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Matsuzawa Y, Kamezaki N, Ishihara T, Omuta K, Takeshita H, Goto K, Arata T, Honda H, Kameda K, Kashima Y, Kayo M, Kawazu I, Kodama J, Kumazawa Y, Kuroyanagi K, Mizobuchi K, Mizuno K, Oki K, Watanabe KK, Yamamoto A, Yamashita Y, Yamato T, Hamabata T, Ishizaki A, Dutton PH. Fine-scale genetic population structure of loggerhead turtles in the Northwest Pacific. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nishizawa H, Narazaki T, Fukuoka T, Sato K, Hamabata T, Kinoshita M, Arai N. Juvenile green turtles on the northern edge of their range: mtDNA evidence of long-distance westward dispersals in the northern Pacific Ocean. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nishizawa H, Narazaki T, Fukuoka T, Sato K, Hamabata T, Kinoshita M, Arai N. Genetic composition of loggerhead turtle feeding aggregations: migration patterns in the North Pacific. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Safa A, Bhuyian NA, Nusrin S, Ansaruzzaman M, Alam M, Hamabata T, Takeda Y, Sack DA, Nair GB. Genetic characteristics of Matlab variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 that are hybrids between classical and El Tor biotypes. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:1563-1569. [PMID: 17030917 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Matlab variants of Vibrio cholerae O1, defined as hybrids between the classical and El Tor biotypes, were first isolated from hospitalized patients with acute secretory diarrhoea in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh. These variants could not be categorized as classical or El Tor biotypes by phenotypic and genotypic tests, and had representative traits of both the biotypes. A number of virulence-associated genes and/or gene clusters were screened by PCR and DNA sequencing. El Tor-specific gene clusters, Vibrio seventh-pandemic islands (VSP)-I and -II and repeat toxin (RTX) were present in the genome of these variants, indicating their El Tor lineage, whereas the nucleotide-sequence-derived CtxB amino acid sequence of these strains grouped them under the classical biotype. Matlab variants possessed all the necessary genes to initiate pandemics. The genetic relatedness of Matlab variants to the V. cholerae strains recently isolated in Mozambique is another important observation of this study, which underscores the epidemiological significance of Matlab variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafus Safa
- Laboratory Sciences Division, Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Centre for Health and Population Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - N A Bhuyian
- Laboratory Sciences Division, Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Centre for Health and Population Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Suraia Nusrin
- Laboratory Sciences Division, Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Centre for Health and Population Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Ansaruzzaman
- Laboratory Sciences Division, Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Centre for Health and Population Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Munirul Alam
- Laboratory Sciences Division, Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Centre for Health and Population Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - T Hamabata
- International Medical Research Center of Japan, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - David A Sack
- Laboratory Sciences Division, Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Centre for Health and Population Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - G Balakrish Nair
- Laboratory Sciences Division, Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Centre for Health and Population Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Nusrin S, Khan GY, Bhuiyan NA, Ansaruzzaman M, Hossain MA, Safa A, Khan R, Faruque SM, Sack DA, Hamabata T, Takeda Y, Nair GB. Diverse CTX phages among toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 strains isolated between 1994 and 2002 in an area where cholera is endemic in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 42:5854-6. [PMID: 15583324 PMCID: PMC535256 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.12.5854-5856.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR surveillance of the rstR genes of CTX phages in Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 showed no relationship between the incidence of disease and changes in the rstR but showed variations in their presence in O1 and O139 strains and the occurrence of multiple types in a few strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraia Nusrin
- Laboratory Sciences Division, ICDDR,B Centre for Health and Population Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
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Ogawa M, Shimizu K, Nomoto K, Tanaka R, Hamabata T, Yamasaki S, Takeda T, Takeda Y. Inhibition of in vitro growth of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 by probiotic Lactobacillus strains due to production of lactic acid. Int J Food Microbiol 2001; 68:135-40. [PMID: 11545213 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inhibiting characteristics of lactic acid bacteria on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 (three strains, clinically isolated) was investigated by using a batch fermentation system. The species such as Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota or L. acidophilus YIT 0070 exert growth inhibitory and bactericidal activities on STEC. The pH value and undissociated lactic acid (U-LA) concentration of the culture medium of STEC cocultured with L. casei or L. acidophilus dramatically lowered or increased, respectively [corrected], when compared with those of the control culture. The cytotoxic properties of U-LA on STEC strain 89020087 analyzed in vitro was divided into two phases, i.e., the bacteriostatic phase (between 3.2 to 62 mM) and the bactericidal phase (over 62 mM). These data suggest that the bactericidal effect of Lactobacillus on STEC depends on its lactic acid production and pH reductive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogawa
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiologial Research, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
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Ogawa M, Shimizu K, Nomoto K, Takahashi M, Watanuki M, Tanaka R, Tanaka T, Hamabata T, Yamasaki S, Takeda Y. Protective effect of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in infant rabbits. Infect Immun 2001; 69:1101-8. [PMID: 11160007 PMCID: PMC97991 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.2.1101-1108.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined colonization patterns of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), concentrations of Shiga toxins (Stxs) and specific immunoglobulin A (lgA) against Stxs and STEC bacterial cell surface antigen in various portions of the gastrointestinal tract in an infant rabbit infection model. After inoculation of 3-day-old infant rabbits with STEC strain 89020087 at low doses (approximately 10(3) CFU/body), numbers of colonizing STEC bacteria and concentrations of Stxs in the intestine increased dramatically and the animals developed diarrhea within a couple of days after infection. Daily administration of Lactobacillus casei from the day of birth dramatically decreased the severity of diarrhea and lowered STEC colonization levels in the gastrointestinal tract 100-fold day 7 after infection. Both Stx1 and Stx2 concentrations in the intestines and histological damage to the intestinal mucus induced by STEC infection were decreased by the administration of L. casei. Examination of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and pH of the intestinal contents revealed that the protective effect of L. casei administration against STEC infection was not due to fermented products such as lactic acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Administration of L. casei increased levels of lgAs against Stx1, Stx2, and formalin-killed STEC cells in the colon approximately two-, four-, and threefold, respectively, compared with those of the untreated controls by day 7 after infection. These results suggest that administration of L. casei strain Shirota enhances the local immune responses to STEC cells and Stxs and leads to elimination of STEC and thus decreases Stx concentrations in the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogawa
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 1796 Yaho, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
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Kimura A, Kihara T, Okimura H, Hamabata T, Ohnishi J, Moriyama A, Takahashi K, Takahashi T. Identification of porcine follipsin as plasma kallikrein, and its possible involvement in the production of bradykinin within the follicles of porcine ovaries. Mol Reprod Dev 2000; 57:79-87. [PMID: 10954859 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2795(200009)57:1<79::aid-mrd11>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To determine the identity of porcine follipsin, a plasma kallikrein cDNA clone was isolated from a porcine liver cDNA library. The clone encoded a protein of 643 amino acids, exhibiting identities 79.7, 72. 9, and 74.4% homologous to human, rat, and mouse plasma prekallikrein, respectively. The amino acid sequences of four internal peptides isolated from the tryptic digest of follipsin were all found in the deduced sequence. Authentic plasma kallikrein was purified from porcine plasma and compared directly with follipsin. Actions on synthetic substrates and behaviors with proteinase inhibitors were indistinguishable between these two enzymes. The cDNA was expressed in COS-7 cells and the recombinant protein was prepared from the culture medium of these cells. No active enzyme could be obtained, but the expressed protein was reacted with anti-porcine plasma kallikrein antibody. The mRNA was detected only in the liver in northern blot analysis. RT-PCR analysis of RNAs revealed that porcine testis, in addition to the liver, expressed the corresponding mRNA. In the ovary, plasma kallikrein was detected as a main band of the active form (Mr = 85,000) and the band of the minor inactive precursor form (Mr = 80,000), respectively. In contrast, the liver extract contained only the precursor form. Incubation of high molecular weight kininogen with follicular fluid plasma kallikrein resulted in an increased production of bradykinin. Further, the fresh fluid of large-sized follicles of porcine ovaries was found to contain this peptide hormone at a detectable level. These results indicate that porcine follipsin is plasma kallikrein, and that the enzyme may be involved in the production of bradykinin within ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kimura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Bag PK, Nandi S, Bhadra RK, Ramamurthy T, Bhattacharya SK, Nishibuchi M, Hamabata T, Yamasaki S, Takeda Y, Nair GB. Clonal diversity among recently emerged strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 associated with pandemic spread. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:2354-7. [PMID: 10364615 PMCID: PMC85163 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.7.2354-2357.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of the O3:K6 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus which abruptly emerged in Calcutta, India, in February 1996 and which demonstrated an unusual potential to spread and an enhanced propensity to cause infections were examined by different molecular techniques to determine clonality. No restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the gene encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin was observed among the O3:K6 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. Clonal diversity among the O3:K6 strains became evident by examining the RFLPs of the rrn operons and by the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Five ribotypes were distinguished among the O3:K6 strains examined, with ribotype R4 constituting the major type. Strains of O3:K6 isolated between June and August 1996 showed different pulsotypes compared to the pulsotypes of strains isolated before and after this period, indicating genetic reassortment among these strains, but those isolated between August 1996 and March 1998 showed identical or nearly similar pulsotypes. It is clear that there is a certain degree of genomic reassortment among the O3:K6 clones but that these strains are predominantly one clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Bag
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta-700 010, India
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Abstract
Prolyl endopeptidase (EC3.4.21.26) has been considered a unique intracellular enzyme catalyzing internal peptide bond hydrolysis of Pro-X. In this study, the distribution of prolyl endopeptidase activity and its mRNA was investigated in the follicles of porcine ovary. Both follicular fluid and granulosa cell fractions from small follicles showed higher activity than those from large follicles. Molecular cloning and Northern blot analysis suggested that only one species of prolyl endopeptidase gene was expressed in the ovary. In addition, in situ hybridization study revealed that the prolyl endopeptidase mRNA expression was more noticeable in the granulosa cell layers of small ovarian follicles than in those of large follicles, suggesting its importance in the early stage of follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kimura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
Follipsin purified from the follicular fluid of porcine ovaries was studied for its specificity against various synthetic and peptide substrates. The enzyme cleaved only by an endopeptidase activity at the amide and peptide bonds of Arg-X, indicating strict specificity of the S1 pocket for arginine. The specificity for pocket S2 appears to favor either hydrophobic or basic side chains. A 10-residue peptide containing a portion of the activation site of human tissue plasminogen activator was synthesized and tested with the enzyme. The peptide was cleaved by follipsin at the Arg-Ile bond, as expected from the specificity deduced above. Furthermore, the enzyme successfully converted single-chain precursor tissue plasminogen activator (sctPA) to its active, two-chain form by cleaving the corresponding peptide bond. Comparison of the rates of single-chain precursor tissue plasminogen activator activation and tissue plasminogen activator peptide hydrolysis revealed that the former is a more efficient substrate than the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ohnishi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Hamabata T, Okimura H, Yokoyama N, Takahashi T, Takahashi K. Purification, characterization, and localization of follipsin, a novel serine proteinase from the fluid of porcine ovarian follicles. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:17899-904. [PMID: 8027045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Follipsin, an enzyme that accumulates in the follicular fluid of porcine ovaries during follicular maturation, was purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified enzyme consists of two different polypeptide chains having M(r) = 45,000 and 32,000 each, associated covalently. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, benzamidine, leupeptin, and antipain, indicating that follipsin is a serine proteinase. Using synthetic peptide substrates containing 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide, follipsin was shown to preferentially hydrolyze Arg-X bonds but not Lys-X bonds. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the 45- and 32-kDa polypeptides were highly homologous with those of the heavy and light chains, respectively, of human plasma kallikrein and human factor XIa. Immunological analyses and substrate specificity studies, together with other existing evidence, indicated that follipsin is distinct from kallikrein and factor XIa, thus being a novel type of serine proteinase. Follipsin is immunohistochemically localized in follicular fluid as well as in stroma cells of porcine ovaries. The results strongly suggest that follipsin originates from interstitial cells of the ovarian stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hamabata
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Hamabata T, Okimura H, Yokoyama N, Takahashi T, Takahashi K. Purification, characterization, and localization of follipsin, a novel serine proteinase from the fluid of porcine ovarian follicles. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Awasaki T, Juni N, Hamabata T, Yoshida K, Matsuda M, Tobari YN, Hori SH. Retrotransposon-induced ectopic expression of cut causes the Om(1A) mutant in Drosophila ananassae. Genetics 1994; 137:165-74. [PMID: 8056307 PMCID: PMC1205933 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/137.1.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic morphology (Om) mutations in Drosophila ananassae map to at least 22 loci scattered throughout the genome. They are semidominant, neomorphic, nonpleiotropic, and are associated with the insertion of a retrotransposon, tom. The Om(1A) gene, which is cytogenetically linked to the cut locus, was cloned using a DNA fragment of the cut locus of Drosophila melanogaster as a probe. Three of the eight alleles of Om(1A) examined have insertion of the tom element within a putative cut region. The gamma-ray-induced revertants of Om(1A) are accompanied with cut lethal mutations and rearrangements within the cut coding region. In the eye imaginal discs of the Om(1A) mutants, differentiation of photoreceptor clusters is suppressed, abnormal cell death occurs in the center and the cut protein is expressed ectopically. D. melanogaster flies transformed with a chimeric cut gene under the control of a heat-inducible promoter show excessive cell death in the region anterior to the morphogenetic furrow, suppressed differentiation to photoreceptor clusters and defect in the imaginal eye morphology when subjected to temperature elevation. These findings suggest that the tom element inserted within the Om(1A) region induces ectopic cut expression in the eye imaginal discs, thus resulting in the Om(1A) mutant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Awasaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ito H, Hamabata T, Hori SH. Transcriptional activation of the Drosophila melanogaster glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene by insertion of defective P elements. Mol Gen Genet 1993; 241:637-46. [PMID: 8264538 DOI: 10.1007/bf00279906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tandem insertions of defective P elements (1.15 kb KP and 0.6 kb core P) accelerate the transcription rate of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene in Drosophila melanogaster. In this report, we have analyzed the activation mechanism of the G6PD promoter by in vitro transcription and gel retardation assays. Results showed that one cis-acting region in the core P and two such regions in the KP are associated with activation of the G6PD promoter, and that putative transcriptional regulatory protein(s) which specifically bind to each of the cis-acting regions are present in nuclear extracts of Canton S embryos. On the other hand, the P elements do not activate the normal actin 5C promoter, but activate the promoter when the 20 bp sequence around the G6PD transcription start site is placed in front of the promoter. It appears that the GC-rich region in this 20 bp sequence is required for the activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ito
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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