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Construct validation of machine learning for accurately predicting the risk of postoperative surgical site infection following spine surgery. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:232-241. [PMID: 38029857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) following spine surgery. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 986 patients who underwent spine surgery at Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to October 2022. Supervised ML algorithms included support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, XGboost, decision tree, k-nearest neighbour, and naïve Bayes (NB), which were tested and trained to develop a predicting model. The ML model performance was evaluated from the test dataset. We gradually analysed their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve. RESULTS The rate of SSI was 9.33%. Using a backward stepwise approach, we identified that the remarkable risk factors predicting SSI in the multi-variate Cox regression analysis were age, body mass index, smoking, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, drain duration and pre-operative albumin level. Compared with other ML algorithms, the NB model had the highest performance in seven ML models, with an average area under the curve of 0.95, sensitivity of 0.78, specificity of 0.88, and accuracy of 0.87. CONCLUSIONS The NB model in the ML algorithm had excellent calibration and accurately predicted the risk of SSI compared with the existing models, and might serve as an important tool for the early detection and treatment of SSI following spinal infection.
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Achromobacter species (sp.) outbreak caused by hospital equipment containing contaminated water: risk factors for infection. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:141-147. [PMID: 38403082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nosocomial outbreaks of urinary tract infections caused by Achromobacter spp. have been rare in recent decades. AIM To identify the origin of an Achromobacter sp. outbreak, conduct multi-modal infection control measures, and finally to stop the outbreak. To this end, an epidemiological outbreak investigation and risk factor analysis were performed. METHODS Achromobacter sp. was detected in 22 patients in our urology wards and six environmental cultures of specimens obtained from the operating rooms. Strains isolated were submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. An on-site epidemiological investigation, evaluation of patient medical records, and environmental sampling were performed to identify the source of the outbreak, and implementation of infection control intervention. A case-control study was performed to analyse the potential risk factors. FINDINGS Environmental sampling showed that the source of the infection for 22 patients was an ISA-IIIA-type medical pressurizer containing contaminated water. A case-control analysis showed that the risk factors for infection were: diagnosis of kidney/ureteral stones, surgery, placement of a double-J stent, and history of hospitalization in the past three months. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the outbreak occurred in patients who underwent internal lithotripsy and double-J stent placement, due to contact transmission with the contaminated sensor and connecting tubes of the ISA-IIIA-type medical pressurizer.
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Study of High-Transverse-Momentum Higgs Boson Production in Association with a Vector Boson in the qqbb Final State with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:131802. [PMID: 38613283 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This Letter presents the first study of Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson (V=W or Z) in the fully hadronic qqbb final state using data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb^{-1}. The vector bosons and Higgs bosons are each reconstructed as large-radius jets and tagged using jet substructure techniques. Dedicated tagging algorithms exploiting b-tagging properties are used to identify jets consistent with Higgs bosons decaying into bb[over ¯]. Dominant backgrounds from multijet production are determined directly from the data, and a likelihood fit to the jet mass distribution of Higgs boson candidates is used to extract the number of signal events. The VH production cross section is measured inclusively and differentially in several ranges of Higgs boson transverse momentum: 250-450, 450-650, and greater than 650 GeV. The inclusive signal yield relative to the standard model expectation is observed to be μ=1.4_{-0.9}^{+1.0} and the corresponding cross section is 3.1±1.3(stat)_{-1.4}^{+1.8}(syst) pb.
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Measurement of the Centrality Dependence of the Dijet Yield in p+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:102301. [PMID: 38518341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
ATLAS measured the centrality dependence of the dijet yield using 165 nb^{-1} of p+Pb data collected at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV in 2016. The event centrality, which reflects the p+Pb impact parameter, is characterized by the total transverse energy registered in the Pb-going side of the forward calorimeter. The central-to-peripheral ratio of the scaled dijet yields, R_{CP}, is evaluated, and the results are presented as a function of variables that reflect the kinematics of the initial hard parton scattering process. The R_{CP} shows a scaling with the Bjorken x of the parton originating from the proton, x_{p}, while no such trend is observed as a function of x_{Pb}. This analysis provides unique input to understanding the role of small proton spatial configurations in p+Pb collisions by covering parton momentum fractions from the valence region down to x_{p}∼10^{-3} and x_{Pb}∼4×10^{-4}.
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Complete chloroplast genomes of eight Artemisia species: Comparative analysis, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:257-269. [PMID: 38169134 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Artemisia L. is the largest genus in the Asteraceae, and well known for its high medicinal value. The morphological features of Artemisia species are similar, making taxonomic identification and evolutionary research difficult. We sequenced chloroplast genomes of eight Artemisia species, all of which are common adulterants of A. argyi. We used novel genetic data and compared these data to the published A. argyi chloroplast genome in to develop molecular markers for species identification and reconstructing phylogenetic relationships between Artemisia species. The eight chloroplast sequences were highly similar in gene order, content, and structure, encoding a total of 114 genes (82 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNAs, and four rRNAs). All species harboured similar repeat sequences and simple sequence repeats (SSRs), ranging from 47 to 49 and 38 to 40 repeats, respectively. In addition, we identified five hypervariable regions (rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnQ, petN-psbM, trnE-rpoB, and atpA-trnR) and ten variable coding genes (ycf1, psbG, rpl36, psaC, psaI, accD, psbT, ndhD, ndhE, and psbH), which can be used to develop chloroplast molecular markers. Finally, phylogenetic reconstructions based on six datasets produced similar topologies, revealing A. argyi is closely related to species often found as adulterants, as expected. Our research provides valuable new information on the evolution and phylogenetic relationships between Artemisia chloroplast genomes and identifies valuable molecular makers to distinguish it from closely related species.
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Search for New Phenomena in Two-Body Invariant Mass Distributions Using Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081801. [PMID: 38457710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Searches for new resonances are performed using an unsupervised anomaly-detection technique. Events with at least one electron or muon are selected from 140 fb^{-1} of pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV recorded by ATLAS at the Large Hadron Collider. The approach involves training an autoencoder on data, and subsequently defining anomalous regions based on the reconstruction loss of the decoder. Studies focus on nine invariant mass spectra that contain pairs of objects consisting of one light jet or b jet and either one lepton (e,μ), photon, or second light jet or b jet in the anomalous regions. No significant deviations from the background hypotheses are observed. Limits on contributions from generic Gaussian signals with various widths of the resonance mass are obtained for nine invariant masses in the anomalous regions.
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One-pot heat-up synthesis of short-wavelength infrared, colloidal InAs quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:071103. [PMID: 38380752 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
III-V colloidal quantum dots (QDs) promise Pb and Hg-free QD compositions with which to build short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) optoelectronic devices. However, their synthesis is limited by the availability of group-V precursors with controllable reactivities to prepare monodisperse, SWIR-absorbing III-V QDs. Here, we report a one-pot heat-up method to synthesize ∼8 nm edge length (∼6.5 nm in height) tetrahedral, SWIR-absorbing InAs QDs by increasing the [In3+]:[As3+] ratio introduced using commercially available InCl3 and AsCl3 precursors and by decreasing the concentration and optimizing the volume of the reducing reagent superhydride to control the concentration of In(0) and As(0) intermediates through QD nucleation and growth. InAs QDs are treated with NOBF4, and their deposited films are exchanged with Na2S to yield n-type InAs QD films. We realize the only colloidal InAs QD photoconductors with responsivity at the technologically important wavelength of 1.55 μm.
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Return on investment of fracture liaison services: a systematic review and analysis. Osteoporos Int 2024:10.1007/s00198-024-07027-2. [PMID: 38300316 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Fracture liaison services (FLS) have been proven clinically effective and cost-effective in preventing subsequent fractures among patients with an existing fragility fracture. Little is known about their monetary benefits such as their return on investment (ROI). This systematic review aimed to investigate the ROI of FLS and identify the FLS characteristics with better ROI. Studies on the cost-effectiveness of FLS published between January 2000 and December 2022 were searched from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction. ROI was calculated based on the difference between monetary benefits and FLS costs divided by the FLS costs. Subgroup analysis of ROI was performed across FLS types and FLS design details. A total of 23 FLS were included in this review. The majority of them were targeting patients aged over 50 years having fractures without identified sites. The mean ROI of these FLS was 10.49 (with a median ROI of 7.57), and 86.96% of FLS had positive ROI. FLS making treatment recommendations yielded the highest ROI (with a mean ROI of 18.39 and a median of 13.60). Incorporating primary care providers (with a mean ROI of 16.04 and a median of 13.20) or having them as program leaders (with a mean ROI of 12.07 and a median of 12.07) has demonstrated a high ROI. FLS for specific fracture sites had great monetary return. Intensive FLS such as type A and B FLS programs had higher ROI than non-intensive type C and D FLS. This review revealed a 10.49-fold monetary return of FLS. Identified characteristics contributing to greater economic return informed value-for-money FLS designs. Findings highlight the importance of FLS and the feasibility of expanding their contribution in mitigating the economic burden of osteoporotic fracture and are conducive to the promotion of FLS internationally.
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Observation of WZγ Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:021802. [PMID: 38277610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.021802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
This Letter reports the observation of WZγ production and a measurement of its cross section using 140.1±1.2 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The WZγ production cross section, with both the W and Z bosons decaying leptonically, pp→WZγ→ℓ^{'}^{±}νℓ^{+}ℓ^{-}γ (ℓ^{(^{'})}=e, μ), is measured in a fiducial phase-space region defined such that the leptons and the photon have high transverse momentum and the photon is isolated. The cross section is found to be 2.01±0.30(stat)±0.16(syst) fb. The corresponding standard model predicted cross section calculated at next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics and at leading order in the electroweak coupling constant is 1.50±0.06 fb. The observed significance of the WZγ signal is 6.3σ, compared with an expected significance of 5.0σ.
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Machine-learning-based performance comparison of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) CT radiomics features for intracerebral haemorrhage expansion. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e26-e33. [PMID: 37926647 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the value of non-contrast CT (NCCT)-based two-dimensional (2D) radiomics features in predicting haematoma expansion (HE) after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and compare its predictive ability with the three-dimensional (3D) signature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and seven ICH patients who received baseline NCCT within 6 h of ictus from two stroke centres were analysed retrospectively. 2D and 3D radiomics features were extracted in the manner of one-to-one correspondence. The 2D and 3D models were generated by four different machine-learning algorithms (regularised L1 logistic regression, decision tree, support vector machine and AdaBoost), and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare their predictive performance. A robustness analysis was performed according to baseline haematoma volume. RESULTS Each feature type of 2D and 3D modalities used for subsequent analyses had excellent consistency (mean ICC >0.9). Among the different machine-learning algorithms, pairwise comparison showed no significant difference in both the training (mean area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.858 versus 0.802, all p>0.05) and validation datasets (mean AUC 0.725 versus 0.678, all p>0.05), and the 10-fold cross-validation evaluation yielded similar results. The AUCs of the 2D and 3D models were comparable either in the binary or tertile volume analysis (all p>0.5). CONCLUSION NCCT-derived 2D radiomics features exhibited acceptable and similar performance to the 3D features in predicting HE, and this comparability seemed unaffected by initial haematoma volume. The 2D signature may be preferred in future HE-related radiomic works given its compatibility with emergency condition of ICH.
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Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass from the H→γγ and H→ZZ^{*}→4ℓ Decay Channels with the ATLAS Detector Using sqrt[s]=7, 8, and 13 TeV pp Collision Data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:251802. [PMID: 38181336 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.251802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson combining the H→ZZ^{*}→4ℓ and H→γγ decay channels is presented. The result is based on 140 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC run 2 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV combined with the run 1 ATLAS mass measurement, performed at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding a Higgs boson mass of 125.11±0.09(stat)±0.06(syst)=125.11±0.11 GeV. This corresponds to a 0.09% precision achieved on this fundamental parameter of the Standard Model of particle physics.
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Search for Dark Photons in Rare Z Boson Decays with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:251801. [PMID: 38181367 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.251801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A search for events with a dark photon produced in association with a dark Higgs boson via rare decays of the standard model Z boson is presented, using 139 fb^{-1} of sqrt[s]=13 TeV proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The dark boson decays into a pair of dark photons, and at least two of the three dark photons must each decay into a pair of electrons or muons, resulting in at least two same-flavor opposite-charge lepton pairs in the final state. The data are found to be consistent with the background prediction, and upper limits are set on the dark photon's coupling to the dark Higgs boson times the kinetic mixing between the standard model photon and the dark photon, α_{D}ϵ^{2}, in the dark photon mass range of [5, 40] GeV except for the ϒ mass window [8.8, 11.1] GeV. This search explores new parameter space not previously excluded by other experiments.
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Observation of Single-Top-Quark Production in Association with a Photon Using the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:181901. [PMID: 37977601 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.181901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports the observation of single top quarks produced together with a photon, which directly probes the electroweak coupling of the top quark. The analysis uses 139 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Requiring a photon with transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV and within the detector acceptance, the fiducial cross section is measured to be 688±23(stat) _{-71}^{+75}(syst) fb, to be compared with the standard model prediction of 515_{-42}^{+36} fb at next-to-leading order in QCD.
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Author Correction: A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery. Nature 2023; 623:E5. [PMID: 37853131 PMCID: PMC10620074 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
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Measurement of Suppression of Large-Radius Jets and Its Dependence on Substructure in Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:172301. [PMID: 37955510 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This letter presents a measurement of the nuclear modification factor of large-radius jets in sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV Pb+Pb collisions by the ATLAS experiment. The measurement is performed using 1.72 nb^{-1} and 257 pb^{-1} of Pb+Pb and pp data, respectively. The large-radius jets are reconstructed with the anti-k_{t} algorithm using a radius parameter of R=1.0, by reclustering anti-k_{t} R=0.2 jets, and are measured over the transverse momentum (p_{T}) kinematic range of 158
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Measurement of the Sensitivity of Two-Particle Correlations in pp Collisions to the Presence of Hard Scatterings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:162301. [PMID: 37925689 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.162301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A key open question in the study of multiparticle production in high-energy pp collisions is the relationship between the "ridge"-i.e., the observed azimuthal correlations between particles in the underlying event that extend over all rapidities-and hard or semihard scattering processes. In particular, it is not known whether jets or their soft fragments are correlated with particles in the underlying event. To address this question, two-particle correlations are measured in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV using data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, with an integrated luminosity of 15.8 pb^{-1}, in two different configurations. In the first case, charged particles associated with jets are excluded from the correlation analysis, while in the second case, correlations are measured between particles within jets and charged particles from the underlying event. Second-order flow coefficients, v_{2}, are presented as a function of event multiplicity and transverse momentum. These measurements show that excluding particles associated with jets does not affect the measured correlations. Moreover, particles associated with jets do not exhibit any significant azimuthal correlations with the underlying event, ruling out hard processes contributing to the ridge.
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Observation of an Excess of Dicharmonium Events in the Four-Muon Final State with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151902. [PMID: 37897770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
A search is made for potential ccc[over ¯]c[over ¯] tetraquarks decaying into a pair of charmonium states in the four muon final state using proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^{-1} recorded by the ATLAS experiment at LHC. Two decay channels, J/ψ+J/ψ→4μ and J/ψ+ψ(2S)→4μ, are studied. Backgrounds are estimated based on a hybrid approach involving Monte Carlo simulations and data-driven methods. Statistically significant excesses with respect to backgrounds dominated by the single parton scattering are seen in the di-J/ψ channel consistent with a narrow resonance at 6.9 GeV and a broader structure at lower mass. A statistically significant excess is also seen in the J/ψ+ψ(2S) channel. The fitted masses and decay widths of the structures are reported.
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Observation of the γγ→ττ Process in Pb+Pb Collisions and Constraints on the τ-Lepton Anomalous Magnetic Moment with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151802. [PMID: 37897746 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports the observation of τ-lepton-pair production in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions Pb+Pb→Pb(γγ→ττ)Pb and constraints on the τ-lepton anomalous magnetic moment a_{τ}. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.44 nb^{-1} of LHC Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment in 2018. Selected events contain one muon from a τ-lepton decay, an electron or charged-particle track(s) from the other τ-lepton decay, little additional central-detector activity, and no forward neutrons. The γγ→ττ process is observed in Pb+Pb collisions with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations and a signal strength of μ_{ττ}=1.03_{-0.05}^{+0.06} assuming the standard model value for a_{τ}. To measure a_{τ}, a template fit to the muon transverse-momentum distribution from τ-lepton candidates is performed, using a dimuon (γγ→μμ) control sample to constrain systematic uncertainties. The observed 95% confidence-level interval for a_{τ} is -0.057
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Bridging the Gap of Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Quality between High-Income, and Low- and Middle-Income Countries Using Knowledge-Based Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e591. [PMID: 37785788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiotherapy departments in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Guatemala have recently introduced intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). IMRT has become the standard of care in high-income countries (HIC) due to reduced toxicity and improved outcomes in some cancers. The purpose of this work is to show the feasibility of adapting knowledge-based (KB) models established in a HIC to a LMIC lacking experience in IMRT to improve plan quality and planning efficiency. MATERIALS/METHODS A Halcyon Linac was installed at our clinic in Guatemala in 2019 and has been used to treat approximately 90 patients daily with IMRT. A model developed on a cohort of head and neck cancer patients at a US academic radiotherapy center were applied at our center to create 20head and neck VMAT plans with different prescriptions, including simultaneous-integrated and sequential boosts. RESULTS The plans created using the KB models achieved similar coverage of the planning target volume for each plan KB plans showed better 1) Parotid sparing with a mean dose reduction between 5%-25% and spinal cord maximum dose reduction between 3%-15%. The time efficiency to create VMAT plans using KB model versus manual planning improved four-fold, on average one hour versus more than 4 hours, respectively. CONCLUSION Despite different prescriptions, guidelines and demographics of cancer patients between two institutions in a HIC and LMIC, this work demonstrates that KB planning can be used to generate better and more consistent VMAT plans versus manually created plans. In addition, KB planning has the potential to greatly increase planning efficiency higher efficiency and help address the shortage of medical physicists and dosimetrists in LMICs.
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Performance of Adaptive Deep Learning Models for Dose Predictions on High-Quality Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e661. [PMID: 37785959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Online plan generation remains a patient-specific and time-consuming process that can place a significant burden on clinics strained with staffing shortages. As previous research show that dose-volume histogram (DVH) prediction plays a crucial role in automatic treatment planning, the objective of this study is to assess the capability of adaptive deep learning models in predicting dose information in volumetric modulation radiotherapy plans using the high-quality CBCT images and contour information of organs-at-risk (OARs). MATERIALS/METHODS The relationship between dose-volume histograms (DVHs) in radiotherapy plans and the geometric information of organs-at-risk (OAR) and planning target volume (PTV) has been well established. To evaluate the performance of the current state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) models including VIT3D and Unet3D, and intuitive machine learning methods (i.e., SVM and MLP), we implemented those models for dose prediction and conducted a comprehensive analysis with treatment plans created from images acquired from patients who consented to participate an IRB-approved imaging study designed to evaluate the imaging performance of the system. In total, 20 plans created by certified medical dosimetrists were employed in this study, with 15 used for training the machine-learning models and the remaining 5 used for performance testing. Two evaluation metrics were used: 1) root mean square error (RMSE) of the predicted dose and true dose and 2) time spent on dose prediction. RESULTS The results of the analysis showed that the ViT-3D (Transformer) model had the lowest RMSE of 3.682 ±0.010, followed by the Unet-3D (CNN) model with an RMSE of. 3.973 ±0.021 The MLP model had an RMSE of 8.007 ±0.019 while the SVM model had the highest RMSE of 9.156 ±0.032. For a fair comparison, we use 4-fold cross validation (each has 15 training plans and 5 testing plans), and report the mean value with standard deviation. All models are optimized with Adam optimizer of a learning rate 0.01, and the training process is stopped after 100 epochs. These findings indicate that the ViT-3D (Transformer) model performed the best in terms of predicting the dose information in volumetric modulation radiotherapy plans based on the CBCT images and contour information of OARs. For tested plan which contains 81 CT images (512 × 512 resolution), the inference time to predict dose information with a general CPU machine (6-Core Intel Core i7) is about 1.5 minutes. With GPU resources, such as NVIDIA A100, the inference process can be finished within seconds. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that current state-of-the-art machine-learning models can achieve promising accuracy in dose prediction using high-quality CBCT images. A well-trained machine-learning model could offer clinicians a quick and reliable prediction of the true dose to patients in the case of significant anatomical changes or provide patient-specific optimization objectives if replanning is warranted.
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Standardizing LT Chest Wall Radiotherapy Treatment Planning in a Low- or Middle- Income Country Radiotherapy Clinic Using Knowledge Based Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e675-e676. [PMID: 37785990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiotherapy departments in low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) tend to lag behind introducing emerging technologies like intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). IMRT has become the standard of care in high-income countries (HIC) due to reduced toxicity and improved outcomes in a wide variety of cancers. The purpose of this work is showing the results of left Chest-Wall knowledge-based planning (KBP) standardization and implementation in a LMIC setting. MATERIALS/METHODS A Halcyon Linac was installed at our clinic in Guatemala in 2019 and currently used to treat ∼90 IMRT patients daily. The standardization of IMRT procedures has been difficult for complex sites like chest-wall. The steps for standardization included: AAPM TG-263 nomenclature implementation, and planning workflows within the TPS, creation of optimization structures, and plan quality evaluation following RTOG1005 protocol hypofractionation arm. 25 plans were created manually achieving all RTOG1005 protocol constraints. The statistics were analyzed trough the model analytics tool provided by KPB manufacturer. RESULTS The results show that more plans are needed to improve the KBP model. This initial model was used to create a standardized clinical protocol in the TPS in order to continue adding plans to the KBP model database. This approach ensures that we obtain consistent plan quality and standardize our planning. The manual planning objectives achieved: CONCLUSION: The experience using the TPS to standardize our treatment planning process achieved good consistency in our planning objectives. This approach will help create KBP models according to our own clinic-specific requirements. Future work will be made to compare our LMIC KBP models with those made at a HIC academic radiotherapy center.
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Accuracy of Electron Density and Planning Dosimetry in a Novel High-Quality CBCT Imaging System. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e749. [PMID: 37786168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) A high-quality Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging system has been FDA approved for imaging guidance and dose calculation in radiotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the relative electron density in CBCT images acquired in this CBCT imaging system in a phantom study and its dosimetric impact on treatment planning in a patient study. MATERIALS/METHODS Astoichiometric CT calibration was performed with a CIRS phantom (SunNuclear, Model 062M) to generate the HU-electron density curve for two tube voltages, 125kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. The phantom has a longitudinal length of 26.5 cm and is equipped with interchangeable inserts of various compositions, supplied by the vendor. Measurements were taken with solid water plates added to both ends of the phantom to allow adequate scattering and repeated for various clinical protocols with different combinations of tube voltages and exposures. The accuracy of the relative electron density of the CBCT imaging system was verified by comparing the calculated electron density from the Hounsfield Units (HU) measurements obtained from a Gammex phantom to the relative electron densities provided in vendor's specifications. To benchmark the relative electron density of the CBCT imaging system against a standard helical CT simulator, ten clinical plans that were created on CT simulation images were copied and recalculated on the CBCT images acquired immediately after the CT simulation, the latter of which was a standard procedure in current radiotherapy care for all patients who had given their consent to participate in the IRB-approved imaging study. The dose grids used in these calculations were 2.5mm x 2.5mm x 3mm. The Gamma passing rate was calculated using a standard 3mm/3% criterion with a 10% threshold. RESULTS Ourresults showed the difference between the averaged CBCT calibration curves acquired at tube voltages of 125 kVP and 140 kVp was less than 2%. The mean discrepancy of the relative electron densities from vendor's specification was 0.0045 with a range between -0.02 and 0.04. Relative electron densities in all inserts were within 2% from the vendor's specifications except the cortical bone insert. Gamma passing rate was between 96.02% and 98.49% with mean value of 97.4% and a standard deviation of 0.95%. We consider this reflects the fact that the CT simulation and CBCT imaging were performed in separated rooms, which resulted in slight anatomical deformation that could negatively impact the Gamma passing rate. CONCLUSION The CBCT imaging system provides sufficient accuracy of electron density for dose calculation, and the dose distribution calculated on the CBCT images is clinically equivalent to those calculated on helical CT images. The enhanced imaging quality of CBCT could further extend the role of imaging guidance to planning for adaptive radiotherapy, potentially reducing the need for re-simulation and interruptions in the radiotherapy course.
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An In Silico study of a One-Day One-Machine Workflow for Definitive Radiotherapy Cases on a Novel Simulation and Treatment Platform. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e749. [PMID: 37786169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The workflow in Radiotherapy (RT) has largely unchanged for the past three decades, despite increasing evidence suggesting that delayed access to RT, including the wait time between consultation, simulation, and treatment appointments, can negatively impact clinical outcomes. In this pilot study, we present preliminary results of an in silico study that demonstrate the feasibility of a novel RT platform, which integrates simulation into the treatment process and enables patients to receive immediate RT after their initial RT consultation. MATERIALS/METHODS A prospective clinical study has been approved to assess the capabilities of a novel RT platform with a high quality CBCT system for imaging guidance as well as planning. This new platform enables a novel clinical workflow that allows clinicians to review contours and plans created on diagnostic CT images prior to the initial RT consultation and allow them to approve new plans adapted on the actual simulation dataset acquired on the first treatment fraction. Four patients receiving standard of care RT (three abdomen and one thorax) consented for this study and underwent additional experimental CBCT simulation on the new platform in addition to their standard CT simulation. The CBCT simulation was taken in two setups: with a specific mold on a flat couch and without a mold on a curved couch. To demonstrate the equivalence of the new workflow to the current standard of care, the plan created on the most recent diagnostic CT images was compared to the plans adapted on the experimental simulation images and the standard CT simulation images, using a knowledge-based model. Contours were propagated from approved datasets to the new datasets through deformable image registration. RESULTS All experimental simulations were completed between 14 and 21 minutes with the assistance of two therapists. The contouring, editing, and replanning process took less than one hour in all cases, in line with our experience and peer-reviewed literature. Despite notable anatomical changes observed, the dose-volume histograms (DVH) were consistent, as shown in Table 1. CONCLUSION The novel workflow presented herein was feasible and demonstrates that the integration of simulation with image-guided RT on one single platform may unlock the potential of accelerating the RT workflow and reducing the wait time for treatment from weeks to hours.
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Impact of AI-Based Auto-Segmentation on Radiotherapy Processes in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S80. [PMID: 37784580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiotherapy processes require significant human resources and expertise, creating a barrier for rapid deployment in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Optimal radiotherapy (RT) relies on accurate segmentation of tumor targets and organs-at-risk (OARs) during the RT planning process. This study reports the impact of AI-based auto-segmentation on RT processes in an LMIC. MATERIALS/METHODS Ten patients including five head and neck (HN), and five prostate cancer patients were randomly selected. Their planning CT images were subjected to auto- segmentation using an FDA-approved AI software tool, and manual segmentation by an experienced radiation oncologist from a Sub-Saharan African RT clinic. The control data consisted of contours from an experienced radiation oncologist and dosimetrists at a large academic institution in the US. For prostate cases, the contours included the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, rectum, penile bulb, and both femoral heads. For HN cases, the contours included the brain, brainstem, bilateral eyes, lens, optic nerves, cochlea, parotids, optic chiasm, spinal cord, oral cavity, and mandible. The time to complete the segmentation was recorded for both auto-segmentation and manual contours from the LMIC. The DICE similarity coefficients were used for comparative evaluation. RESULTS The average time for contouring per patient was 2 minutes for AI compared to 57 minutes for manual contouring in the LMIC. When comparing the control data, AI pelvic contours provide a slightly better agreement than LMIC manual contours for all the OARs, with the following mean DICE coefficients for AI vs LMIC manual contours: bladder (0.971 vs 0.958), left femoral head (0.960 vs 0.949), right femoral head (0.959 vs 0.941), rectum (0.880 vs 0.867), prostate (0.836 vs 0.824), seminal vesicles (0.696 vs 0.580), and penile bulb (0.536 vs 0.528). For HN contours, AI provide a better agreement for 7 of 11 OARs than the LMIC manual contours, with the following mean DICE coefficients: brain (0.972 vs 0.982), mandible (0.877 vs 0.925), right parotid (0.847 vs 0.800), left parotid (0.798 vs 0.792), spinal cord (0.837 vs 0.821), left eye (0.875 vs 0.832), right eye (0.867 vs 0.836), brainstem (0.866 vs 852), oral cavity (0.796 vs 0.787), left lens (0.650 vs 0.729) and right lens (0.671 vs 0.682). Neither AI contours nor LMIC manual contours had good agreement with the control data (<0.600) for optic nerves, chiasm, and cochlea due to their small volumes. CONCLUSION AI-based auto-segmentation tools are capable of producing contours of comparable quality to those generated by manual segmentation for both pelvic and HN cancer patients in LMICs, while also resulting in substantial time savings. AI-based auto-segmentation holds tremendous potential for improving radiotherapy care in LMICs with limited sources.
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Proton Online Adaptation Using Novel Cone-Beam Computed Tomography System. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e671. [PMID: 37785981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been used in clinic frequently to provide quick, online, and handy three-dimensional images. However, due to its significant artifacts and inaccurate Hounsfield values (HU), CBCT based online proton adaptation is infeasible. Recently, a novel in-room imaging solution was developed to allow larger images, better contrast and faster CBCT imaging acquisition. Our work demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of using this novel CBCT images for direct intensity modulated proton planning. MATERIALS/METHODS Three patients and three CIRS phantoms were scanned using novel imaging technique (CBCTp) for this work. CT curves were acquired by scanning a CIRS electron density phantom. Stopping power ratio was computed using the stoichiometric method. Proton plans were made on treatment simulation CT and further evaluated on CBCTp to compare the differences. RESULTS The table below shows three patients and three phantoms plan comparisons. Multiple sites and dose levels were studied. The planning target volume (PTV) coverage (D95%) and mean dose difference between simulation CT and CBCTp are 0.8% and 0.3%, correspondingly. Dosimetrically, phantom and patient plans are almost identical between two imaging techniques. Lung patient plan show the largest variation due to patient tumor change and the quality of breathing. CONCLUSION The novel and high quality of CBCT is feasible for direct proton planning with accurate CT calibration. It provides a reliable alternative solution for proton online adaptive therapy.
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Learning Intention-Aware Policies in Deep Reinforcement Learning. Neural Comput 2023; 35:1657-1677. [PMID: 37523456 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides an agent with an optimal policy so as to maximize the cumulative rewards. The policy defined in DRL mainly depends on the state, historical memory, and policy model parameters. However, we humans usually take actions according to our own intentions, such as moving fast or slow, besides the elements included in the traditional policy models. In order to make the action-choosing mechanism more similar to humans and make the agent to select actions that incorporate intentions, we propose an intention-aware policy learning method in this letter To formalize this process, we first define an intention-aware policy by incorporating the intention information into the policy model, which is learned by maximizing the cumulative rewards with the mutual information (MI) between the intention and the action. Then we derive an approximation of the MI objective that can be optimized efficiently. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the intention-aware policy in the classical MuJoCo control task and the multigoal continuous chain walking task.
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Strong Constraints on Jet Quenching in Centrality-Dependent p+Pb Collisions at 5.02 TeV from ATLAS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:072301. [PMID: 37656838 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.072301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Jet quenching is the process of color-charged partons losing energy via interactions with quark-gluon plasma droplets created in heavy-ion collisions. The collective expansion of such droplets is well described by viscous hydrodynamics. Similar evidence of collectivity is consistently observed in smaller collision systems, including pp and p+Pb collisions. In contrast, while jet quenching is observed in Pb+Pb collisions, no evidence has been found in these small systems to date, raising fundamental questions about the nature of the system created in these collisions. The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has measured the yield of charged hadrons correlated with reconstructed jets in 0.36 nb^{-1} of p+Pb and 3.6 pb^{-1} of pp collisions at 5.02 TeV. The yields of charged hadrons with p_{T}^{ch}>0.5 GeV near and opposite in azimuth to jets with p_{T}^{jet}>30 or 60 GeV, and the ratios of these yields between p+Pb and pp collisions, I_{pPb}, are reported. The collision centrality of p+Pb events is categorized by the energy deposited by forward neutrons from the struck nucleus. The I_{pPb} values are consistent with unity within a few percent for hadrons with p_{T}^{ch}>4 GeV at all centralities. These data provide new, strong constraints that preclude almost any parton energy loss in central p+Pb collisions.
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Search for Heavy Neutral Leptons in Decays of W Bosons Using a Dilepton Displaced Vertex in sqrt[s]=13 TeV pp Collisions with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:061803. [PMID: 37625051 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A search for a long-lived, heavy neutral lepton (N) in 139 fb^{-1} of sqrt[s]=13 TeV pp collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is reported. The N is produced via W→Nμ or W→Ne and decays into two charged leptons and a neutrino, forming a displaced vertex. The N mass is used to discriminate between signal and background. No signal is observed, and limits are set on the squared mixing parameters of the N with the left-handed neutrino states for the N mass range 3 GeV
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Test of CP Invariance in Higgs Boson Vector-Boson-Fusion Production Using the H→γγ Channel with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:061802. [PMID: 37625052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.061802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A test of CP invariance in Higgs boson production via vector-boson fusion has been performed in the H→γγ channel using 139 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The optimal observable method is used to probe the CP structure of interactions between the Higgs boson and electroweak gauge bosons, as described by an effective field theory. No sign of CP violation is observed in the data. Constraints are set on the parameters describing the strength of the CP-odd component in the coupling between the Higgs boson and the electroweak gauge bosons in two effective field theory bases: d[over ˜] in the HISZ basis and c_{HW[over ˜]} in the Warsaw basis. The results presented are the most stringent constraints on CP violation in the coupling between Higgs and weak bosons. The 95% C.L. constraint on d[over ˜] is derived for the first time and the 95% C.L. constraint on c_{HW[over ˜]} has been improved by a factor of 5 compared to the previous measurement.
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Physical forces guide curvature sensing and cell migration mode bifurcating. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad237. [PMID: 37680491 PMCID: PMC10482382 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and adapt to curvy topographical features has been implicated in organ morphogenesis, tissue repair, and tumor metastasis. However, how individual cells or multicellular assemblies sense and differentiate curvatures remains elusive. Here, we reveal a curvature sensing mechanism in which surface tension can selectively activate either actin or integrin flows, leading to bifurcating cell migration modes: focal adhesion formation that enables cell crawling at convex front edges and actin cable assembly that pulls cells forward at concave front edges. The molecular flows and curved front morphogenesis are sustained by coordinated cellular tension generation and transmission. We track the molecular flows and mechanical force transduction pathways by a phase-field model, which predicts that multicellular curvature sensing is more efficient than individual cells, suggesting collective intelligence of cells. The unique ability of cells in curvature sensing and migration mode bifurcating may offer insights into emergent collective patterns and functions of living active systems at different length scales.
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Incidence and characteristics of aspiration pneumonia in adults in Beijing, China, 2011-2017. Public Health 2023; 220:65-71. [PMID: 37270854 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate aspiration pneumonia (AP) incidence and describe comorbid characteristics and mortality in Beijing, China. STUDY DESIGN A historical cohort study was conducted based on medical claim records. METHODS Patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of AP were identified from approximately 12 million adults who enrolled in the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance program in Beijing, China, from January 2011 to December 2017. The incidences of AP and pneumonia with risk factors for aspiration (PRFA) were estimated by a Poisson distribution. The estimated annual percentage change was reported to represent the average percentage change in incidence per year. Characteristics and 6-month and 1-year all-cause mortality rates for AP and suspected AP patients were described and compared with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). RESULTS The incidence rates of hospitalized AP and PRFA were 9.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.6, 11.3) and 102.9 (95% CI: 95.8, 110.3) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The incidences increased rapidly with age and were stable across the observed years. Patients with AP and PRFA possessed a greater burden of comorbidities than CAP (mean age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity indices for AP: 7.72, PRFA: 7.83, and CAP: 2.84). The 6-month and 1-year all-cause mortality rates for those with AP and PRFA were higher than those for patients with CAP (6-month mortality, AP: 35.2%, PRFA: 21.8%, CAP: 11.1%; 1-year mortality, AP: 42.7%, PRFA: 26.6%, CAP: 13.2%). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of AP and PRFA in Beijing was reported, presenting a full picture of the disease burden. The results provide baseline information for AP prevention.
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The analytical solution to the migration of an epithelial monolayer with a circular spreading front and its implications in the gap closure process. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023:10.1007/s10237-023-01723-4. [PMID: 37149822 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated behaviors of epithelial cells are widely observed in tissue development, such as re-epithelialization, tumor growth, and morphogenesis. In these processes, cells either migrate collectively or organize themselves into specific structures to serve certain purposes. In this work, we study a spreading epithelial monolayer whose migrating front encloses a circular gap in the monolayer center. Such tissue is usually used to mimic the wound healing process in vitro. We model the epithelial sheet as a layer of active viscous polar fluid. With an axisymmetric assumption, the model can be analytically solved under two special conditions, suggesting two possible spreading modes for the epithelial monolayer. Based on these two sets of analytical solutions, we assess the velocity of the spreading front affected by the gap size, the active intercellular contractility, and the purse-string contraction acting on the spreading edge. Several critical values exist in the model parameters for the initiation of the gap closure process, and the purse-string contraction plays a vital role in governing the gap closure kinetics. Finally, the instability of the morphology of the spreading front was studied. Numerical calculations show how the perturbated velocities and the growth rates vary with respect to different model parameters.
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[Diosmetin regulates intestinal immune balance by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling to relieve 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced Crohn's disease-like colitis in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:474-482. [PMID: 37087594 PMCID: PMC10122747 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.03.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of diosmetin on 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced Crohn's disease (CD)-like colitis in mice. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomized into control group, TNBS-induced CD-like colitis group (TNBS group) and 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 diosmetin-treated group (n=8). Disease activity (DAI) scores, body weight changes, histological scores, colon lengths and colon mucosal levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A were measured to evaluate the severity of colitis. The changes of T lymphocyte subsets (Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg) in the mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the effect of diosmetin on PI3K/AKT pathway. RESULTS Compared with TNBS group, diosmetin treatment significantly lowered DAI scores, histological scores, body weight loss and colon mucosal levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A (P < 0.05) and increased the colon length of the rat models, but these improvements did not reach the control levels (P < 0.05). Diosmetin significantly lowered the percentages of Th1/Th17 cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes in TNBS-treated mice, which remained higher than the control levels (P < 0.05); The percentages of Th2/Treg cells were significantly higher in diosmetin group than in TNBS group (P < 0.05) and the control group (P < 0.05). Network pharmacologic analysis identified 46 intersection targets of diosmetin and CD, and among them AKT1, EGFR, SRC, ESR1, MMP9 and PTGS2 were the top 6 core targets. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was closely related with the therapeutic effect of diosmetin on CD-like colitis. Molecular docking suggested strong binding of diosmetin to the key core targets. Diosmetin significantly reduced the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT in the colon mucosa in TNBS-treated mice (P < 0.05), but their levels remained higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Diosmetin ameliorates TNBS-induced CDPlike colitis in mice possibly by regulating Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance to improve intestinal immune disorder through inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling.
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[Endovascular therapy accompanied by spontaneous portosystemic shunts for overt hepatic encephalopathy]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2023; 31:181-185. [PMID: 37137834 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20210705-00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To preliminarily evaluate the safety and efficacy of shunt-related interventional therapy accompanied with spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Methods: Case data on six patients who underwent interventional therapy accompanied by SPSS for HE from January 2017 to March 2021 were collected to evaluate the efficacy and postoperative complications. Results: All six patients underwent SPSS. Four patients had hepatitis B cirrhosis; one had alcoholic cirrhosis; and one had hepatic arterioportal fistula-induced portal hypertension. Child-Pugh liver function scores were C and B in three and three cases, respectively. The SPSS type was gastrorenal shunt in two cases; portal-thoracic-azygos venous in two cases; portal-umbilical-iliac venous in one case; and portal-splenic venous - inferior vena cava in one case. Two of them had previously had a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and there were SPSS prior to TIPS. Five cases (5/6) successfully underwent shunt embolization, and one case (1/6) underwent stent implantation for flow restriction (portal-umbilical-iliac vein). The technical success rate was 100%. HE did not recur during hospitalization or the three-month follow-up period. However, one case had a recurrence of HE within a year after surgery and was treated symptomatically, while another experienced gastrointestinal bleeding a year after surgery.. Conclusion: SPSS embolization or flow restriction is effective and safe for improving HE patients' symptoms.
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[Treatment responses, outcomes, and prognostic factors associated with them in patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2023; 44:124-131. [PMID: 36948866 PMCID: PMC10033265 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate treatment responses, outcomes, and prognostic factors in adults with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) . Methods: Between January 2008 and February 2021, date of consecutive cases of younger than 65 years of adults with sAML were assessed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics at diagnosis, treatment responses, recurrence, and survival were evaluated. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model were employed to determine significant prognostic indicators for treatment response and survival. Results: 155 patients were recruited, including 38, 46, 57, 14 patients belonging to t-AML, and AML with unexplained cytopenia, post-MDS-AML, and post-MPN-AML, respectively. In the 152 evaluable patients, the rate of MLFS after the initial induction regimen was 47.4%, 57.9%, 54.3%, 40.0%, and 23.1% in the four groups (P=0.076) . The total rate of MLFS after the induction regimen was 63.8%, 73.3%, 69.6%, 58.2%, and 38.5% (P=0.084) , respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that male gender (OR=0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, P=0.038 and OR=0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.8, P=0.015) , SWOG cytogenetic classification into unfavorable or intermediate (OR=0.1, 95% CI 0.1-0.6, P=0.014 and OR=0.1, 95% CI 0.1-0.3, P=0.004) and receiving low-intensity regimen as induction regimen (OR=0.1, 95% CI 0.1-0.3, P=0.003 and OR=0.1, 95%CI 0.1-0.2, P=0.001) were typical adverse factors impacting the first CR and the final CR; PLT<45 × 10(9)/L (OR=0.4, 95%CI 0.2-0.9, P=0.038) and LDH ≥258 U/L (OR=0.3, 95%CI 0.1-0.7, P=0.005) were independent factors for CR. Among the 94 patients with achieving MLFS, 46 cases had allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With a median follow-up period of 18.6 months, the probabilities of relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) at 3 years were 25.4% and 37.3% in patients with transplantation, and in patients with chemotherapy, the probabilities of RFS and OS at 3-year were 58.2% and 64.3%, respectively. At the time of achieving MLFS, multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥46 years (HR=3.4, 95%CI 1.6-7.2, P=0.002 and HR=2.5, 95%CI 1.1-6.0, P=0.037) , peripheral blasts ≥17.5% at diagnosis (HR=2.5, 95%CI 1.2-4.9, P=0.010 and HR=4.1, 95%CI 1.7-9.7, P=0.002) , monosomal karyotypes (HR=4.9, 95%CI 1.2-19.9, P=0.027 and HR=28.3, 95%CI 4.2-189.5, P=0.001) were typical adverse factors influencing RFS and OS. Furthermore, CR after induction chemotherapy (HR=0.4, 95%CI 0.2-0.8, P=0.015) and transplantation (HR=0.4, 95%CI 0.2-0.9, P=0.028) were substantially linked to longer RFS. Conclusion: Post-MDS-AML and post-MPN-AML had lower response rates and poorer prognoses than t-AML and AML with unexplained cytopenia. In adults with male gender, low platelet count, high LDH, and SWOG cytogenetic classification into unfavorable or intermediate at diagnosis, and receiving low-intensity regimen as the induction regimen predicted a low response rate. Age ≥46 years, a higher proportion of peripheral blasts and monosomal karyotype had a negative effect on the overall outcome. Transplantation and CR after induction chemotherapy were greatly linked to longer RFS.
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The Dead-Reckoning Navigation Guidance Law Based on Neural Network Collaborative Forecasting. INT J ARTIF INTELL T 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s021821302350015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Lemborexant in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lessons Learned from Remote Global Radiation Oncology Education and Training on IMRT for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Preliminary interim data of elzovantinib (TPX-0022), a novel inhibitor of MET/SRC/CSF1R, in patients with advanced solid tumors harboring genetic alterations in MET: Update from the Phase 1 SHIELD-1 trial. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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[Variables associated with hematological remission and survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia after induction failure and relapse]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:644-650. [PMID: 36709148 PMCID: PMC9593012 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore variables associated with remission rate and survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after induction failure and relapse. Methods: Data of 373 consecutive patients with AML were analyzed after induction failure and relapse. Binary logistics and the Cox model regression were used to identify variables associated with remission rate and outcomes. Results: In patients with AML after induction failure and relapse, the total CR+CRi rates were 50.6% and 40.3%, respectively; among those who achieved CR/CRi, the 3-year RFS rates were 34.4% and 30.4%, respectively, and the 3-year overall survival rates were 40.1% and 31.6%, respectively. In the multivariate analyses, using CLAG or FLAG regimen as a re-induction chemotherapy regimen, age <39 years and SWOG low-risk were significantly associated with higher remission rates in patients with induction failure. Male, secondary AML, SWOG high-risk, the interval from the first remission to relapse within 12 months, and bone marrow blasts ≥20% at the time of relapse were significantly associated with lower remission rates in relapsed patients. Transplantation was significantly associated with prolonged relapse-free survival and overall survival in patients achieving hematologic remission; the SWOG low-risk group was significantly associated with longer overall survival in those with induction failure; and achieving CR (not CRi) or having female gender was associated with longer RFS or overall survival in relapsed patients. Conclusion: Reinduction chemotherapy regimen, age, gender, SWOG risk, secondary AML, the interval from the first remission to relapse, and bone marrow blast percentage at the time of relapse were significantly associated with remission rates in the patients with AML after induction failure and relapse. Transplantation, SWOG low-risk, achieving CR, or female gender were associated with longer survivals in those achieving remission.
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Observation of WWW Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:061803. [PMID: 36018638 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports the observation of WWW production and a measurement of its cross section using 139 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at least two jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. Events from WWW production are observed with a significance of 8.0 standard deviations, where the expectation is 5.4 standard deviations. The inclusive WWW production cross section is measured to be 820±100 (stat)±80 (syst) fb, approximately 2.6 standard deviations from the predicted cross section of 511±18 fb calculated at next-to-leading-order QCD and leading-order electroweak accuracy.
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A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery. Nature 2022; 607:52-59. [PMID: 35788192 PMCID: PMC9259483 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The standard model of particle physics1-4 describes the known fundamental particles and forces that make up our Universe, with the exception of gravity. One of the central features of the standard model is a field that permeates all of space and interacts with fundamental particles5-9. The quantum excitation of this field, known as the Higgs field, manifests itself as the Higgs boson, the only fundamental particle with no spin. In 2012, a particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson of the standard model was observed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN10,11. Since then, more than 30 times as many Higgs bosons have been recorded by the ATLAS experiment, enabling much more precise measurements and new tests of the theory. Here, on the basis of this larger dataset, we combine an unprecedented number of production and decay processes of the Higgs boson to scrutinize its interactions with elementary particles. Interactions with gluons, photons, and W and Z bosons-the carriers of the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces-are studied in detail. Interactions with three third-generation matter particles (bottom (b) and top (t) quarks, and tau leptons (τ)) are well measured and indications of interactions with a second-generation particle (muons, μ) are emerging. These tests reveal that the Higgs boson discovered ten years ago is remarkably consistent with the predictions of the theory and provide stringent constraints on many models of new phenomena beyond the standard model.
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[Status of HVPG clinical application in China in 2021]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2022; 30:637-643. [PMID: 36038326 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220302-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The investigation and research on the application status of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG) is very important to understand the real situation and future development of this technology in China. Methods: This study comprehensively investigated the basic situation of HVPG technology in China, including hospital distribution, hospital level, annual number of cases, catheters used, average cost, indications and existing problems. Results: According to the survey, there were 70 hospitals in China carrying out HVPG technology in 2021, distributed in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central Government). A total of 4 398 cases of HVPG were performed in all the surveyed hospitals in 2021, of which 2 291 cases (52.1%) were tested by HVPG alone. The average cost of HVPG detection was (5 617.2±2 079.4) yuan. 96.3% of the teams completed HVPG detection with balloon method, and most of the teams used thrombectomy balloon catheter (80.3%). Conclusion: Through this investigation, the status of domestic clinical application of HVPG has been clarified, and it has been confirmed that many domestic medical institutions have mastered this technology, but it still needs to continue to promote and popularize HVPG technology in the future.
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POS0136 COMPLEMENT C1q PROMOTES MITOCHONDRIA RESPIRATION AND SECRETION OF IL-6 and IL-1β BUT NOT TNF-α BY SYNOVIAL MACROPHAGE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundComplement C1q (C1q), predominantly synthesized by myeloid cells such as macrophages, has elusive functions in the pathogenesis of rheumatic arthritis (RA). Binding to its receptor gC1qR, C1q can activate mitochondria, the dysfunction of which may result in tissue inflammatory disease [1]. Bone marrow derived macrophages in RA patients have elevated OXPHOS activity [2], while the reason remains to be discovered.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to explore the expression of C1q and its receptor gC1qR in synovial macrophages in RA and whether C1q contributes to tissue inflammation via affecting pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and mitochondria respiration in synovial macrophages.MethodsTissue transcriptome analysis for C1q(C1qA, C1qB and C1qC), C1q receptors (including gC1qR) in rheumatoid synovium and and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) in rheumatoid synovium and synovium macrophages were quantified by RT-PCR. Concentrations of C1q in the plasma of RA and healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by ELISA and the correlation between plasma C1q and disease activty measured by DAS28 were calculated. gC1qR protein expression was detected by flow cytometric analysis and immunoblotting. Synovial macrophages were isolated and stimulated with or without C1q for 24 h. Function of gC1qR was analysed by knockdown experiment using siRNA. Transcripts for inflammatory cytokines were quantified by RT-PCR. Mitochondrial respirometer was evaluated with Seahorse Bioscience XF96 analyzer after C1q treatment or gC1qR knockdown.ResultsC1qA, C1qB,C1qC and gC1qR were all upregulated in both rheumatoid synovium and synovial macrophages compared to healthy controls. Meanwhile, RA patients had a higher level of C1q concentration in plasma, which positively correlated with DAS28. Moreover, an increased expression of gC1qR protein was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis and immunoblotting. Besides, C1q could increase the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β but not TNF-α in synovial macrophages. We also found that C1q could increase basal OCR, ATP-coupled OCR, max respiration and reserve capacity of healthy macrophages. Comparatively, gC1qR knockout could down-regulate mitochondria respiration of RA macrophages.ConclusionSynovial macrophages in RA patients have significantly elevated expression of C1q and its receptor gC1qR. C1q could promote mitochondria respiration through gC1qR, thus leading to hyper-metabolism in macrophages from RA patients. C1q could promote synovitis through enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β but not TNF-α secreted by synovial macrophages, which represents a novel therapeutic target in RA.References[1]Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. A Mitochondrial Checkpoint in Autoimmune Disease. Cell Metab 2018; 28: 185-186.[2]M. Zeisbrich, R.E. Yanes, H. Zhang, R. Watanabe, Y. Li, L. Brosig, et al., Hypermetabolic macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis and coronary artery disease due to glycogen synthase kinase 3b inactivation. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77: 1053-1062.Figure 1.The expression and function of C1q in RA macrophage. A.Transcripts for gC1qR, C1qA, C1qB and C1qC and pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified by RT-PCR in synovial macrophage of RA and healthy control (HC), n=6; B. Concentrations of C1q in the plasma of RA and HC were measured by ELISA, n=8; C-D. Transcripts for pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified by RT-PCR after C1q treatment, n=9; E-I. Mitochondrial respirometer was evaluated with Seahorse Bioscience XF96 analyzer by adding test agents in order of 1, oligomycin; 2, FCCP; 3, anti-mycin A/rotenone. Total trend and each segmentation of oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were shown after treated with C1q, n=6. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.Disclosure of InterestsYutong Jiang Grant/research support from: Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project of Guandong Province [2021A1515111172]., Bowen Wu: None declared, Tao Huang: None declared, Yan Liu: None declared, Zhaolan Hu: None declared, Tuantuan Zhao: None declared, Yunfeng Pan: None declared, Weyand Cornelia: None declared
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Identification of Malus halliana R2R3-MYB gene family under iron deficiency stress and functional characteristics of MhR2R3-MYB4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:344-355. [PMID: 34921493 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plant growth and development. Fe deficiency can trigger leaf chlorosis and reduce fruit yield. Therefore, it is necessary to explore transcription factors in response to Fe deficiency stress. A total of 29 MhR2R3-MYB transcription factors were identified based on the transcriptome of Malus halliana under Fe deficiency stress. A comprehensive analysis of physical and chemical properties, gene structures, conserved motif composition, evolutionary relationship and chromosome distribution was performed. Subsequently, based on the transcriptome, 14 genes with the most significant expression under Fe deficiency stress were screened for qRT-PCR verification. Among them,the functional characteristics of MhR2R3-MYB4 (MD05G1089600) were further studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of 13 out of these 14 genes was upregulated, only one was downregulated. Maximum upregulation of MhR2R3-MYB4 under Fe deficiency was 36.39-fold and 58.21-fold compared with day 0 in leaves and roots, respectively. Overexpression of MhR2R3-MYB4 enhanced tolerance to Fe deficiency in A. thaliana and led to multiple biochemical changes: transgenic lines have higher chl a, chl b and Fe2+ content, higher enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT and FCR) and lower chlorosis than the wild type in Fe deficiency conditions. We suggest that MhR2R3-MYB4 plays an important part in Fe deficiency stress, which may contribute to improve Fe deficiency tolerance of apple in future.
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A DESIGN OF A RAPID CYCLING MEDICAL SYNCHROTRON FOR FLASH PROTON THERAPY. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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THERMOACOUSTIC MONITORING DURING HIGH DOSE RATE RADIOTHERAPY. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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The influence of CYP2R1 polymorphisms and gene-obesity interaction with hypertension risk in a Chinese rural population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:241-248. [PMID: 34906413 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have reported that variants in CYP2R1 have been linked with an increased risk of hypertension. However, the interaction between CYP2R1 variants and environmental factors on the susceptibility of hypertension remained unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of CYP2R1 polymorphisms on hypertension susceptibility, and explored the interaction effect of CYP2R1 variations and obesity on the disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 766 incident hypertension cases matched with non-hypertension controls in a 1:1 ratio by sex, age (within 3 years). Two loci in CYP2R1 gene (rs10766197 and rs12794714) were genotyped by TaqMan probe assays. The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D was determined by human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The associations of CYP2R1 polymorphisms and risks of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) were analyzed by logistic regression. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the gene-environment interaction. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the effect of CYP2R1 gene variations, and the interaction between CYP2R1 variation and obesity on hypertension susceptibility. The results showed that rs10766197 (GG vs. AA) and rs12794714 (GG vs. AA) polymorphisms were both associated with an increased risk of VDD (OR = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-2.05 and OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.19-2.25, respectively), after adjustment for potential risk factors. We also found that rs12794714 polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated risk of hypertension under the dominant model (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.01-1.56). In addition, the interactions between rs12794714 with both general obesity (OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 2.72-5.68) and central obesity (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.29-4.52) have significant effects on hypertension susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS The study provided further evidence that CYP2R1 variation was associated with a higher risk of hypertension in Chinese rural population. The interaction between CYP2R1 rs12794714 and obesity may increase the risk of hypertension.
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Molecular cloning and yeast two-hybrid provide new evidence for unique sporophytic self-incompatibility system of Corylus. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:104-116. [PMID: 34724309 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Corylus genus contains several important nut producing species and exhibits sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of SSI in Corylus remain largely unknown. To clarify whether Corylus and Brassica share the same SSI molecular mechanism. We cloned ChaTHL1/2, ChaMLPK, ChaARC1, ChaEX70A1 genes from Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut using RACE techniques and tested the interaction between the ChaARC1 and ChaSRK1/2. We also examined the pistil-pollen interactions using scanning electron microscopy. We found no differences in the stigma surface within 1 h after compatible or incompatible pollination. Compatible pollen tubes penetrated the stigma surface, while incompatible pollen did not penetrate the stigma 4 h after pollination. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ChaTHL1/2, ChaMLPK, ChaARC1 and ChaEX70A1 have corresponding functional domains. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that ChaTHL1/2, ChaMLPK, ChaARC1 and ChaEX70A1 were not regularly expressed in compatible or incompatible pollination. Furthermore, the expression patterns of ARC1, THL1/2, MLPK and Exo70A1 were quite distinct between Corylus and Brassica. According to yeast two-hybrid assays, ChaSRK1/2 did not interact with ChaARC1, confirming that the SRK-ARC1 signalling pathway implicated in the SSI response of Brassica was not conserved in Corylus. These results further reinforce the conclusion that, notwithstanding the similarity of the genetic basis, the SSI mechanism of Corylus does not conform in many respects with that of Brassica. Our findings could be helpful to better explore the potential mechanism of SSI system in Corylus.
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A Simulation of Ion-Acoustic Signals After Proton FLASH Radiation From a Synchrocyclotron. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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