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Davis EJ, Ye B, Machado F, Meynell SA, Wu W, Mittiga T, Schenken W, Joos M, Kobrin B, Lyu Y, Wang Z, Bluvstein D, Choi S, Zu C, Jayich ACB, Yao NY. Probing many-body dynamics in a two-dimensional dipolar spin ensemble. Nat Phys 2023; 19:836-844. [PMID: 37323805 PMCID: PMC10264245 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023-01944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The most direct approach for characterizing the quantum dynamics of a strongly interacting system is to measure the time evolution of its full many-body state. Despite the conceptual simplicity of this approach, it quickly becomes intractable as the system size grows. An alternate approach is to think of the many-body dynamics as generating noise, which can be measured by the decoherence of a probe qubit. Here we investigate what the decoherence dynamics of such a probe tells us about the many-body system. In particular, we utilize optically addressable probe spins to experimentally characterize both static and dynamical properties of strongly interacting magnetic dipoles. Our experimental platform consists of two types of spin defects in nitrogen delta-doped diamond: nitrogen-vacancy colour centres, which we use as probe spins, and a many-body ensemble of substitutional nitrogen impurities. We demonstrate that the many-body system's dimensionality, dynamics and disorder are naturally encoded in the probe spins' decoherence profile. Furthermore, we obtain direct control over the spectral properties of the many-body system, with potential applications in quantum sensing and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Davis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - B. Ye
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - F. Machado
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - S. A. Meynell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - W. Wu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - T. Mittiga
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - W. Schenken
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - M. Joos
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - B. Kobrin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Y. Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Z. Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - D. Bluvstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - S. Choi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - C. Zu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| | | | - N. Y. Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
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Hsieh S, Bhattacharyya P, Zu C, Mittiga T, Smart TJ, Machado F, Kobrin B, Höhn TO, Rui NZ, Kamrani M, Chatterjee S, Choi S, Zaletel M, Struzhkin VV, Moore JE, Levitas VI, Jeanloz R, Yao NY. Imaging stress and magnetism at high pressures using a nanoscale quantum sensor. Science 2019; 366:1349-1354. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pressure alters the physical, chemical, and electronic properties of matter. The diamond anvil cell enables tabletop experiments to investigate a diverse landscape of high-pressure phenomena. Here, we introduce and use a nanoscale sensing platform that integrates nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers directly into the culet of diamond anvils. We demonstrate the versatility of this platform by performing diffraction-limited imaging of both stress fields and magnetism as a function of pressure and temperature. We quantify all normal and shear stress components and demonstrate vector magnetic field imaging, enabling measurement of the pressure-driven α↔ϵ phase transition in iron and the complex pressure-temperature phase diagram of gadolinium. A complementary NV-sensing modality using noise spectroscopy enables the characterization of phase transitions even in the absence of static magnetic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hsieh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P. Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. Zu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T. Mittiga
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T. J. Smart
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - F. Machado
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B. Kobrin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T. O. Höhn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - N. Z. Rui
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M. Kamrani
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - S. Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - S. Choi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M. Zaletel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - V. V. Struzhkin
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - J. E. Moore
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - V. I. Levitas
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Ames Laboratory, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - R. Jeanloz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - N. Y. Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Mittiga T, Hsieh S, Zu C, Kobrin B, Machado F, Bhattacharyya P, Rui NZ, Jarmola A, Choi S, Budker D, Yao NY. Imaging the Local Charge Environment of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:246402. [PMID: 30608732 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.246402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the local internal environment surrounding solid-state spin defects is crucial to harnessing them as nanoscale sensors of external fields. This is especially germane to the case of defect ensembles which can exhibit a complex interplay between interactions, internal fields, and lattice strain. Working with the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, we demonstrate that local electric fields dominate the magnetic resonance behavior of NV ensembles at a low magnetic field. We introduce a simple microscopic model that quantitatively captures the observed spectra for samples with NV concentrations spanning more than two orders of magnitude. Motivated by this understanding, we propose and implement a novel method for the nanoscale localization of individual charges within the diamond lattice; our approach relies upon the fact that the charge induces a NV dark state which depends on the electric field orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mittiga
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Hsieh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Zu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Kobrin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Machado
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Z Rui
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Jarmola
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Budker
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Helmholtz Institut, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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