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Kinyamu HK, Bennett BD, Ward JM, Archer T. Proteasome inhibition reprograms chromatin landscape in breast cancer. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.13.562284. [PMID: 37904968 PMCID: PMC10614768 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the major protein degradation machinery in cells. Cancer cells use the proteasome to modulate gene expression networks that promote tumor growth. Proteasome inhibitors have emerged as effective cancer therapeutics, but how they work mechanistically remains unclear. Here, using integrative genomic analysis, we discovered unexpected reprogramming of the chromatin landscape and RNAPII transcription initiation in breast cancer cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. The cells acquired dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility at specific genomic loci termed Differentially Open Chromatin Regions (DOCRs). DOCRs with decreased accessibility were promoter proximal and exhibited unique chromatin architecture associated with divergent RNAPII transcription. Conversely, DOCRs with increased accessibility were primarily distal to transcription start sites and enriched in oncogenic super enhancers predominantly accessible in non-basal breast tumor subtypes. These findings describe the mechanisms by which the proteasome modulates the expression of gene networks intrinsic to breast cancer biology. Highlights Proteasome inhibition uncovers de novo Differential Open Chromatin Regions (DOCRs) in breast cancer cells. Proteasome inhibitor sensitive promoters exhibit a distinctive chromatin architecture with discrete transcription initiation patterns.Proteasome inhibition reprograms accessibility of super enhancers.Proteasome inhibitor sensitive super enhancers distinguish basal from non-basal breast cancer subtypes.
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Armeli F, Mengoni B, Maggi E, Mazzoni C, Preziosi A, Mancini P, Businaro R, Lenz T, Archer T. Milmed Yeast Alters the LPS-Induced M1 Microglia Cells to Form M2 Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123116. [PMID: 36551872 PMCID: PMC9776009 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells polarized towards a proinflammatory phenotype are considered the main cellular players of neuroinflammation, underlying several neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies have suggested that imbalance of the gut microbial composition is associated with an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress that underlie chronic neuroinflammatory diseases, and perturbations to the gut microbiota were detected in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The importance of gut-brain axis has been uncovered and the relevance of an appropriate microbiota balance has been highlighted. Probiotic treatment, rebalancing the gut microbioma, may reduce inflammation. We show that Milmed yeast, obtained from S. cerevisiae after exposure to electromagnetic millimeter wavelengths, induces a reversal of LPS-M1 polarized microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, as demonstrated morphologically by the recovery of resting phenotype by microglia, by the decrease in the mRNAs of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and in the expression of iNOS. Moreover, Milmed stimulated the secretion of IL-10 and the expression of Arginase-1, cell markers of M2 anti-inflammatory polarized cells. The present findings data suggest that Milmed may be considered to be a probiotic with diversified anti-inflammatory activity, capable of directing the polarization of microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Armeli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Beatrice Mengoni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Elisa Maggi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Adele Preziosi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Garcia D, Granjard A, Lundblad S, Archer T. A dark past, a restrained present, and an apocalyptic future: time perspective, personality, and life satisfaction among anorexia nervosa patients. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3801. [PMID: 28929023 PMCID: PMC5600947 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reporting low levels of well-being, anorexia nervosa patients express temperament traits (e.g., extraversion and persistence) necessary for high levels of life satisfaction. Nevertheless, among individuals without eating disorders, a balanced organization of the flow of time, influences life satisfaction beyond temperamental dispositions. A balanced time perspective is defined as: high past positive, low past negative, high present hedonistic, low present fatalistic, and high future. We investigated differences in time perspective dimensions, personality traits, and life satisfaction between anorexia nervosa patients and matched controls. We also investigated if the personality traits and the outlook on time associated to positive levels of life satisfaction among controls also predicted anorexia patients' life satisfaction. Additionally, we investigated if time perspective dimensions predicted life satisfaction beyond personality traits among both patients and controls. METHOD A total of 88 anorexia nervosa patients from a clinic in the West of Sweden and 111 gender-age matched controls from a university in the West of Sweden participated in the Study. All participants responded to the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Ten Item Personality Inventory, and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS A t-test showed that patients scored higher in the past negative, the present fatalistic, and the future dimensions, lower in the past positive and the present hedonistic dimensions, higher in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, and lower in life satisfaction. Regression analyses showed that life satisfaction was predicted by openness to experience and emotional stability for controls and by emotional stability among patients. When time dimensions were entered in the regression, emotional stability and the past negative and past positive time dimensions predicted life satisfaction among controls, but only the past positive and present hedonistic time dimensions predicted life satisfaction among patients. CONCLUSION Anorexia patients were less satisfied with life despite being more conscientious, social, and agreeable than controls. Moreover, compared to controls, patients had an unbalanced time perspective: a dark view of the past (i.e., high past negative), a restrained present (i.e., low present hedonistic) and an apocalyptic view of the future (i.e., high present fatalistic). It is plausible to suggest that, therapeutic interventions should focus on empowering patients to cultivate a sentimental and positive view of the past (i.e., high past positive) and the desire to experience pleasure without concern for future consequences (i.e., high present hedonistic) so that they can make self-directed and flexible choices for their own well-being. Such interventions might have effects on life satisfaction beyond the patients' temperamental disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Blekinge Centre of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Granjard
- Blekinge Centre of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Suzanna Lundblad
- Psychiatry Affective, Anorexia & Bulimia Clinic for Adults, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
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McLewee N, Archer T, Wills R, Mackin A, Thomason J. Effects of aspirin dose escalation on platelet function and urinary thromboxane and prostacyclin levels in normal dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:60-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. McLewee
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi MS USA
| | - T. Archer
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi MS USA
| | - R. Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi MS USA
| | - A. Mackin
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi MS USA
| | - J. Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi MS USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Different forms of conscious and planned physical exercise and activity that individuals perform improve not only physical but also psychological health, well-being, and both physical and intellectual performance. Here we put forward and test the predictive validity of the Archer-Garcia Ratio, a brief measure for exercise frequency computed using participants' responses to two questions. METHOD The participants (N = 158) were recruited from a training facility in the south of Sweden. The Archer-Garcia Ratio was constructed by standardizing (i.e., z-scores) and then summarizing individuals' responses to two questions: "How often do you exercise?" (1 = never, 5 = 5 times/week or more) and "Estimate the level of effort when you exercise" (1 = none or very low, 10 = very high). Participants responded also to the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire and allowed the collection of electronic data to track the number of times they had trained six months before and both six and twelve months after the survey. RESULTS The Archer-Garcia Ratio predicted, moderately, how often individuals had trained during the six months before and both six months and twelve months after the survey. CONCLUSION The Archer-Garcia Ratio is a brief and valid self-report measure that can be used to predict actual retrospective and prospective exercise behavior. It offers a simple and straightforward form to estimate adherence, compliance and propensities of peoples' exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Blekinge Centre of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thiago Medeiros da Costa Daniele
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Laboratório do sono e ritmos biológicos, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
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Blum K, Gold M, Demetrovics Z, Archer T, Thanos PK, Baron D, Badgaiyan RD. Substance use disorder a bio-directional subset of reward deficiency syndrome. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:1534-1548. [PMID: 28410131 DOI: 10.2741/4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This commentary is to inform clinicians challenged with an increase in people seeking treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), that the ninety percent revolving door, is, in part, due to post-withdrawal, untreated neurotoxicity. This impairment attenuates neurotransmitter signaling and compromises resting state functional connectivity, leading to unwanted sequelae including depression, sleep disturbances, sensation seeking, lack of satisfaction and impulsivity. Neuroimaging studies indicate that neurobiological recovery can take years. Like a "double edge sword" SUD has a biological bi -directional (bio-directional) effect on the brain reward circuitry. The acute intake of psychoactive drugs results in heightened dopaminergic activity, while, the opposite, hypodopaminergia occurs following chronic abuse. Individuals with SUD can have a genetic predisposition, compounded by stress and neurotoxically induced, epigenetic insults that impact recovery from protracted abstinence. Follow-up post -short-term recovery usually includes supportive therapies and programs like 12 -steps and other fellowships. However, relapse will usually occur if post -short-term recovery hypodopaminergia is not treated with attempts at epigenetic manipulation of compromised brain neurochemistry using some manner of pro-dopamine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,and Division of Nutrigenomics, LaVita RDS, Draper, UT, USA,
| | - Mark Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Eotvos Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David Baron
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ippoliti F, Corbosiero P, Canitano N, Massoni F, Ricciardi MR, Ricci L, Archer T, Ricci S. Work- related Stress, over-nutrition and cognitive disability. Clin Ter 2017; 168:e42-e47. [PMID: 28240762 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2017.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Work-related stress may exert a negative impact on a variety of physical and psychological attributes relating to the health of employees and work organizations. Several studies conducted in Italy have shown that workers and employees who express less satisfaction show increased symptoms of obesity and cognitive disability. The latest evidence underlines the pathogenic relationship between stress and neurological disease through inflammatory neuro- immune activation. The aim of this review was to describe the relationship between workplace stress and adverse changes in lifestyle that develop into obesity, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms involved and guidelines for the prevention of these trends are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ippoliti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - P Corbosiero
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - N Canitano
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F Massoni
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - M R Ricciardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Ricci
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - T Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Ricci
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Corsi M, Di Raimo T, Di Lorenzo C, Rapp-Ricciardi M, Archer T, Ricci S, Businaro R. Cognitive disability in alzheimer's disease and its management. Clin Ter 2017; 167:e123-e126. [PMID: 27845490 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2016.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive disability linked to neurodegenerative diseases and in particular to Alzheimer's disease, remains an increasing cause for concern through a dramatic prevalence increment and associated socio-economic burdens. Initially Alzheimer's disease develops asymptomatically with primary clinical signs, such as memory impairment, decline of spatial and perceptual abilities, occurring at a later stage. This delay implies the possibility of promoting early interventions during the pre-symptomatic stage of the disease. Different strategies have been applied in order to prevent/delay onset of Alzheimer's disease or at least to improve quality of life and health conditions of Alzheimer's disease patients and their caregivers, especially in the absence of current viable therapies. Multidomain interventions, aimed at affecting several risk factors simultaneously, offer a versatility that may attain improved outcomes in comparison with single-domain prevention trials. These multidomain interventions involve diet, physical exercise, cognitive training and social activities, while music therapy, improving self-consciousness and reducing neurofibrils, may contribute to deceleration/delay onset of Alzheimer's disease progression. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provides broad applications to improve quality of life and well-being of Alzheimer's disease patients and caregivers, suffering from psychological distress, as well as reducing additional public health costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corsi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
| | - T Di Raimo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
| | - C Di Lorenzo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
| | - M Rapp-Ricciardi
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Psychology, Box 500, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; 4Network for Empowerment and Well Being, Sweden
| | - T Archer
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Psychology, Box 500, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; 4Network for Empowerment and Well Being, Sweden
| | - S Ricci
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Legal Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - R Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
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Archer T, Ricci S, Massoni F, Ricci L, Rapp-Ricciardi M. Cognitive Benefits of Exercise Intervention. Clin Ter 2017; 167:e180-e185. [PMID: 28051833 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2016.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise, as a potent epigenetic regulator, implies the potential to counteract pathophysiological processes and alterations in most cardiovascular/respiratory cells and tissues not withstanding a paucity of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and doseresponse relationships. In the present account, the assets accruing from physical exercise and its influence upon executive functioning are examined. Under conditions of neuropsychiatric and neurologic ill-health, age-related deterioration of functional and biomarker indicators during healthy and disordered trajectories, neuroimmune and affective unbalance, and epigenetic pressures, exercise offers a large harvest of augmentations in health and well-being. Both animal models and human studies support the premise of manifest gains from regular exercise within several domains, besides cognitive function and mood, notably as the agency of a noninvasive, readily available therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Archer
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Psychology, Box 500, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden - Network for Empowerment and Well Being, Sweden
| | - S Ricci
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Medical Legal and Locomotive System Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F Massoni
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Medical Legal and Locomotive System Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - L Ricci
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Medical Legal and Locomotive System Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - M Rapp-Ricciardi
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Psychology, Box 500, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden - Network for Empowerment and Well Being, Sweden
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Archer T, Badgaiyan RD, Blum K. Physical Exercise Interventions for Drug Addictive Disorders. J Reward Defic Syndr Addict Sci 2017; 3:17-20. [PMID: 29034367 PMCID: PMC5640325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Correspondence to: Trevor Archer, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Tel: +46 31 7864694, 0704-668623,
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Massoni F, Ricci P, Crusco M, Onofri E, Petrone L, Sacco C, Ricci L, Ricciardi M, Archer T, Ricci S. Psychopathology and neoplastic disease: medico-social and medico-legal considerations. Clin Ter 2017; 168:e48-e53. [PMID: 28240763 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2017.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive disability associated with stress in patients presenting cancer disease may exert a significant impact on the psychological health of the individual and even deteriorate the clinical diagnosis. The present study consists of a review of the available literature and an analysis of the association between psychopathologic disease and cancer by selecting useful contributions to the medicosocial discussion of the topic. Interesting considerations have emerged on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the association between psychopathology and cancer that initiated possibilities towards a greater accuracy in the assessment of the patient that is not only limited to oncologic problems and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Massoni
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, legal medicine and locomotor apparatus. University "Sapienza" of Rome, Italy
| | - P Ricci
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, legal medicine and locomotor apparatus. University "Sapienza" of Rome, Italy
| | - M Crusco
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, legal medicine and locomotor apparatus. University "Sapienza" of Rome, Italy
| | - E Onofri
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, legal medicine and locomotor apparatus. University "Sapienza" of Rome, Italy
| | - L Petrone
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, legal medicine and locomotor apparatus. University "Sapienza" of Rome, Italy
| | - C Sacco
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, legal medicine and locomotor apparatus. University "Sapienza" of Rome, Italy
| | - L Ricci
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, legal medicine and locomotor apparatus. University "Sapienza" of Rome, Italy
| | - M Ricciardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Ricci
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, legal medicine and locomotor apparatus. University "Sapienza" of Rome, Italy
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Fizzano K, Claude A, Archer T, Kuo L, Hinz S, Thames B, Eells J, Ross M. Evaluation of a modified palatine nerve block in canine rhinoscopy with biopsy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ferrara R, Ansermet F, Massoni F, Petrone L, Onofri E, Ricci P, Archer T, Ricci S. Autism Spectrum Disorder and intact executive functioning. Clin Ter 2016; 167:e96-e101. [PMID: 27845486 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2016.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Earliest notions concerning autism (Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD) describe the disturbance in executive functioning. Despite altered definition, executive functioning, expressed as higher cognitive skills required complex behaviors linked to the prefrontal cortex, are defective in autism. Specific difficulties in children presenting autism or verbal disabilities at executive functioning levels have been identified. Nevertheless, the developmental deficit of executive functioning in autism is highly diversified with huge individual variation and may even be absent. The aim of the present study to examine the current standing of intact executive functioning intact in ASD. RESULTS Analysis of ASD populations, whether high-functioning, Asperger's or autism Broad Phenotype, studied over a range of executive functions including response inhibition, planning, cognitive flexibility, cognitive inhibition, and alerting networks indicates an absence of damage/impairment compared to the typically-developed normal control subjects. CONCLUSIONS These findings of intact executive functioning in ASD subjects provide a strong foundation on which to construct applications for growth environments and the rehabilitation of autistic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferrara
- Student, doctoral school of the Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Unil ( University of Lausanne)
| | - F Ansermet
- Francoise Ansermet, Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva. Chef of service, Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva & Department of psychiatry, University of Geneva
| | - F Massoni
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, Legal Medicine and Locomotor apparatus. University Sapienza of Rome
| | - L Petrone
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, Legal Medicine and Locomotor apparatus. University Sapienza of Rome
| | - E Onofri
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, Legal Medicine and Locomotor apparatus. University Sapienza of Rome
| | - P Ricci
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, Legal Medicine and Locomotor apparatus. University Sapienza of Rome
| | - T Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Ricci
- Department of Anatomical sciences, histological, Legal Medicine and Locomotor apparatus. University Sapienza of Rome
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Thames BE, Lovvorn J, Papich MG, Wills R, Archer T, Mackin A, Thomason J. The effects of clopidogrel and omeprazole on platelet function in normal dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:130-139. [PMID: 27452307 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Omeprazole is used concurrently with clopidogrel to reduce gastrointestinal adverse effects. In humans, the concurrent use of these two drugs can reduce the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel. Our objective was to determine the effects of omeprazole and clopidogrel on platelet function in healthy dogs. A crossover study utilized turbidimetric aggregometry (ADP and collagen) and the PFA-100® with the collagen/ADP cartridge to evaluate platelet function in eight healthy dogs during the administration of clopidogrel (1 mg/kg/24 h p.o.), omeprazole (1 mg/kg/24 h p.o.), and a combination of clopidogrel and omeprazole. Drug metabolite concentrations were also measured. Compared to pretreatment, on Days 3 and 5, with ADP as the agonist, there was a significant decrease in maximum amplitude on aggregometry for both clopidogrel and clopidogrel/omeprazole groups. The following revealed no significant differences between clopidogrel and clopidogrel/omeprazole groups when compared on Days 3 and 5: maximum amplitude on aggregometry with ADP or collagen agonists, and PFA-100® closure times. When compared to the clopidogrel group, clopidogrel metabolite concentrations in the clopidogrel/omeprazole group were significantly higher on Days 3 and 5. The concurrent administration of omeprazole and clopidogrel in healthy dogs was associated with an increase in the plasma concentration of an inactive metabolite of clopidogrel, but does not significantly alter the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Thames
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - J Lovvorn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - M G Papich
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - R Wills
- Departments of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - T Archer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - A Mackin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - J Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Norlander T, Kjellgren A, Archer T. The Experience of Flotation-Rest as a Function of Setting and Previous Experience of Altered State of Consciousness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2190/hcpm-h80r-q60d-v4r0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate if experiences induced by flotation-REST (in flotation-tank) are affected by settings or subjects earlier experiences of altered states of consciousness (ASC). No such significant differences were found. Significant effects owing to flotation-REST were found regarding reduction in experienced pain and enhancement of mood. Flotation-REST was considered a pleasurable technique. Different kinds of visual and acoustic effects, altered time perception, and a sense of weightlessness have been reported. Also, deep transpersonal experiences were quite common, and could be distinguished into three types: experiences of one's own childbirth/delivery; feeling of cosmic unity; and experiences of losing contact with the body or out-of-body experiences. Flotation-REST must be regarded as a consciousness-altering method with promising potential for clinical and therapeutic use.
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Norlander T, Kjellgren A, Archer T. Effects of Flotation-Versus Chamber-Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique (Rest) on Creativity and Realism under Stress and Non-Stress Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2190/0lae-m7wp-r6uq-cr3p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two studies examining different aspects of the Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique (REST) were carried out. In the first study, 38 participants were assigned randomly to either a group that floated on one occasion or a group that was given floating on three occasions. Following this, the subjects performed a test of divergent creativity and a test of logic. In the second study, 32 participants were assigned randomly first to two groups, Flotation-REST or Chamber-REST groups, and then randomly assigned to two more groups, namely to either a Stress-group or to a Non-stress group. The most inportant dependent variables of this second study were derived from essay-writing which was adjudged on the basis of elaboration, liveliness, originality, and realism. The results did not indicate any differences deriving from one or three flotations; both groups performed worse on the test of logic but tended to be better on the test of creativity. Both REST groups were similarly relaxed after treatment although the Flotation-REST group showed altered states of consciousness to a greater degree. The Flotation-REST group showed more originality whereas the Chamber-REST group showed more elaboration and realism. The results are discussed from the standpoint of fluctuations within the primary-secondary process continuum.
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Nordmarker A, Hjärthag F, Perrin-Wallqvist R, Archer T. The roles of gender and personality factors in vandalism and scrawl-graffiti among Swedish adolescents. Psych J 2016; 5:180-90. [PMID: 27257750 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A total of 360 upper secondary school students in Sweden were divided into three grouping variables: gender (male, female), vandalism (involved, not involved), and scrawl-graffiti (involved, not involved). Relevant to the discussion of whether or not scrawl-graffiti may be construed as vandalism or art, the aim of the study was to explore whether or not personality factors known to be linked to vandalism in general (such as impulsivity, affectivity, emotional disability, and optimism) are related also to involvement in scrawl-graffiti, and, furthermore, how the gender factor relates to vandalism and scrawl-graffiti, respectively. The analysis showed that impulsiveness was a significant variable related to vandalism as well as to scrawl-graffiti. Further analysis indicated that vandalism was predicted by non-planning impulsiveness whereas scrawl-graffiti was predicted by motor impulsiveness. Analyses showed also that there were significant gender differences related to both vandalism and scrawl-graffiti, whereby male participants were significantly more involved in vandalism than female participants, while the latter were significantly more involved in scrawl-graffiti than the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anki Nordmarker
- Department of Psychology, University of Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Hjärthag
- Department of Psychology, University of Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden
| | | | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Empowerment, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Thomason J, Archer T, Wills R, Press S, Mackin A. The Effects of Cyclosporine and Aspirin on Platelet Function in Normal Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1022-30. [PMID: 27156005 PMCID: PMC5084737 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclosporine increases thromboxane synthesis in dogs, potentially increasing the thrombogenic properties of platelets. Hypothesis/Objectives Our hypothesis was that the concurrent administration of low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine would inhibit cyclosporine‐associated thromboxane synthesis without altering the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. The objective was to determine the effects of cyclosporine and aspirin on primary hemostasis. Animals Seven healthy dogs. Methods A randomized, crossover study utilized turbidimetric aggregometry and a platelet function analyzer to evaluate platelet function during the administration of low‐dose aspirin (1 mg/kg PO q24h), high‐dose aspirin (10 mg/kg PO q12h), cyclosporine (10 mg/kg PO q12h), and combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine. The urine 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane‐B2 (11‐dTXB2)‐to‐creatinine ratio also was determined. Results On days 3 and 7 of administration, there was no difference in the aggregometry amplitude or the platelet function analyzer closure time between the low‐dose aspirin group and the combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine group. On day 7, there was a significant difference in amplitude and closure time between the cyclosporine group and the combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine group. High‐dose aspirin consistently inhibited platelet function. On both days, there was a significant difference in the urinary 11‐dTXB2‐to‐creatinine ratio between the cyclosporine group and the combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine group. There was no difference in the urinary 11‐dTXB2‐to‐creatinine ratio among the low‐dose aspirin, high‐dose aspirin, and combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Low‐dose aspirin inhibits cyclosporine‐induced thromboxane synthesis, and concurrent use of these medications does not alter the antiplatelet effects of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762-6100
| | - T Archer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762-6100
| | - R Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762-6100
| | - S Press
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762-6100
| | - A Mackin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762-6100
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Garcia D, Sailer U, Nima AA, Archer T. Questions of time and affect: a person's affectivity profile, time perspective, and well-being. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1826. [PMID: 27019786 PMCID: PMC4806673 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. A “balanced” time perspective has been suggested to have a positive influence on well-being: a sentimental and positive view of the past (high Past Positive), a less pessimistic attitude toward the past (low Past Negative), the desire of experiencing pleasure with slight concern for future consequences (high Present Hedonistic), a less fatalistic and hopeless view of the future (low Present Fatalistic), and the ability to find reward in achieving specific long-term goals (high Future). We used the affective profiles model (i.e., combinations of individuals’ experience of high/low positive/negative affectivity) to investigate differences between individuals in time perspective dimensions and to investigate if the influence of time perspective dimensions on well-being was moderated by the individual’s type of profile. Method. Participants (N = 720) answered to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and two measures of well-being: the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being-short version. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was conducted to identify differences in time perspective dimensions and well-being among individuals with distinct affective profiles. Four structural equation models (SEM) were used to investigate which time perspective dimensions predicted well-being for individuals in each profile. Results. Comparisons between individuals at the extreme of the affective profiles model suggested that individuals with a self-fulfilling profile (high positive/low negative affect) were characterized by a “balanced” time perspective and higher well-being compared to individuals with a self-destructive profile (low positive/high negative affect). However, a different pattern emerged when individuals who differed in one affect dimension but matched in the other were compared to each other. For instance, decreases in the past negative time perspective dimension lead to high positive affect when negative affect is high (i.e., self-destructive vs. high affective) but to low negative affect when positive affect was high (i.e., high affective vs. self-fulfilling). The moderation analyses showed, for example, that for individuals with a self-destructive profile, psychological well-being was significantly predicted by the past negative, present fatalistic and future time perspectives. Among individuals with a high affective or a self-fulfilling profile, psychological well-being was significantly predicted by the present fatalistic dimension. Conclusions. The interactions found here go beyond the postulation of a “balanced” time perspective being the only way to promote well-being. Instead, we present a more person-centered approach to achieve higher levels of emotional, cognitive, and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Uta Sailer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Al Nima
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Onofri E, Mercuri M, Archer T, Rapp-Ricciardi M, Ricci S. Legal medical consideration of Alzheimer’s disease patients’ dysgraphia and cognitive dysfunction a 6 month follow up. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:279-84. [PMID: 27022252 PMCID: PMC4788358 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s94750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients to express intentions and desires, and their decision-making capacity. This study examines the findings from a 6-month follow-up of our previous results in which 30 patients participated. Materials and methods The patient’s cognition was examined by conducting the tests of 14 questions and letter-writing ability over a period of 19 days, and it was repeated after 6 months. The difference between these two cognitive measures (PQ1 before–PQ2 before), tested previously and later the writing test, was designated DΔ before. The test was repeated after 6 months, and PQ1 after–PQ2 after was designated DΔ after. Results Several markedly strong relationships between dysgraphia and other measures of cognitive performance in AD patients were observed. The most aged patients (over 86 years), despite less frequency, maintain the cognitive capacity manifested in the graphic expressions. A document, written by an AD patient presents an honest expression of the patient’s intention if that document is legible, clear, and comprehensive. Conclusion The identification of impairment/deficits in writing and cognition during different phases of AD may facilitate the understanding of disease progression and identify the occasions during which the patient may be considered sufficiently lucid to make decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Onofri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Legal Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: Emanuela Onofri, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Legal Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome 00100, Italy, Email
| | - Marco Mercuri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Legal Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Serafino Ricci
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Legal Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Over the past 60 years, a large number of selective neurotoxins were discovered and developed, making it possible to animal-model a broad range of human neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this paper, we highlight those neurotoxins that are most commonly used as neuroteratologic agents, to either produce lifelong destruction of neurons of a particular phenotype, or a group of neurons linked by a specific class of transporter proteins (i.e., dopamine transporter) or body of receptors for a specific neurotransmitter (i.e., NMDA class of glutamate receptors). Actions of a range of neurotoxins are described: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 6-hydroxydopa, DSP-4, MPTP, methamphetamine, IgG-saporin, domoate, NMDA receptor antagonists, and valproate. Their neuroteratologic features are outlined, as well as those of nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and that of stress. The value of each of these neurotoxins in animal modeling of human neurologic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed in terms of the respective value as well as limitations of the derived animal model. Neuroteratologic agents have proven to be of immense importance for understanding how associated neural systems in human neural disorders may be better targeted by new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 430 50, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Richard M Kostrzewa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70577, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
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Abstract
Physical exercise offers a highly effective health-endowering activity as has been evidence using rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is a particularly useful intervention in individuals employed in sedentary occupations or afflicted by a neurodegenerative disorder, such as PD. The several links between exercise and quality-of-life, disorder progression and staging, risk factors and symptoms-biomarkers in PD all endower a promise for improved prognosis. Nutrition provides a strong determinant for disorder vulnerability and prognosis with fish oils and vegetables with a mediterranean diet offering both protection and resistance. Three factors determining the effects of exercise on disorder severity of patients may be presented: (i) Exercise effects upon motor impairment, gait, posture and balance, (ii) Exercise reduction of oxidative stress, stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and up-regulation of autophagy, and (iii) Exercise stimulation of dopamine (DA) neurochemistry and trophic factors. Running-wheel performance, as measured by distance run by individual mice from different treatment groups, was related to DA-integrity, indexed by striatal DA levels. Finally, both nutrition and exercise may facilitate positive epigenetic outcomes, such as lowering the dosage of L-Dopa required for a therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Richard M Kostrzewa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
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Blum K, Febo M, Fahlke C, Archer T, Berggren U, Demetrovics Z, Dushaj K, Badgaiyan RD. Hypothesizing Balancing Endorphinergic and Glutaminergic Systems to Treat and Prevent Relapse to Reward Deficiency Behaviors: Coupling D-Phenylalanine and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) as a Novel Therapeutic Modality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 26900600 PMCID: PMC4760695 DOI: 10.23937/2378-3656/1410076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Division of Nutrigenomics, LaVita RDS, LLC, Draper, UT, USA; Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA; Division of Neuroscience-Based Therapy, Summit Estate Recovery Center, Los Gatos, CA, USA; Division of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Claudia Fahlke
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - U Berggren
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristina Dushaj
- Division of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA
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Garcia D, MacDonald S, Archer T. Two different approaches to the affective profiles model: median splits (variable-oriented) and cluster analysis (person-oriented). PeerJ 2015; 3:e1380. [PMID: 26539337 PMCID: PMC4631468 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The notion of the affective system as being composed of two dimensions led Archer and colleagues to the development of the affective profiles model. The model consists of four different profiles based on combinations of individuals’ experience of high/low positive and negative affect: self-fulfilling, low affective, high affective, and self-destructive. During the past 10 years, an increasing number of studies have used this person-centered model as the backdrop for the investigation of between and within individual differences in ill-being and well-being. The most common approach to this profiling is by dividing individuals’ scores of self-reported affect using the median of the population as reference for high/low splits. However, scores just-above and just-below the median might become high and low by arbitrariness, not by reality. Thus, it is plausible to criticize the validity of this variable-oriented approach. Our aim was to compare the median splits approach with a person-oriented approach, namely, cluster analysis. Method. The participants (N = 2, 225) were recruited through Amazons’ Mechanical Turk and asked to self-report affect using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule. We compared the profiles’ homogeneity and Silhouette coefficients to discern differences in homogeneity and heterogeneity between approaches. We also conducted exact cell-wise analyses matching the profiles from both approaches and matching profiles and gender to investigate profiling agreement with respect to affectivity levels and affectivity and gender. All analyses were conducted using the ROPstat software. Results. The cluster approach (weighted average of cluster homogeneity coefficients = 0.62, Silhouette coefficients = 0.68) generated profiles with greater homogeneity and more distinctive from each other compared to the median splits approach (weighted average of cluster homogeneity coefficients = 0.75, Silhouette coefficients = 0.59). Most of the participants (n = 1,736, 78.0%) were allocated to the same profile (Rand Index = .83), however, 489 (21.98%) were allocated to different profiles depending on the approach. Both approaches allocated females and males similarly in three of the four profiles. Only the cluster analysis approach classified men significantly more often than chance to a self-fulfilling profile (type) and females less often than chance to this very same profile (antitype). Conclusions. Although the question whether one approach is more appropriate than the other is still without answer, the cluster method allocated individuals to profiles that are more in accordance with the conceptual basis of the model and also to expected gender differences. More importantly, regardless of the approach, our findings suggest that the model mirrors a complex and dynamic adaptive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council , Karlskrona , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Shane MacDonald
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Center for Health and Medical Psychology (CHAMP), Psychological Institution, Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden ; Psychological Links of Unique Strengths (PLUS), Psychological Institution, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Fahlgren E, Nima AA, Archer T, Garcia D. Person-centered osteopathic practice: patients' personality (body, mind, and soul) and health (ill-being and well-being). PeerJ 2015; 3:e1349. [PMID: 26528411 PMCID: PMC4627917 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Osteopathic philosophy and practice are congruent with the biopsychosocial model, a patient-centered approach when treating disease, and the view of the person as a unity (i.e., body, mind, and soul). Nevertheless, a unity of being should involve a systematic person-centered understanding of the patient's personality as a biopsychosociospiritual construct that influences health (i.e., well-being and ill-being). We suggest Cloninger's personality model, comprising temperament (i.e., body) and character (i.e., mind and soul), as a genuine paradigm for implementation in osteopathic practice. As a first step, we investigated (1) the relationships between personality and health among osteopathic patients, (2) differences in personality between patients and a control group, and (3) differences in health within patients depending on the presenting problem and gender. Method. 524 osteopathic patients in Sweden (age mean = 46.17, SD = 12.54, 388 females and 136 males) responded to an online survey comprising the Temperament and Character Inventory and measures of health (well-being: life satisfaction, positive affect, harmony in life, energy, and resilience; ill-being: negative affect, anxiety, depression, stress, and dysfunction and suffering associated to the presenting problem). We conducted two structural equation models to investigate the association personality-health; graphically compared the patients' personality T-scores to those of the control group and compared the mean raw scores using t-tests; and conducted two multivariate analyses of variance, using age as covariate, to compare patients' health in relation to their presenting problem and gender. Results. The patients' personality explained the variance of all of the well-being (R (2) between .19 and .54) and four of the ill-being (R (2) between .05 and .43) measures. Importantly, self-transcendence, the spiritual aspect of personality, was associated to high levels of positive emotions and resilience. Osteopathic patients, compared to controls, scored higher in six of the seven personality dimensions. These differences were, however, not considerably large (divergences in T-scores were <1 SD, Cohen's d between 0.12 and 0.40). Presenting problem and gender did not have an effect on any of the health measures. Conclusion. The patient's personality as a ternary construct (i.e., body, mind, and soul), which is in line with osteopathy, is associated to both well-being and ill-being. The lack of substantial differences in personality between patients and controls implies that the patients had not any personality disorders. Hence, osteopaths might, with proper education, be able to coach their patients to self-awareness. The lack of differences in health variables between osteopathic patients with different presenting problems suggests that practitioners should focus on the person's health regardless of the type of presenting problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Fahlgren
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
- Osteopathie Schule Deutschland, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ali A. Nima
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Archer T, Josefsson T, Lindwall M. Effects of physical exercise on depressive symptoms and biomarkers in depression. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2015; 13:1640-53. [PMID: 25470398 DOI: 10.2174/1871527313666141130203245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise/activity has been shown repeatedly to promote positive benefits in cognitive, emotional and motor domains concomitant with reductions in distress and negative affect. It exerts a preventative role in anxiety and depressive states and facilitates psychological well-being in both adolescents and adults. Not least, several meta-analyses attest to improvements brought about by exercise. In the present treatise, the beneficial effects of exercise upon cognitive, executive function and working memory, emotional, self-esteem and depressed mood, motivational, anhedonia and psychomotor retardation, and somatic/physical, sleep disturbances and chronic aches and pains, categories of depression are discussed. Concurrently, the amelioration of several biomarkers associated with depressive states: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis homeostasis, anti-neurodegenerative effects, monoamine metabolism regulation and neuroimmune functioning. The notion that physical exercise may function as "scaffolding" that buttresses available network circuits, anti-inflammatory defences and neuroreparative processes, e.g. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), holds a certain appeal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magnus Lindwall
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Halmstad University, Box 823, S-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden.
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Mousavi F, Rozsa S, Nilsson T, Archer T, Anckarsäter H, Garcia D. Personality and intelligence: persistence, not self-directedness, cooperativeness or self-transcendence, is related to twins' cognitive abilities. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1195. [PMID: 26312186 PMCID: PMC4548492 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. A person-centered approach focusing on the interaction of an individual’s temperament-character-life events is essential in the path of individuals’ well-being. In this context, three character traits, Self-directedness (e.g., self-acceptance, self-control, goal-directed behavior), Cooperativeness (e.g., social affiliation, social tolerance, empathy and helpfulness) and Self-transcendence (e.g., spiritual acceptance, transpersonal identification), measured using Cloninger’s model of personality are suggested to help the individual to regulate and resolve the conflicts derived from her/his temperament combinations as a reaction to life events. However, if character is related to the individual’s cognitive ability, then this association might limit any intervention that focuses on character development. We used data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) to investigate the relationship between personality and cognitive ability. Method. The sample consisted of 370 15-year-old twins (159 girls/211 boys), 192 of whom screen-positive with various types of mental health problems. We used the Temperament and Character Inventory to measure personality and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-IV) to measure intelligence. The relationship was investigated using correlation analyses using random-selected twins from each dyad and separately for monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Additional analyses investigated the genetic and environmental effects on personality and cognitive ability in this specific sample. Results. There were no significant correlations between the WISC-IV indices and any of the character traits (i.e., Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence). Persistence was significantly related, if weak, to four WISC-IV indices: Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, and the Full WISC-IV Scale. Post-hoc cross-twin/cross-trait analyses showed that the Persistence-cognitive ability correlation might depend on common genetic effects. The WISC-IV indices showed a relatively large genetic influence, while earlier findings about the etiology of temperament and character traits using the whole CATSS sample were replicated in this sub-sample of twins. Conclusions. The results indicate that what individuals make of themselves intentionally (i.e., their character) was not associated to intelligence. Persistence, a temperament dimension that measures heritable individual differences in eagerness of effort, ambition, perfectionism, and resistance to discouragement despite frustration and fatigue, was weakly linked to intelligence. Suggesting that, at least during adolescence, interventions targeting character development are not limited by the individual’s intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandor Rozsa
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Center for Well-Being, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Thomas Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Center for Well-Being, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
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Garcia D, Andersson Arntén AC, Archer T. Editorial: Character, responsibility, and well-being: influences on mental health and constructive behavior patterns. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1079. [PMID: 26284003 PMCID: PMC4518140 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
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Archer T, Kostrzewa RM. Physical Exercise Alleviates Health Defects, Symptoms, and Biomarkers in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:268-80. [PMID: 26174041 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterized by symptom profiles consisting of positive and negative symptoms, cognitive impairment, and a plethora of genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic biomarkers. Assorted animal models of these disorders and clinical neurodevelopmental indicators have implicated neurodegeneration as an element in the underlying pathophysiology. Physical exercise or activity regimes--whether aerobic, resistance, or endurance--ameliorate regional brain and functional deficits not only in affected individuals but also in animal models of the disorder. Cognitive deficits, often linked to regional deficits, were alleviated by exercise, as were quality-of-life, independent of disorder staging and risk level. Apoptotic processes intricate to the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia were likewise attenuated by physical exercise. There is also evidence of manifest benefits endowed by physical exercise in preserving telomere length and integrity. Not least, exercise improves overall health and quality-of-life. The notion of scaffolding as the outcome of physical exercise implies the "buttressing" of regional network circuits, neurocognitive domains, anti-inflammatory defenses, maintenance of telomeric integrity, and neuro-reparative and regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden,
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Hanaford A, Archer T, Tamayo P, Pomeroy S, Eberhart C, Raabe E. MB-27 * PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF A HUMAN NEURAL STEM CELL MODEL OF AGGRESSIVE MEDULLOBLASTOMA REVEALS CKD INBHIBITION AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC MODALITY. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov061.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Garcia D, Jimmefors A, Mousavi F, Adrianson L, Rosenberg P, Archer T. Self-regulatory mode (locomotion and assessment), well-being (subjective and psychological), and exercise behavior (frequency and intensity) in relation to high school pupils' academic achievement. PeerJ 2015; 3:e847. [PMID: 25861553 PMCID: PMC4389278 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Self-regulation is the procedure implemented by an individual striving to reach a goal and consists of two inter-related strategies: assessment and locomotion. Moreover, both subjective and psychological well-being along exercise behaviour might also play a role on adolescents academic achievement. Method. Participants were 160 Swedish high school pupils (111 boys and 49 girls) with an age mean of 17.74 (sd = 1.29). We used the Regulatory Mode Questionnaire to measure self-regulation strategies (i.e., locomotion and assessment). Well-being was measured using Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales short version, the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. Exercise behaviour was self-reported using questions pertaining to frequency and intensity of exercise compliance. Academic achievement was operationalized through the pupils’ mean value of final grades in Swedish, Mathematics, English, and Physical Education. Both correlation and regressions analyses were conducted. Results. Academic achievement was positively related to assessment, well-being, and frequent/intensive exercise behaviour. Assessment was, however, negatively related to well-being. Locomotion on the other hand was positively associated to well-being and also to exercise behaviour. Conclusions. The results suggest a dual (in)direct model to increase pupils’ academic achievement and well-being—assessment being directly related to higher academic achievement, while locomotion is related to frequently exercising and well-being, which in turn, increase academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden
| | - Alexander Jimmefors
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | | | - Lillemor Adrianson
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; The Academy of Library, Information, Pedagogy and Information Technology, University of Borås , Borås , Sweden
| | | | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Abstract
Physical exercise is linked to individuals whose affect profiles are invariably positive and it induces anti-apoptotic and anti-excitotoxic effects, buttressing blood–brain barrier intactness in both healthy individuals and those suffering from disorders accompanying overweight and obesity. In this regard, exercise offers a unique non-pharmacologic, non-invasive intervention that incorporates different regimes, whether dynamic or static, endurance, or resistance. In this brief report we present a self-reported study carried out on an adolescent and adult population (N = 280, 144 males and 136 females), which indicated that the propensity and compliance for exercise, measured as the “Archer ratio”, was predicted by a positive affect. This association is discussed from the perspective of health, well-being, affect dimensions, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Rapp Ricciardi M, Åkerman J, Eerikäinen P, Ambjörnsson A, Andersson Arntén AC, Mihailovic M, Archer T, Garcia D. Understanding Group and Leader (UGL) trainers' personality characteristics and affective profiles. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1191. [PMID: 25374553 PMCID: PMC4204454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Understanding Group and Leader (UGL), provided by the Swedish National Defense College and mentored by UGL-trainers, is one of the most popular management programs among civilians in Sweden. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the training. We used the affective profile model (i.e., the combination of positive, PA, and negative affect, NA) to mapp important markers of empowerment, self-awareness, adaptive coping skills, and maturity among the UGL-trainers. The aims were: (1) to compare profiles between UGL-trainers and managers/supervisors and (2) to investigate differences in personal characteristics. METHOD UGL-trainers (N = 153) and the comparison group (104 Swedish Chiefs of Police) completed an online survey on optimism, self-esteem, locus of control, and affect. The four profiles are: self-fulfilling (high PA, low NA), high affective (high PA, high NA), low affective (high PA, low NA), and self-destructive (low PA, high NA). RESULTS The self-fulfilling profile was more common among UGL-trainers (25.70%) than among Chiefs of Police (19.20%). UGL-trainers, compared to Chiefs of Police, were more likely to express a self-fulling than a low affective profile (OR = 2.22, p < 0.05) and a high affective than a low affective profile (OR = 1.43, p < 0.001). UGL-trainers with a self-fulfilling profile, compared to those with a self-destructive profile, scored higher in optimism, higher in self-esteem, and lower in external locus of control. CONCLUSIONS The probability of self-fulfillment rather than low affectivity was higher among UGL-trainers. Self-fulfillment was associated to markers of self-awareness and adaptive coping skills. However, the most common profile was the low affective, which is associated to low performance during stress, low degree of personal development, low degree of purpose in life, and low resilience. Hence, it might be important for UGL-trainers to have a continuous training in awareness after certification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Rapp Ricciardi
- Department of Psychology, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
- Network for Empowerment and Well-BeingGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Åkerman
- Department of Psychology, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Eerikäinen
- Department of Psychology, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Ambjörnsson
- Department of Psychology, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
- Network for Empowerment and Well-BeingGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Andersson Arntén
- Network for Empowerment and Well-BeingGothenburg, Sweden
- Office of the National Police Commissioner, National Police BoardStockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
- Network for Empowerment and Well-BeingGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-BeingGothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
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Garcia D, Lindskär E, Archer T. To schedule or not to schedule? Agentic and cooperative teams at call centers. Front Psychol 2014; 5:999. [PMID: 25278912 PMCID: PMC4165209 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindskär
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
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Riggs C, Archer T, Fellman C, Figueiredo AS, Follows J, Stokes J, Wills R, Mackin A, Bulla C. Analytical validation of a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for evaluation of T-cell targeted immunosuppressive therapy in the dog. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 156:229-34. [PMID: 24422229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent that inhibits T-cell function by decreasing production of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ). In dogs, there is currently no reliable analytical method for determining effective cyclosporine dosages in individual patients. Our laboratory has developed a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay that measures IL-2 and IFN-γ gene expression, with the goal of quantifying immunosuppression in dogs treated with cyclosporine. This study focuses on analytical validation of our assay, and on the effects of sample storage conditions on cyclosporine-exposed samples. Heparinized whole blood collected from healthy adult dogs was exposed to a typical post-treatment blood concentration for cyclosporine(500 ng/mL) for 1 h, and then stored for 0, 24, and 48 h at both room temperature and 4 ◦C.The study was then repeated using a cyclosporine concentration of 75 ng/mL, with sample storage for 0, 24, and 48 h at 4 ◦C. Cytokine gene expression was measured using RT-qPCR,and assay efficiency and inter- and intra-assay variability were determined. Storage for upto 24 h at room temperature, and up to 48 h at 4 ◦C, did not significantly alter results compared to samples that were processed immediately. Validation studies showed our assay to be highly efficient and reproducible and robust enough to be feasible under standard practice submission conditions.
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Archer T, Garcia D, Fredriksson A. Restoration of MPTP-induced deficits by exercise and Milmed(®) co-treatment. PeerJ 2014; 2:e531. [PMID: 25210657 PMCID: PMC4157294 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces permanent neurochemical and functional deficits. Following the administration of either two or four injections of the dopamine neurotoxin, MPTP, at a dose of 40 mg/kg, C57/BL6 mice were given access to running-wheels (30-min sessions, four times/week, Monday-Thursday) and treatment with the treated yeast, Milmed(®) (four times/week, Monday-Thursday), or simply running-wheel exercise by itself, over ten weeks. It was observed that the combination of physical exercise and Milmed(®) treatment, the MPTP + Exercise + Yeast (MC) group [MPTP + Exercise + Milmed(®) (MC)], restored spontaneous motor activity markedly by test day 10, restored completely subthreshold L-Dopa-induced activity, and dopamine concentration to 76% of control values, in the condition wherein two administrations of MPTP (2 × 40 mg/kg) were given prior to initiation of exercise and/or Milmed(®) treatment. Physical exercise by itself, MPTP + Exercise (MC) group, attenuated these deficits only partially. Administration of MPTP four times (i.e., 40 mg/kg, s.c., once weekly over four weeks for a total of 160 mg/kg, MPTP + Exercise + Yeast (MC) group [MPTP + Exercise + Milmed(®) (SC)] and MPTP + Exercise (SC), induced a lesioning effect that was far too severe for either exercise alone or the exercise + Milmed(®) combination to ameliorate. Nevertheless, these findings indicate a powerful effect of physical exercise reinforced by Milmed(®) treatment in restoring MPTP-induced deficits of motor function and dopamine neurochemistry in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Neuroscience Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Moradi S, Nima AA, Rapp Ricciardi M, Archer T, Garcia D. Exercise, character strengths, well-being, and learning climate in the prediction of performance over a 6-month period at a call center. Front Psychol 2014; 5:497. [PMID: 25002853 PMCID: PMC4066948 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Performance monitoring might have an adverse influence on call center agents' well-being. We investigate how performance, over a 6-month period, is related to agents' perceptions of their learning climate, character strengths, well-being (subjective and psychological), and physical activity. Method: Agents (N = 135) self-reported perception of the learning climate (Learning Climate Questionnaire), character strengths (Values In Action Inventory Short Version), well-being (Positive Affect, Negative Affect Schedule, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scales Short Version), and how often/intensively they engaged in physical activity. Performance, “time on the phone,” was monitored for 6 consecutive months by the same system handling the calls. Results: Performance was positively related to having opportunities to develop, the character strengths clusters of Wisdom and Knowledge (e.g., curiosity for learning, perspective) and Temperance (e.g., having self-control, being prudent, humble, and modest), and exercise frequency. Performance was negatively related to the sense of autonomy and responsibility, contentedness, the character strengths clusters of Humanity and Love (e.g., helping others, cooperation) and Justice (e.g., affiliation, fairness, leadership), positive affect, life satisfaction and exercise Intensity. Conclusion: Call centers may need to create opportunities to develop to increase agents' performance and focus on individual differences in the recruitment and selection of agents to prevent future shortcomings or worker dissatisfaction. Nevertheless, performance measurement in call centers may need to include other aspects that are more attuned with different character strengths. After all, allowing individuals to put their strengths at work should empower the individual and at the end the organization itself. Finally, physical activity enhancement programs might offer considerable positive work outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Moradi
- Department of Management, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali A Nima
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Rapp Ricciardi
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mousavi F, Garcia D, Jimmefors A, Archer T, Ewalds-Kvist B. Swedish high-school pupils' attitudes towards drugs in relation to drug usage, impulsiveness and other risk factors. PeerJ 2014; 2:e410. [PMID: 24949233 PMCID: PMC4060018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Illicit drug use influences people’s lives and elicits unwanted behaviour. Current research shows that there is an increase in young people’s drug use in Sweden. The aim was to investigate Swedish high-school pupils’ attitudes, impulsiveness and gender differences linked to drug use. Risk and protective factors relative to drug use were also a focus of interest. Method. High school pupils (n = 146) aged 17–21 years, responded to the Adolescent Health and Development Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Knowledge, and the Attitudes and Beliefs. Direct logistic, multiple regression analyses, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance were used to analyze the data. Results. Positive Attitudes towards drugs were predicted by risk factors (odds ratio = 37.31) and gender (odds ratio = .32). Risk factors (odds ratio = 46.89), positive attitudes towards drugs (odds ratio = 4.63), and impulsiveness (odds ratio = 1.11) predicted drug usage. Risk factors dimensions Family, Friends and Individual Characteristic were positively related to impulsiveness among drug users. Moreover, although boys reported using drugs to a greater extent, girls expressed more positive attitude towards drugs and even reported more impulsiveness than boys. Conclusion. This study reinforces the notion that research ought to focus on gender differences relative to pro-drug attitudes along with testing for differences in the predictors of girls’ and boys’ delinquency and impulsiveness. Positive attitudes towards drugs among adolescents seem to be part of a vicious circle including risk factors, such as friendly drug environments (e.g., friends who use drugs) and unsupportive family environments, individual characteristics, and impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | | | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Béatrice Ewalds-Kvist
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku , Finland ; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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Vaidyanathan G, Gururangan S, Bigner D, Zalutsky M, Morfouace M, Shelat A, Megan J, Freeman BB, Robinson S, Throm S, Olson JM, Li XN, Guy KR, Robinson G, Stewart C, Gajjar A, Roussel M, Sirachainan N, Pakakasama S, Anurathapan U, Hansasuta A, Dhanachai M, Khongkhatithum C, Hongeng S, Feroze A, Lee KS, Gholamin S, Wu Z, Lu B, Mitra S, Cheshier S, Northcott P, Lee C, Zichner T, Lichter P, Korbel J, Wechsler-Reya R, Pfister S, Project IPT, Li KKW, Xia T, Ma FMT, Zhang R, Zhou L, Lau KM, Ng HK, Lafay-Cousin L, Chi S, Madden J, Smith A, Wells E, Owens E, Strother D, Foreman N, Packer R, Bouffet E, Wataya T, Peacock J, Taylor MD, Ivanov D, Garnett M, Parker T, Alexander C, Meijer L, Grundy R, Gellert P, Ashford M, Walker D, Brent J, Cader FZ, Ford D, Kay A, Walsh R, Solanki G, Peet A, English M, Shalaby T, Fiaschetti G, Baulande S, Gerber N, Baumgartner M, Grotzer M, Hayase T, Kawahara Y, Yagi M, Minami T, Kanai N, Yamaguchi T, Gomi A, Morimoto A, Hill R, Kuijper S, Lindsey J, Schwalbe E, Barker K, Boult J, Williamson D, Ahmad Z, Hallsworth A, Ryan S, Poon E, Robinson S, Ruddle R, Raynaud F, Howell L, Kwok C, Joshi A, Nicholson SL, Crosier S, Wharton S, Robson K, Michalski A, Hargrave D, Jacques T, Pizer B, Bailey S, Swartling F, Petrie K, Weiss W, Chesler L, Clifford S, Kitanovski L, Prelog T, Kotnik BF, Debeljak M, Fiaschetti G, Shalaby T, Baumgartner M, Grotzer MA, Gevorgian A, Morozova E, Kazantsev I, Iukhta T, Safonova S, Kumirova E, Punanov Y, Afanasyev B, Zheludkova O, Grajkowska W, Pronicki M, Cukrowska B, Dembowska-Baginska B, Lastowska M, Murase A, Nobusawa S, Gemma Y, Yamazaki F, Masuzawa A, Uno T, Osumi T, Shioda Y, Kiyotani C, Mori T, Matsumoto K, Ogiwara H, Morota N, Hirato J, Nakazawa A, Terashima K, Fay-McClymont T, Walsh K, Mabbott D, Smith A, Wells E, Madden J, Chi S, Owens E, Strother D, Packer R, Foreman N, Bouffet E, Lafay-Cousin L, Sturm D, Northcott PA, Jones DTW, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister SM, Kool M, Hooper C, Hawes S, Kees U, Gottardo N, Dallas P, Siegfried A, Bertozzi AI, Sevely A, Loukh N, Munzer C, Miquel C, Bourdeaut F, Pietsch T, Dufour C, Delisle MB, Kawauchi D, Rehg J, Finkelstein D, Zindy F, Phoenix T, Gilbertson R, Pfister S, Roussel M, Trubicka J, Borucka-Mankiewicz M, Ciara E, Chrzanowska K, Perek-Polnik M, Abramczuk-Piekutowska D, Grajkowska W, Jurkiewicz D, Luczak S, Kowalski P, Krajewska-Walasek M, Lastowska M, Sheila C, Lee S, Foster C, Manoranjan B, Pambit M, Berns R, Fotovati A, Venugopal C, O'Halloran K, Narendran A, Hawkins C, Ramaswamy V, Bouffet E, Taylor M, Singhal A, Hukin J, Rassekh R, Yip S, Northcott P, Singh S, Duhman C, Dunn S, Chen T, Rush S, Fuji H, Ishida Y, Onoe T, Kanda T, Kase Y, Yamashita H, Murayama S, Nakasu Y, Kurimoto T, Kondo A, Sakaguchi S, Fujimura J, Saito M, Arakawa T, Arai H, Shimizu T, Lastowska M, Jurkiewicz E, Daszkiewicz P, Drogosiewicz M, Trubicka J, Grajkowska W, Pronicki M, Kool M, Sturm D, Jones DTW, Hovestadt V, Buchhalter I, Jager NN, Stuetz A, Johann P, Schmidt C, Ryzhova M, Landgraf P, Hasselblatt M, Schuller U, Yaspo ML, von Deimling A, Korbel J, Eils R, Lichter P, Korshunov A, Pfister S, Modi A, Patel M, Berk M, Wang LX, Plautz G, Camara-Costa H, Resch A, Lalande C, Kieffer V, Poggi G, Kennedy C, Bull K, Calaminus G, Grill J, Doz F, Rutkowski S, Massimino M, Kortmann RD, Lannering B, Dellatolas G, Chevignard M, Lindsey J, Kawauchi D, Schwalbe E, Solecki D, McKinnon P, Olson J, Hayden J, Grundy R, Ellison D, Williamson D, Bailey S, Roussel M, Clifford S, Buss M, Remke M, Lee J, Caspary T, Taylor M, Castellino R, Lannering B, Sabel M, Gustafsson G, Fleischhack G, Benesch M, Doz F, Kortmann RD, Massimino M, Navajas A, Reddingius R, Rutkowski S, Miquel C, Delisle MB, Dufour C, Lafon D, Sevenet N, Pierron G, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F, Ecker J, Oehme I, Mazitschek R, Korshunov A, Kool M, Lodrini M, Deubzer HE, von Deimling A, Kulozik AE, Pfister SM, Witt O, Milde T, Phoenix T, Patmore D, Boulos N, Wright K, Boop S, Gilbertson R, Janicki T, Burzynski S, Burzynski G, Marszalek A, Triscott J, Green M, Foster C, Fotovati A, Berns R, O'Halloran K, Singhal A, Hukin J, Rassekh SR, Yip S, Toyota B, Dunham C, Dunn SE, Liu KW, Pei Y, Wechsler-Reya R, Genovesi L, Ji P, Davis M, Ng CG, Remke M, Taylor M, Cho YJ, Jenkins N, Copeland N, Wainwright B, Tang Y, Schubert S, Nguyen B, Masoud S, Gholamin S, Lee A, Willardson M, Bandopadhayay P, Bergthold G, Atwood S, Whitson R, Cheshier S, Qi J, Beroukhim R, Tang J, Wechsler-Reya R, Oro A, Link B, Bradner J, Cho YJ, Vallero SG, Bertin D, Basso ME, Milanaccio C, Peretta P, Cama A, Mussano A, Barra S, Morana G, Morra I, Nozza P, Fagioli F, Garre ML, Darabi A, Sanden E, Visse E, Stahl N, Siesjo P, Cho YJ, Vaka D, Schubert S, Vasquez F, Weir B, Cowley G, Keller C, Hahn W, Gibbs IC, Partap S, Yeom K, Martinez M, Vogel H, Donaldson SS, Fisher P, Perreault S, Cho YJ, Guerrini-Rousseau L, Dufour C, Pujet S, Kieffer-Renaux V, Raquin MA, Varlet P, Longaud A, Sainte-Rose C, Valteau-Couanet D, Grill J, Staal J, Lau LS, Zhang H, Ingram WJ, Cho YJ, Hathout Y, Brown K, Rood BR, Sanden E, Visse E, Stahl N, Siesjo P, Darabi A, Handler M, Hankinson T, Madden J, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Foreman N, Hutter S, Northcott PA, Kool M, Pfister S, Kawauchi D, Jones DT, Kagawa N, Hirayama R, Kijima N, Chiba Y, Kinoshita M, Takano K, Eino D, Fukuya S, Yamamoto F, Nakanishi K, Hashimoto N, Hashii Y, Hara J, Taylor MD, Yoshimine T, Wang J, Guo C, Yang Q, Chen Z, Perek-Polnik M, Lastowska M, Drogosiewicz M, Dembowska-Baginska B, Grajkowska W, Filipek I, Swieszkowska E, Tarasinska M, Perek D, Kebudi R, Koc B, Gorgun O, Agaoglu FY, Wolff J, Darendeliler E, Schmidt C, Kerl K, Gronych J, Kawauchi D, Lichter P, Schuller U, Pfister S, Kool M, McGlade J, Endersby R, Hii H, Johns T, Gottardo N, Sastry J, Murphy D, Ronghe M, Cunningham C, Cowie F, Jones R, Sastry J, Calisto A, Sangra M, Mathieson C, Brown J, Phuakpet K, Larouche V, Hawkins C, Bartels U, Bouffet E, Ishida T, Hasegawa D, Miyata K, Ochi S, Saito A, Kozaki A, Yanai T, Kawasaki K, Yamamoto K, Kawamura A, Nagashima T, Akasaka Y, Soejima T, Yoshida M, Kosaka Y, Rutkowski S, von Bueren A, Goschzik T, Kortmann R, von Hoff K, Friedrich C, Muehlen AZ, Gerber N, Warmuth-Metz M, Soerensen N, Deinlein F, Benesch M, Zwiener I, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Pietsch T, KRAMER K, -Taskar NP, Zanzonico P, Humm JL, Wolden SL, Cheung NKV, Venkataraman S, Alimova I, Harris P, Birks D, Balakrishnan I, Griesinger A, Remke M, Taylor MD, Handler M, Foreman NK, Vibhakar R, Margol A, Robison N, Gnanachandran J, Hung L, Kennedy R, Vali M, Dhall G, Finlay J, Erdrich-Epstein A, Krieger M, Drissi R, Fouladi M, Gilles F, Judkins A, Sposto R, Asgharzadeh S, Peyrl A, Chocholous M, Holm S, Grillner P, Blomgren K, Azizi A, Czech T, Gustafsson B, Dieckmann K, Leiss U, Slavc I, Babelyan S, Dolgopolov I, Pimenov R, Mentkevich G, Gorelishev S, Laskov M, Friedrich C, Warmuth-Metz M, von Bueren AO, Nowak J, von Hoff K, Pietsch T, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Mynarek M, von Hoff K, Muller K, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Gerber NU, Benesch M, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Ottensmeier H, Kwiecien R, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Mynarek M, von Hoff K, Muller K, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Gerber NU, Benesch M, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Ottensmeier H, Kwiecien R, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Yankelevich M, Laskov M, Boyarshinov V, Glekov I, Pimenov R, Ozerov S, Gorelyshev S, Popa A, Dolgopolov I, Subbotina N, Mentkevich G, Martin AM, Nirschl C, Polanczyk M, Bell R, Martinez D, Sullivan LM, Santi M, Burger PC, Taube JM, Drake CG, Pardoll DM, Lim M, Li L, Wang WG, Pu JX, Sun HD, Remke M, Taylor MD, Ruggieri R, Symons MH, Vanan MI, Bandopadhayay P, Bergthold G, Nguyen B, Schubert S, Gholamin S, Tang Y, Bolin S, Schumacher S, Zeid R, Masoud S, Yu F, Vue N, Gibson W, Paolella B, Mitra S, Cheshier S, Qi J, Liu KW, Wechsler-Reya R, Weiss W, Swartling FJ, Kieran MW, Bradner JE, Beroukhim R, Cho YJ, Maher O, Khatua S, Tarek N, Zaky W, Gupta T, Mohanty S, Kannan S, Jalali R, Kapitza E, Denkhaus D, Muhlen AZ, Rutkowski S, Pietsch T, von Hoff K, Pizer B, Dufour C, van Vuurden DG, Garami M, Massimino M, Fangusaro J, Davidson TB, da Costa MJG, Sterba J, Benesch M, Gerber NU, Mynarek M, Kwiecien R, Clifford SC, Kool M, Pietsch T, Finlay JL, Rutkowski S, Pietsch T, Schmidt R, Remke M, Korshunov A, Hovestadt V, Jones DT, Felsberg J, Goschzik T, Kool M, Northcott PA, von Hoff K, von Bueren A, Skladny H, Taylor M, Cremer F, Lichter P, Faldum A, Reifenberger G, Rutkowski S, Pfister S, Kunder R, Jalali R, Sridhar E, Moiyadi AA, Goel A, Goel N, Shirsat N, Othman R, Storer L, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Kerr I, Coyle B, Law N, Smith ML, Greenberg M, Bouffet E, Taylor MD, Laughlin S, Malkin D, Liu F, Moxon-Emre I, Scantlebury N, Mabbott D, Nasir A, Othman R, Storer L, Onion D, Lourdusamy A, Grabowska A, Coyle B, Cai Y, Othman R, Bradshaw T, Coyle B, de Medeiros RSS, Beaugrand A, Soares S, Epelman S, Jones DTW, Hovestadt V, Wang W, Northcott PA, Kool M, Sultan M, Landgraf P, Reifenberger G, Eils R, Yaspo ML, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Korshunov A, Zapatka M, Radlwimmer B, Pfister SM, Lichter P, Alderete D, Baroni L, Lubinieki F, Auad F, Gonzalez ML, Puya W, Pacheco P, Aurtenetxe O, Gaffar A, Gros L, Cruz O, Calvo C, Navajas A, Shinojima N, Nakamura H, Kuratsu JI, Hanaford A, Eberhart C, Archer T, Tamayo P, Pomeroy S, Raabe E, De Braganca K, Gilheeney S, Khakoo Y, Kramer K, Wolden S, Dunkel I, Lulla RR, Laskowski J, Fangusaro J, Goldman S, Gopalakrishnan V, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Shih D, Wang X, Northcott P, Faria C, Raybaud C, Tabori U, Hawkins C, Rutka J, Taylor M, Bouffet E, Jacobs S, De Vathaire F, Diallo I, Llanas D, Verez C, Diop F, Kahlouche A, Grill J, Puget S, Valteau-Couanet D, Dufour C, Ramaswamy V, Thompson E, Taylor M, Pomeroy S, Archer T, Northcott P, Tamayo P, Prince E, Amani V, Griesinger A, Foreman N, Vibhakar R, Sin-Chan P, Lu M, Kleinman C, Spence T, Picard D, Ho KC, Chan J, Hawkins C, Majewski J, Jabado N, Dirks P, Huang A, Madden JR, Foreman NK, Donson AM, Mirsky DM, Wang X, Dubuc A, Korshunov A, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Mack S, Gendoo D, Peacock J, Luu B, Cho YJ, Eberhart C, MacDonald T, Li XN, Van Meter T, Northcott P, Croul S, Bouffet E, Pfister S, Taylor M, Laureano A, Brugmann W, Denman C, Singh H, Huls H, Moyes J, Khatua S, Sandberg D, Silla L, Cooper L, Lee D, Gopalakrishnan V. MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Singh A, Boyle MC, Rubino M, Tandon A, Shah R, Archer T. BRG1 deletion de‐represses p53 pathways inducing cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis during peri‐gastrulation (541.10). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.541.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences DurhamNCUnited States
| | - Michael C Boyle
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences DurhamNCUnited States
| | - Mark Rubino
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences DurhamNCUnited States
| | | | | | - Trevor Archer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences DurhamNCUnited States
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Sailer U, Rosenberg P, Nima AA, Gamble A, Gärling T, Archer T, Garcia D. A happier and less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present and a more structured future: time perspective and well-being. PeerJ 2014; 2:e303. [PMID: 24688878 PMCID: PMC3961480 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Previous studies have established a link between how people relate to their past, present, and future (i.e., time perspective) and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect). Time perspective comprises five dimensions: Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic, and Future. Life satisfaction can also be evaluated in relation to different time frames. Moreover, approach related positive affect is associated to a different concept of well-being labeled psychological well-being. In the present study we extend previous findings by investigating the effect of time perspective on the time frame of evaluations of life satisfaction (past, present, future) and by investigating the relationship between time perspective and psychological well-being. Method. Questionnaires on time perspective (Zimbardo's Time Perspective Inventory), temporal life satisfaction (Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale), affect (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule), and psychological well-being (Scales of Psychological Well-Being-short version) were answered by 453 individuals. Two different structural equation models were tested, one of the relationship between time perspective and temporal life satisfaction, and the other of the relationship between time perspective, affect and psychological well-being. Results. Time perspective affected life satisfaction depending on the time scale on which it was evaluated-memory of a negative past influenced life satisfaction in all time frames, and a positive view of the past influenced both past and future life satisfaction. Moreover, less rumination about past negative events (i.e., low score on Past Negative), the tendency to take risks in the present to achieve happy feelings and/or avoid boredom (i.e., high scores on Present Hedonistic), and a less hopeless and pessimistic view about the present (low scores on Present Fatalistic) were associated with higher levels of psychological well-being and positive affect. These same time perspective dimensions were associated with lower levels of negative affect. The Future time perspective dimension (i.e., approaching life with self-control, punctuality, and planning for the future) was associated with both psychological well-being and positive affect. Conclusions. High levels of both subjective and psychological well-being are related to a happier and a less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present, as well as to a more structured future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Sailer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden
| | | | - Ali Al Nima
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden
| | - Amelie Gamble
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tommy Gärling
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden
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Garcia D, Nima AA, Rappe C, Rapp Ricciardi M, Archer T. The relationship between the JobMatchTalent test and the NEO PI-R: construct validation of an instrument designed for recruitment of personnel. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90309. [PMID: 24594872 PMCID: PMC3942421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Personality measures in recruitment situations need to (1) cover the Big-Five model of personality and (2) focus on interpersonal requirements of jobs. We investigated the relationship between the JobMatchTalent test and the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R). The JobMatchTalent consists of three areas (i.e., Stability Patterns, Action Patterns, and Relation Patterns) divided in 10 main scales providing a deeper picture of the employee (e.g., Work Structure, Tolerance). Method The participants (N = 390) were recruited from the professional network LinkedIn and completed online versions of both instruments. We used correlation analysis to investigate the construct validity of the JobMatchTalent test by identifying significant correlation coefficients no lower than ±.30 (i.e., convergent validity) and those with nonsignificant correlations (i.e., discriminant validity). Regression analyses were used to investigate the variance of the NEO PI-R dimensions that was explained by the JobMatchTalent test. Results Four of the NEO PI-R dimensions showed considerable overlap with the following JobMatchTalent main scales: (1) Work structure and Decision Characteristics, which both are measures of thoughtfulness, planning, and order (i.e., Conscientiousness); (2) Inner drive, Activity, Drive, Acting, and Communication, which represent different aspects of being outgoing and extrovert (i.e., Extraversion); (3) Tolerance and Social interest, which measure a person's interest and ability to create social relations (i.e., Agreeableness); and (4) Stress Index, a measure of emotional stability (i.e., the opposite of Neuroticism). All 5 NEO PI-R dimensions overlapped with the JobMatchTalent sub-scales. Conclusions The study suggests that 4 of the NEO PI-R dimensions are logically categorized along the JobMatchTalent main scales: (1) Order and Thoughtfulness, (2) Energy and Extraversion, (3) Social Adaptation and Interest, and (4) Emotion Control. Hence, it suggests substantial overlap between the instruments, but also that the two instruments cannot be considered as equivalent to assess individual differences in recruitment situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Ali Al Nima
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catrin Rappe
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Rapp Ricciardi
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tridimas A, Archer T, Rehman Z, Oelbaum S, Burhan H. P126 The prevalence of self reported respiratory symptoms and diagnoses amongst patients attending a drug dependance clinic: Abstract P126 Table 1. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Haraschak JL, Langston VC, Wang R, Riggs C, Fellman C, Ross MK, Bulla C, Lunsford K, Mackin A, Archer T. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral dantrolene in the dog. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:286-94. [PMID: 24219828 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of dantrolene and its active metabolite, 5-hydroxydantrolene, after a single oral dose of either 5 or 10 mg/kg of dantrolene was determined. The effects of exposure to dantrolene and 5-hydroxydantrolene on activated whole-blood gene expression of the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were also investigated. When dantrolene was administered at a 5 mg/kg dose, peak plasma concentration (Cmax ) was 0.43 μg/mL, terminal half-life (t1/2 ) was 1.26 h, and area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) was 3.87 μg·h/mL. For the 10 mg/kg dose, Cmax was 0.65 μg/mL, t1/2 was 1.21 h, and AUC was 5.94 μg·h/mL. For all calculated parameters, however, there were large standard deviations and wide ranges noted between and within individual dogs: t1/2 , for example, ranged from 0.43 to 6.93 h, Cmax ratios ranged from 1.05 to 3.39, and relative bioavailability (rF) values ranged from 0.02 to 1.56. While activated whole-blood expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ as measured by qRT-PCR was markedly suppressed following exposure to very high concentrations (30 and 50 μg/mL, respectively) of both dantrolene and 5-hydroxydantrolene, biologically and therapeutically relevant suppression of cytokine expression did not occur at the much lower drug concentrations achieved with oral dantrolene dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Haraschak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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