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Prevalence of co-occurring diagnoses in people exposed to alcohol prenatally: Findings from a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:163-174. [PMID: 38718944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) commonly experience co-occurring diagnoses, which are often overlooked and misdiagnosed and have detrimental impacts on accessing appropriate services. The prevalence of these co-occurring diagnoses varies widely in the existing literature and has not been examined in PAE without an FASD diagnosis. METHOD A search was conducted in five databases and the reference sections of three review papers, finding a total of 2180 studies. 57 studies were included in the final analysis with a cumulative sample size of 29,644. Bayesian modeling was used to determine aggregate prevalence rates of co-occurring disorders and analyze potential moderators. RESULTS 82 % of people with PAE had a co-occurring diagnosis. All disorders had a higher prevalence in individuals with PAE than the general population with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disorder, and intellectual disability (ID) being the most prevalent. Age, diagnostic status, and sex moderated the prevalence of multiple disorders. LIMITATIONS While prevalence of disorders is crucial information, it does not provide a direct representation of daily functioning and available supports. Results should be interpreted in collaboration with more individualized research to provide the most comprehensive representation of the experience of individuals with PAE. CONCLUSIONS Co-occurring diagnoses are extremely prevalent in people with PAE, with older individuals, females, and those diagnosed with FASD being most at risk for having a co-occurring disorder. These findings provide a more rigorous examination of the challenges faced by individuals with PAE than has existed in the literature, providing clinicians with information to ensure early identification and effective treatment of concerns to prevent lifelong challenges.
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Unveiling the Tiny Invaders: A deep dive into microplastics in shrimp - Occurrence, detection and unraveling the ripple effects. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103981. [PMID: 38595960 PMCID: PMC11002877 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding food sector worldwide; it is the farming of fish, shellfish, and other marine organisms. Microplastics (MPs) are small pieces of plastic with a diameter of less than 5 mm that end up in the marine environment. MPs are fragments of large plastics that take years to degrade but can frustrate into small pieces, and some commercially available MPs are used in the production of toothpaste, cosmetics, and aircraft. MPs are emerging contaminants; they are ingested by marine species. These MPs have effects on marine species such as growth retardation and particle translocation to other parts of the body. Recently, MPs accumulation has been observed in shrimps, as well as in a wide range of other scientific reports. So, in this study, we review the presence, accumulation, and causes of MPs in shrimp. These plastics can trophic transfer to other organisms, changes in plastic count, effects on the marine environment, and impacts of MPs on human health were also discussed. It also improves our understanding of the importance of efficient plastic waste management in the ocean, as well as the impact of MPs on marine biota and human health.
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Sex differences in surgical site infections following coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective observational study. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:52-58. [PMID: 38309668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) following cardiac surgery poses a significant challenge for healthcare providers. Despite advances in surgical techniques and infection control measures, SSI remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, in addition to being a significant economic burden on healthcare services. Current literature suggests there is a reproducible difference in the incidence of SSI following cardiac surgery between sexes. We aim to assess the sex-specific predictive risk factors for sternal SSI following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in addition to identifying any differences in the causative organisms between groups. METHODS Adult patients undergoing isolated CABG between January 2012 and December 2022 in one UK hospital organization were included. In this 10-year, retrospective observational study, a total of 10,208 patients met the inclusion criteria. Pre-operative risk factors were identified using univariate analysis. To assess dependence between sex and organism or Gram stain, a Pearson Chi-squared test with Yates correction for continuity was performed. RESULTS In total there were 8457 males of which 181 developed a sternal SSI (2.14%) and 1751 females, 128 of whom had a sternal SSI (7.31%). Male patients were found to be significantly more likely to develop an SSI secondary to a Gram-positive organism, whereas female patients were more likely to have a Gram-negative causative organism (P<0.00001). Staphylococcus was statistically more likely to be the causative organism genus in male patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be twice as common in the female cohort compared with the male group. CONCLUSION In our study, we found a statistically significant difference in the causative organisms and Gram stain for post-CABG sternal SSIs between males and females. Male patients predominately have Gram-positive associated SSIs, whereas female SSI pathogens are more likely to be Gram negative. The preoperative risk profiles of both cohorts are similar, including being an insulin-dependent diabetic and triple vessel coronary artery disease. Given these findings, it prompts the question, should we be tailoring our SSI treatment strategies according to sex and associated risk profiles?
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Internal Medicine Ward with Hematological Skills for the Treatment of Complications Suffered by Hematological Patients on Therapy: Experience of Villa Betania Hospital in Rome. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2024; 16:e2024030. [PMID: 38468836 PMCID: PMC10927202 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2024.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
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Exploring the role and mechanism of potential probiotics in mitigating the shrimp pathogens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103938. [PMID: 38327656 PMCID: PMC10847377 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture has rapidly developed into a significant industry worldwide, providing not only financial gain and high-quality food but also tens of thousands of trained and competent workers. Frequent diseases are now regarded as a significant risk factor for shrimp aquaculture, as they have the potential to significantly reduce shrimp production and result in economic losses. Over the years various traditional methods including the use of antibiotics have been followed to control diseases yet unsuccessful. Probiotic is considered potential supplements for shrimps during farming, they may also act beneficially as disease control and increased production. Probiotics are described as a live microbial supplement that benefits the host by modifying the microbial population associated with the host and its ambient. The present state of research about probiotics demonstrates notable impacts on the immune defences of the host's gastrointestinal system, which play a crucial role in safeguarding against diseases and managing inflammation inside the digestive tract. In the past ten years, many studies on probiotics have been published. However, there is a lack of information about the processes by which probiotics exert their effects in aquaculture systems, with only limited elucidations being offered. This study explores the variety of procedures behind the positive effects of probiotics in shrimp culture. These mechanisms include the augmentation of the immune system, control of growth, antagonistic action against pathogens, competitive exclusion, and modification of the gut microbiota. Mechanisms involved in the probiotic mode of action are mostly interlinked. This provides a greater understanding of the importance of probiotics in shrimp culture as an environmentally friendly practice.
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Performance optimization of energy-efficient solar absorbers for thermal energy harvesting in modern industrial environments using a solar deep learning model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26371. [PMID: 38404765 PMCID: PMC10884495 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermal energy harvesting has seen a rise in popularity in recent years due to its potential to generate renewable energy from the sun. One of the key components of this process is the solar absorber, which is responsible for converting solar radiation into thermal energy. In this paper, a smart performance optimization of energy efficient solar absorber for thermal energy harvesting is proposed for modern industrial environments using solar deep learning model. In this model, data is collected from multiple sensors over time that measure various environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and solar radiation. This data is then used to train a machine learning algorithm to make predictions on how much thermal energy can be harvested from a particular panel or system. In a computational range, the proposed solar deep learning model (SDLM) reached 83.22 % of testing and 91.72 % of training results of false positive absorption rate, 69.88 % of testing and 81.48 % of training results of false absorption discovery rate, 81.40 % of testing and 72.08 % of training results of false absorption omission rate, 75.04 % of testing and 73.19 % of training results of absorbance prevalence threshold, and 90.81 % of testing and 78.09 % of training results of critical success index. The model also incorporates components such as insulation and orientation to further improve its accuracy in predicting the amount of thermal energy that can be harvested. Solar absorbers are used in industrial environments to absorb the sun's radiation and turn it into thermal energy. This thermal energy can then be used to power things such as heating and cooling systems, air compressors, and even some types of manufacturing operations. By using a solar deep learning model, businesses can accurately predict how much thermal energy can be harvested from a particular solar absorber before making an investment in a system.
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Burkholderia cepacia infections at sites other than the respiratory tract: A large case series from a tertiary hospital in Madurai. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 45:100375. [PMID: 37573045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Sparsely reported extrapulmonary Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) infections highlights the importance of this study. This was a retrospective chart review of 37 patients with extrapulmonary Bcc infections admitted between December 2019 and July 2022 in a tertiary hospital. Males accounted for 70% of cases. 78% had atleast one underlying comorbid illness. Among 37 isolates, 22 were from blood, others include exudates, urine and peritoneal fluid. Susceptibility rates of ceftazidime, meropenem, minocycline, cotrimoxazole and levofloxacin were 88, 88, 70, 65.7 and 56.7% respectively. Eleven died of septic shock and 24 patients (64.8%) had good outcomes, while two were lost to followup.
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Case series of aspergillus spondylodiscitis from a tertiary care centre in India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 44:100363. [PMID: 37356839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus spondylodiscitis is a rare entity reported in the literature. In tuberculosis endemic regions like India, more often it could be misdiagnosed as tuberculous spondylodiscitis. Herein we report a case series of three patients with Aspergillus spondylodiscitis presenting with chronic low backpain and clinically diagnosed as tuberculosis spine. Culture and histopathological examination of the debrided tissue provided a definite diagnosis. Interestingly, one of the cases had coexisting tuberculosis spine. All three patients underwent surgical intervention-debridement, decompression and fusion of spine and combined medical management with voriconazole with successful outcome.
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Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Dielectric Characteristics of Semi-Conductive Nanoparticle-Based Nanofluids: Progress towards the Microwave Synthesis. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1194. [PMID: 37374779 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies on dispersing nanoparticles in base fluid to elevate its essential and critical properties have evolved significantly in the recent decade. Alongside the conventional dispersion techniques used for nanofluid synthesis, microwave energy at 2.4 GHz frequency is irradiated onto the nanofluids is experimented with in this study. The effect of microwave irradiation on the electrical and thermal properties of semi-conductive nanofluids (SNF) is investigated and presented in this article. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are the semi-conductive nanoparticles used for this study to synthesize the SNF, viz., titania nanofluid (TNF) and zinc nanofluid (ZNF). Flash and fire points are the thermal properties verified, and dielectric breakdown strength, dielectric constant (εr), and dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) are the electrical properties verified in this study. AC breakdown voltage (BDV) of TNF and ZNF is improved by 16.78% and 11.25%, respectively, more than SNFs prepared without microwave irradiation. Results justify that the synergetic effect of stirring, sonication, and microwave irradiation in a rational sequence (microwave synthesis) exhibited better electrical and unaltered thermal properties. This microwave-applied nanofluid synthesis could be a simple and effective route to prepare the SNF with improved electrical properties.
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Abstract No. 549 Safety of Selective 90Y Radioembolization for Treatment of Liver Cancers in Patients with Hyperbilirubinemia. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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TEP-TDM au 18FDG en oncologie … quel intérêt d’explorer l’étage encéphalique ? MÉDECINE NUCLÉAIRE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mednuc.2023.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Consuming microplastics? Investigation of commercial salts as a source of microplastics (MPs) in diet. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:930-942. [PMID: 35907067 PMCID: PMC9813175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The omnipresence of microplastics (MPs) in marine and terrestrial environments as a pollutant of concern is well established and widely discussed in the literature. However, studies on MP contamination in commercial food sources like salts from the terrestrial environment are scarce. Thus, this is the first study to investigate various varieties of Australian commercial salts (both terrestrial and marine salts) as a source of MPs in the human diet, and the first to detect MPs in black salt. Using Nile red dye, the MPs were detected and counted under light microscopy, further characterised using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Of all the 90 suspected particles, 78.8% were identified as MPs with a size ranging between 23.2 µm and 3.9 mm. The fibres and fragments constituted 75.78% and 24.22% respectively. Among the tested samples, Himalayan pink salt (coarse) from terrestrial sources was found to have the highest MP load, i.e. 174.04 ± 25.05 (SD) particle/kg, followed by black salt at 157.41 ± 23.13 particle/kg. The average concentration of detected MPs in Australian commercial salts is 85.19 ± 63.04 (SD) per kg. Polyamide (33.8%) and polyurethane (30.98%) were the dominant MP types. Considering the maximum recommended (World Health Organization) salt uptake by adults daily at 5 g, we interpret that an average person living in Australia may be ingesting approximately 155.47 MPs/year from salt uptake. Overall, MP contamination was higher in terrestrial salts (such as black and Himalayan salt) than the marine salt. In conclusion, we highlight those commercial salts used in our daily lives serve as sources of MPs in the diet, with unknown effects on human health.
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Solvent casting-assisted synthesis of thermally responsive shape memory polymer and its composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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DYNAMIC CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH OFF PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (OPCAB) ASSESSED BY A NOVEL, ROBOTIC ASSISTED, AUTONOMOUS, CONTINUOUS AND BILATERAL TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER (TCD). J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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CHARACTERISTICS OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH IGE-MEDIATED ALLERGY TO GREEN PEA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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A neuro-fuzzy approach for multipoint data prediction in passive clustered wireless sensor networks. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-212214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In Passive Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), energy is lost in a sensor node during the data transmission. In order to avoid the energy loss due to data transmission, a data prediction technique is implemented. In this paper, we present a new multi-point data prediction technique, in which the prediction algorithm is initially implemented at both member nodes and cluster heads. The algorithm is updated to cluster head by member nodes by tracking temporal correlation of data. Neuro-Fuzzy model is used as a predictor in both member nodes and cluster heads. The simulation is performed using MATLAB and the overall energy in nodes seems to increase. The mean square error (MSE) value is reduced to greater extend.
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CASE REPORT ON RARE OUTCOME OF A RETROPERITONEAL MASS: MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2022.1.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are non-epithelial mesenchymal solid neoplasm with varied presentation. The study reports the case of a retroperitoneal GIST in a 21‑year‑old male presented with an abdominal lump for six months. The lesion was initially thought to be a retroperitoneal sarcoma. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an abdominopelvic mass covering the entire right side of abdomen and pelvis. The tumour was adherent to the terminal ileum and ascending colon. There were dense adhesions between the retroperitoneum with involvement of the middle third of the right ureter. The tumour was resected with right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis. Post-operative histopathology revealed it as high-grade spindle cell type GIST. The patient is presently on post-operative chemotherapy with Imatinib mesylate.
Objective. Atypical presentations of GIST are seldom discussed but frequently encountered in clinical practice. This article depicts different challenges the surgeon has to face while diagnosing such atypical entity.
Methods. Case report of atypical GIST presenting as retroperitoneal lump.
Results. The patient underwent surgical resection and is presently on post-operative chemotherapy with good overall outcome for a one year follow up.
Conclusions. GISTs presenting as retroperitoneal lumps are very rare, they should be considered in their differential diagnosis of an atypical retroperitoneal mass.
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Search for continuous gravitational wave emission from the Milky Way center in O3 LIGO-Virgo data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Search for Subsolar-Mass Binaries in the First Half of Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:061104. [PMID: 36018635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on a search for compact binary coalescences where at least one binary component has a mass between 0.2 M_{⊙} and 1.0 M_{⊙} in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo data collected between 1 April 2019 1500 UTC and 1 October 2019 1500 UTC. We extend our previous analyses in two main ways: we include data from the Virgo detector and we allow for more unequal mass systems, with mass ratio q≥0.1. We do not report any gravitational-wave candidates. The most significant trigger has a false alarm rate of 0.14 yr^{-1}. This implies an upper limit on the merger rate of subsolar binaries in the range [220-24200] Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}, depending on the chirp mass of the binary. We use this upper limit to derive astrophysical constraints on two phenomenological models that could produce subsolar-mass compact objects. One is an isotropic distribution of equal-mass primordial black holes. Using this model, we find that the fraction of dark matter in primordial black holes in the mass range 0.2 M_{⊙}<m_{PBH}<1.0 M_{⊙} is f_{PBH}≡Ω_{PBH}/Ω_{DM}≲6%. This improves existing constraints on primordial black hole abundance by a factor of ∼3. The other is a dissipative dark matter model, in which fermionic dark matter can collapse and form black holes. The upper limit on the fraction of dark matter black holes depends on the minimum mass of the black holes that can be formed: the most constraining result is obtained at M_{min}=1 M_{⊙}, where f_{DBH}≡Ω_{DBH}/Ω_{DM}≲0.003%. These are the first constraints placed on dissipative dark models by subsolar-mass analyses.
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Invasive pneumococcal disease in a tertiary care centre – 7 years experience. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:618-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Correction to:Experimental infection of Enterocytozoon hepatopanaei parasite (EHP) of penaeid shrimp in Indian marine crabs. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:473. [PMID: 35821285 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Experimental infection of Enterocytozoon hepatopanaei parasite (EHP) of penaeid shrimp in Indian marine crabs. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:416. [PMID: 35737130 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopanaei parasite (EHP) is identified as an emerging pathogenic microsporidium parasite in shrimp culture industry. Though the etiology, disease pattern and sustainability of shrimp are well known, significantly less research has been carried out about the disease transmission and symptoms of infected aquatic animals. The present study aims is to determine the disease carrier status of five different species of Indian marine crabs (Scylla olivacea, Scylla serrata, Portunus pelagicus, Ocypode quadrata and Portunus sanquinolentus) using EHP. At the first instance, oral infection and intramuscular injection were performed to determine the susceptibility of the parasite at 50 days post-infection and it was observed that there was no mortality. The experimental infected crabs were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, bioassay and histopathology. The crabs were EHP-PCR positive at 5th day post-infection (d.p.i) in gills, heart, hepatopancreas, haemolymph and muscle tissue. However, after 5th d.p.i EHP was PCR negative in all the tissue samples. There were no mortalities and histological changes in the negative group and experimental group. Therefore, marine crabs are found to be not suitable hosts for replicating EHP spores but crabs fecal matters are PCR positive till 5th d.p.i. Therefore, marine crabs are having the possibilities of acceptance as a vector for Enterocytozoon hepatopanaei in shrimp. Shrimp farmers need to take necessary action to control this deadly infection in shrimp ponds.
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All-sky, all-frequency directional search for persistent gravitational waves from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s first three observing runs. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nipah amidst Covid-19 Pandemic, another Re-Emerging Infectious Disease of Pandemic Potential - a Narrative Review. MAEDICA 2022; 17:464-470. [PMID: 36032603 PMCID: PMC9375865 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.2.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Nipah virus (NiV) was reported for the first time from the Kampung Sungai Nipah village of Malaysia in 1998. Since then, there have been multiple outbreaks, all of them in South- and South-East Asia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 75% of Nipah infections were proven to be fatal. Nipah virus belongs to the group of Biosafety Level-4 pathogen associated with high case fatality rate (40-75%). Methodology:According to the PRISMA guidelines for 2020, we searched in four medical databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Scopus) and selected relevant studies from the past twenty years till November 2021. Review:Nipah virus was first detected in Malaysia's Kampung Sungai Nipah in 1998. By May 1999, the Malaysia Ministry of Health in association with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported a total of 258 cases with a case fatality rate of almost 40%. Nipah in Kozhikode:Experts from the Pune Institute and Bhopal's National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases had collected Bat samples from Pazhoor in Chathamangalam gram panchayat (where a 12-year-old died due to Nipah infection on September 5 carried antibodies of the virus). All Indian outbreaks have seen person-to-person transmission. The virus found in Kerala differed from those two variants in terms of genetic structure. It also differed by 1.96% from the Bangladesh variant. The difference with the Malaysian variant was 8.42%. While PCR is the most sensitive technique for diagnosing active NiV infection, NiV-specific IgM ELISA offers a serological option when PCR is not available. Conclusions:Understanding the fruit bat ecology, NiV illness seasonality, and the transmission risk of various intermediate species requires a One Health approach. The danger of reintroduction into animal or human populations cannot be handled without a thorough understanding of the wildlife reservoir.
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Evaluation of a home treatment approach to schizophrenia in rural Pakistan: the SOUL Programme. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567627 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Psychiatric services in LEDCs face a tripartite challenge: (i) limited financial capital; (ii) scarcity of professionals; (iii) restrictive health beliefs. Inevitably, services developed for the first-world are ill-suited here. Psychiatric services must be designed from the ground up: inspired by but not a replica of best practices in the developed world. The SOUL project in Larkana, Pakistan provides home based assessment by a psychiatrist and fortnightly treatment by a mobile nursing team for schizophrenic patients. Psychoeducation of carers and the community as well as facilitation of work for patients are core aims. This mixed-methods study evaluates the experiences of primary stakeholders - patients and their carers.
Objectives
1.Are patients and carers satisfied with the care received? 2.Has SOUL been successful in changing health beliefs? 3.How could the programme be improved?
Methods
The principal investigator accompanied the team for 4-weeks. Purposive sampling was employed. Satisfaction was assessed quantitatively using the likert based PSQ-18 questionnaire. Thereafter, qualitative data was gathered using semi-structured interviews and analysed using a grounded theory approach. A total of 27 interviews were conducted before data saturation.
Results
100% of interviewees answered ’Satisfied’ or ’Very’ Satisfied to all elements of the PSQ-18. Above all, stakeholders valued that treatment was free and highly accessible (home visits), promoting treatment adherence. They felt psychoeducation events significantly reduced community stigma and made families more likely to seek psychiatrists over faith healers. Provision of respite care was suggested as a future improvement.
Conclusions
SOUL is highly valued by stakeholders and offers an excellent example of LEDC psychiatric care.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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Energy and exergy analysis and multi-objective optimization of a biodiesel fueled direct ignition engine. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Autonomous Transaction Model for E-Commerce Management Using Blockchain Technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND WEB ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/ijitwe.304047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A blockchain is an advanced technology that can power over a decentralized network. The authors bring it up to design the autonomous transaction system for e-commerce applications; because of the dramatic increase in IoT devices, communication between physical things is enabled. This brings more efficiency and accuracy, which benefits the outsiders while human interaction reduces. There is a big challenge in data storage after payment in the e-commerce application. Blockchain presents an appropriate platform for the distributed data storage; it also protects the data from outsiders. The authors create blocks that check and record each transaction that took place in the e-commerce application. Blockchain is going to protect the user's privacy from outsiders/banks that are being violated. The authors deliver this research in this paper in terms of the method with detailed design and full implementation. The system captures the user data, processes it, and gives a visual representation of the processed data.
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Mapping of Celiac Disease Research Literature: A Scientometric Approach. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i49a33315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the celiac disease research publications in the Web of Science database from the years 2015 to 2018. The keyword used the term "Celiac Disease" from the Web of Science database collects the records. A total of 4147 records were collected from this study of Celiac disease. The highest productive year is 2017 with 1062 records (25.61%) and the last position of papers was published 1016(24.50%) in the year is 2016. The table provides the value of the average RGR of publications, which decreased from 6.93537 in 2015 to -0.01997 in 2018. At the same time, the value of doubling time (DT) of publications increased from 0.099923 (2015) to -34.6983 (2018). It has shown that the degree of collaboration range from zero to 0.95. The most prolific author Lebwohl B occupied in first position 107(2.58%) records. The most productive country USA placed in the topmost position with 1149(27.71%) records. The authorship pattern of celiac disease research this table notes that the majority of the articles were contributed by four authors 549(13.24%). These three authors were contributed 538(12.97%) second position of papers in this study. The first position of the journal is Gastroenterology published records with 260(6.27%). The language-wise distributions of published records in Celiac disease research in this present study. The most productive language is English with 4032(97.23%), and the last productivity language is Icelandic with 1(0.02%) publications. The Study concludes that Celiac Disease Research lags in this research, so come forward with financial institutions to encourage researchers and scientists to develop celiac research.
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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Rhodococcus equi Isolated From Raw Camel Milk. J CAMEL PRACT RES 2021. [DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2021.00041.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Self-healing microcapsules encapsulated with carbon nanotubes for improved thermal and electrical properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33178-33188. [PMID: 35515028 PMCID: PMC9056657 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcapsules are widely used by researchers in self-healing composites. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) were incorporated into the core of the microcapsules, along with the self-healing agent. Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) were chosen as the core and shell materials respectively, and DCPD–CNT–UF based dual core microcapsules were synthesized. Two types of microcapsules, namely, DCPD–UF and DCPD–CNT–UF were successfully synthesized by the in situ polymerization technique. The novelty of this work is the development of dual core microcapsules with DCPD–CNT–UF combination. Surface morphology characterization and elemental analysis of the microcapsules were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). TGA and DSC analysis show that DCPD–CNT–UF microcapsules have better thermal stability than DCPD–UF microcapsules. These novel DCPD–CNT–UF microcapsules were found to be compatible with epoxy base resin for making resin castings. The presence of CNT is found to improve the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of the resin cast specimens without compromising on self-healing efficiency. Carbon nanotubes incorporated microcapsules based self-heating composites.![]()
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GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of 150 M_{⊙}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:101102. [PMID: 32955328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On May 21, 2019 at 03:02:29 UTC Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observed a short duration gravitational-wave signal, GW190521, with a three-detector network signal-to-noise ratio of 14.7, and an estimated false-alarm rate of 1 in 4900 yr using a search sensitive to generic transients. If GW190521 is from a quasicircular binary inspiral, then the detected signal is consistent with the merger of two black holes with masses of 85_{-14}^{+21} M_{⊙} and 66_{-18}^{+17} M_{⊙} (90% credible intervals). We infer that the primary black hole mass lies within the gap produced by (pulsational) pair-instability supernova processes, with only a 0.32% probability of being below 65 M_{⊙}. We calculate the mass of the remnant to be 142_{-16}^{+28} M_{⊙}, which can be considered an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). The luminosity distance of the source is 5.3_{-2.6}^{+2.4} Gpc, corresponding to a redshift of 0.82_{-0.34}^{+0.28}. The inferred rate of mergers similar to GW190521 is 0.13_{-0.11}^{+0.30} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}.
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Effect of the addition of diurethane dimethacrylate on the chemical and mechanical properties of tBA-PEGDMA acrylate based shape memory polymer network. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103951. [PMID: 32957243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a great demand for the synthesis of acrylate based thermoset shape memory polymer (SMP) associated with one monomer and one crosslinker such as tert-butyl acrylate (t-BA) with poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA). The present work describes the synthesis of a new thermoset SMP wherein a second monomer such as diurethane dimethacrylate (DUDMA) has been added to the existing tBA + PEGDMA SMP matrix. The synthesized thermoset shape memory polymer exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 55 °C, higher Young's Modulus of 3.23 GPa, transmittance of 95% and 100% shape recovery. The SMP exhibited response to both thermal and chemical stimuli. The shape recovery rate of the SMP network is 20 s compared to 24 s observed for SMP based on tBA + PEGDMA. The obtained SMP is very transparent and possesses higher stiffness (8 MPa) and hence may be suitable for biomedical shape memory lens and orthopedic application.
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Photoelectric performance evaluation of DSSCs using the dye extracted from different color petals of Leucanthemum vulgare flowers as novel sensitizers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 233:118198. [PMID: 32179440 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the natural flower extracted dyes containing luteolin were prepared using three different specimens from daisy flowers family (Leucanthemum vulgare), namely yellow daisy, purple daisy and wine daisy, according to the color of its petals. Moreover, DSSCs were fabricated using nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an anode; for the photocathodes, two different specimens were used: i) graphite electrode and ii) platinum electrode. To recognize the light absorption behavior, the existence of anchoring groups and coloring components of the extracted dyes were determined using absorption spectroscopy. The surface roughness of the photoanodes and cathodes were examined using atomic force microscope (AFM). The photovoltaic performance and efficiency of assembled DSSCs were evaluated to realize the influence of TiO2 photoanodes on interaction of the Leucanthemum vulgare extracted dye molecules with graphite or platinum photocathodes. DSSCs fabricated with platinum cathode show higher conversion efficiency (η) of 0.6%, 0.4% and 0.8% for the yellow daisy, wine daisy and purple daisy, respectively. DSSCs sensitized with daisy wine dye showed highest open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 520 mV and efficiency of 0.79% and 0.88%, for the graphite and platinum cathodes, respectively. These results showed that the DSSCs, using daisy flowers extracts as efficient photosensitizers, are suitable for the fabrication of environmentally safe, inexpensive, clean and renewable energy.
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Peri‐operative administration of tranexamic acid in lower limb arthroplasty: a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:1050-1058. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Paeonol Reverses Adriamycin Induced Cardiac Pathological Remodeling through Notch1 Signaling Reactivation in H9c2 Cells and Adult Zebrafish Heart. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:312-323. [PMID: 31307187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adriamycin is a commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic drug for a wide range of cancers. Adriamycin causes cardiotoxicity as an adverse effect that limits its clinical application in cancer treatment. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the toxicity it causes in heart cells. Disruption of inherent cardiac repair mechanism is the least understood mechanism of Adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. Adriamycin induces pathological remodeling in cardiac cells by promoting apoptosis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. We found that Adriamycin inhibited Notch1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner in H9c2 cells. We used Paeonol, a Notch1 activator, and analyzed the markers of apoptosis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in H9c2 cells in vitro and in adult zebrafish heart in vivo as model systems to study Adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. Paeonol activated Notch1 signaling and expression of its downstream target genes effectively in the Adriamycin-treated condition in vitro and in vivo. Also we detected that Notch activation using Paeonol protected the cells from apoptosis, collagen deposition, and hypertrophy response using functional assays. We conclude that Adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity by promoting the pathological cardiac remodeling through inhibition of Notch1 signaling and that the Notch1 reactivation by Paeonol protected the cells and reversed the cardiotoxicity.
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Susceptibility of betanodavirus in a newly established vertebra-derived cell line from Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:263-273. [PMID: 31845349 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new cell line from the vertebra of mosquitofish Gambusia affinis was successfully established and characterized. The cell line is named as bone Gambusia affinis (BGA) and subcultured for more than 55 passages in Leibovitz's/L15 medium supplemented with 15% FBS at 28°C. The cell line has a modal chromosome number of 48. Molecular characterization of the partial sequence of the coi gene confirmed the origin of the BGA cell line from mosquitofish. These cells exhibited epithelial morphology confirmed by the cytokeratin marker. The BGA cells showed mineralization of their extracellular matrix when stained with alizarin red and von Kossa stain. BGA cells were found to be susceptible to RGNNV and SJNNV strains of betanodavirus (NNV) showing cytopathic effect with multiple vacuolations in the cells. The RT-PCR confirmed the betanodavirus infections in BGA cells. The SEM micrograph showed the morphological changes observed in the cell during virus infection. The in vivo challenge experiment also showed the viral replicating efficiency in the Gambusia affinis with increasing viral titre. Thus, our present results show that the BGA cell line is a useful tool for isolating betanodavirus and could be used to investigate bone cell differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization.
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Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA. LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY 2020; 23:3. [PMID: 33015351 PMCID: PMC7520625 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 Mpc 3 for binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of 1 - 1 + 12 ( 10 - 10 + 52 ) for binary neutron star mergers, of 0 - 0 + 19 ( 1 - 1 + 91 ) for neutron star-black hole mergers, and 17 - 11 + 22 ( 79 - 44 + 89 ) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers.
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Promotional effects of modified TiO2- and carbon-supported V2O5- and MnOx-based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx: a review. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the promotional effects of transition metal modification over TiO2- and carbon-supported V2O5- and MnOx-based SCR catalysts.
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Reduction of locked posterior glenohumeral dislocation using the posterior arthroscopic portal. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019; 102:236-237. [PMID: 31845822 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2019.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Search for Subsolar Mass Ultracompact Binaries in Advanced LIGO's Second Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:161102. [PMID: 31702344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.161102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for subsolar mass ultracompact objects in data obtained during Advanced LIGO's second observing run. In contrast to a previous search of Advanced LIGO data from the first observing run, this search includes the effects of component spin on the gravitational waveform. We identify no viable gravitational-wave candidates consistent with subsolar mass ultracompact binaries with at least one component between 0.2 M_{⊙}-1.0 M_{⊙}. We use the null result to constrain the binary merger rate of (0.2 M_{⊙}, 0.2 M_{⊙}) binaries to be less than 3.7×10^{5} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} and the binary merger rate of (1.0 M_{⊙}, 1.0 M_{⊙}) binaries to be less than 5.2×10^{3} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}. Subsolar mass ultracompact objects are not expected to form via known stellar evolution channels, though it has been suggested that primordial density fluctuations or particle dark matter with cooling mechanisms and/or nuclear interactions could form black holes with subsolar masses. Assuming a particular primordial black hole (PBH) formation model, we constrain a population of merging 0.2 M_{⊙} black holes to account for less than 16% of the dark matter density and a population of merging 1.0 M_{⊙} black holes to account for less than 2% of the dark matter density. We discuss how constraints on the merger rate and dark matter fraction may be extended to arbitrary black hole population models that predict subsolar mass binaries.
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All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars using Advanced LIGO O2 data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.024004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tests of General Relativity with GW170817. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:011102. [PMID: 31386391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo of a gravitational wave signal from a binary neutron star inspiral has enabled tests of general relativity (GR) with this new type of source. This source, for the first time, permits tests of strong-field dynamics of compact binaries in the presence of matter. In this Letter, we place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime. Bounds on modified dispersion of gravitational waves are obtained; in combination with information from the observed electromagnetic counterpart we can also constrain effects due to large extra dimensions. Finally, the polarization content of the gravitational wave signal is studied. The results of all tests performed here show good agreement with GR.
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Development of MART for the Rapid Production of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Loaded with All-Trans Retinoic Acid for Dermal Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:162. [PMID: 30989451 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been regarded as a wonder drug for many dermatological complications; however, its application is limited due to the extreme irritation, and toxicity seen once it has sufficiently concentrated into the bloodstream from the skin. Thus, the present study was aimed to increase the entrapment of ATRA and minimize its transdermal permeation. ATRA incorporated within nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were produced by a green and facile thin lipid-film based microwave-assisted rapid technique (MART). The optimization was carried out using the response surface methodology (RSM)-driven artificial neural network (ANN) coupled with genetic algorithm (GA). The liquid lipid and surfactants were seen to play a very crucial role culminating in the particle size (< 70 nm), zeta potential (< - 32 mV), and entrapment of ATRA (> 98%). ANN-GA-optimized NLCs required a minimal quantity of the surfactants, formed within 2 min and were stable for 1 year at different storage conditions. The optimized NLC-loaded creams showed a skin retention (ex vivo) to an extent of 87.42% with no detectable drug in the receptor fluid (24 h) in comparison to the marketed cream which released 47.32% (12 h) of ATRA. The results were in good correlation with the in vivo skin deposition studies. The NLCs were biocompatible and non-skin irritant based on the primary irritation index. In conclusion, the NLCs were seen to have a very high potential in overcoming the drawbacks of ATRA for dermal delivery and could be produced conveniently by the MART.
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Constraining the p-Mode-g-Mode Tidal Instability with GW170817. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:061104. [PMID: 30822067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the impact of a proposed tidal instability coupling p modes and g modes within neutron stars on GW170817. This nonresonant instability transfers energy from the orbit of the binary to internal modes of the stars, accelerating the gravitational-wave driven inspiral. We model the impact of this instability on the phasing of the gravitational wave signal using three parameters per star: an overall amplitude, a saturation frequency, and a spectral index. Incorporating these additional parameters, we compute the Bayes factor (lnB_{!pg}^{pg}) comparing our p-g model to a standard one. We find that the observed signal is consistent with waveform models that neglect p-g effects, with lnB_{!pg}^{pg}=0.03_{-0.58}^{+0.70} (maximum a posteriori and 90% credible region). By injecting simulated signals that do not include p-g effects and recovering them with the p-g model, we show that there is a ≃50% probability of obtaining similar lnB_{!pg}^{pg} even when p-g effects are absent. We find that the p-g amplitude for 1.4 M_{⊙} neutron stars is constrained to less than a few tenths of the theoretical maximum, with maxima a posteriori near one-tenth this maximum and p-g saturation frequency ∼70 Hz. This suggests that there are less than a few hundred excited modes, assuming they all saturate by wave breaking. For comparison, theoretical upper bounds suggest ≲10^{3} modes saturate by wave breaking. Thus, the measured constraints only rule out extreme values of the p-g parameters. They also imply that the instability dissipates ≲10^{51} erg over the entire inspiral, i.e., less than a few percent of the energy radiated as gravitational waves.
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Brucella melitensis caused abortion in a serologically positive dromedary camel. J CAMEL PRACT RES 2019. [DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2019.00001.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Search for Subsolar-Mass Ultracompact Binaries in Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:231103. [PMID: 30576173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.231103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the first Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo search for ultracompact binary systems with component masses between 0.2 M_{⊙}-1.0 M_{⊙} using data taken between September 12, 2015 and January 19, 2016. We find no viable gravitational wave candidates. Our null result constrains the coalescence rate of monochromatic (delta function) distributions of nonspinning (0.2 M_{⊙}, 0.2 M_{⊙}) ultracompact binaries to be less than 1.0×10^{6} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} and the coalescence rate of a similar distribution of (1.0 M_{⊙}, 1.0 M_{⊙}) ultracompact binaries to be less than 1.9×10^{4} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} (at 90% confidence). Neither black holes nor neutron stars are expected to form below ∼1 M_{⊙} through conventional stellar evolution, though it has been proposed that similarly low mass black holes could be formed primordially through density fluctuations in the early Universe and contribute to the dark matter density. The interpretation of our constraints in the primordial black hole dark matter paradigm is highly model dependent; however, under a particular primordial black hole binary formation scenario we constrain monochromatic primordial black hole populations of 0.2 M_{⊙} to be less than 33% of the total dark matter density and monochromatic populations of 1.0 M_{⊙} to be less than 5% of the dark matter density. The latter strengthens the presently placed bounds from microlensing surveys of massive compact halo objects (MACHOs) provided by the MACHO and EROS Collaborations.
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GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:161101. [PMID: 30387654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.161101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On 17 August 2017, the LIGO and Virgo observatories made the first direct detection of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a neutron star binary system. The detection of this gravitational-wave signal, GW170817, offers a novel opportunity to directly probe the properties of matter at the extreme conditions found in the interior of these stars. The initial, minimal-assumption analysis of the LIGO and Virgo data placed constraints on the tidal effects of the coalescing bodies, which were then translated to constraints on neutron star radii. Here, we expand upon previous analyses by working under the hypothesis that both bodies were neutron stars that are described by the same equation of state and have spins within the range observed in Galactic binary neutron stars. Our analysis employs two methods: the use of equation-of-state-insensitive relations between various macroscopic properties of the neutron stars and the use of an efficient parametrization of the defining function p(ρ) of the equation of state itself. From the LIGO and Virgo data alone and the first method, we measure the two neutron star radii as R_{1}=10.8_{-1.7}^{+2.0} km for the heavier star and R_{2}=10.7_{-1.5}^{+2.1} km for the lighter star at the 90% credible level. If we additionally require that the equation of state supports neutron stars with masses larger than 1.97 M_{⊙} as required from electromagnetic observations and employ the equation-of-state parametrization, we further constrain R_{1}=11.9_{-1.4}^{+1.4} km and R_{2}=11.9_{-1.4}^{+1.4} km at the 90% credible level. Finally, we obtain constraints on p(ρ) at supranuclear densities, with pressure at twice nuclear saturation density measured at 3.5_{-1.7}^{+2.7}×10^{34} dyn cm^{-2} at the 90% level.
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Adriamycin inhibits embryonic development in zebrafish through downregulation of Kruppel-like factor4. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22235. [PMID: 30286259 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adriamycin is an effective anticancer drug used in a wide range of cancers. Anticancer drugs modulate oncogenes and nodal regulatory molecules that affect cell differentiation and organismal development. In this study, we explore the effect of adriamycin on Kruppel-like factor4 (Klf4), an essential pluripotent factor by choosing zebrafish embryos as a model system. Klf4 is involved in the regulation of cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In zebrafish embryogenesis, Klf4 is a major regulator of differentiation of polster in the anterior mesendoderm region of cells into hatching gland cells. The importance of this study is to check the effect of adriamycin on embryonic development. We found, adriamycin dose dependently altered the gene expression level of Klf4 that occurs in parallel to its detrimental effect on hatching. Supportively, cathepsin L and cyclase-associated protein1 are the other two markers of hatching that are altered along with Klf4.
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