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Madhuram GS, Geetha T, Bharathiraja G, Arunkumar P, Prabagar M, Subramaniam K. Digital Gangrene as a Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified Type. J Assoc Physicians India 2024; 72:99-102. [PMID: 38736082 DOI: 10.59556/japi.71.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL), not otherwise specified (NOS) is a heterogenous group of predominantly nodal T cell lymphomas that generally presents with lymphadenopathy with or without extra nodal involvement. Acral vascular syndrome clinically presents as digital ischemia with Raynaud's phenomenon and acral cyanosis. Although, this condition is commonly associated with connective tissue disorder, smoking and vasculitis, its association with lymphoid malignancy is very rare. Here, we present a case report of a patient with digital gangrene of all toes and fingers as a presenting symptom of PTCL-NOS. CASE DESCRIPTION A 62 year old male presented with digital ischemia associated with pain, low grade fever, loss of appetite and significant weight loss of 6 kilograms over a period of 3 months. On examination, he was found to have bilateral inguinal and axillary lymph nodes with gangrenous changes over toes and fingers but peripheral pulses were palpable. On evaluation he had anemia, elevated ESR and CRP. CT angiogram revealed thinned out digital arteries with multifocal areas of narrowing. Patient was screened for other causes of digital gangrene and was tested negative for ANCA, ANA, cryoglobulins and viral markers. Lymph node biopsy with IHC was suggestive of peripheral T-cell lymphoma-NOS and was started on CHOP regimen. Lymph nodes size decreased and gangrenous changes resolved. CONCLUSION Though digital ischemia is a rare paraneoplastic presentation of lymphoma, it should be considered if there is a rapid progression of gangrene. Early initiation of chemotherapy may result in the reduction of further progression of digital gangrene and thus prevent permanent disability. In our patient, progression of gangrene was prevented even though it was an aggressive variant of T cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Madhuram
- Final Year MD General Medicine Postgraduate, Department of General Medicine, Coimbatore Government Medical College & Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Corresponding Author
| | - T Geetha
- Professor of Medicine, Department of General Medicine, Coimbatore Government Medical College & Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Bharathiraja
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of General Medicine, Coimbatore Government Medical College & Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Arunkumar
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of General Medicine, Coimbatore Government Medical College & Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Prabagar
- Professor and HOD, Department of Medical Oncology, Coimbatore Government Medical College & Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Subramaniam
- Consultant Hematopathologist, GKNM Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Krishnaram AS, Geetha T, SriRam CK, Shibani MI, Priya SK. Pinch Purpura in Adult Colloid Milium-A Case Report. Indian Dermatol Online J 2023; 14:521-523. [PMID: 37521221 PMCID: PMC10373808 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_466_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloid milium is a rare cutaneous deposition disorder characterized by the presence of asymptomatic multiple dome-shaped semi-translucent waxy yellowish or skin-colored papules. It is commonly seen on the face and dorsum of forearms and arms due to chronic sun exposure. Nodular amyloidosis and primary systemic amyloidosis mimic adult colloid milium more closely. They share indistinguishable common features clinically and histologically. Purpura following trivial injury is a cardinal feature of primary systemic amyloidosis. Here, we are reporting a case of adult colloid milium, presented with waxy papules and purpura involving the dorsa of the lower half of the forearms and hands which is confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- AS Krishnaram
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Geetha
- Department of Pathology, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - CK SriRam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - MI Shibani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sri Krishna Priya
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nagaraja M, Geetha T, Pattar J, Mahesh HM, Prashanth S. Temperature-Dependent Studies on Electrical Properties of ZnCl2 Doped Polyaniline. Polym Sci Ser B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Geetha T, Singh N, Deol PK, Kaur IP. Biopharmaceutical profiling of sesamol: physiochemical characterization, gastrointestinal permeability and pharmacokinetic evaluation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Well established biological activity of sesamol in diverse pathologies coupled with favorable solubility, log P, GIT permeability, pharmacokinetics and small size indicate great potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Geetha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- UGC Centre for Advance Study, Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Parneet Kaur Deol
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- UGC Centre for Advance Study, Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- UGC Centre for Advance Study, Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
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Geetha T, Ramamoorthy K, Murugan N. Impact of foliar application of micronutrients on some biochemical parameters of mulberry ( Morus albaL.). Appl Biol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-4517.2015.00011.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
CONTEXT Sesamol, a potential antioxidant with marked anticancer potential suffers from issues of extensive tissue distribution and local gastric irritation on oral administration. OBJECTIVE To develop multiunit gastro-retentive floating beads (S-FBs) for localised and prolonged release of sesamol to treat gastric cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS S-FBs prepared using calcium carbonate, sodium alginate and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) in different proportions, were characterised and evaluated in vivo in N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitroguanidine-induced gastric cancer in rats. Single oral dose plasma pharmacokinetic study was also performed for free sesamol and S-FBs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Restraining sesamol in floating beads, significantly lowered the release (diffusion controlled) rate, increased t50% (31 times) and reduced its in vivo clearance (>1.5 times). Preclinical evaluation showed S-FBs (10 mg/kg) to be significantly better than free sesamol and better/equivalent to methotrexate (2 mg/kg). CONCLUSION Most of the natural phytochemical or antioxidants show pretreatment effectiveness. We, however, developed and established S-FBs for sustained curative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geetha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UGC Centre for Advance Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Geetha T, Kapila M, Prakash O, Deol PK, Kakkar V, Kaur IP. Sesamol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for treatment of skin cancer. J Drug Target 2014; 23:159-69. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.965717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Warwick AP, Doyle PM, Geetha T, Wilkinson P, Johanson RB, O'brien PMS. A random allocation comparison of silicone and santoprene soft vacuum extractor cups for assisted delivery. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01443619309151706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
NGF (nerve growth factor) binding to TrkA (tropomyosin receptor kinase A) induces dimerization, autophosphorylation and internalization of the receptor to signalling vesicles for delivery of differentiation signals. TrkA interacts with p75 receptor through the p62–TRAF-6 (tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-associated factor 6) complex bridging the two receptors. The atypical protein kinase C is activated and recruited to the receptor complex as well. TrkA is Lys63-polyubiquitinated on Lys485 by the E3 (ubiquitin ligase), TRAF-6, and E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), UbcH7. Inhibition of polyubiquitination has been observed to interrupt signalling and internalization. Furthermore, an absence of p62 prevents endosomal localization and signalling. Altogether, these findings reveal Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains and the shuttling protein p62 co-ordinately regulate TrkA internalization, trafficking and sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Wooten
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biosciences, Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Wooten MW, Vandenplas ML, Seibenhener ML, Geetha T, Diaz-Meco MT. Nerve growth factor stimulates multisite tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the atypical protein kinase C's via a src kinase pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:8414-27. [PMID: 11713277 PMCID: PMC100005 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.24.8414-8427.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are required for nerve growth factor (NGF)-initiated differentiation of PC12 cells. In the present study, we report that PKC-iota becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in the membrane coincident with activation posttreatment with nerve growth factor. Tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PKC-iota were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by both PP2 and K252a, src and TrkA kinase inhibitors. Purified src was observed to phosphorylate and activate PKC-iota in vitro. In PC12 cells deficient in src kinase activity, both NGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PKC-iota were also diminished. Furthermore, we demonstrate activation of src by NGF along with formation of a signal complex including the TrkA receptor, src, and PKC-iota. Recruitment of PKC-iota into the complex was dependent on the tyrosine phosphorylation state of PKC-iota. The association of src and PKC-iota was constitutive but was enhanced by NGF treatment, with the src homology 3 domain interacting with a PXXP sequence within the regulatory domain of PKC-iota (amino acids 98 to 114). Altogether, these findings support a role for src in regulation of PKC-iota. Tyrosine 256, 271, and 325 were identified as major sites phosphorylated by src in the catalytic domain. Y256F and Y271F mutations did not alter src-induced activation of PKC-iota, whereas the Y325F mutation significantly reduced src-induced activation of PKC-iota. The functional relevance of these mutations was tested by determining the ability of each mutant to support TRAF6 activation of NF-kappaB, with significant impairment by the Y325F PKC-iota mutant. Moreover, when the Y352F mutant was expressed in PC12 cells, NGF's ability to promote survival in serum-free media was reduced. In summary, we have identified a novel mechanism for NGF-induced activation of atypical PKC involving tyrosine phosphorylation by c-Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Wooten
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Abstract
Two pentacyclic triterpenes, namely lupeol and lupeol linoleate, were investigated for their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-pyretic and ulcerogenic properties in comparison with the commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin in rats. Lupeol, lupeol linoleate and indomethacin showed a reduction in paw swelling by 39, 58 and 35%, respectively, in adjuvant arthritis. Triterpenes were devoid of any antinociceptive, anti-pyretic and ulcerogenic actions. However, indomethacin exhibited a positive response to these properties. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of triterpenes is different from the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geetha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L. Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, 600 113, Chennai, India
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Abstract
Lysosomal enzymes play important roles in the inflammatory process. The pentacyclic triterpenes, lupeol and lupeol linoleate were administered orally (50 mg/kg) for 8 days to arthritic rats, after 11th day of adjuvant injection. The lysosomal enzymes were significantly increased in arthritic condition, which are involved in the destruction of structural macromolecules in connective tissue and cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis. Hence the level of collagen was significantly decreased and the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid and glycosaminoglycans were increased in arthritic rats. Treatment of arthritic rats with triterpenes reversed the above changes, which may be due to stabilization of the lysosomal membrane. Out of the two triterpenes tested, lupeol linoleate showed better ameliorating action than lupeol.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geetha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Dr. A.L. Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
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Abstract
Adjuvant arthritis is widely used as an experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis and inflammation. It is useful in the evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs. Lupeol is a naturally occuring triterpene isolated from Crataeva nurvala stem bark, and its ester lupeol linoleate was synthesized. The effects of lupeol and lupeol linoleate on the development of complement in adjuvant arthritis in rats were studied and compared with those of indomethacin. The effect of lupeol linoleate in reducing the foot-pad thickness and complement activity in arthritic rats was even greater than that of unesterified lupeol and indomethacin. Because complement is highly involved in inflammation, the results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of triterpenes may be due to their anticomplementary activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geetha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L. Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Abstract
1. The anti-inflammatory effect of an alcoholic extract from the flower of Vernonia cinerea (Asteraceae; Less) was tested in adjuvant arthritic rats. 2. Changes in paw volume, body and tissue weights and serum and tissue enzyme activities of ALT, AST, ACP and cathepsin-D in adjuvant rats were reversed by oral administration of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of the flower extract. 3. The extract also reversed the major histopathological changes in the hindpaws of the arthritic rats. 4. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids and flavonoids. 5. It is concluded that the extract contains as yet unidentified anti-inflammatory principle(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Latha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L. Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Abstract
Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene was isolated from C. nurvala stem bark and its ester lupeol linoleate was synthesised. These triterpenes were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity in complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis rats. For some time free radicals have been implicated in damage to connective tissues during inflammatory conditions and arthritis. Lupeol and lupeol linoleate were administered orally at the dose level of 50 mg kg-1 body weight daily for 8 days, from the 11th to 18th day postadjuvantly. There was a significant increase in lipid peroxide level in plasma of arthritic rats but it was found to be decreased in the liver. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were elevated in both the liver and haemolysate in adjuvant-induced rats. Blood glutathione was decreased in arthritis. The triterpenes reduced the above alterations produced in arthritic animals. The effect of lupeol linoleate was found to be better in this respect when compared with lupeol.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geetha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L. Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Abstract
A prospective survey was carried out in two Kathmandu hospitals and two rural districts to establish urban and rural perinatal mortality rates (PNMRs) for these four centres in Nepal and to ascertain the causes of perinatal mortality. All perinatal deaths occurring over a 1-year period in the four centres were included (during which time there was a total of 14,967 births). Cause of death was established by contemporary review of hospital case records or by structured questionnaire ('verbal autopsy') in the rural areas. The PNMRs in the hospitals were 48.0 and 23.7 per thousand total births respectively, whilst those of the rural settings were 96.2 and 42.5 per thousand births. Perinatal asphyxia, low birthweight and infection were the most common causes but many of the deaths were unexplained. The high mortality rates were felt to reflect the difficult circumstances of childbirth in Nepal. It was concluded that a number of interventions would appear appropriate, but that these should be introduced in a scientific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geetha
- Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Doyle PM, Johanson R, Geetha T, Wilkinson P. A prospective randomised controlled trial of perineal repair after childbirth, comparing interrupted chromic catgut to subcuticular prolene for skin closure. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993; 100:93-4. [PMID: 8427847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb12959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P M Doyle
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North Staffordshire Maternity Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent
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