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Sabatelli P, Palma E, Angelin A, Squarzoni S, Urciuolo A, Pellegrini C, Tiepolo T, Bonaldo P, Gualandi F, Merlini L, Bernardi P, Maraldi NM. Critical evaluation of the use of cell cultures for inclusion in clinical trials of patients affected by collagen VI myopathies. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2927-35. [PMID: 21953374 PMCID: PMC3415679 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Collagen VI myopathies (Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), Bethlem myopathy (BM), and myosclerosis myopathy) share a common pathogenesis, that is, mitochondrial dysfunction due to deregulation of the permeability transition pore (PTP). This effect was first identified in the Col6a1(-/-) mouse model and then in muscle cell cultures from UCMD and BM patients; the normalizing effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) confirmed the pathogenic role of PTP opening. In order to determine whether mitochondrial performance can be used as a criterion for inclusion in clinical trials and as an outcome measure of the patient response to therapy, it is mandatory to establish whether mitochondrial dysfunction is conserved in primary cell cultures from UCMD and BM patients. In this study we report evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and the consequent increase of apoptotic rate can be detected not only, as previously reported, in muscle, but also in fibroblast cell cultures established from muscle biopsies of collagen VI-related myopathic patients. However, the mitochondrial phenotype is no longer maintained after nine passages in culture. These data demonstrate that the dire consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction are not limited to myogenic cells, and that this parameter can be used as a suitable diagnostic criterion, provided that the cell culture conditions are carefully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sabatelli
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics c/o IOR, Bologna, Italy
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Grumati P, Coletto L, Sabatelli P, Cescon M, Angelin A, Bertaggia E, Blaauw B, Urciuolo A, Tiepolo T, Merlini L, Maraldi NM, Bernardi P, Sandri M, Bonaldo P. Autophagy is defective in collagen VI muscular dystrophies, and its reactivation rescues myofiber degeneration. Nat Med 2010; 16:1313-20. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Menazza S, Blaauw B, Tiepolo T, Toniolo L, Braghetta P, Spolaore B, Reggiani C, Di Lisa F, Bonaldo P, Canton M. Oxidative stress by monoamine oxidases is causally involved in myofiber damage in muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:4207-15. [PMID: 20716577 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies documented the key role of oxidative stress and abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophies (MDs). The sources of ROS, however, are still controversial as well as their major molecular targets. This study investigated whether ROS produced in mitochondria by monoamine oxidase (MAO) contributes to MD pathogenesis. Pargyline, an MAO inhibitor, reduced ROS accumulation along with a beneficial effect on the dystrophic phenotype of Col6a1(-/-) mice, a model of Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich congenital MD, and mdx mice, a model of Duchenne MD. Based on our previous observations on oxidative damage of myofibrillar proteins in heart failure, we hypothesized that MAO-dependent ROS might impair contractile function in dystrophic muscles. Indeed, oxidation of myofibrillar proteins, as probed by formation of disulphide cross-bridges in tropomyosin, was detected in both Col6a1(-/-) and mdx muscles. Notably, pargyline significantly reduced myofiber apoptosis and ameliorated muscle strength in Col6a1(-/-) mice. This study demonstrates a novel and determinant role of MAO in MDs, adding evidence of the pivotal role of mitochondria and suggesting a therapeutic potential for MAO inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Menazza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Tiepolo T, Angelin A, Palma E, Sabatelli P, Merlini L, Nicolosi L, Finetti F, Braghetta P, Vuagniaux G, Dumont JM, Baldari CT, Bonaldo P, Bernardi P. The cyclophilin inhibitor Debio 025 normalizes mitochondrial function, muscle apoptosis and ultrastructural defects in Col6a1-/- myopathic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:1045-52. [PMID: 19519726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have investigated the therapeutic effects of the selective cyclophilin inhibitor D-MeAla(3)-EtVal(4)-cyclosporin (Debio 025) in myopathic Col6a1(-/-) mice, a model of muscular dystrophies due to defects of collagen VI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied calcineurin activity based on NFAT translocation; T cell activation based on expression of CD69 and CD25; propensity to open the permeability transition pore in mitochondria and skeletal muscle fibres based on the ability to retain Ca(2+) and on membrane potential, respectively; muscle ultrastructure by electronmicroscopy; and apoptotic rates by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling assays in Col6a1(-/-) mice before after treatment with Debio 025. KEY RESULTS Debio 025 did not inhibit calcineurin activity, yet it desensitizes the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in vivo. Treatment with Debio 025 prevented the mitochondrial dysfunction and normalized the apoptotic rates and ultrastructural lesions of myopathic Col6a1(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Desensitization of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore can be achieved by selective inhibition of matrix cyclophilin D without inhibition of calcineurin, resulting in an effective therapy of Col6a1(-/-) myopathic mice. These findings provide an important proof of principle that collagen VI muscular dystrophies can be treated with Debio 025. They represent an essential step towards an effective therapy for Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy and Bethlem Myopathy, because Debio 025 does not expose patients to the potentially harmful effects of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tiepolo
- Department of Histology, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
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Palma E, Tiepolo T, Angelin A, Sabatelli P, Maraldi NM, Basso E, Forte MA, Bernardi P, Bonaldo P. Genetic ablation of cyclophilin D rescues mitochondrial defects and prevents muscle apoptosis in collagen VI myopathic mice. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:2024-31. [PMID: 19293339 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) and Bethlem myopathy are inherited muscle disorders caused by mutations of genes encoding the extracellular matrix protein collagen VI (ColVI). Mice lacking ColVI (Col6a1(-/-)) display a myopathic phenotype associated with ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial dysfunction with abnormal opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP) and increased apoptosis of muscle fibers. Treatment with cyclosporin (Cs) A, a drug that desensitizes the PTP by binding to cyclophilin (Cyp)-D, was shown to rescue myofiber alterations in Col6a1(-/-) mice and in UCMD patients, suggesting a correlation between PTP opening and pathogenesis of ColVI muscular dystrophies. Here, we show that inactivation of the gene encoding for Cyp-D rescues the disease phenotype of ColVI deficiency. In the absence of Cyp-D, Col6a1(-/-) mice show negligible myofiber degeneration, rescue from mitochondrial dysfunction and ultrastructural defects, and normalized incidence of apoptosis. These findings (i) demonstrate that lack of Cyp-D is equivalent to its inhibition with CsA at curing the mouse dystrophic phenotype; (ii) establish a cause-effect relationship between Cyp-D-dependent PTP regulation and pathogenesis of the ColVI muscular dystrophy and (iii) validate Cyp-D and the PTP as pharmacological targets for the therapy of human ColVI myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Palma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Merlini L, Angelin A, Tiepolo T, Braghetta P, Sabatelli P, Zamparelli A, Ferlini A, Maraldi NM, Bonaldo P, Bernardi P. Cyclosporin A corrects mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle apoptosis in patients with collagen VI myopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:5225-9. [PMID: 18362356 PMCID: PMC2278179 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800962105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy are skeletal muscle diseases that are due to mutations in the genes encoding collagen VI, an extracellular matrix protein forming a microfibrillar network that is particularly prominent in the endomysium of skeletal muscle. Myoblasts from patients affected by Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy display functional and ultrastructural mitochondrial alterations and increased apoptosis due to inappropriate opening of the permeability transition pore, a mitochondrial inner membrane channel. These alterations could be normalized by treatment with cyclosporin A, a widely used immunosuppressant that desensitizes the permeability transition pore independently of calcineurin inhibition. Here, we report the results of an open pilot trial with cyclosporin A in five patients with collagen VI myopathies. Before treatment, all patients displayed mitochondrial dysfunction and increased frequency of apoptosis, as determined in muscle biopsies. Both of these pathologic signs were largely normalized after 1 month of oral cyclosporin A administration, which also increased muscle regeneration. These findings demonstrate that collagen VI myopathies can be effectively treated with drugs acting on the pathogenic mechanism downstream of the genetic lesion, and they represent an important proof of principle for the potential therapy of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Merlini
- *Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and
| | - Tania Tiepolo
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, I-35121 Padua, Italy; and
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, I-35121 Padua, Italy; and
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli and the Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zamparelli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli and the Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- *Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nadir M. Maraldi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli and the Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, I-35121 Padua, Italy; and
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and
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Angelin A, Tiepolo T, Sabatelli P, Grumati P, Bergamin N, Golfieri C, Mattioli E, Gualandi F, Ferlini A, Merlini L, Maraldi NM, Bonaldo P, Bernardi P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and prospective therapy with cyclosporins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:991-6. [PMID: 17215366 PMCID: PMC1783427 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610270104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is a severe genetically and clinically heterogeneous muscle disorder linked to collagen VI deficiency. The pathogenesis of the disease is unknown. To assess the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of muscle fiber death in this form of dystrophy, we studied biopsies and myoblast cultures obtained from patients with different genetic defects of collagen VI and variable clinical presentations of the disease. We identified a latent mitochondrial dysfunction in myoblasts from patients with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy that matched an increased occurrence of spontaneous apoptosis. Unlike those in myoblasts from healthy donors, mitochondria in cells from patients depolarized upon addition of oligomycin and displayed ultrastructural alterations that were worsened by treatment with oligomycin. The increased apoptosis, the ultrastructural defects, and the anomalous response to oligomycin could be normalized by Ca(2+) chelators, by plating cells on collagen VI, and by treatment with cyclosporin A or with the specific cyclophilin inhibitor methylAla(3)ethylVal(4)-cyclosporin, which does not affect calcineurin activity. Here we demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in muscle cell wasting in Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy. This study represents an essential step toward a pharmacological therapy of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy with cyclosporin A and methylAla(3)ethylVal(4) cyclosporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Angelin
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and
| | - Tania Tiepolo
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Istituto per i Trapianti d′Organo e l′Immunocitologia/Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Grumati
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Natascha Bergamin
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Golfieri
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Istituto per i Trapianti d′Organo e l′Immunocitologia/Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gualandi
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Luciano Merlini
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Nadir M. Maraldi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and
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