevance A proposed diagnostic algorithm for sporadic CJD combines CSF and OM RT-QuIC testing to provide virtually 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the clinical phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Bongianni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Christina Orrù
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Bradley R Groveman
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Luca Sacchetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology, and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Fiorini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonoli
- Struttura Complessa di Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Rovigo, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Testi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Annachiara Cagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy8Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Anna Ladogana
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Poleggi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Colaizzo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Dorina Tiple
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Vaianella
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Marchioni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology, and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrew G Hughson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | | | | | - Gian Maria Fabrizi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pocchiari
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
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25
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Pinnola A, Staleva-Musto H, Capaldi S, Ballottari M, Bassi R, Polívka T. Electron transfer between carotenoid and chlorophyll contributes to quenching in the LHCSR1 protein from Physcomitrella patens. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1857:1870-1878. [PMID: 27614061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants harvest photons for photosynthesis using light-harvesting complexes (LHCs)-an array of chlorophyll proteins that can reversibly switch from harvesting to energy-dissipation mode to prevent over-excitation and damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. In unicellular algae and lower plants this process requires the LHCSR proteins which senses over-acidification of the lumen trough protonatable residues exposed to the thylakoid lumen to activate quenching reactions. Further activation is provided by replacement of the violaxanthin ligand with its de-epoxidized product, zeaxanthin, also induced by excess light. We have produced the ppLHCSR1 protein from Physcomitrella patens by over-expression in tobacco and purified it in either its violaxanthin- or the zeaxanthin-binding form with the aim of analyzing their spectroscopic properties at either neutral or acidic pH. Using femtosecond spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the energy dissipation is achieved by two distinct quenching mechanism which are both activated by low pH. The first is present in both ppLHCSR1-Vio and ppLHCSR1-Zea and is characterized by 30-40ps time constant. The spectrum of the quenching product is reminiscent of a carotenoid radical cation, suggesting that the pH-induced quenching mechanism is likely electron transfer from the carotenoid to the excited Chl a. In addition, a second quenching channel populating the S1 state of carotenoid via energy transfer from Chl is found exclusively in the ppLHCSR1-Zea at pH5. These results provide proof of principle that more than one quenching mechanism may operate in the LHC superfamily and also help understanding the photoprotective role of LHCSR proteins and the evolution of LHC antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Hristina Staleva-Musto
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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26
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Sadaf A, Mortensen JS, Capaldi S, Tikhonova E, Hariharan P, de Castro Ribeiro O, Loland CJ, Guan L, Byrne B, Chae PS. A Class of Rigid Linker-bearing Glucosides for Membrane Protein Structural Study. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1933-1939. [PMID: 27110345 PMCID: PMC4836865 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02900g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel glycoside amphiphile (NDT-C11) displays favorable behavior in maintaining both protein stability and conformational flexibility compared to DDM and MNG-3.
Membrane proteins are amphipathic bio-macromolecules incompatible with the polar environments of aqueous media. Conventional detergents encapsulate the hydrophobic surfaces of membrane proteins allowing them to exist in aqueous solution. Membrane proteins stabilized by detergent micelles are used for structural and functional analysis. Despite the availability of a large number of detergents, only a few agents are sufficiently effective at maintaining the integrity of membrane proteins to allow successful crystallization. In the present study, we describe a novel class of synthetic amphiphiles with a branched tail group and a triglucoside head group. These head and tail groups were connected via an amide or ether linkage by using a tris(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) or neopentyl glycol (NPG) linker to produce TRIS-derived triglucosides (TDTs) and NPG-derived triglucosides (NDTs), respectively. Members of this class conferred enhanced stability on target membrane proteins compared to conventional detergents. Because of straightforward synthesis of the novel agents and their favourable effects on a range of membrane proteins, these agents should be of wide applicability to membrane protein science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Sadaf
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London, SW7 2AZ (UK) ; Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona (Italy)
| | - Elena Tikhonova
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences
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Pinnola A, Ghin L, Gecchele E, Merlin M, Alboresi A, Avesani L, Pezzotti M, Capaldi S, Cazzaniga S, Bassi R. Heterologous expression of moss light-harvesting complex stress-related 1 (LHCSR1), the chlorophyll a-xanthophyll pigment-protein complex catalyzing non-photochemical quenching, in Nicotiana sp. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24340-54. [PMID: 26260788 PMCID: PMC4591818 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.668798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms evolved mechanisms for thermal dissipation of energy absorbed in excess to prevent formation of reactive oxygen species. The major and fastest component, called non-photochemical quenching, occurs within the photosystem II antenna system by the action of two essential light-harvesting complex (LHC)-like proteins, photosystem II subunit S (PSBS) in plants and light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR) in green algae and diatoms. In the evolutionary intermediate Physcomitrella patens, a moss, both gene products are active. These proteins, which are present in low amounts, are difficult to purify, preventing structural and functional analysis. Here, we report on the overexpression of the LHCSR1 protein from P. patens in the heterologous systems Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum using transient and stable nuclear transformation. We show that the protein accumulated in both heterologous systems is in its mature form, localizes in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes, and is correctly folded with chlorophyll a and xanthophylls but without chlorophyll b, an essential chromophore for plants and algal LHC proteins. Finally, we show that recombinant LHCSR1 is active in quenching in vivo, implying that the recombinant protein obtained is a good material for future structural and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Pinnola
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ghin
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Gecchele
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matilde Merlin
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alboresi
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Linda Avesani
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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28
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Capaldi S, Faggion B, Carrizo ME, Destefanis L, Gonzalez MC, Perduca M, Bovi M, Galliano M, Monaco HL. Three-dimensional structure and ligand-binding site of carp fishelectin (FEL). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1123-35. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715004174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carp FEL (fishelectin or fish-egg lectin) is a 238-amino-acid lectin that can be purified from fish eggs by exploiting its selective binding to Sepharose followed by elution withN-acetylglucosamine. Its amino-acid sequence and other biochemical properties have previously been reported. The glycoprotein has four disulfide bridges and the structure of the oligosaccharides linked to Asn27 has been described. Here, the three-dimensional structures of apo carp FEL (cFEL) and of its complex withN-acetylglucosamine determined by X-ray crystallography at resolutions of 1.35 and 1.70 Å, respectively, are reported. The molecule folds as a six-bladed β-propeller and internal short consensus amino-acid sequences have been identified in all of the blades. A calcium atom binds at the bottom of the funnel-shaped tunnel located in the centre of the propeller. Two ligand-binding sites, α and β, are present in each of the two protomers in the dimer. The first site, α, is closer to the N-terminus of the chain and is located in the crevice between the second and the third blades, while the second site, β, is located between the fourth and the fifth blades. The amino acids that participate in the contacts have been identified, as well as the conserved water molecules in all of the sites. Both sites can bind the two anomers, α and β, ofN-acetylglucosamine, as is clearly recognizable in the electron-density maps. The lectin presents sequence homology to members of the tachylectin family, which are known to have a function in the innate immune system of arthropods, and homologous genes are present in the genomes of other fish and amphibians. This structure is the first of a protein of this group and, given the degree of homology with other members of the family, it is expected that it will be useful to experimentally determine other crystal structures using the coordinates of cFEL as a search probe in molecular replacement.
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29
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Perduca M, Bovi M, Bertinelli M, Bertini E, Destefanis L, Carrizo ME, Capaldi S, Monaco HL. High-resolution structures of mutants of residues that affect access to the ligand-binding cavity of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:2125-38. [PMID: 25084332 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714012462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of the 9,11-endoperoxide group of PGH2 (prostaglandin H2) to produce PGD2 (prostaglandin D2) with 9-hydroxy and 11-keto groups. The product of the reaction, PGD2, is the precursor of several metabolites involved in many regulatory events. L-PGDS, the first member of the important lipocalin family to be recognized as an enzyme, is also able to bind and transport small hydrophobic molecules and was formerly known as β-trace protein, the second most abundant protein in human cerebrospinal fluid. Previous structural work on the mouse and human proteins has focused on the identification of the amino acids responsible and the proposal of a mechanism for catalysis. In this paper, the X-ray structures of the apo and holo forms (bound to PEG) of the C65A mutant of human L-PGDS at 1.40 Å resolution and of the double mutant C65A/K59A at 1.60 Å resolution are reported. The apo forms of the double mutants C65A/W54F and C65A/W112F and the triple mutant C65A/W54F/W112F have also been studied. Mutation of the lysine residue does not seem to affect the binding of PEG to the ligand-binding cavity, and mutation of a single or both tryptophans appears to have the same effect on the position of these two aromatic residues at the entrance to the cavity. A solvent molecule has also been identified in an invariant position in the cavity of virtually all of the molecules present in the nine asymmetric units of the crystals that have been examined. Taken together, these observations indicate that the residues that have been mutated indeed appear to play a role in the entrance-exit process of the substrate and/or other ligands into/out of the binding cavity of the lipocalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Perduca
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Bovi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mattia Bertinelli
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertini
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Destefanis
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria E Carrizo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CP 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Hugo L Monaco
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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30
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Plotegher N, Kumar D, Tessari I, Brucale M, Munari F, Tosatto L, Belluzzi E, Greggio E, Bisaglia M, Capaldi S, Aioanei D, Mammi S, Monaco HL, Samo B, Bubacco L. The chaperone-like protein 14-3-3η interacts with human α-synuclein aggregation intermediates rerouting the amyloidogenic pathway and reducing α-synuclein cellular toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5615-29. [PMID: 24895406 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the abnormal neuronal accumulation of α-synuclein (aS) leading to β-sheet-rich aggregates called Lewy Bodies (LBs). Moreover, single point mutation in aS gene and gene multiplication lead to autosomal dominant forms of PD. A connection between PD and the 14-3-3 chaperone-like proteins was recently proposed, based on the fact that some of the 14-3-3 isoforms can interact with genetic PD-associated proteins such as parkin, LRRK2 and aS and were found as components of LBs in human PD. In particular, a direct interaction between 14-3-3η and aS was reported when probed by co-immunoprecipitation from cell models, from parkinsonian brains and by surface plasmon resonance in vitro. However, the mechanisms through which 14-3-3η and aS interact in PD brains remain unclear. Herein, we show that while 14-3-3η is unable to bind monomeric aS, it interacts with aS oligomers which occur during the early stages of aS aggregation. This interaction diverts the aggregation process even when 14-3-3η is present in sub-stoichiometric amounts relative to aS. When aS level is overwhelmingly higher than that of 14-3-3η, the fibrillation process becomes a sequestration mechanism for 14-3-3η, undermining all processes governed by this protein. Using a panel of complementary techniques, we single out the stage of aggregation at which the aS/14-3-3η interaction occurs, characterize the products of the resulting processes, and show how the processes elucidated in vitro are relevant in cell models. Our findings constitute a first step in elucidating the molecular mechanism of aS/14-3-3η interaction and in understanding the critical aggregation step at which 14-3-3η has the potential to rescue aS-induced cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marco Brucale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, ISMN-National Council of Research, Rome, Italy and
| | - Francesca Munari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniel Aioanei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hugo L Monaco
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Samo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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31
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Avesani L, Merlin M, Gecchele E, Capaldi S, Brozzetti A, Falorni A, Pezzotti M. Comparative analysis of different biofactories for the production of a major diabetes autoantigen. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:281-91. [PMID: 24142387 PMCID: PMC3951962 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The 65-kDa isoform of human glutamic acid decarboxylase (hGAD65) is a major diabetes autoantigen that can be used for the diagnosis and (more recently) the treatment of autoimmune diabetes. We previously reported that a catalytically-inactive version (hGAD65mut) accumulated to tenfold higher levels than its active counterpart in transgenic tobacco plants, providing a safe and less expensive source of the protein compared to mammalian production platforms. Here we show that hGAD65mut is also produced at higher levels than hGAD65 by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana (using either the pK7WG2 or MagnICON vectors), in insect cells using baculovirus vectors, and in bacterial cells using an inducible-expression system, although the latter system is unsuitable because hGAD65mut accumulates within inclusion bodies. The most productive of these platforms was the MagnICON system, which achieved yields of 78.8 μg/g fresh leaf weight (FLW) but this was substantially less than the best-performing elite transgenic tobacco plants, which reached 114.3 μg/g FLW after six generations of self-crossing. The transgenic system was found to be the most productive and cost-effective although the breeding process took 3 years to complete. The MagnICON system was less productive overall, but generated large amounts of protein in a few days. Both plant-based systems were therefore advantageous over the baculovirus-based production platform in our hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matilde Merlin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Gecchele
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Falorni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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32
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De Berti FP, Capaldi S, Ferreyra R, Burgardt N, Acierno JP, Klinke S, Monaco HL, Ermácora MR. The crystal structure of sterol carrier protein 2 from Yarrowia lipolytica and the evolutionary conservation of a large, non-specific lipid-binding cavity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 14:145-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10969-013-9166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Chae PS, Rana RR, Gotfryd K, Rasmussen SGF, Kruse AC, Cho KH, Capaldi S, Carlsson E, Kobilka B, Loland CJ, Gether U, Banerjee S, Byrne B, Lee JK, Gellman SH. Glucose-neopentyl glycol (GNG) amphiphiles for membrane protein study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2287-9. [PMID: 23165475 PMCID: PMC3578972 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36844g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new class of surfactants for membrane protein manipulation, "GNG amphiphiles", is reported. These amphiphiles display promising behavior for membrane proteins, as demonstrated recently by the high resolution structure of a sodium-pumping pyrophosphatase reported by Kellosalo et al. (Science, 2012, 337, 473).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
| | - Rohini R. Rana
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew C. Kruse
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Emil Carlsson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Brian Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John K. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Bovi M, Cenci L, Perduca M, Capaldi S, Carrizo ME, Civiero L, Chiarelli LR, Galliano M, Monaco HL. BEL -trefoil: A novel lectin with antineoplastic properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms. Glycobiology 2012; 23:578-92. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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35
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Risso VA, Acierno JP, Capaldi S, Monaco HL, Ermácora MR. X-ray evidence of a native state with increased compactness populated by tryptophan-less B. licheniformis β-lactamase. Protein Sci 2012; 21:964-76. [PMID: 22496053 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
β-lactamases confer antibiotic resistance, one of the most serious world-wide health problems, and are an excellent theoretical and experimental model in the study of protein structure, dynamics and evolution. Bacillus licheniformis exo-small penicillinase (ESP) is a Class-A β-lactamase with three tryptophan residues located in the protein core. Here, we report the 1.7-Å resolution X-ray structure, catalytic parameters, and thermodynamic stability of ESP(ΔW), an engineered mutant of ESP in which phenylalanine replaces the wild-type tryptophan residues. The structure revealed no qualitative conformational changes compared with thirteen previously reported structures of B. licheniformis β-lactamases (RMSD = 0.4-1.2 Å). However, a closer scrutiny showed that the mutations result in an overall more compact structure, with most atoms shifted toward the geometric center of the molecule. Thus, ESP(ΔW) has a significantly smaller radius of gyration (R(g)) than the other B. licheniformis β-lactamases characterized so far. Indeed, ESP(ΔW) has the smallest R(g) among 126 Class-A β-lactamases in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Other measures of compactness, like the number of atoms in fixed volumes and the number and average of noncovalent distances, confirmed the effect. ESP(ΔW) proves that the compactness of the native state can be enhanced by protein engineering and establishes a new lower limit to the compactness of the Class-A β-lactamase fold. As the condensation achieved by the native state is a paramount notion in protein folding, this result may contribute to a better understanding of how the sequence determines the conformational variability and thermodynamic stability of a given fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Risso
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 325, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bovi M, Carrizo ME, Capaldi S, Perduca M, Chiarelli LR, Galliano M, Monaco HL. Structure of a lectin with antitumoral properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1000-9. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Civiero L, Capaldi S, Perduca M, Monaco HL. Expression, purification and crystallization of human bile acid-coA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT). Acta Crystallogr A 2009. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767309096834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tarter M, Capaldi S, Carrizo ME, Ambrosi E, Perduca M, Monaco HL. Crystal structure of human cellular retinol-binding protein II to 1.2 Å resolution. Proteins 2007; 70:1626-30. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Capaldi S, Guariento M, Saccomani G, Fessas D, Perduca M, Monaco HL. A single amino acid mutation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver bile acid-binding protein can change the stoichiometry of ligand binding. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:31008-18. [PMID: 17670743 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705399200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In all of the liver bile acid-binding proteins (L-BABPs) studied so far, it has been found that the stoichiometry of binding is of two cholate molecules per internal binding site. In this paper, we describe the expression, purification, crystallization, and three-dimensional structure determination of zebrafish (Danio rerio) L-BABP to 1.5A resolution, which is currently the highest available for a protein of this family. Since we have found that in zebrafish, the stoichiometry of binding in the protein cavity is of only one cholate molecule per wild type L-BABP, we examined the role of two crucial amino acids present in the binding site. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have prepared, crystallized, and determined the three-dimensional structure of co-crystals of two mutants. The mutant G55R has the same stoichiometry of binding as the wild type protein, whereas the C91T mutant changes the stoichiometry of binding from one to two ligand molecules in the cavity and therefore appears to be more similar to the other members of the L-BABP family. Based on the presence or absence of a single disulfide bridge, it can be postulated that fish should bind a single cholate molecule, whereas amphibians and higher vertebrates should bind two. Isothermal titration calorimetry has also revealed the presence in the wild type protein and the G55R mutant of an additional binding site, different from the first and probably located on the surface of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Science and Technology, University of Verona, Ca Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Capaldi S, Perduca M, Faggion B, Carrizo ME, Tava A, Ragona L, Monaco HL. Crystal structure of the anticarcinogenic Bowman-Birk inhibitor from snail medic (Medicago scutellata) seeds complexed with bovine trypsin. J Struct Biol 2006; 158:71-9. [PMID: 17142058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the ternary complex of the anticarcinogenic Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor purified from snail medic (Medicago scutellata) seeds (MSTI) and two molecules of bovine trypsin has been solved by X-ray diffraction analysis of single crystals to a resolution of 2.0 A. This is the highest resolution model of a ternary complex of this type currently available. The two binding loops of the MSTI differ in only one amino acid and have in both cases an arginine in position P1. The distances between the residues of the inhibitor at the binding interface and the trypsin side chains that recognize them are almost identical in the two sites. When compared to the NMR model of the uncomplexed MSTI, the inhibitor in the functional assembly with trypsin shows the largest differences in the two P2' residues. Compared with the similar ternary complex of the soybean trypsin inhibitor, this model shows very small differences in the polypeptide chain of the trypsin binding sites and its largest difference in the area between Asp 26 and His 32 of the MSTI which in the soybean inhibitor has an extra Leu inserted in position 29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Science and Technology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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41
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Capaldi S, Guariento M, Perduca M, Di Pietro SM, Santomé JA, Monaco HL. Crystal structure of axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) liver bile acid-binding protein bound to cholic and oleic acid. Proteins 2006; 64:79-88. [PMID: 16555310 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The family of the liver bile acid-binding proteins (L-BABPs), formerly called liver basic fatty acid-binding proteins (Lb-FABPs) shares fold and sequence similarity with the paralogous liver fatty acid-binding proteins (L-FABPs) but has a different stoichiometry and specificity of ligand binding. This article describes the first X-ray structure of a member of the L-BABP family, axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) L-BABP, bound to two different ligands: cholic and oleic acid. The protein binds one molecule of oleic acid in a position that is significantly different from that of either of the two molecules that bind to rat liver FABP. The stoichiometry of binding of cholate is of two ligands per protein molecule, as observed in chicken L-BABP. The cholate molecule that binds buried most deeply into the internal cavity overlaps well with the analogous bound to chicken L-BABP, whereas the second molecule, which interacts with the first only through hydrophobic contacts, is more external and exposed to the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Science & Technology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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42
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Zanusso G, Fiorini M, Farinazzo A, Gelati M, Benedetti MD, Ferrari S, Dalla Libera A, Capaldi S, Monaco HL, Rizzuto N, Monaco S. Phosphorylated 14-3-3zeta protein in the CSF of neuroleptic-treated patients. Neurology 2006; 64:1618-20. [PMID: 15883327 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000160397.81314.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors describe 12 neuroleptic-treated patients with dementia of various etiologies who showed CSF elevation of phosphorylated 14-3-3zeta and normal tau protein levels. This contrasted with elevated amounts of 14-3-3 gamma, epsilon, and unphosphorylated zeta coupled to high tau protein levels in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and negative 14-3-3 assay in drug-free patients with dementia. Characterization of CSF 14-3-3 isoforms and determination of tau protein level can help to distinguish different etiologies of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zanusso
- Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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43
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Sala A, Capaldi S, Campagnoli M, Faggion B, Labò S, Perduca M, Romano A, Carrizo ME, Valli M, Visai L, Minchiotti L, Galliano M, Monaco HL. Structure and properties of the C-terminal domain of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 isolated from human amniotic fluid. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:29812-9. [PMID: 15972819 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504304200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) regulates the activity of the insulin-like growth factors in early pregnancy and is, thus, thought to play a key role at the fetal-maternal interface. The C-terminal domain of IGFBP-1 and three isoforms of the intact protein were isolated from human amniotic fluid, and sequencing of the four N-terminal polypeptide chains showed them to be highly pure. The addition of both intact IGFBP-1 and its C-terminal fragment to cultured fibroblasts has a similar stimulating effect on cell migration, and therefore, the domain has a biological activity on its own. The three-dimensional structure of the C-terminal domain was determined by x-ray crystallography to 1.8 Angstroms resolution. The fragment folds as a thyroglobulin type I domain and was found to bind the Fe(2+) ion in the crystals through the only histidine residue present in the polypeptide chain. Iron (II) decreases the binding of intact IGFBP-1 and the C-terminal domain to IGF-II, suggesting that the metal binding site is close to or part of the surface of interaction of the two molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sala
- Department of Biochemistry A. Castellani, University of Pavia, Italy
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44
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Carrizo ME, Capaldi S, Perduca M, Irazoqui FJ, Nores GA, Monaco HL. The Antineoplastic Lectin of the Common Edible Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Has Two Binding Sites, Each Specific for a Different Configuration at a Single Epimeric Hydroxyl. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:10614-23. [PMID: 15596442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411989200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin from the common mushroom Agaricus bisporus, the most popular edible species in Western countries, has potent antiproliferative effects on human epithelial cancer cells, without any apparent cytotoxicity. This property confers to it an important therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent. The three-dimensional structure of the lectin was determined by x-ray diffraction. The protein is a tetramer with 222 symmetry, and each monomer presents a novel fold with two beta sheets connected by a helix-loop-helix motif. Selectivity was studied by examining the binding of four monosaccharides and seven disaccharides in two different crystal forms. The T-antigen disaccharide, Galbeta1-3GalNAc, mediator of the antiproliferative effects of the protein, binds at a shallow depression on the surface of the molecule. The binding of N-acetylgalactosamine overlaps with that moiety of the T antigen, but surprisingly, N-acetylglucosamine, which differs from N-acetylgalactosamine only in the configuration of epimeric hydroxyl 4, binds at a totally different site on the opposite side of the helix-loop-helix motif. The lectin thus has two distinct binding sites per monomer that recognize the different configuration of a single epimeric hydroxyl. The structure of the protein and its two carbohydrate-binding sites are described in detail in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Carrizo
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Science and Technology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Nichesola D, Perduca M, Capaldi S, Carrizo ME, Righetti PG, Monaco HL. Crystal structure of chicken liver basic fatty acid-binding protein complexed with cholic acid. Biochemistry 2005; 43:14072-9. [PMID: 15518556 DOI: 10.1021/bi0489661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two paralogous groups of liver fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) have been described: the mammalian type liver FABPs and the basic type (Lb-FABPs) characterized in several vertebrates but not in mammals. The two groups have similar sequences and share a highly conserved three-dimensional structure, but their specificity and stoichiometry of binding are different. The crystal structure of chicken Lb-FABP complexed with cholic acid and that of the apoprotein refined to 2.0 A resolution are presented in this paper. The two forms of the protein crystallize in different space groups, and significant changes are observed between the two conformations. The holoprotein binds two molecules of cholate in the interior cavity, and the contacts observed between the two ligands can help to explain the reason for this stoichiometry of binding. Most of the amino acids involved in ligand binding are conserved in other members of the Lb-FABP family. Since the amino acid sequence of the Lb-FABPs is more similar to that of the bile acid-binding proteins than to that of the L-FABPs, the possibility that the Lb-FABPs might be more appropriately called liver bile acid-binding proteins (L-BABPs) is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nichesola
- Laboratorio di Biocristallografía, Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Carrizo ME, Irazoqui FJ, Lardone RD, Nores GA, Curtino JA, Capaldi S, Perduca M, Monaco HL. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of the common edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) lectin. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:718-20. [PMID: 15039564 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904001969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2003] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The lectin from the common edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus (ABL) belongs to the group of proteins that have the property of binding the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-antigen) selectively and with high affinity, but does not show any sequence similarity to the other proteins that share this property. The ABL sequence is instead similar to those of members of the saline-soluble fungal lectins, a protein family with pesticidal properties. The presence of different isoforms has been reported. It has been found that in order to be able to grow diffraction-quality crystals of the lectin, it is essential to separate the isoforms, which was performed by preparative isoelectric focusing. Using standard procedures, it was possible to crystallize the most basic of the forms by either vapour diffusion or equilibrium dialysis, but attempts to grow crystals of the other more acidic forms were unsuccessful. The ABL crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 93.06, b = 98.16, c = 76.38 A, and diffract to a resolution of 2.2 A on a conventional source at room temperature. It is expected that the solution of this structure will yield further valuable information on the differences in the T-antigen-binding folds and will perhaps help to clarify the details of the ligand binding to the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Carrizo
- Laboratorio di Biocristallografia, Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Beringhelli T, Goldoni L, Capaldi S, Bossi A, Perduca M, Monaco HL. Interaction of chicken liver basic fatty acid-binding protein with fatty acids: a 13C NMR and fluorescence study. Biochemistry 2001; 40:12604-11. [PMID: 11601984 DOI: 10.1021/bi011009w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two different groups of liver fatty acid-binding proteins (L-FABPs) are known: the mammalian type and the basic type. Very few members of this second group of L-FABPs have been characterized and studied, whereas most of the past studies were concerned with the mammalian type. The interactions of chicken liver basic fatty acid-binding protein (Lb-FABP) with 1-(13)C-enriched palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) were investigated by (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Samples containing fatty acids (FA) and Lb-FABP at different molar ratios exhibited only a single carboxylate resonance corresponding to bound FA, and showed a binding stoichiometry of 1:1 both for PA and for OA. Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements yielded the same binding stoichiometry for the interaction with cis-parinaric acid [K(d) = 0.38(4) microM]. Competition studies between cis-parinaric acid and the natural ligands indicated a decreasing affinity of chicken Lb-FABP for PA, OA, and retinoic acid (RA). (13)C NMR proved that pH and ionic strength affect complex stability. The carboxyl signal intensity reversibly decreased upon lowering the pH up to 5. The pH dependence of the bound carboxyl chemical shift yielded an apparent pK(a) of 4.8. A decrease of the integrated intensity of the bound carboxylic signal in the NMR spectra was observed while increasing the chloride ion concentration up to 200 mM. This body of evidence indicates that the bound FA is completely ionized at pH 7.4, that its polar head is positioned in a solvent-accessible region, that a FA-protein strong ionic bond is not present, and that high ionic strength causes the release of the bound FA. The reported results show that, insofar as the number of bound ligands and its relative affinity for different FAs are concerned, chicken Lb-FABP is remarkably different from the mammalian liver FABPs, and, within its subfamily, that it is more similar to catfish Lb-FABP while it behaves quite differently from shark or axolotl Lb-FABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Beringhelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano-I, Italy.
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Capaldi S, Getts RC, Jayasena SD. Signal amplification through nucleotide extension and excision on a dendritic DNA platform. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:E21. [PMID: 10710438 PMCID: PMC102804 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.7.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/1999] [Revised: 01/10/2000] [Accepted: 01/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques that provide strong signal amplification are useful in diagnostic applications, especially in detecting low concentrations of non-amplifiable target molecules. A versatile and strong signal amplification method based on activities of a DNA polymerase to generate high concentrations of pyrophosphate (PPi) is described. The generation of PPi is catalyzed by nucleotide extension and excision activities of a DNA polymerase on an oligonucleotide cassette. The signal is generated upon enzymatic conversion of PPi to ATP and ATP levels subsequently detected with firefly luciferase. Bioluminescence produced by an oligonucleotide cassette consisting of just two polymerase reaction sites is sufficient to detect them at low attomole levels. The attachment of a large number of these oligonucleotide cassettes to DNA dendrimers enabled the detection of such poly-valent substrate molecules at low zeptomole (10(-21)mol) concentrations. The extent of signal amplification obtained with dendrimer substrates is comparable to exponential target amplifications provided by nucleic acid amplification methods. The attachment of such PPi-generating dendritic DNA platforms to ligands that mediate target recognition would potentially permit detection of extremely low concentrations of analytes in diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Capaldi
- NeXstar Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2860 Wilderness Place, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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Actis GC, Touscoz GA, Saracco G, Rizzetto M, Bellone G, Capaldi S, Trapani C. [Adult human liver cells grown in a culture media containing a transforming factor similar to epidermal growth factor]. Recenti Prog Med 1985; 76:125-9. [PMID: 3874409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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50
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Pilotti G, Capaldi S, Ricci C, Suria G, Sordi MS. [Fecal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin in childhood]. Minerva Pediatr 1984; 36:535-9. [PMID: 6434923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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