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Ratner C, Skov LJ, Raida Z, Bächler T, Bellmann-Sickert K, Le Foll C, Sivertsen B, Dalbøge LS, Hartmann B, Beck-Sickinger AG, Madsen AN, Jelsing J, Holst JJ, Lutz TA, Andrews ZB, Holst B. Effects of Peripheral Neurotensin on Appetite Regulation and Its Role in Gastric Bypass Surgery. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3482-92. [PMID: 27580810 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) is a peptide expressed in the brain and in the gastrointestinal tract. Brain NT inhibits food intake, but the effects of peripheral NT are less investigated. In this study, peripheral NT decreased food intake in both mice and rats, which was abolished by a NT antagonist. Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry, we found that peripheral NT activated brainstem and hypothalamic regions. The anorexigenic effect of NT was preserved in vagotomized mice but lasted shorter than in sham-operated mice. This in combination with a strong increase in c-Fos activation in area postrema after ip administration indicates that NT acts both through the blood circulation and the vagus. To improve the pharmacokinetics of NT, we developed a pegylated NT peptide, which presumably prolonged the half-life, and thus, the effect on feeding was extended compared with native NT. On a molecular level, the pegylated NT peptide increased proopiomelanocortin mRNA in the arcuate nucleus. We also investigated the importance of NT for the decreased food intake after gastric bypass surgery in a rat model of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). NT was increased in plasma and in the gastrointestinal tract in RYGB rats, and pharmacological antagonism of NT increased food intake transiently in RYGB rats. Taken together, our data suggest that NT is a metabolically active hormone, which contributes to the regulation of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ratner
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Louise J Skov
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zindy Raida
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas Bächler
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kathrin Bellmann-Sickert
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Bjørn Sivertsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Louise S Dalbøge
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andreas N Madsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jacob Jelsing
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jens J Holst
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.), Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical Sciences (B.Ha., J.J.H.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Metabolic Receptology (C.R., L.J.S., Z.R., B.S., A.N.M., B.Ho.) and Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology (B.Ha., J.J.H.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Veterinary Physiology (T.B., C.L.F., T.A.L.), Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.A.L.), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry (K.B.-S., A.G.B.-S.), University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Gubra ApS (L.S.D., J.J.), Hørsholm, DK-2970 Denmark; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute (Z.B.A.), Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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