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Faulkner DV, Cantley ML, Kennedy DG, Elliott CT, Crooks SRH. MRM 3-based UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantitation of total florfenicol residue content in milk and withdrawal study profile of milk from treated cows. Food Chem 2022; 379:132070. [PMID: 35114519 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Florfenicol is a broad spectrum antibacterial, licensed globally for treatment of animal and aquaculture diseases. In the EU, Canada and US it is not permitted for use in animals producing milk or eggs. There are no published methods for analysis of total florfenicol content in milk/milk products as these lack a hydrolysis step, failing to meet the marker residue definition. A method for determining total florfenicol content in milk that meets this definition is reported for the first time. Use of a UHPLC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring-cubed method improved the selective detection and quantitation of lower levels of florfenicol amine in milk compared to MRM only. Single laboratory validation data and withdrawal profile in bovine milk are presented. A withdrawal period of over 50 days is indicated in case of off-label use. Requirement for hydrolysis is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot V Faulkner
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Margaret L Cantley
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David G Kennedy
- Queens University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Queens University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Steven R H Crooks
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK
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2
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Thompson CS, Traynor IM, Fodey TL, Barnes P, Faulkner DV, Crooks SRH. Screening method for the detection of residues of amphenicol antibiotics in bovine milk by optical biosensor. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1854-1864. [PMID: 32910860 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1809718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An immunobiosensor assay was developed for multi-residue screening in bovine milk of the parent amphenicols, thiamphenicol and florfenicol, along with the metabolite florfenicol amine. A polyclonal antibody raised in a rabbit after immunisation with a florfenicol amine-protein conjugate was employed in the assay. Milk samples were subjected to acetonitrile extraction, reconstituted in buffer and diluted prior to biosensor analysis. Validation data obtained from the analysis of fortified samples has shown that the method has a detection capability of less than 0.25 µg kg-1 for florfenicol and less than 0.5 µg kg-1 for florfenicol amine and thiamphenicol. The cross-reactivity profile and validation data for the detection of these amphenicols is presented together with results obtained following the analysis of florfenicol incurred samples using the developed screening method along with a comparison of results obtained from the analysis of the same incurred samples using an MRM3 UPLC-MS/MS confirmatory method. Results are also presented obtained from the analysis of samples from both treated and non-treated animals which were co-housed and which show the potential for cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Thompson
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Imelda M Traynor
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Terence L Fodey
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P Barnes
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Dermot V Faulkner
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Steven R H Crooks
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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3
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Van den hauwe O, Campbell K, Crooks SRH, Schilt R, Van Peteghem CH. Confirmation of Synthetic Glucocorticoids with Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Organization and Results of an International Interlaboratory Comparison Test. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Within the framework of a European Union (EU) research project entitled “Food Safety Screening: Synthetic Glucocorticoids (QLK1-1999-00122),” an international interlaboratory ring test was organized to compare and evaluate different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) confirmatory methods that are applied in European monitoring programs for detecting the use of synthetic glucocorticoids. Liver and urine samples of bovines treated with synthetic glucocorticoids were collected and sent to the participants of the study for analysis. Participants received 3 liver and 3 urine samples and were free to use either their own LC/MS method or an LC/MS-based method developed during the EU research project. The residue concentrations in the samples were calculated as the mean of the concentrations reported by each laboratory. The mean dexamethasone concentration of liver sample L1 was calculated as 2.27 μg/kg [relative standard deviation (RSD) 43%, n = 9], which exceeds the maximum residue level (MRL) of 2 μg/kg. Three of the 9 laboratories (33%) reported concentration levels less than 2 μg/kg, resulting in obviously false compliant results. The overall mean concentration of flumethasone in liver sample L2 was calculated as 3.27 μg/kg (RSD 33%, n = 8). Applying a comparable limit for flumethasone of 2 μg/kg, 8 of the 9 laboratories would have obtained a correct noncompliant result. As for the blank liver sample, 1 participant found a false noncompliant result. The urine sample U1 contained prednisolone residues at a mean concentration of 1.58 μg/kg (RSD 43%, n = 9). Four out of 9 results were less than a theoretical minimum required performance level (MRPL) of 2 μg/kg. The calculated concentration of dexamethasone in urine sample U3 was 5.21 μg/kg (RSD 62%, n = 9). One of the 9 results was lower than 2 μg/kg. Urine sample U2 was correctly reported as blank by all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Van den hauwe
- Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Queen's University of Belfast, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Rd, Belfast BT43SD, United Kingdom
| | - Steven R H Crooks
- Queen's University of Belfast, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Rd, Belfast BT43SD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carlos H Van Peteghem
- Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Abstract
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive biosensor immunoassay was developed for determination of ivermectin residues in bovine milk. A detection limit of 16.2 ng/mL was achieved. A Biacore optical biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance was used, and a range of extraction techniques was investigated. In the final assay procedure, ivermectin was extracted with acetonitrile followed by C8 solid-phase extraction cleanup. It was proven experimentally that 2 methods of milk storage, freezing or addition of mercury-containing compounds as preservatives, could be used without considerable change in detected concentrations (samples were fortified with ivermectin after storage). The average values for milk samples spiked at 100 and 50 ng/mL concentrations were 102.6 and 51.5 ng/mL, respectively. Extraction and analysis of 20 milk samples were performed within a single working day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne V Samsonova
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemical Enzymology, Chemistry Faculty, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Andrew Baxter
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Rd, Stormont, BT4 3SD Belfast, UK
| | - Steven R H Crooks
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Rd, Stormont, BT4 3SD Belfast, UK
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Queen's University of Belfast, Department of Veterinary Science, Stoney Rd, Stormont, BT4 3SD Belfast, UK; and Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Rd, Stormont, BT4 3SD Belfast, UK
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5
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Barnes P, Fodey TL, Smyth WG, Crooks SRH. Investigation of the role of environmental contamination in the occurrence of residues of the veterinary drug phenylbutazone in cattle. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:520-524. [PMID: 28140763 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1271143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenylbutazone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug licensed for use in horses to treat musculoskeletal disorders. It is not permitted in the European Union for use in animals destined for the food chain. Official statistics provided by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) show that 0.18% of bovines tested in the European Union between 2008 and 2014 for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were non-compliant, with phenylbutazone representing over 28% of these. Anecdotal evidence suggests animals that have not been treated with the drug may have produced non-compliant samples, possibly through some form of contamination. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometric detection was applied to bovine plasma samples to determine if detectable residues (CCα = 0.28 ng ml-1) may occur in untreated animals as a result of environmental contamination through normal farming practice. The study demonstrates that waste from animals treated with phenylbutazone, and spread on an area of pasture, can contaminate untreated bovines grazing the pasture many weeks later. It was determined that this contamination, which can persist over a significant period, may be due to the ingestion of as little as 30 μg phenylbutazone by a 500 kg bullock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Barnes
- a Veterinary Sciences Division , Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast , UK
| | - Terence L Fodey
- a Veterinary Sciences Division , Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast , UK
| | - Wesley G Smyth
- a Veterinary Sciences Division , Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast , UK
| | - Steven R H Crooks
- a Veterinary Sciences Division , Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast , UK
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Fodey TL, Smyth WG, Barnes P, Traynor IM, Kennedy DG, Crooks SRH. Investigation into sources of contamination of cattle with phenylbutazone. Vet Rec 2015; 176:74. [PMID: 25376503 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence L Fodey
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Wesley G Smyth
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Paul Barnes
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Imelda M Traynor
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - D Glenn Kennedy
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Steven R H Crooks
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
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Fodey TL, Thompson CS, Traynor IM, Haughey SA, Kennedy DG, Crooks SRH. Development of an Optical Biosensor Based Immunoassay to Screen Infant Formula Milk Samples for Adulteration with Melamine. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5012-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence L. Fodey
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
| | - Colin S. Thompson
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
| | - Imelda M. Traynor
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
| | - Simon A. Haughey
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, Queens University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - D. Glenn Kennedy
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
| | - Steven R. H. Crooks
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
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8
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Johnsson L, Baxter GA, Crooks SRH, Brandon DL, Elliott CT. Reduction of Sample Matrix Effects - The Analysis of Benzimidazole Residues in Serum by Immunobiosensor. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100220145000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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9
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Thompson CS, Haughey SA, Traynor IM, Fodey TL, Elliott CT, Antignac JP, Le Bizec B, Crooks SRH. Effective monitoring for ractopamine residues in samples of animal origin by SPR biosensor and mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 608:217-25. [PMID: 18215654 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ractopamine (RCT) is a member of the beta-2-agonist (beta-agonist) family. It is licensed for use as an animal growth promoter in more than 20 countries worldwide, including the United States and Canada, but is either not licensed or prohibited by over 150 others, including those within the European Union. The issue of the use of RCT in livestock bound for human consumption has risen to prominence recently following the decision by The People's Republic of China to ban the import of pork from a number of processing plants after finding traces of RCT in shipments from the U.S.A. In order to monitor for the illegal use of such compounds within Europe, there is a requirement to have a robust and reliable testing scheme capable of the detection of low concentrations of RCT. In the present study an optical biosensor screening assay was developed. The developed assay was compared with a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmatory procedure. These methods were used to study the ability to detect RCT in pigs following treatment. Both testing procedures were capable of detecting low microgkg(-1) concentrations of the drug in urine and liver. Liver was found to be a less suitable sample matrix, with RCT residue levels being undetectable after 5 days withdrawal of the drug. Urine samples however still contained detectable RCT residues several weeks after withdrawal. The correlation (as measured by r(2)) between the biosensor and LC-MS/MS methods was 0.99 and 0.97 for urine and liver samples, respectively. It is concluded that testing regimes based on RCT analysis in liver are less likely to detect illegal administration of the drug than those based on urine analysis. Urine samples provide an excellent matrix for the detection of RCT residues for an extended period post withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Thompson
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK
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Danaher M, De Ruyck H, Crooks SRH, Dowling G, O'Keeffe M. Review of methodology for the determination of benzimidazole residues in biological matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 845:1-37. [PMID: 16931192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are anthelmintic agents widely used in the treatment of parasitic infections in a range of species and as fungicidal agents in the control of spoilage of crops during storage and transport. In this paper, the more important benzimidazoles are introduced and their pharmacological effects and physiochemical properties discussed. The metabolism of these drugs is described relating to the occurrence and persistence of residues in biological matrices, providing information for selection of suitable matrices and target residues for testing. Methods for determination of benzimidazoles are reviewed for a range of biological matrices. The importance of selecting suitable extraction and clean-up procedures is discussed, along with the difficulties encountered in adapting single residue methods to multi-residue methods. The importance of suitable detection systems for determination of benzimidazoles, namely, screening, HPLC, GC and confirmatory methods is described in detail. The future for benzimidazole residue analysis is discussed, focusing on selection of appropriate residues for screening methods and protocols for confirmation of benzimidazole residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Danaher
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
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11
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Van den hauwe O, Campbell K, Crooks SRH, Schilt R, Van Peteghem CH. Confirmation of synthetic glucocorticoids with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: organization and results of an international interlaboratory comparison test. J AOAC Int 2005; 88:87-94. [PMID: 15759730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of a European Union (EU) research project entitled "Food Safety Screening: Synthetic Glucocorticoids (QLK1-1999-00122)," an international interlaboratory ring test was organized to compare and evaluate different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) confirmatory methods that are applied in European monitoring programs for detecting the use of synthetic glucocorticoids. Liver and urine samples of bovines treated with synthetic glucocorticoids were collected and sent to the participants of the study for analysis. Participants received 3 liver and 3 urine samples and were free to use either their own LC/MS method or an LC/MS-based method developed during the EU research project. The residue concentrations in the samples were calculated as the mean of the concentrations reported by each laboratory. The mean dexamethasone concentration of liver sample L1 was calculated as 2.27 microg/kg [relative standard deviation (RSD) 43%, n = 9], which exceeds the maximum residue level (MRL) of 2 microg/kg. Three of the 9 laboratories (33%) reported concentration levels less than 2 microg/kg, resulting in obviously false compliant results. The overall mean concentration of flumethasone in liver sample L2 was calculated as 3.27 microg/kg (RSD 33%, n = 8). Applying a comparable limit for flumethasone of 2 microg/kg, 8 of the 9 laboratories would have obtained a correct noncompliant result. As for the blank liver sample, 1 participant found a false noncompliant result. The urine sample U1 contained prednisolone residues at a mean concentration of 1.58 microg/kg (RSD 43%, n = 9). Four out of 9 results were less than a theoretical minimum required performance level (MRPL) of 2 microg/kg. The calculated concentration of dexamethasone in urine sample U3 was 5.21 microg/kg (RSD 62%, n = 9). One of the 9 results was lower than 2 microg/kg. Urine sample U2 was correctly reported as blank by all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Van den hauwe
- Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Hagren V, Crooks SRH, Elliott CT, Lövgren T, Tuomola M. An all-in-one dry chemistry immunoassay for the screening of coccidiostat nicarbazin in poultry eggs and liver. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52:2429-2433. [PMID: 15113136 DOI: 10.1021/jf030758c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An automated immunoassay for the detection of nicarbazin residues in poultry eggs and liver was developed. The assay was based on a novel all-in-one dry chemistry concept and time-resolved fluorometry. The analyte specific antibody was immobilized into a single microtiter well and covered with an insulation layer, on top of which the label was dried in a small volume. The extracted sample was added automatically to the dry microtiter well, and the result was available within 18 min. Due to the rapidity and simplicity, the quantitative immunoassay could also be used as a high throughput screening method. The analytical limit of detection for the assay was calculated as 0.1 ng mL(-)(1) (n = 12) and the functional limit of detection as 3.2 ng g(-)(1) for egg (n = 6) and 11.3 ng g(-)(1) for liver (n = 6) samples. The sample recovery varied from 97.3 to 115.6%. Typically, the intra-assay variations were less than 10%, and interassay variations ranged between 8.1 and 13.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virve Hagren
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Connolly L, Fodey TL, Crooks SRH, Elliott CT. The production and characterisation of an antibody to detect the coccidiostat toltrazuril and its metabolite ponazuril. Analyst 2003; 128:459-61. [PMID: 12790197 DOI: 10.1039/b301898a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The production of an antibody to detect toltrazuril or its metabolite ponazuril is complicated due to structural constraints of conjugating these coccidiostats to a carrier protein. Therefore a search was carried out for a compound that shared a common substructure to use as an antigen mimic. The chosen compound, trifluoraminoether, was conjugated to two carrier proteins (HSA and BTG) and used in the immunisation of six rabbits. Two immunogen doses (1 mg and 0.1 mg) were also used. All six rabbits produced an immunological response to the hapten regardless of the carrier protein or immunogen dose used. The most sensitive polyclonal antibody produced, designated R609, was subsequently characterised. This antiserum exhibited an IC50 of 18 ng ml(-1) using a competitive ELISA format. Cross reactivity studies show that this serum is specific for toltrazuril and its metabolites (toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone) but does not cross-react with other coccidiostats such as halofuginone, nitroimidazoles or nicarbazin. This is the first reported production of an antibody capable of specifically binding toltrazuril and ponazuril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Connolly
- Queens University Belfast, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Belfast, N. Ireland, UK BT4 3SD.
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Samsonova JV, Baxter GA, Crooks SRH, Elliott CT. Biosensor immunoassay of ivermectin in bovine milk. J AOAC Int 2002; 85:879-82. [PMID: 12180682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive biosensor immunoassay was developed for determination of ivermectin residues in bovine milk. A detection limit of 16.2 ng/mL was achieved. A Biacore optical biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance was used, and a range of extraction techniques was investigated. In the final assay procedure, ivermectin was extracted with acetonitrile followed by C8 solid-phase extraction cleanup. It was proven experimentally that 2 methods of milk storage, freezing or addition of mercury-containing compounds as preservatives, could be used without considerable change in detected concentrations (samples were fortified with ivermectin after storage). The average values for milk samples spiked at 100 and 50 ng/mL concentrations were 102.6 and 51.5 ng/mL, respectively. Extraction and analysis of 20 milk samples were performed within a single working day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne V Samsonova
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemical Enzymology, Chemistry Faculty, Russia.
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15
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Connolly L, Fodey TL, Crooks SRH, Delahaut P, Elliott CT. The production and characterisation of dinitrocarbanilide antibodies raised using antigen mimics. J Immunol Methods 2002; 264:45-51. [PMID: 12191508 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyclonal antibodies were produced to detect the coccidiostat nicarbazin. Due to structural constraints of the active component of nicarbazin, dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), three different compounds that shared a common substructure with DNC were used as antigen mimics. The compounds (N-succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine 4-nitroanilide (SAN), L-glutamic acid gamma-(p-nitroanilide) (GAN) and p-nitrosuccinanilic acid (NSA)) were conjugated to a carrier protein and used in the immunisation of rabbits. Five different polyclonal sera were produced and consequently characterised. The antibodies exhibited an IC(50) range of 2.3-7.6 ng/ml using a competitive ELISA procedure. Serum from one rabbit, R555, exhibited an IC(50) of 2.9 ng/ml for DNC and cross-reactivity studies showed that this serum was specific for DNC and did not cross-react with other coccidiostats such as halofuginone, toltrazuril or ronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Connolly
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Stoney Road, Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK.
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Abstract
A rapid and sensitive biosensor immunoassay was developed for residues of the antiparasitic agent ivermectin in bovine liver. A detection limit of 19.1 ng g(-1) was achieved. The sensor employed was a Biacore optical instrument based on surface plasmon resonance. 5-O-succinoylivermectin-apo-transferrin conjugate was used to produce monoclonal antibody while a second derivative, ivermectin-oxime, was immobilised onto the surface of a sensor chip. A range of assay parameters (flow rate, injection time, temperature) and extraction techniques were investigated. In the final assay procedure, ivermectin was extracted with acetonitrile followed by C(8) SPE clean-up. Matrix effect was minimised by increasing the flow rate to 25 microl min(-1) and reducing the sample injection time to 2 min. The average value for liver samples spiked at 100 ng g(-1) (the MRL for the drug) and 50 ng g(-1) concentrations were 93.7 and 43.2 ng g(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne V Samsonova
- Department of Veterinary Science, Queen's University of Belfast, Stoney Road, Stormont, BT4 3SD, Belfast, UK.
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Fodey TL, Elliott CT, Crooks SRH, Mccaughey WJ. The appraisal of an automated multi‐immunoaffinity chromatography system to detect anabolic agents in bile and urine. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/09540109609354914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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