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Shim KS, Park M, Yang WK, Lee H, Kim SH, Choo BK, Chae S, Kim HK, Kim T, Kim KM. Veronica persica Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice, Likely by Inducing Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1267. [PMID: 37371997 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is chronic allergic contact dermatitis with immune dysregulation. Veronica persica has pharmacological activity that prevents asthmatic inflammation by ameliorating inflammatory cell activation. However, the potential effects of the ethanol extract of V. persica (EEVP) on AD remain elusive. This study evaluated the activity and underlying molecular pathway of EEVP in two AD models: dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced mice and interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated human HaCaT keratinocytes. EEVP attenuated the DNCB-induced increase in serum immunoglobulin E and histamine levels, mast cell counts in toluidine-blue-stained dorsal skin, inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, and IL-13) levels in cultured splenocytes, and the mRNA expression of IL6, IL13, IL31 receptor, CCR-3, and TNFα in dorsal tissue. Additionally, EEVP inhibited the IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of IL6, IL13, and CXCL10 in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, EEVP restored the IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced downregulation of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in HaCaT cells by inducing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. A molecular docking analysis demonstrated that EEVP components have a strong affinity to the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Kelch domain. In summary, EEVP inhibits inflammatory AD by attenuating immune cell activation and inducing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in skin keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Shuk Shim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Musun Park
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Lee
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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Park J, Min S, Chae S. P207 Postoperative outcomes of replacement technique using the acellular dermal matrix as filler for BCS patients. Breast 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(23)00325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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Shim KS, Song HK, Hwang YH, Chae S, Kim HK, Jang S, Kim YH, Choo BK, Yang WK, Kim SH, Kim T, Kim KM. Ethanol extract of Veronica persica ameliorates house dust mite-induced asthmatic inflammation by inhibiting STAT-3 and STAT-6 activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113264. [PMID: 35696941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Veronica persica is a flowering plant belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Here, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the ethanol extract of Veronica persica (EEVP) in an airway inflammation model. We examined airway responsiveness to aerosolized methacholine, serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels, and total cell numbers in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histological analysis of the lung tissue was performed using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, or periodic acid-Schiff staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in the lung and BALF was applied to clarify the changes in immune cell types. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were applied to investigate cytokine levels and gene expression related to airway inflammation. STAT-3/6 phosphorylation was examined in primary bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells using western blot analysis. EEVP significantly suppressed total IgE levels and methacholine-induced increase of Penh value in the HDM-challenged mouse model. EEVP also attenuated the severity of airway remodeling in lung tissues and decreased eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs and BALF. EEVP significantly reduced the production of cytokines in BAL and splenocyte culture medium, and the expression of mRNAs related to airway inflammation in the lung tissue. EEVP suppressed IL-4/13-induced STAT-3/6 phosphorylation in the epithelial cells. We showed for the first time that EEVP effectively inhibits eosinophilic airway inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors for T cell activation and polarization, and inhibits MCP-1 production of bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells by suppressing STAT-3/6 activation. EEVP may be a potential pharmacological agent to prevent inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Shuk Shim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Im AR, Ji KY, Nam J, Yoon J, Cha S, Seo YK, Chae S, Kim JY. Wrinkle reduction using a Sasang constitutional medicine-based topical herbal cream in So-eum subjects: A split-face randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Integr Med Res 2022; 11:100752. [PMID: 34345586 PMCID: PMC8319370 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin aging is caused by exogenous and endogenous factors and is commonly manifested as wrinkling, sagging, and looseness of the skin. The herbal extract including Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Atractylodes chinensis (Bunge) Kodiz, Curcuma longa L., and Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl (ZACC extract), is widely used for So-eum (SE) Sasang constitutional type individuals. This study aimed to examine the protective effects of the ZACC extract against skin aging in 21 SE type subjects. METHODS The safety and clinical efficacy of herbal cream were evaluated after application on human skin in a split-face randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Sasang Constitution Analysis Tool (SCAT) was used to select 21 SE type subjects, who applied herbal cream and placebo cream for 12 weeks. Visual assessment, wrinkle parameters, questionnaires, and skin safety were evaluated. RESULTS The visual assessment score was decreased by using of the herbal cream, but there were no significant differences between groups. Among the wrinkle parameters, R1 (skin roughness) and R4 (smoothness depth) values were significantly improved after the application of the herbal cream compared to those observed after application of the placebo cream for 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed in evaluation of the product efficacy and usability by questionnaires. There were no adverse dermatologic reactions in the SE type subjects during the evaluation period. CONCLUSION The ZACC herbal cream may be used to prevent or slow skin aging, including wrinkle formation, in SE type individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Nam
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yoon
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Cha
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyoung Seo
- Dermapro, Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yeol Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kim KM, Im AR, Lee JY, Kim T, Ji KY, Park DH, Chae S. Hesperidin Inhibits UVB-Induced VEGF Production and Angiogenesis via the Inhibition of PI3K/Akt Pathway in HR-1 Hairless Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1492-1498. [PMID: 34602557 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin is a citrus flavanone glycoside with potent anti-inflammatory effects that interferes with UVB-stimulated angiogenesis in skin, but its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of hesperidin on UVB-induced angiogenesis in HR-1 hairless mice. We found hesperidin treatment inhibited skin neovascularization skin induced by repetitive UVB light exposure. Exposure to UVB radiation induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), and MMP-9, but we found all of these were inhibited by treatment with hesperidin. Using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, we also found hesperidin inhibited the increase in hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)α expression induced by UVB exposure. After discovering that UVB induces VEGF expression via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways, we found hesperidin reduces UVB-induced VEGF expression by inhibiting UVB-induced PI3K activity. This, in turn, reduces the UVB-induced Akt/p70S6K phosphorylation in human primary keratinocytes and fibroblast cells. Because it affects the mediators of angiogenesis, our data suggest hesperidin has an anti-angiogenic effect on the pathologic skin neovascularization induced by UVB light. Thus, hesperidin may prove useful in the treatment of skin injuries caused by UVB light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | | | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
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Park I, Song JH, Yang S, Chae S, Moon BC. Plastid Phylogenomic Data Offers Novel Insights Into the Taxonomic Status of the Trichosanthes kirilowii Complex (Cucurbitaceae) in South Korea. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:559511. [PMID: 34386020 PMCID: PMC8353159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.559511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trichosanthes is a genus in Cucurbitaceae comprising 90-100 species. Trichosanthes species are valuable as herbaceous medicinal ingredients. The fruits, seeds, and roots of species such as T. kirilowii and T. rosthornii are used in Korean traditional herbal medicines. T. rosthornii is only found in China, whereas in South Korea two varieties, T. kirilowii var. kirilowii and T. kirilowii var. japonica, are distributed. T. kirilowii var. kirilowii and T. kirilowii var. japonica have different fruit and leaf shapes but are recognized as belonging to the same species. Furthermore, although its members have herbal medicine applications, genomic information of the genus is still limited. The broad goals of this study were (i) to evaluate the taxonomy of Trichosanthes using plastid phylogenomic data and (ii) provide molecular markers specific for T. kirilowii var. kirilowii and T. kirilowii var. japonica, as these have differences in their pharmacological effectiveness and thus should not be confused and adulterated. Comparison of five Trichosanthes plastid genomes revealed locally divergent regions, mainly within intergenic spacer regions (trnT-UGU-trnL-UAA: marker name Tri, rrn4.5-rrn5: TRr, trnE-UUC-trnT-GGU: TRtt). Using these three markers as DNA-barcodes for important herbal medicine species in Trichosanthes, the identity of Trichosanthes material in commercial medicinal products in South Korea could be successfully determined. Phylogenetic analysis of the five Trichosanthes species revealed that the species are clustered within tribe Sicyoeae. T. kirilowii var. kirilowii and T. rosthornii formed a clade with T. kirilowii var. japonica as their sister group. As T. kirilowii in its current circumscription is paraphyletic and as the two varieties can be readily distinguished morphologically (e.g., in leaf shape), T. kirilowii var. japonica should be treated (again) as an independent species, T. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Song
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
| | - Sungyu Yang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
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Kim E, Cho MR, Byun SH, A Lim J, Chae S, Choi WK, Kim I, Kim J. Sympathetic predominance before tourniquet deflation is associated with a reduction in arterial blood pressure after tourniquet deflation during total knee arthroplasty. Physiol Res 2021; 70:401-412. [PMID: 33982581 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High dependency of arterial blood pressure (ABP) on enhanced sympathetic activity, which maintains vascular tone, leads to hypotension after hemodynamic insults that blunt the sympathetic activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that sympathovagal balance before tourniquet deflation (TD) determines the extent of a reduction in ABP after TD during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Fifty-four hypertensive female patients undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia were analyzed. The sympathovagal balance [low-to-high frequency ratio of heart rate variability (LF/HF)] before TD was defined as (LF/HF during 5 min before TD-preanesthetic LF/HF)/preanesthetic LF/HF (%). An increase in its value represents a shift in sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance. The percent change in the mean ABP (MAP) after TD was defined as (minimum MAP during 10 min after TD-averaged MAP during 5 min before TD)/averaged MAP during 5 min before TD (%). Simple linear regression was performed to assess the correlation between the sympathovagal balance before TD and change in MAP after TD. The correlation was also assessed by multiple linear regression controlling for age, duration of tourniquet inflation, and spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. Thirty-two minutes (on average) after tourniquet inflation, the MAP was decreased by 12.1 (-3.0 to 47.9) % [mean (range)] upon TD (P<0.001). The sympathovagal balance before TD was negatively proportional to the change in MAP after TD in both simple and multiple linear regression models (R2=0.323 and 0.340, P<0.001). A shift in sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance before TD is associated with a decrease in ABP after TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Ji KY, Kim KM, Kim YH, Shim KS, Lee JY, Kim T, Chae S. Serum Starvation Sensitizes Anticancer Effect of Anemarrhena asphodeloides via p38/JNK-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Am J Chin Med 2021; 49:1001-1016. [PMID: 33827386 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (A. asphodeloides) on colon cancer is unknown. This is the first study evaluating the anticancer effect of A. asphodeloides extract (AA-Ex) in serum-starved colorectal cancer cells. Changes in cell proliferation and morphology in serum-starved MC38 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells were investigated using MTS assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry, and cell cycle regulator expression was determined using qRT-PCR. Apoptosis regulator protein levels and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation were assessed using western blotting. AA-Ex sensitively suppressed proliferation of serum-starved colorectal cancer cells, with MC38 and HCT116 cells showing greater changes in proliferation after treatment with AA-Ex under serum starvation than HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. AA-Ex inhibited cell cycle progression in serum-starved MC38 and HCT116 cells and increased the expression of cell cycle inhibitors (p53, p21, and p27). Furthermore, AA-Ex induced apoptosis in serum-starved MC38 and HCT116 cells. Consistently, AA-Ex suppressed the expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and upregulated pro-apoptotic molecules (cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP) in serum-starved cells. AA-Ex treatment under serum starvation decreased AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the cell survival signaling pathway but increased p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Furthermore, AA-Ex treatment with serum starvation increased the levels of the transcription factors of the p38 and JNK pathway. Serum starvation sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to the anticancer effect of A. asphodeloidesvia p38/JNK-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hence, AA-Ex possesses therapeutic potential for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.,Korean Life Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Shuk Shim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.,Korean Life Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Kim KM, Lee JY, Jeon BH, Quan KT, Na M, Nam KW, Chae S. Extract of Curcuma zedoaria R. prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:319-328. [PMID: 34093973 PMCID: PMC8155225 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Curcuma zedoaria R. (Zingiberaceae) has been used to treat headache, fever, and hypertension-related symptoms in Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan. We investigated whether dietary intake of a C. zedoaria extract (CzE) affected atherosclerosis in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice (n = 32) were fed a normal diet (ND), a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), an HCD containing CzE (100 mg/kg/day), or an HCD containing simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. The anti-atherosclerotic effects were evaluated by observing changes in fatty streak lesions, immunohistochemical analysis, ex vivo fluorescence imaging, lipid profiles, and western blot analysis. RESULTS The CzE-fed group showed a 41.6% reduction of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, CzE significantly reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, the chemokine (C-X3-C-motif) ligand 1, the adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin; down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, high mobility group box-1, and cathepsin levels in the aortic sinuses and aortas of ApoE−/− mice were also observed. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the inclusion of a water extract of C. zedoaria in a HCD is closely correlated with reducing the risk of vascular inflammatory diseases in an ApoE mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.,Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Khong Trong Quan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.,Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Im AR, Ji KY, Nam KW, Chae S. Protective effects of Sosihotang extract against ultraviolet B-induced skin photoageing in hairless mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1278-1286. [PMID: 32618003 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sosihotang (SSH) is an herbal medicine traditionally used against the common cold, and hepatic and gastric diseases, in Northeast Asia. In this study, we investigated whether SSH extract can protect against UVB-induced skin damage and photoageing. METHODS HaCaT cells were treated with SSH extract and exposed UVB irradiation at 20 mJ/cm2 . Hairless mice were orally administered SSH extract (100 mg/kg per mouse) as UVB irradiation was increased from 60 to 120 mJ/cm2 over the course of 12 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with SSH extract inhibited the upregulation of MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. In UVB-irradiated hairless mice, treatment with SSH extract restored the levels of factors instrumental in skin hydration (TEWL, capacitance, HA and TGF-β) and those regulating collagen content (procollagen, MMP-1 and MMP-9). This activity inhibited epidermal thickening and disorganization of collagen fibres. Administration of SSH extract also ameliorated the expression of UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and phosphorylation of MAPK family members (MEK, JNK, ERK and p38) by upregulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, Nrf-2, HO-1 and NQO-1). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SSH extract can be used therapeutically for the treatment of UVB-induced skin damage and photoageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Abstract
It is well known that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease worldwide because of unhealthy changes in dietary habits. In this study, we determined the effects of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 extract (TML) and Allomyrina dichotoma Linnaeus, 1771 larvae extract (ADL) in cellular and animal models. In vitro, TML and ADL treatments did not cause cytotoxicity, but attenuated the accumulation of lipid in HepG2 cells induced by free fatty acids. In vivo, mice were orally treated with TML and ADL for 10 weeks during high-fat diet feeding. TML and ADL administration significantly reduced the weight of body, liver tissue, and adipose tissue. Serum lipid profiles, hepatic functional parameters, and glucose levels were ameliorated by TML and ADL. Moreover, TML and ADL suppressed increased lipogenesis and inflammation-related makers, and improved antioxidant enzyme activity. In liver tissue, the decreased lipid accumulation by administration of TML and ADL was observed using Oil Red O and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Therefore, we suggest that TML and ADL may be having a therapeutic potential and is used to develop a therapeutic agent for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Shuk Shim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,University of Science and Technology (UST), Korean Medicine Life Science, Daejeon Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,University of Science and Technology (UST), Korean Medicine Life Science, Daejeon Korea
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Im AR, Nam J, Ji KY, Cha S, Yoon J, Seo YK, Chae S, Kim JY. Wrinkle reduction using a topical herbal cream in subjects classified by Sasang constitutional medicine as Soyang type: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Im AR, Park I, Ji KY, Lee JY, Kim KM, Na M, Chae S. Protective effects of Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mishchenko against ultraviolet B-induced photodamage in hairless mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:286. [PMID: 31660950 PMCID: PMC6819654 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Edible insects, including Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mishchenko (Oc), which is consumed as food in Asia, are considered as a human food shortage alternative, and also as a preventive measure against environmental destruction. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, which causes skin photodamage, is considered as an extrinsic skin aging factor. It reduces skin hydration, and increases wrinkle formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokine expression. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the anti-aging effects of an ethanol extract of Oc (Oc.Ex). Methods A UVB-irradiated hairless mouse model was used to examine relevant changes in skin hydration, wrinkle formation, and skin epidermal thickness. Also, antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed, and Oc. Ex skin protective effects against UVB irradiation-induced photoaging were examined by determining the levels of skin hydration factors. Results Oc.Ex improved epidermal barrier dysfunctions such as increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and capacitance reduction in UVB-irradiated mice. It upregulated skin hydration-related markers, including hyaluronic acid (HA), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and pro-collagen, in UVB-irradiated mice, compared with the vehicle control group. It also reduced UVB-induced wrinkle formation, collagen degradation, and epidermal thickness. Additionally, it remarkably suppressed the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and restored the activity of SOD and CAT in UVB-irradiated mice, compared with the vehicle control group. Furthermore, Oc. Ex treatment downregulated the production of inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway activated by UVB irradiation. Conclusion This study revealed that Oc. Ex reduced skin thickness and the degradation of collagen fibers by increasing hydration markers and collagen-regulating factors in the skin of UVB-irradiated mice. It also inhibited UVB-induced antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory cytokine expression via MAPK signaling downregulation, suggesting that it prevents UVB-induced skin damage and photoaging, and has potential for clinical development in skin disease treatment.
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Ji KY, Kim KM, Oh JJ, Kim JW, Lee WJ, Cho H, Lee HK, Lee JY, Chae S. Assessment of the 4-week repeated-dose oral toxicity and genotoxicity of GHX02. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:270-284. [PMID: 31515828 PMCID: PMC7004199 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are widely utilized for disease prevention and health promotion. GHX02 consists of mixtures including Gwaruin (Trichosanthes kirilowii), Haengin (Prunus armeniaca), Hwangryeon (Coptis japonica) and Hwangkeum (Scutellaria baicalensis). It has been purported to have therapeutic effectiveness in cases of severe bronchitis. Non‐clinical safety testing comprised a single‐dose oral toxicity study and a 28‐day repeated‐dose oral toxicity study with a 14‐day recovery period, and genotoxicity was assessed by a bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). In the single‐dose oral toxicity study, the approximate lethal dosage is estimated to be higher than 5000 mg/kg in rats. Thus, the dosage levels were set at 0, 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg/day in the 28‐day repeated‐dose oral toxicity study, and 10 male rats and 10 female rats/dose were administered GHX02. No clinical signs of toxicological significance were recorded in any animal during the dosing and the observation period in the single‐dose study. The no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level of GHX02 was 5000 mg/kg/day when administered orally for 28 days to male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Despite increases in the frequencies of cells with numerical chromosomal aberration in the in vitro test, the increases were not considered relevant to the in vivo genetic risk. Except for the increase of in vitro numerical chromosomal aberration, clear negative results were obtained from other genetic toxicity studies. GHX02 consists of mixtures including Gwaruin, Haengin, Hwangryeon and Hwangkeum. This study aimed to evaluate the 4‐week repeated‐dose oral toxicity and genotoxicity of GHX02. GHX02 exhibits no general toxic and genotoxic effects and the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level of GHX02 could be established in 5000 mg/kg/day in both male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ja Oh
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kim
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Joo Lee
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Cho
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kul Lee
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Im AR, Seo YK, Cho SH, O KH, Kim KM, Chae S. Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a timosaponin A-III-based antiwrinkle agent against skin aging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:423-436. [PMID: 31215156 PMCID: PMC7003920 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timosaponin A-III (TA-III) is known to exist in the medicinal herb of Anemarrhena asphodeloides as one of major chemical components. AIMS The photoprotective properties of TA-III on UVB-exposed HaCaT cells were evaluated on the antiwrinkle effects and skin safety in terms of clinical trial. METHODS The level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in HaCaT cells following UVB irradiation. To evaluate the clinical safety of an agent containing 0.25% of TA-III for use on human skin. Female subjects (n = 21) between the ages of 43 and 55 who met the criteria for subject selection were selected. They were beginning to form or had already formed wrinkles. RESULTS UVB irradiation increased MMP-1 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These increases were attenuated by TA-III pretreatment of UVB-exposed HaCaT cells. We found that the agent containing 0.25% of TA-III ameliorated skin wrinkling. A comparison between groups showed that wrinkle parameters were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of product use (P < 0.05). According to skin safety result, TA-III showed no dermatological toxicity was found in participants. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TA-III could provide protection against photoaging and daily application of TA-III for 12 weeks significantly reduced signs of facial aging by limiting wrinkle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Kyoung Seo
- Dermapro, Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Cosmetics & Cosmeceuticals, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Ji KY, Kim KM, Kim YH, Im AR, Lee JY, Park B, Na M, Chae S. The enhancing immune response and anti-inflammatory effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Phytomedicine 2019; 59:152789. [PMID: 31009851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemarrhena asphodeloides has been widely used in traditional medicine for thousands of years; it has been reported to improve learning and memory, and to reduce inflammation. However, the role of A. asphodeloides in enhancing the immune response has remained unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A. asphodeloides extract (AA-Ex) on enhancing the immune response in macrophages and to identify the active compounds causing these effects. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS To determine the enhancing immune response of AA-Ex and its active compounds, cell proliferation and cell cycle of RAW 264.7 cells were analyzed by MTS assay and flow cytometry. The gene expression of p53, p27, cyclin D2, and cyclin E2 was measured by real-time PCR. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of AA-Ex and its active compounds, the production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by Griess reagent, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR. The phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, inhibitory kappa B alpha, and p65 was examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS AA-Ex increased cell proliferation by extending the cell cycle S-phase; timosaponin B and timosaponin B-II affected cell proliferation and the cell cycle as active compounds of A. asphodeloides. Next, we determined that A. asphodeloides displayed anti-inflammatory effects, including the inhibition of the production of NO, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B phosphorylation downstream of the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Moreover, we identified that timosaponin B and timosaponin B-II were the active compounds for these effects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that A. asphodeloides promotes the immune response and has anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, timosaponin B and B-II played important roles as the active compounds of A. asphodeloides in enhancing the immune and anti-inflammatory responses in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Im AR, Ji KY, Park I, Lee JY, Kim KM, Na M, Chae S. Anti-Photoaging Effects of Four Insect Extracts by Downregulating Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Signaling. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051159. [PMID: 31126154 PMCID: PMC6566685 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are some of the most diverse organisms on the planet, and have potential value as food or medicine. Here, we investigated the photoprotective properties of insect extracts using hairless mice. The alleviating wrinkle formation effects of insect extracts were evaluated by histological skin analysis to determine epidermal thickness and identify collagen fiber damage. Moreover, we investigated the ability of the insect extracts to alleviate UVB-induced changes to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), oxidative damage, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Insect extracts reduced UVB-induced skin winkles, epidermal thickening, and collagen breakdown, and alleviated the epidermal barrier dysfunction induced by UVB, including the increased loss of transepidermal water. Moreover, the expression of skin hydration-related markers such as hyaluronic acid, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and procollagen was upregulated in the group treated with insect extracts compared to the vehicle-treated group after ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. UVB irradiation also upregulated the expression of MMPs, the phosphorylation of MAPKs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which were all attenuated by the oral administration of insect extracts. These results indicate the photoaging protection effect of insect extracts and the underlying mechanism, demonstrating the potential for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - InWha Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- University of Science and Technology, Korean Convergence Medicine, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- University of Science and Technology, Korean Convergence Medicine, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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Ji KY, Kim KM, Kim YH, Im AR, Lee JY, Park B, Na M, Chae S. The enhancing immune response and anti-inflammatory effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Advances in Integrative Medicine 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2019.03.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Photoaging is generally the result of chronic exposure to the sun and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which causes skin damage. In this study, we developed a UVB-induced hairless mouse model to determine whether Lactobacillus acidophilus IDCC 3302 tyndallizate (ACT3302) can enhance photodamaged skin repair. Mice (6 weeks old) were divided into six groups containing normal, UVB-treated vehicle, and UVB-treated ACT3302 (1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 cells). Epidermal thickness was increased by UVB, but the thickening was lessened by ACT3302 as was the transepidermal water loss (TEWL). However, ACT3302 increased capacitance and decreased TEWL. Skin tissue staining to evaluate skin collagen increases in the number of skin collagen bundles in UVB-treated ACT3302 mice. UVB irradiation increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and proinflammatory cytokine expression and activated mitogen-activated protein kinases in hairless mice; these changes were also attenuated by ACT3302. We conclude that ACT3302 effectively suppressed wrinkle formation induced by UVB irradiation through MMP downregulation. Therefore, ACT3302 potentially prevents skin photoaging and wrinkle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byeonghun Lee
- 2 Bioprocess Engineering Team, Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kang
- 2 Bioprocess Engineering Team, Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,3 University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Korea
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Choi Y, Chung Y, Kim J, Hong M, Chae S, Hwang K, Yoon S. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the polymorphisms of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor, glutathione-s-transferase T1, and glutathione-S-transferase M1 genes. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Im AR, Yang WK, Park YC, Kim SH, Chae S. Hepatoprotective Effects of Insect Extracts in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E735. [PMID: 29880728 PMCID: PMC6024666 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects represent the largest and most diverse group of organisms on earth and are potential food and drug resources. Recently, we have demonstrated that a Forsythia viridissima extract prevented free fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation in an in vitro cellular nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of extracts of the insects Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis Kolbe, 1886 (PB), Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mishchenko, 1951 (OC), and Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, 1773 (GB) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD animal model, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The effects of the supplementation with PB, OC, and GB extracts were evaluated histopathologically and histochemically. PB, OC, and GB extract supplementation inhibited the HFD-induced increase in body weight and body fat mass and ameliorated other adverse changes, resulting in decreased liver function parameters, lower serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and increased serum adiponectin levels. The expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid droplet accumulation and in fatty acid uptake also decreased upon treatment of HFD-fed mice with the extracts. These results provide evidence of the protective effects of the PB, OC, and GB extracts against HFD-induced fatty liver disease in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34053, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea.
| | - Yang-Chun Park
- Division of Respiratory Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 176 Daeduk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea.
| | - Seung Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea.
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34053, Korea.
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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Im AR, Nam J, Cha S, Seo YK, Chae S, Kim JY. Wrinkle reduction using a topical herbal cream in subjects with greater yin (Tae- eumin) type: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chae S, Kang KM, Kim HJ, Kang E, Park SY, Kim JH, Kim SH, Kim SW, Kim EK. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts response to chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:e113-e119. [PMID: 29719435 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (nlr) has been reported to correlate with patient outcome in several cancers, including breast cancer. We evaluated whether the nlr can be a predictive factor for pathologic complete response (pcr) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nac) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (tnbc). Methods We analyzed the correlation between response to nac and various factors, including the nlr, in 87 patients with tnbc who underwent nac. In addition, we analyzed the association between the nlr and recurrence-free survival (rfs) in patients with tnbc. Results Of the 87 patients, 25 (28.7%) achieved a pcr. A high Ki-67 index and a low nlr were significantly associated with pcr. The pcr rate was higher in patients having a high Ki-67 index (≥15%) than in those having a low Ki-67 index (35.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.002) and higher in patients having a low nlr (≤1.7) than in those having a high nlr (42.1% vs. 18.4%, p = 0.018). In multiple logistic analysis, a low nlr remained the only predictive factor for pcr (odds ratio: 4.274; p = 0.008). In the survival analysis, the rfs was significantly higher in the low nlr group than in the high nlr group (5-year rfs rate: 83.7% vs. 66.9%; log-rank p = 0.016). Conclusions Our findings that the nlr is a predictor of pcr to nac and also a prognosticator of recurrence suggest an association between response to chemotherapy and inflammation in patients with tnbc. The pretreatment nlr can be a useful predictive and prognostic marker in patients with tnbc scheduled for nac.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam; and
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam; and
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daerim St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim KM, Lee JY, Im AR, Chae S. Phycocyanin Protects Against UVB-induced Apoptosis Through the PKC α/βII-Nrf-2/HO-1 Dependent Pathway in Human Primary Skin Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020478. [PMID: 29470442 PMCID: PMC6017183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin (Pc) is one of the active pigment constituents of Spirulina microalgae. It has been used for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of Pc against ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced primary skin cells damage are still undefined. In the present study, we investigated whether Pc prevented UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). Pc induced the transcription of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, Pc treatments resulted in a marked increase in nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (NF-E2)-like 2 (Nrf-2) nuclear translocation. Also, Pc protected UVB induced apoptosis and reduced the p53 and Bax levels, as well as caspase-3 activation. Pc treatment showed a significantly enhanced effect on the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) α/β II, but not that of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or Akt. Induction of HO-1 induced by Pc was suppressed by Go6976, a selective inhibitor of PKC α/β II. In addition, knockdown of HO-1 by small interfering (siRNA) caused a significant increase in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage and caspase-3 activation after Pc pretreatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Pc-induced expression of HO-1 is mediated by the PKC α/β II-Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, and inhibits UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in primary skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Joo Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - A-Rang Im
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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Lee HJ, Im AR, Kim SM, Kang HS, Lee JD, Chae S. The flavonoid hesperidin exerts anti-photoaging effect by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression via mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:39. [PMID: 29382339 PMCID: PMC5791357 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Hesperidin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune modulatory activities. Photoaging is a consequence of chronic exposure to the sun and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of hesperidin against photoaging of dorsal skin in hairless mice. Methods Hairless male mice (6-week-old) were divided into three groups (n = 7): control, UVB-treated vehicle, and UVB-treated hesperidin groups. UVB-irradiated mice from hesperidin group were orally administered 0.1 mL of water containing 100 mg/kg body weight per day hesperidin. Results The mean length and depth of wrinkles in the UVB-treated hesperidin group significantly improved after the oral administration of hesperidin, which significantly inhibited the increase in epidermal thickness and epidermal hypertrophy (P < 0.05). UVB irradiation of mice induced epidermal barrier dysfunction including an increase in the transepidermal water loss (TEWL); however, hesperidin decreased the TEWL. UVB irradiation increased the expression of MMP-9 and pro-inflammatory cytokines whereas UVB-treated hesperidin group showed reduced expression. These results indicate that hesperidin showed anti-photoaging activity in the UVB-irradiated hairless mice. In conclusion, hesperidin inhibited the UVB-induced increase in skin thickness, wrinkle formation, and collagen fiber loss in male hairless mice. Conclusions These results suggest that hesperidin shows potent anti-photoaging activity by regulating MMP-9 expression through the suppression of MAPK-dependent signaling pathways.
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Im AR, Kim YM, Chin YW, Chae S. Protective effects of compounds from Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) against UVB damage in HaCaT cells and hairless mice. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1941-1949. [PMID: 29039482 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation causes alterations in the skin, such as epidermal thickening, wrinkle formation and inflammation. Therefore, preventing UVB-induced skin damage can promote general health among the human population. Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) is a fruit that has become a popular botanical dietary supplement because of its perceived role in promoting overall health. The present study investigated the photoprotective effects of α-, β-, γ-mangostins and gartanin against UVB radiation using the HaCaT immortalized human keratinocyte cell line as an in vitro model and hairless mice as an in vivo model. UVB radiation increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑1 and ‑9 and decreased the mRNA expression levels of involucrin, filaggrin and loricrin in HaCaT cells; however, these changes were attenuated by pretreating the cells with α-, β-, γ-mangostins and gartanin. Among these compounds, α-mangostin exhibited the greatest effects in reducing UVB-induced skin wrinkles, inhibited epidermal thickening in hairless mice in vivo. Exposure to UVB radiation increased the expression of MMPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines and activated mitogen-activated protein kinases in hairless mice, but these changes were attenuated by α-mangostin. The authors suggested that α-mangostin exerts anti-wrinkle and anti-aging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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Park JE, Piao MJ, Kang KA, Shilnikova K, Hyun YJ, Oh SK, Jeong YJ, Chae S, Hyun JW. A Benzylideneacetophenone Derivative Induces Apoptosis of Radiation-Resistant Human Breast Cancer Cells via Oxidative Stress. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:404-410. [PMID: 28554201 PMCID: PMC5499619 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzylideneacetophenone derivative (1E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) hept-1-en-3-one (JC3) elicited cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells-radiation resistant cells (MDA-MB 231-RR), in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 6 μM JC3. JC3-mediated apoptosis was confirmed by increase in sub-G1 cell population. JC3 disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 protein, whereas it increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein, leading to the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, JC3 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases, and specific inhibitors of these kinases abrogated the JC3-induced increase in apoptotic bodies. JC3 increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and enhanced oxidative macromolecular damage via lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA strand breakage. Considering these findings, JC3 is an effective therapy against radiation-resistant human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eon Park
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristina Shilnikova
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jae Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Kwan Oh
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Jeong
- Department of Bio and Nanochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Kim K, Cho Y, Shin K, Lee Y, Yokota M, Chae S, Park K, Uchida Y. 414 Both sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 coordinately regulate cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide production during keratinocyte differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim KM, Im AR, Lee S, Chae S. Dual Protective Effects of Flavonoids from Petasites japonicus against UVB-Induced Apoptosis Mediated via HSF-1 Activated Heat Shock Proteins and Nrf2-Activated Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:765-773. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- University of Science and Technology
| | - A-Rang Im
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- University of Science and Technology
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Jung J, Kang E, Gwak JM, Seo AN, Park SY, Lee AS, Baek H, Chae S, Kim EK, Kim SW. Association between basal-like phenotype and BRCA1/2 germline mutations in Korean breast cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:298-303. [PMID: 27803593 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BRCA mutation testing allows index patients and their families to be provided with appropriate cancer risk-reduction strategies. Because of the low prevalence of BRCA mutations in unselected breast cancer patients and the high cost of genetic testing, it is important to identify the subset of women who are likely to carry BRCA mutations. In the present study, we examined the association between BRCA1/2 germline mutations and the immunohistochemical features of breast cancer. METHODS In a retrospective review of 498 breast cancer patients who had undergone BRCA testing at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between July 2003 and September 2012, we gathered immunohistochemical information on estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr), her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), cytokeratin 5/6, egfr (epidermal growth factor receptor), and p53 status. RESULTS Among the 411 patients eligible for the study, 50 (12.2%) had germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Of the 93 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (tnbc), 25 with BRCA1/2 mutations were identified (BRCA1, 20.4%; BRCA2, 6.5%). On univariate analysis, er, pr, cytokeratin 5/6, egfr, and tnbc were found to be related to BRCA1 mutations, but on multivariate analysis, only tnbc was significantly associated with BRCA1 mutations. Among patients with early-onset breast cancer or with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, BRCA1 mutations were significantly more prevalent in the tnbc group than in the non-tnbc group. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, tnbc was the only independent predictor of BRCA1 mutation in patients at high risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Other histologic features of basal-like breast cancer did not improve the estimate of BRCA1 mutation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jung
- Department of Surgery, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon
| | - E Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam
| | - J M Gwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam
| | - A N Seo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam
| | - A S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam
| | - H Baek
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam
| | - S Chae
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam
| | - E K Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daerim St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Song JH, Piao MJ, Han X, Kang KA, Kang HK, Yoon WJ, Ko MH, Lee NH, Lee MY, Chae S, Hyun JW. Anti-wrinkle effects of Sargassum muticum ethyl acetate fraction on ultraviolet B-irradiated hairless mouse skin and mechanistic evaluation in the human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2937-44. [PMID: 27573915 PMCID: PMC5042786 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the photoprotective properties of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum muticum (SME) against ultraviolet B (UVB)‑induced skin damage and photoaging in a mouse model. HR‑1 strain hairless male mice were divided into three groups: An untreated control group, a UVB‑irradiated vehicle group and a UVB‑irradiated SME group. The UVB‑irradiated mice in the SME group were orally administered with SME (100 mg/kg body weight in 0.1 ml water per day) and then exposed to radiation at a dose of 60‑120 mJ/cm2. Wrinkle formation and skin damage were evaluated by analysis of skin replicas, epidermal thickness and collagen fiber integrity in the dermal connective tissue. The mechanism underlying the action of SME was also investigated in the human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line following exposure of the cells to UVB at a dose of 30 mJ/cm2. The protein expression levels and activity of matrix metalloproteinase‑1 (MMP‑1), and the binding of activator protein‑1 (AP‑1) to the MMP‑1 promoter were assessed in the HaCaT cells using western blot analysis, an MMP‑1 fluorescent assay and a chromatin immune‑precipitation assay, respectively. The results showed that the mean length and depth of the wrinkles in the UVB‑exposed hairless mice were significantly improved by oral administration of SME, which also prevented the increase in epidermal thickness triggered by UVB irradiation. Furthermore, a marked increase in collagen bundle formation was observed in the UVB‑treated mice with SME administration. SME pretreatment also significantly inhibited the UVB‑induced upregulation in the expression and activity of MMP‑1 in the cultured HaCaT keratinocytes, and the UVB‑enhanced association of AP‑1 with the MMP‑1 promoter. These results suggested that SME may be useful as an anti-photoaging resource for the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyoung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243
| | - Xia Han
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243
| | | | - Weon Jong Yoon
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju High-Tech Development Institute, Jeju 63612
| | - Mi Hee Ko
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju High-Tech Development Institute, Jeju 63612
| | - Nam Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243
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Im AR, Yeon SH, Lee JS, Um KA, Ahn YJ, Chae S. Protective effect of fermented Cyclopia intermedia against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT human keratinocytes. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:261. [PMID: 27473358 PMCID: PMC4966866 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The fermented leaves and stems of Cyclopia intermedia are used to brew honeybush tea, a herbal tea indigenous to South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of fermented honeybush extracts (FH ex) and scale-up fermented honeybush extracts (SFH ex) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in HaCaT keratinocytes. To this end, we examined UVB-induced cell viability, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory mediators in HaCaT cells. Methods UVB significantly decreased HaCaT cell viability, whereas FH ex and SFH ex did not exhibit cytotoxic effects and increased the viability of the HaCaT cells. To further investigate the protective effects of FH ex on UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), pro-inflammatory cytokines and skin barrier function in terms of involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin were analyzed. Results UVB-induced treatment reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and skin barrier function, while FH ex or SFH ex increased their activity. These results suggest that FH ex exerted cytoprotective activity against UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells through stimulation of antioxidant enzymes activities. Furthermore, FH ex and SFH ex suppressed the UVB-induced expression of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, at mRNA level together with down regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs). In addition, FH ex and SFH ex reversed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) induced by UVB-irradiation. Notably, FH ex and SFH ex markedly inhibited UVB-induced activation of ERK, p38, and JNK. Thus, this agent exhibits anti-oxidative and -inflammatory effects via lowering ROS production, suppressing p38, ERK, and JNK activation, and down-regulating expression of MMPs. Conclusions These findings suggest that FH ex and SFH ex can be used as a skin anti-photoaging agent.
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Im AR, Kim HS, Hyun JW, Chae S. Potential for tyndalized Lactobacillus acidophilus as an effective component in moisturizing skin and anti-wrinkle products. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:759-764. [PMID: 27446272 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces skin damage. In the present study, a UVB-induced hairless mouse model of skin photoaging was developed to determine whether tyndalized Lactobacillus acidophilus was able to significantly enhance the repair of photodamaged skin. To evaluate the effects of tyndalized L. acidophilus on UVB-induced skin-wrinkle formation in vivo, HR-1 hairless male mice were exposed to UVB radiation and orally administered tyndalized L. acidophilus. Compared with the control group, the UVB irradiation mice displayed a significant increase in transepidermal water loss and a reduction in skin hydration. In mice with UVB-induced photodamage, the effacement of the fine wrinkles by tyndalized L. acidophilus was correlated with dermal collagen synthesis, accompanied by histological changes. Furthermore, western blotting was performed to investigate the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Notably, orally administered tyndalized L. acidophilus reduced the expression levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9. Based upon the aforementioned results, it was determined that tyndalized L. acidophilus effectively inhibited the wrinkle formation induced by UVB irradiation, and that this may be attributed to the downregulation of MMPs. Therefore, tyndalized L. acidophilus may be considered a potential agent for preventing skin photoaging and wrinkle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Seong Kim
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Kim JK, Kang KA, Ryu YS, Piao MJ, Han X, Oh MC, Boo SJ, Jeong SU, Jeong YJ, Chae S, Na SY, Hyun JW. Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated by Luteolin in Melanoma Cells. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:2281-2289. [PMID: 27127134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether luteolin, a flavonoid, induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the effects of luteolin in human melanoma cells, the anti-proliferation, apoptosis, ER stress induction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated using MTT, Hoechst 33342, ER-tracker Blue White DPX and DCF-DA staining assays, respectively. RESULTS Luteolin inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptotic body formation. Luteolin induced ER stress, as shown by ER staining and mitochondrial Ca(2+) overloading. Luteolin increased expression of the ER stress-related proteins; protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, phospho eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, activating transcription factor (ATF) 6, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP), and cleaved caspase 12. Furthermore, luteolin increased the level of intracellular ROS, leading to ROS-mediated apoptosis and ER stress. However, N-acetyl cysteine, a ROS scavenger, decreased ROS levels, apoptosis, and ER stress induced by luteolin treatment. In addition, knockdown of CHOP and ATF6 by small-interfering RNA inhibited luteolin-induced cell death. CONCLUSION Luteolin induces apoptosis by ER stress via increasing ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ki Kim
- Department of Bio and Nanochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xia Han
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chang Oh
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Boo
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Uk Jeong
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Jeong
- Department of Bio and Nanochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Na
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Kim KM, Im A, Kim SH, Hyun JW, Chae S. Timosaponin AIII inhibits melanoma cell migration by suppressing COX-2 and in vivo tumor metastasis. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:181-8. [PMID: 26595378 PMCID: PMC4768391 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin disease, due in large part to its propensity to metastasize. We examined the effects of timosaponin AIII, a compound isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, on melanoma cancer cell migration and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects using B16-F10 and WM-115 melanoma cells lines. Overexpression of COX-2, its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4) promoted cell migration in vitro. Exposure to timosaponin AIII resulted in concentration-dependent inhibition of cell migration, which was associated with reduced levels of COX-2, PGE2, and PGE2 receptors. Transient transfection of COX-2 siRNA also inhibited cell migration. Exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbal-13-acetate enhanced cell migration, whereas timosaponin AIII inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbal-13-acetate-induced cell migration and reduced basal levels of EP2 and EP4. Moreover, timosaponin AIII inhibited activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), an upstream regulator of COX-2 in B16-F10 cells. Consistent with our in vitro findings, in vivo studies showed that timosaponin AIII treatment significantly reduced the total number of metastatic nodules in the mouse lung and improved histological alterations in B16-F10-injected C57BL/6 mice. In addition, C57BL/6 mice treated with timosaponin AIII showed reduced expression of COX-2 and NF-κB in the lung. Together, these results indicate that timosaponin AIII has the capacity to inhibit melanoma cell migration, an essential step in the process of metastasis, by inhibiting expression of COX-2, NF-κB, PGE2, and PGE2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - A‐Rang Im
- KM Convergence Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Seung Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and BioscienceDaejeon UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and TechnologyJeju National UniversityJejuKorea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonKorea
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Kang KA, Piao MJ, Madduma Hewage SRK, Ryu YS, Oh MC, Kwon TK, Chae S, Hyun JW. Fisetin induces apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in human non-small cell lung cancer through inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9615-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghun Cho
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gu Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
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Im AR, Nam KW, Hyun JW, Chae S. Phloroglucinol Reduces Photodamage in Hairless Mice via Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity Through MAPK Pathway. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 92:173-9. [PMID: 26537624 DOI: 10.1111/php.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the photoprotective activity of phloroglucinol on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced deleterious effects in hairless mice in vivo. To assess the photoprotective effect of phloroglucinol, phloroglucinol-treated HR-1 hairless male mice were exposed to UVB irradiation. The inhibitory activity of phloroglucinol on wrinkle formation was determined by analysis of skin replicas, epidermal thickness based on histological examination and collagen damage. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. UVB induced transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β, IL-6) and IL-8 (IL-8). The protective effects of phloroglucinol on UVB-induced skin photoaging were examined by measuring protein levels of MMPs and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. The results of these experiments suggest that phloroglucinol has a significant beneficial effect on the barrier function of the skin. In hairless mice, signs of photoaging and photodamage, including coarse wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness and elastic fiber degeneration, were reduced in severity by phloroglucinol application. The phloroglucinol-treated group showed remarkably decreased mRNA levels of MMP-1, MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokines in comparison with those of the UVB-induced group. Oral administration of phloroglucinol attenuated phosphorylation of MAP kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soon Chun Hyang University, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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41
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Lee A, Kang E, Baek H, Chae S, Kim EK, Kim S. 54O Evaluation of BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence in Korean women with triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv519.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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42
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Baek H, Kim EK, Lee A, Chae S, Kang E, Kim SW. 91P A survey of margin status evaluation in the Korean Breast Cancer Society member. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv519.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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43
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Im AR, Lee HJ, Youn UJ, Hyun JW, Chae S. Orally administered betaine reduces photodamage caused by UVB irradiation through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in hairless mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:823-8. [PMID: 26648401 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine is widely distributed in plants, microorganisms, in several types of food and in medical herbs, including Lycium chinense. The administration of 100 mg betaine/kg body weight/day is an effective strategy for preventing ultraviolet irradiation‑induced skin damage. The present study aimed to determine the preventive effects of betaine on ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation‑induced skin damage in hairless mice. The mice were divided into three groups: Control (n=5), UVB‑treated vehicle (n=5) and UVB‑treated betaine (n=5) groups. The level of irradiation was progressively increased between 60 mJ/cm2 per exposure at week 1 (one minimal erythematous dose = 60 mJ/cm2) and 90 mJ/cm2 per exposure at week 7. The formation of wrinkles significantly increased following UVB exposure in the UVB‑treated vehicle group. However, treatment with betaine suppressed UVB‑induced wrinkle formation, as determined by the mean length, mean depth, number, epidermal thickness and collagen damage. Furthermore, oral administration of betaine also inhibited the UVB‑induced expression of mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), and matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP‑9). These findings suggested that betaine inhibits UVB‑induced skin damage by suppressing increased expression of MMP‑9 through the inhibition of MEK and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- KM‑Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305‑811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Lee
- KM‑Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305‑811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690‑756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM‑Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305‑811, Republic of Korea
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Han X, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Madduma Hewage SRK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Kang HK, Shin JH, Park Y, Yoo SJ, Chae S, Hyun JW. Isorhamnetin Protects Human Keratinocytes against Ultraviolet B-Induced Cell Damage. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:357-66. [PMID: 26157553 PMCID: PMC4489831 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (3-methylquercetin) is a flavonoid derived from the fruits of certain medicinal plants. This study investigated the photoprotective properties of isorhamnetin against cell damage and apoptosis resulting from excessive ultraviolet (UV) B exposure in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Isorhamnetin eliminated UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and attenuated the oxidative modification of DNA, lipids, and proteins in response to UVB radiation. Moreover, isorhamnetin repressed UVB-facilitated programmed cell death in the keratinocytes, as evidenced by a reduction in apoptotic body formation, and nuclear fragmentation. Additionally, isorhamnetin suppressed the ability of UVB light to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, these results indicate that isorhamnetin has the potential to protect human keratinocytes against UVB-induced cell damage and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Han
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756
| | | | - Eun Sook Yoo
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756
| | - Young Sang Koh
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756
| | | | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701
| | - Yeunsoo Park
- National Fusion Research Institute, Plasma Technology Research Center, Gunsan 573-540
| | - Suk Jae Yoo
- National Fusion Research Institute, Plasma Technology Research Center, Gunsan 573-540
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756
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Madduma Hewage SRK, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Cha JW, Han X, Choi YH, Chae S, Hyun JW. Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) shields human keratinocytes from ultraviolet B-induced oxidative stress. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:165-73. [PMID: 25767685 PMCID: PMC4354318 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Most skin damage caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is owing to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Phytochemicals can act as antioxidants against UVB-induced oxidative stress. This study investigated the protective effects of the flavone galangin against UVB-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes. Galangin efficiently scavenged free radicals and reduced UVB-induced damage to cellular macromolecules, such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. Furthermore, galangin rescued cells undergoing apoptosis induced by UVB radiation via recovering mitochondrial polarization and down-regulating apoptotic proteins. These results showed that galangin protects human keratinocytes against UVB radiation-induced cellular damage and apoptosis via its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Cha
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Xia Han
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Im AR, Song JH, Lee MY, Chae S. Magnolol reduces UVB-induced photodamage by regulating matrix metalloproteinase activity. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 39:417-423. [PMID: 25562310 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-photoaging activity of magnolol in UV-irradiated hairless mice, and hypothesized that magnolol would prevent photoaging in these animals. The inhibitory effect of magnolol on wrinkle formation was determined by analyzing the skin replica, histologically examining the epidermal thickness, and identifying damage to the collagen fibers. The protective effects of magnolol on UVB-induced skin photoaging were examined by determining the level of MMPs and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Exposure to UVB radiation significantly increased skin thickness and wrinkle grade, but magnolol treatment significantly reduced the average length and depth of wrinkles, and this was correlated with the inhibition of collagen fiber loss. The magnolol-treated group had remarkably decreased activity levels of MMP-1, -9, and -13 compared to the corresponding levels in the vehicle-treated UVB-irradiated group. These results indicate that magnolol prevents skin photoaging in UVB-irradiated hairless mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Daejeon, 305-811, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Song
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Daejeon, 305-811, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Daejeon, 305-811, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Daejeon, 305-811, Yuseong-gu, Korea; Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea.
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47
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Im AR, Song JH, Lee MY, Yeon SH, Um KA, Chae S. Anti-wrinkle effects of fermented and non-fermented Cyclopia intermedia in hairless mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:424. [PMID: 25355549 PMCID: PMC4232710 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The fermented leaves and stems of Cyclopia intermedia are used to brew honeybush tea, an herbal tea indigenous to South Africa with reported anti-wrinkle effects. Wrinkle formation caused by photoaging clearly involves changes in extracellular matrix components and mechanical properties of the skin. Methods The inhibitory effects of honeybush extract and fermented honeybush on wrinkle formation were determined by analyzing skin replicas, histologically examining epidermal thickness, and identifying damage to collagen fibers. Results Honeybush extract and fermented honeybush reduced the length and depth of skin winkles caused by UV irradiation and inhibited thickening of the epidermal layer, in addition to suppressing collagen tissue breakdown reactions, indicating its potential use as a skin wrinkle prevention agent. Conclusions This in vivo study demonstrates that honeybush produces significant anti-wrinkle effects and is therefore of interest in anti-aging skin care products.
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Nam KW, Chae S, Song HY, Mar W, Han MD. The role of wogonin in controlling SOCS3 expression in neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1518-24. [PMID: 25035930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the wogonin-mediated increase in the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is unclear. Promoter deletion assay results revealed that wogonin-induced SOCS3 expression is dependent on the AP-1 consensus sequences and two STAT responsive elements (TTACAAGAA and TTCCAGGAA) in the 5'-flanking region of the SOCS3 gene in SH-SY5Y cells. Wogonin-induced SOCS3 expression was blocked by inhibitors of PI3K, Akt, Raf, p38, JNK, MEK, and STAT3, respectively. However, JAK2 inhibitors did not inhibit wogonin-induced SOCS3 expression. These results indicate that SOCS3-inducing effect of wogonin is caused by the activation of PI3K-mediated MAPK signaling pathways (Akt, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), and the subsequent activation of AP-1 consensus sequences and STAT responsive elements in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Quality Control Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 488 Expo, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 330-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongchon Mar
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Deuk Han
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn M, Park JS, Chae S, Kim S, Moon C, Hyun JW, Shin T. Hepatoprotective effects of Lycium chinense Miller fruit and its constituent betaine in CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1104-12. [PMID: 24998029 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective activities of Lycium chinense Miller (LC) fruit extract and its component betaine were investigated under carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The treatment of LC fruit extract significantly suppressed the increase of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the sera of CCl4 injured rats, and restored the decreased levels of anti-oxidant enzymes such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2. To visualize the potential activity of betaine, a component of LC fruit, betaine was substituted for LC extract in CCl4 injured rats. The biochemical profile in CCl4 injured rats co-treated with betaine matched those of LC fruit treated CCl4 injured rats. The ameliorative effects of LC extract, as well as betaine, were also confirmed by histopathological examination. Collectively, the present findings imply that LC fruit, via its component betaine, mitigate CCl4-induced hepatic injury by increasing antioxidative activity and decreasing inflammatory mediators including iNOS and COX-1/COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejung Ahn
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Sungwook Chae
- Aging Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Im AR, Kim YH, Uddin MR, Chae S, Lee HW, Kim YS, Lee MY. Neuroprotective effects of Lycium chinense Miller against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Am J Chin Med 2014; 41:1343-59. [PMID: 24228605 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, has been widely regarded as a neurotoxin because it induces a Parkinson's disease-like syndrome. The fruit and root bark of Lycium chinense Miller have been used as traditional medicines in Asia to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of Lycium chinense Miller extracts in rotenone-treated PC12 cells. Treatment with rotenone reduced PC12 cell viability and cellular ATP levels. Conversely, caspase 3/7 activity, the ratio of Bax:Bcl-2 expression levels, mitochondrial superoxide level, and intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration were elevated. Pretreatment with Lycium chinense Miller extracts significantly increased cell viability and ATP levels. Additionally, they attenuated caspase activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondrial superoxide production. Moreover, confocal microscopy showed that the mitochondrial staining pattern was restored from that of extracts treated cells and that the increase in intracellular Ca (2+) level was blunted by treatment with the extracts. Our results suggest that Lycium chinense Miller extracts may have the possible beneficial effects in Parkinson's disease by attenuating rotenone induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
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