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Exploring 'decision regret' in adjuvant-treated melanoma patients: Results from a cross-sectional survey on 200 participants. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38764366 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
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2
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Reducing fracture incidence in children with osteogenesis imperfecta: contribution of orthotics to bisphosphonates treatment. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1416-1421. [PMID: 37067232 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2198259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether there was a reduction in fracture incidence amongst children with OI who were treated with both bisphosphonates and orthoses. OBJECTIVE Was there an additional reduction in fracture incidence amongst children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) treated with both bisphosphonates and Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthosis (HKAFO)? MATERIALS AND METHODS Of the 129 OI patients treated from 1990 to 2017, retrospective data from 48 patients who participated in the bisphosphonates-orthosis regime were analyzed including the incidence of fractures and modalities of fracture treatment. RESULTS Bisphosphonates usage was more frequent than bracing and there were more positive changes (smaller or equal number of fractures each year) than negative changes (more fractures each year); negative changes were scarce, explained by non-compliance with the use of bracing. Poisson regression models were significant for positive changes, whereas the interaction between them was borderline significant. The main finding is that the association between bisphosphonates usage and the number of positive changes was stronger among the patients who used braces more frequently and weaker among patients who used bracing less frequently. CONCLUSIONS Bracing of OI patients has an additive effect on bisphosphonate treatment in fracture prevention which should lead to the reconsideration of a hybrid approach to OI management.
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Support Group Participation Among Patients With Alopecia Areata. JAMA Dermatol 2024; 160:358-360. [PMID: 38324294 PMCID: PMC10851135 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.6037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study describes support group use and experience among patients with alopecia areata.
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When a travel bug gets you down: severe, hypotensive African tick bite fever and response to therapy. Dermatol Online J 2023; 29. [PMID: 38478662 DOI: 10.5070/d329662991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
African tick bite fever, resulting from Rickettsia africae inoculation, is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. We present a United States traveler with African tick bite fever 5 days after she returned from a mission trip to Zimbabwe. The patient exhibited symptomatic hypotension in addition to more typical findings, including fever, fatigue, and a necrotic eschar. The diagnosis was supported by histopathological findings and the patient's symptoms rapidly resolved with oral doxycycline therapy. We believe this case represents the first African tick bite fever diagnosis associated with symptomatic hypotension. This case additionally serves as a reminder of the importance of evaluating patient travel history.
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Patient-Specific Quality Assurance of Deformable Image Registrations Using Atlas for Adaptive Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Trained Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Predicting Therapy Discontinuation Based on Patient Observations in Advanced Breast Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effects of interleukin-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab in patients at high risk of atherosclerotic events in Japan: results from the phase 2 RESCUE-2 trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In the US phase 2 RESCUE trial, ziltivekimab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against the ligand of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, was shown to reduce biomarkers of inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and elevated levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of inflammation and cardiac risk.1 Here, we present outcomes from the phase 2 RESCUE-2 trial of ziltivekimab in a patient population from Japan.
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ziltivekimab 15 mg and 30 mg compared with placebo in Japanese patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD).
Methods
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 36 patients aged ≥20 years with stage 3–5 NDD-CKD and hsCRP ≥2 mg/L. Patients were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous ziltivekimab 15 mg (n=11) or 30 mg (n=12), or placebo (n=13) at weeks 0, 4 and 8. The primary endpoint was percentage change in hsCRP levels from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) (average of week 10 and week 12 values); secondary endpoints included percentage change from baseline to EOT in levels of fibrinogen, serum amyloid A (SAA), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and lipids. Analysis of endpoints was performed using Wilcoxon two-sample test; differences between treatment groups were calculated using the Hodges–Lehmann estimator.
Results
Baseline characteristics are shown in the Table. At EOT, median hsCRP levels were reduced by 96% and 93% in the ziltivekimab 15 mg and 30 mg groups, respectively, compared with 27% for placebo (both p<0.001 vs placebo). At both doses, ziltivekimab provided rapid and sustained suppression of hsCRP over the 12-week treatment period (Figure). Statistically significant reductions in levels of the inflammatory markers SAA (15 mg: 71%; 30 mg: 58%; placebo: 30%; both p<0.01 vs placebo) and fibrinogen (38%; 34%; 2%; both p<0.0001 vs placebo) were also observed. Ziltivekimab was well tolerated, did not result in persistent neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, and had minimal effect on liver enzyme levels. There was a non-significant increase in low-density lipoprotein levels and a neutral effect on high-density lipoprotein levels. There was a limited, but statistically significant (p<0.05 vs placebo) increase in triglycerides, whereby levels increased in some patients and decreased in others.
Conclusion
Ziltivekimab effectively reduced inflammatory biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis in patients from Japan with CKD and residual inflammatory risk as measured by hsCRP. A significant reduction of more than 90% in hsCRP levels for both doses of ziltivekimab was demonstrated, with a safety profile similar to placebo. Overall, the results of the RESCUE-2 trial in Japan are consistent with the efficacy and safety results of the US-based RESCUE trial.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): This study was funded by Novo Nordisk A/S. Medical writing support was provided by Johanna Scheinost PhD, PharmaGenesis Oxford Central, Oxford, UK, with funding from Novo Nordisk A/S.
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Techno‐Economic and Environmental Assessment of Multiple Energy Transition Options – Methodology and Results. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Development of integration mode proton imaging with a single CMOS detector for a small animal irradiation platform. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Nicotiana spp. for the Expression and Purification of Functional IgG3 Antibodies Directed Against the Staphylococcus aureus Alpha Toxin. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.737010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin subclass IgG1 is bound and neutralized effectively by Staphylococcus aureus protein A, allowing the bacterium to evade the host’s adaptive immune response. In contrast, the IgG3 subclass is not bound by protein A and can be used to treat S. aureus infections, including drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the yields of recombinant IgG3 are generally low because this subclass is prone to degradation, and recovery is hindered by the inability to use protein A as an affinity ligand for antibody purification. Here, we investigated plants (Nicotiana spp.) as an alternative to microbes and mammalian cell cultures for the production of an IgG3 antibody specific for the S. aureus alpha toxin. We targeted recombinant IgG3 to different subcellular compartments and tested different chromatography conditions to improve recovery and purification. Finally, we tested the antigen-binding capacity of the purified antibodies. The highest IgG3 levels in planta (>130 mg kg−1 wet biomass) were achieved by targeting the endoplasmic reticulum or apoplast. Although the purity of IgG3 exceeded 95% following protein G chromatography, product recovery requires further improvement. Importantly, the binding affinity of the purified antibodies was in the nanomolar range and thus comparable to previous studies using murine hybridoma cells as the production system.
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Lunch Skipping Behaviors Among Black and Hispanic Adolescents Who Receive Free School Meals. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Long-term effects of an intensive prevention program (IPP) after acute myocardial infarction – the IPP Follow-up and Prevention Boost Trial. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The effects of an intensive prevention program (IPP) for 12 months following 3-week rehabilitation after myocardial infarction (MI) have been proven by the randomized IPP trial. The present study investigates if the effects of IPP persist one year after termination of the program and if a reintervention after >24 months (“prevention boost”) is effective.
Methods
In the IPP trial patients were recruited during hospitalization for acute MI and randomly assigned to IPP versus usual care (UC) one month after discharge (after 3-week rehabilitation). IPP was coordinated by non-physician prevention assistants and included intensive group education sessions, telephone calls, telemetric and clinical control of risk factors. Primary study endpoint was the IPP Prevention Score, a sum score evaluating six major risk factors. The score ranges from 0 to 15 points, with a score of 15 points indicating best risk factor control.
In the present study the effects of IPP were investigated after 24 months – one year after termination of the program. Thereafter, patients of the IPP study arm with at least one insufficiently controlled risk factor were randomly assigned to a 2-months reintervention (“prevention boost”) vs. no reintervention.
Results
At long-term follow-up after 24 months, 129 patients of the IPP study arm were compared to 136 patients of the UC study arm. IPP was associated with a significantly better risk factor control compared to UC at 24 months (IPP Prevention Score 10.9±2.3 points in the IPP group vs. 9.4±2.3 points in the UC group, p<0.01). However, in the IPP group a decrease of risk factor control was observed at the 24-months visit compared to the 12-months visit at the end of the prevention program (IPP Prevention Score 10.9±2.3 points at 24 months vs. 11.6±2.2 points at 12 months, p<0.05, Figure 1).
A 2-months reintervention (“prevention boost”) was effective to improve risk factor control during long-term course: IPP Prevention Score increased from 10.5±2.1 points to 10.7±1.9 points in the reintervention group, while it decreased from 10.5±2.1 points to 9.7±2.1 points in the group without reintervention (p<0.05 between the groups, Figure 1).
Conclusions
IPP was associated with a better risk factor control compared to UC during 24 months; however, a deterioration of risk factors after termination of IPP suggests that even a 12-months prevention program is not long enough. The effects of a short reintervention after >24 months (“prevention boost”) indicate the need for prevention concepts that are based on repetitive personal contacts during long-term course after coronary events.
Figure 1
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Stiftung Bremer Herzen (Bremen Heart Foundation)
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Laser in der Urogynäkologie – Vorläufige Daten einer prospektive Beobachtungsstudie zum dualen Er:YAG thermisch – ablativen Laser Protokoll. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Dietetic Interns Competency to Diagnosing Malnutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Is there a role for cerebral ultrasonography in near-term/term neonates following assisted vaginal delivery? A prospective, single-center study. Early Hum Dev 2020; 147:105101. [PMID: 32518027 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The validity of self-rated psychotic symptoms in depressed inpatients. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 27:547-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundSelf-ratings of psychotic experiences might be biased by depressive symptoms.MethodData from a large naturalistic multicentre trial on depressed inpatients (n = 488) who were assessed on a biweekly basis until discharge were analyzed. Self-rated psychotic symptoms as assessed with the 90-Item Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) were correlated with the SCL-90 total score, the SCL-90 depression score, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 21 item (HAMD-21) total score, the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score and the clinician-rated paranoid-hallucinatory score of the Association for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry (AMDP) scale.ResultsAt discharge the SCL-90 psychosis score correlated highest with the SCL-90 depression score (0.78, P<0.001) and with the BDI total score (0.64, P<0.001). Moderate correlations were found for the MADRS (0.34, P<0.001), HAMD (0.37, P<0.001) and AMDP depression score (0.33, P<0.001). Only a weak correlation was found between the SCL-90 psychosis score and the AMDP paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome score (0.15, P<0.001). Linear regression showed that change in self-rated psychotic symptoms over the treatment course was best explained by a change in the SCL-90 depression score (P<0.001). The change in clinician-rated AMDP paranoid-hallucinatory score had lesser influence (P = 0.02).ConclusionsIn depressed patients self-rated psychotic symptoms correlate poorly with clinician-rated psychotic symptoms. Caution is warranted when interpreting results from epidemiological surveys using self-rated psychotic symptom questionnaires as indicators of psychotic symptoms. Depressive symptoms which are highly prevalent in the general population might influence such self-ratings.
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Abstract
Background and aimsValid assessments require sufficient effort from the part of the testee. Motivation may be compromised, particularly in psychiatric conditions. We examined associations between response bias on free recall and self-reported symptoms in depressed and PTSD patients.Participants and methodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Patients had depression (n = 48), or PTSD or other anxiety disorders (n = 37). A control group (n = 47%) had chronic pain disorder, fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue. The Green Word Memory Test (GWMT) was administered to all subjects. The Structured Inventory of Malingered. Symptomatology (SIMS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were administered in subsamples. Study outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms in Symptom Validity Test (SVT) negative cases.ResultsAverage age of the participants was 45.1 years (SD 9.5), 48.5% were female. GWMT was positive in 52.3% of all cases, GWMT and SIMS were positive in 33.8%, and GWMT and SIMS were negative in 37.7%. No significant group effects on GWMT were found. Average BDI-II scores were 32.8 (SD 13.9) for depressed patients, 28.3 (15.5) for those with anxiety disorders, and 27.6 (14.1) for controls (P = 0.43). Seventy-eight percent of depressed GWMT negative cases reported at least moderate depressive symptoms (BDI-II > 18), and 44.4% severe symptoms (BDI-II > 29). Approximately half of the GWMT negative cases with anxiety disorders and controls scored BDI-II > 18.ConclusionsNon credible test performance is prevalent in disability claimants with affective, mood disorders. However, depressive symptoms per se do not explain poor effort on cognitive tasks.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Upgrading an Integrating Carbon-Ion Transmission Imaging System With Active Scanning Beam Delivery Toward Low Dose Ion Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2948584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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P6434Low serum lathosterol levels predict fatal cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality: a prospective cohort study in patients admitted for coronary angiography. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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P1229Intensive prevention program after myocardial infarction: how can LDL cholesterol be reduced and how long are intensive prevention efforts needed? Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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P1544No associations of plasma oxyphytosterol levels and cardiovascular events in patients admitted for coronary angiography. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Direct Frequency-Comb-Driven Raman Transitions in the Terahertz Range. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:253601. [PMID: 29979052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a femtosecond frequency comb to coherently drive stimulated Raman transitions between terahertz-spaced atomic energy levels. More specifically, we address the 3d ^{2}D_{3/2} and 3d ^{2}D_{5/2} fine structure levels of a single trapped ^{40}Ca^{+} ion and spectroscopically resolve the transition frequency to be ν_{D}=1,819,599,021,534±8 Hz. The achieved accuracy is nearly a factor of five better than the previous best Raman spectroscopy, and is currently limited by the stability of our atomic clock reference. Furthermore, the population dynamics of frequency-comb-driven Raman transitions can be fully predicted from the spectral properties of the frequency comb, and Rabi oscillations with a contrast of 99.3(6)% and millisecond coherence time have been achieved. Importantly, the technique can be easily generalized to transitions in the sub-kHz to tens of THz range and should be applicable for driving, e.g., spin-resolved rovibrational transitions in molecules and hyperfine transitions in highly charged ions.
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Controlling the Local Electronic Properties of Si(553)-Au through Hydrogen Doping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:166801. [PMID: 29756924 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.166801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantitative and reversible method for tuning the charge localization of Au-stabilized stepped Si surfaces by site-specific hydrogenation. This is demonstrated for Si(553)-Au as a model system by combining density functional theory simulations and reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy experiments. We find that controlled H passivation is a two-step process: step-edge adsorption drives excess charge into the conducting metal chain "reservoir" and renders it insulating, while surplus H recovers metallic behavior. Our approach illustrates a route towards microscopic manipulation of the local surface charge distribution and establishes a reversible switch of site-specific chemical reactivity and magnetic properties on vicinal surfaces.
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Preliminary report: Surgical outcomes following genitoplasty in children with moderate to severe genital atypia. J Pediatr Urol 2018; 14:157.e1-157.e8. [PMID: 29398588 PMCID: PMC5970022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies of outcomes following genitoplasty have reported high rates of surgical complications among children with atypical genitalia. Few studies have prospectively assessed outcomes after contemporary surgical approaches. OBJECTIVE The current study reported the occurrence of early postoperative complications and of cosmetic outcomes (as rated by surgeons and parents) at 12 months following contemporary genitoplasty procedures in children born with atypical genitalia. STUDY DESIGN This 11-site, prospective study included children aged ≤2 years, with Prader 3-5 or Quigley 3-6 external genitalia, with no prior genitoplasty and non-urogenital malformations at the time of enrollment. Genital appearance was rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Paired t-tests evaluated differences in cosmesis ratings. RESULTS Out of 27 children, 10 were 46,XY patients with the following diagnoses: gonadal dysgenesis, PAIS or testosterone biosynthetic defect, severe hypospadias and microphallus, who were reared male. Sixteen 46,XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients were reared female and one child with sex chromosome mosaicism was reared male. Eleven children had masculinizing genitoplasty for penoscrotal or perineal hypospadias (one-stage, three; two-stage, eight). Among one-stage surgeries, one child had meatal stenosis (minor) and one developed both urinary retention (minor) and urethrocutaneous fistula (major) (Summary Figure). Among two-stage surgeries, three children developed a major complication: penoscrotal fistula, glans dehiscence or urethral dehiscence. Among 16 children who had feminizing genitoplasty, vaginoplasty was performed in all, clitoroplasty in nine, external genitoplasty in 13, urethroplasty in four, perineoplasty in five, and total urogenital sinus mobilization in two. Two children had minor complications: one had a UTI, and one had both a mucosal skin tag and vaginal mucosal polyp. Two additional children developed a major complication: vaginal stenosis. Cosmesis scores revealed sustained improvements from 6 months post-genitoplasty, as previously reported, with all scores reported as good or satisfied. DISCUSSION In these preliminary data from a multi-site, observational study, parents and surgeons were equally satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes 12 months after genitoplasty. A small number of patients had major complications in both feminizing and masculinizing surgeries; two-stage hypospadias repair had the most major complications. Long-term follow-up of patients at post-puberty will provide a better assessment of outcomes in this population. CONCLUSION In this cohort of children with moderate to severe atypical genitalia, preliminary data on both surgical and cosmetic outcomes were presented. Findings from this study, and from following these children in long-term studies, will help guide practitioners in their discussions with families about surgical management.
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Extracellular citrate impacts hypothalamic mitochondrial function and activates AMPK. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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A typical diffusion monitored by flow cytometry: slow diffusion of small molecules in polyelectrolyte multilayers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:765-772. [PMID: 29256567 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An innovative approach has been developed to measure small molecule diffusion in polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) assembled on colloidal particles by means of flow cytometry (FACS). FACS allows changes in fluorescence emission as a function of time to be recorded per particle in a colloidal dispersion. Dithionite, S2O42-, diffusion in PEMs composed of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and poly styrene sulfonate (PSS) assembled on silica particles has been studied by recording the quenching of (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4yl)amino (NBD) labelled PAH layers by FACS. NBD is reduced when it encounters dithionite, and is therefore no longer fluorescent. The decay in fluorescence will be used to follow the kinetics of dithionite diffusion. The fluorescence decay curves show slow diffusion that does not follow classical Fickean law. However, by assuming that the diffusion coefficient is time dependent and follows an inverse power law in an atypical diffusion case, it was possible to obtain an excellent fit for the decay curves.
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Single-cell analysis by ICP-MS/MS as a fast tool for cellular bioavailability studies of arsenite. Metallomics 2018; 10:73-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00285h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fast and reliable single-cell ICP-MS/MS method is presented to determine the bioavailability of metal species as well as sulfur and phosphorus as internal control after re-suspension of cells in water.
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The Role of EEG Recordings in Children undergoing Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Electrical cardioversion of patients with implanted pacemaker or cardioverter-defibrillator: results of a survey of german centers and systematic review of the literature. Clin Res Cardiol 2017; 107:249-258. [PMID: 29151182 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-017-1178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A relevant number of patients presenting for electrical cardioversion carry a pacemaker (PM) or ICD. Case reports suggest a potential hazard of external cardioversion/defibrillation. The incidence of shock related device complications is unknown. No guidelines or recommendations by international medical societies for a cardioversion protocol of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) patients exist. We conducted a nationwide survey to gather real-world clinical data on the current clinical approach towards these patients during electrical cardioversion and to estimate the incidence of shock-related complications. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety hospitals with > 380 ECV in 2014 were identified from mandatory hospital quality reports and 60 were randomly selected. All centers were provided with a standardized questionnaire on the general proceedings and complications during electrical cardioversion of pacemaker, ICD and CRT patients (CIED patients). Thirty-two centers (53%) participated in the survey. In total, 16,554 ECV were reported (534 ± 314 per center). Biphasic cardioversion with a first shock energy of ≥ 150 J via adhesive patches in antero-posterior orientation was preferred by most centers (78%). Eleven percent (n = 1809) of pts were reported to carry a PM/ICD. The ECV protocol was heterogeneous among centers. Complications associated with electrical cardioversion were reported in 11/1809 patients (0.6%), all were transitory elevations of pacing thresholds. CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide snapshot survey of cardioversion procedures in Germany, approximately 11% of patients presenting for elective electrical cardioversion were pacemaker or ICD carriers. Cardioversion protocols in these patients are heterogeneous throughout centers and mostly not in accordance with recommendation of the German Cardiac Society. Complications associated with external electrical cardioversion are rare. Controlled trials and large registries are necessary to provide evidence for future recommendations.
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Effects of arsenolipids on in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:823-832. [PMID: 29058019 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs), a subgroup of arsenolipids (AsLs) occurring in fish and edible algae, possess a substantial neurotoxic potential in fully differentiated human brain cells. Previous in vivo studies indicating that AsHCs cross the blood-brain barrier of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster raised the question whether AsLs could also cross the vertebrate blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the present study, we investigated the impact of several representatives of AsLs (AsHC 332, AsHC 360, AsHC 444, and two arsenic-containing fatty acids, AsFA 362 and AsFA 388) as well as of their metabolites (thio/oxo-dimethylpropionic acid, dimethylarsinic acid) on porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCECs, in vitro model for the blood-brain barrier). AsHCs exerted the strongest cytotoxic effects of all investigated arsenicals as they were up to fivefold more potent than the toxic reference species arsenite (iAsIII). In our in vitro BBB-model, we observed a slight transfer of AsHC 332 across the BBB after 6 h at concentrations that do not affect the barrier integrity. Furthermore, incubation with AsHCs for 72 h led to a disruption of the barrier at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. The subsequent immunocytochemical staining of three tight junction proteins revealed a significant impact on the cell membrane. Because AsHCs enhance the permeability of the in vitro blood-brain barrier, a similar behavior in an in vivo system cannot be excluded. Consequently, AsHCs might facilitate the transfer of accompanying foodborne toxicants into the brain.
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A uniform method for the simultaneous blood group phenotyping of Fya
, Fyb
, Jka
, Jkb
, S, s̅, P1, k applying lateral-flow technique. Vox Sang 2017; 113:177-184. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Observation of the spin Nernst effect. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:977-981. [PMID: 28892056 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The observation of the spin Hall effect triggered intense research on pure spin current transport. With the spin Hall effect, the spin Seebeck effect and the spin Peltier effect already observed, our picture of pure spin current transport is almost complete. The only missing piece is the spin Nernst (-Ettingshausen) effect, which so far has been discussed only on theoretical grounds. Here, we report the observation of the spin Nernst effect. By applying a longitudinal temperature gradient, we generate a pure transverse spin current in a Pt thin film. For readout, we exploit the magnetization-orientation-dependent spin transfer to an adjacent yttrium iron garnet layer, converting the spin Nernst current in Pt into a controlled change of the longitudinal and transverse thermopower voltage. Our experiments show that the spin Nernst and the spin Hall effect in Pt are of comparable magnitude, but differ in sign, as corroborated by first-principles calculations.
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Abstract
Strand breaks and conformational changes of DNA have consequences for the physiological role of DNA. The natural protecting molecule ectoine is beneficial to entire bacterial cells and biomolecules such as proteins by mitigating detrimental effects of environmental stresses. It was postulated that ectoine-like molecules bind to negatively charged spheres that mimic DNA surfaces. We investigated the effect of ectoine on DNA and whether ectoine is able to protect DNA from damages caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV-A). In order to determine different isoforms of DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy experiments were carried out with plasmid pUC19 DNA. Our quantitative results revealed that a prolonged incubation of DNA with ectoine leads to an increase in transitions from supercoiled (undamaged) to open circular (single-strand break) conformation at pH 6.6. The effect is pH dependent and no significant changes were observed at physiological pH of 7.5. After UV-A irradiation in ectoine solution, changes in DNA conformation were even more pronounced and this effect was pH dependent. We hypothesize that ectoine is attracted to the negatively charge surface of DNA at lower pH and therefore fails to act as a stabilizing agent for DNA in our in vitro experiments.
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P2476Assessment and control of physical activity by step counters and online documentation in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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2200Adherence to cardiac surgical waitlist guidelines is a poor predictor of cardiac surgery waitlist mortality. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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ROBOT COMPANIONS FOR STROKE THERAPY-THE ACCEPTANCE OF ASSISTIVE ROBOTICS AMONG 80 PATIENTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Orientation et structure de films de sexithiophène (6T) déposés sur couches de PTFE orientées par friction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/jcp/1995920963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Prospective assessment of cosmesis before and after genital surgery. J Pediatr Urol 2017; 13:28.e1-28.e6. [PMID: 27887913 PMCID: PMC5894813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little data exist about the surgical interventions taking place for children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Most studies that have evaluated cosmetic outcomes after genitoplasty have included retrospective ratings by a physician at a single center. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to: 1) describe frequency of sex assignment, and types of surgery performed in a cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe genital ambiguity; and 2) prospectively determine cosmesis ratings by parents and surgeons before and after genital surgery. STUDY DESIGN This prospective, observational study included children aged <2 years of age, with no prior genitoplasty at the time of enrollment, moderate-to-severe genital atypia, and being treated at one of 11 children's hospitals in the United States of America (USA). Clinical information was collected, including type of surgery performed. Parents and the local pediatric urologist rated the cosmetic appearance of the child's genitalia prior to and 6 months after genitoplasty. RESULTS Of the 37 children meeting eligibility criteria, 20 (54%) had a 46,XX karyotype, 15 (40%) had a 46,XY karyotype, and two (5%) had sex chromosome mosaicism. The most common diagnosis overall was congenital adrenal hyperplasia (54%). Thirty-five children had surgery; 21 received feminizing genitoplasty, and 14 had masculinizing genitoplasty. Two families decided against surgery. At baseline, 22 mothers (63%), 14 fathers (48%), and 35 surgeons (100%) stated that they were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the appearance of the child's genitalia. Surgeons rated the appearance of the genitalia significantly worse than mothers (P < 0.001) and fathers (P ≤ 0.001) at baseline. At the 6-month postoperative visit, cosmesis ratings improved significantly for all groups (P < 0.001 for all groups). Thirty-two mothers (94%), 26 fathers (92%), and 31 surgeons (88%) reported either a good outcome, or they were satisfied (see Summary Figure); there were no significant between-group differences in ratings. DISCUSSION This multicenter, observational study showed surgical interventions being performed at DSD centers in the USA. While parent and surgeon ratings were discordant pre-operatively, they were generally concordant postoperatively. Satisfaction with postoperative cosmesis does not necessarily equate with satisfaction with the functional outcome later in life. CONCLUSION In this cohort of children with genital atypia, the majority had surgery. Parents and surgeons all rated the appearance of the genitalia unfavorably before surgery, with surgeons giving worse ratings than parents. Cosmesis ratings improved significantly after surgery, with no between-group differences.
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Arsenolipids exert less toxicity in a human neuron astrocyte co-culture as compared to the respective monocultures. Metallomics 2017; 9:442-446. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00036g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Improvement of pharmacokinetics and myeloid effector cell engagement in vivo by Fc-engineering of IgA antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)33027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Mediated DNA Repair in Irradiated Salivary Glands Is Sirtuin-1 Dependent. J Dent Res 2016; 96:225-232. [PMID: 28106504 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516677529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is one of the most common cancer treatments; however, the treatment leads to a wide range of debilitating side effects. In patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), the surrounding normal salivary gland is extremely sensitive to therapeutic radiation, and damage to this tissue results in various oral complications and decreased quality of life (QOL). In the current study, mice treated with targeted head and neck radiation showed a significant increase in double-stranded breaks (DSB) in the DNA of parotid salivary gland cells immediately after treatment, and this remained elevated 3 h posttreatment. In contrast, mice pretreated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) showed resolution of the same amount of initial DNA damage by 3 h posttreatment. At acute time points (30 min to 2 h), irradiated parotid glands had significantly decreased levels of the histone deactylase Sirtuin-1 (SirT-1) which has been previously shown to function in DNA repair. Pretreatment with IGF-1 increased SirT-1 protein levels and increased deacetylation of SirT-1 targets involved in DNA repair. Pharmacological inhibition of SirT-1 activity decreased the IGF-1-mediated resolution of DSB. These data suggest that IGF-1 promotes DNA repair in irradiated parotid glands through the maintenance and activation of SirT-1.
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Are balance and gait related to diagonal and lateral weight shifts in ambulatory people post stroke? Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Multistate Outbreak of Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Pet Hedgehogs - United States, 2011-2013. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:290-298. [PMID: 27734610 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic Salmonella infections cause approximately 130 000 illnesses annually in the United States. Of 72.9 million US households owning at least one pet, five million own small mammals; 3000 hedgehogs were documented by USDA in USDA-licensed breeding facilities and pet stores in 2012. State health department collaborators and PulseNet, the national bacterial subtyping network, identified human infections of a Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak strain, which were investigated by CDC, USDA-APHIS and state public and animal health officials. A case was defined as an illness in a person infected with the outbreak strain identified between 1 December 2011 and 3 June 2013. Investigators collected information on patient exposures, cultured animal and environmental specimens for Salmonella, and conducted traceback investigations of USDA-licensed hedgehog facilities. There were 26 cases in 12 states. Illness onset dates ranged from 26 December 2011 to 8 April 2013. The median patient age was 15 years (range = <1-91 years); 58% were female. Among 23 persons with available information, 8 (35%) were hospitalized and one outbreak strain-associated death was reported. Of 25 patients with available information, 20 (80%) reported pet hedgehog contact in the week before illness onset. The outbreak strain was isolated from animal and environmental samples collected from three ill persons' homes in three states. Hedgehogs were purchased in geographically distant states from USDA-licensed breeders (10/17, 59%); a USDA-licensed pet store (1/17, 6%); unlicensed or unknown status breeders (3/17, 18%); and private individuals (3/17, 18%). Traceback investigations of USDA-licensed facilities did not reveal a single source of infection. Public and animal health collaboration linked pet hedgehog contact to human infections of Salmonella Typhimurium, highlighting the importance of a One Health investigative approach to zoonotic salmonellosis outbreaks. More efforts are needed to increase awareness among multiple stakeholders on the risk of illness associated with pet hedgehogs.
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QUALITY OF LIFE AND FRAILTY FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Superficial Siderosis after Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:2389-2391. [PMID: 27633808 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Germinal matrix hemorrhage is a frequent complication of prematurity and can be associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome, depending on its severity. In addition to parenchymal damage, intraventricular residues of hemorrhage and hydrocephalus MR imaging findings include superficial siderosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and location of superficial siderosis in patients with a history of germinal matrix hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with a history of germinal matrix hemorrhage who underwent MR imaging in our institution between 2008 and 2016. Imaging was evaluated for the presence and location of superficial siderosis. The presence of subependymal siderosis and evidence of hydrocephalus were assessed. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients with a history of germinal matrix hemorrhage were included; 86.5% had preterm births. The mean age at the first MR imaging was 386 days (range 2-5140 days). The prevalence of superficial siderosis was 67.6%. Superficial siderosis was detected significantly more often when MR imaging was performed within the first year of life (82.8% versus 12.5%, P < .000). When present, superficial siderosis was located infratentorially in all cases, while additional supratentorial superficial siderosis was detectable in 27%. CONCLUSIONS Here we report that superficial siderosis is a common MR imaging finding in the first year of life of patients with a history of germinal matrix hemorrhage, but it dissolves and has a low prevalence thereafter. A prospective analysis of its initial severity and speed of dissolution during this first year might add to our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental impairment after germinal matrix hemorrhages.
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MON-LB274: Outcome after Preoperative Immunonutrition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Implementation of Intuitive Eating Concepts Proves Challenging In a Military Population Participating In a 10-Week My Body Knows When Program. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Baseline Lung Allograft Dysfunction Negatively Impacts Survival Following Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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