1
|
Pepe-Mooney BJ, Smith CJ, Sherman MS, North TE, Padera RF, Goessling W. SARS-CoV-2 viral liver aggregates and scarce parenchymal infection implicate systemic disease as a driver of abnormal liver function. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0290. [PMID: 37889528 PMCID: PMC10615432 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver function tests (LFTs) are elevated in >50% of hospitalized individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), with increased enzyme levels correlating with a more severe COVID-19 course. Despite these observations, evaluations of viral presence within liver parenchyma and viral impact on liver function remain controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS Our work is a comprehensive immunopathological evaluation of liver tissue from 33 patients with severe, and ultimately fatal, cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coupled with clinical data, we reveal the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes despite dramatic systemic viral presence. Critically, we identify significant focal viral sinusoidal aggregates in 2/33 patients and single viral RNA molecules circulating in the hepatic sinusoids of 15/33 patients. Utilizing co-immunofluorescence, focal viral liver aggregates in patients with COVID-19 were colocalized to platelet and fibrin clots, indicating the presence of virus-containing sinusoidal microthrombi. Furthermore, this patient cohort, from the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrates a general downtrend of LFTs over the course of the study timeline and serves as a remarkable historical time point of unattenuated viral replication within patients. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings indicate that elevated LFTs found in our patient cohort are not due to direct viral parenchymal infection with SARS-CoV-2 but rather likely a consequence of systemic complications of COVID-19. This work aids in the clinical treatment considerations of patients with SARS-CoV-2 as therapies for these patients may be considered in terms of their direct drug hepatotoxity rather than worsening hepatic function due to direct infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Pepe-Mooney
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colton J. Smith
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc S. Sherman
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trista E. North
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert F. Padera
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song J, Gooding AR, Hemphill WO, Love BD, Robertson A, Yao L, Zon LI, North TE, Kasinath V, Cech TR. Structural basis for inactivation of PRC2 by G-quadruplex RNA. Science 2023; 381:1331-1337. [PMID: 37733873 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) silences genes through trimethylation of histone H3K27. PRC2 associates with numerous precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with a binding preference for G-quadruplex RNA. In this work, we present a 3.3-Å-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of PRC2 bound to a G-quadruplex RNA. Notably, RNA mediates the dimerization of PRC2 by binding both protomers and inducing a protein interface composed of two copies of the catalytic subunit EZH2, thereby blocking nucleosome DNA interaction and histone H3 tail accessibility. Furthermore, an RNA-binding loop of EZH2 facilitates the handoff between RNA and DNA, another activity implicated in PRC2 regulation by RNA. We identified a gain-of-function mutation in this loop that activates PRC2 in zebrafish. Our results reveal mechanisms for RNA-mediated regulation of a chromatin-modifying enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Anne R Gooding
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Wayne O Hemphill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Brittney D Love
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne Robertson
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liqi Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vignesh Kasinath
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Thomas R Cech
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weeks O, Miller BM, Pepe-Mooney BJ, Oderberg IM, Freeburg SH, Smith CJ, North TE, Goessling W. Embryonic alcohol exposure disrupts the ubiquitin-proteasome system. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156914. [PMID: 36477359 PMCID: PMC9746913 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) is a commonly encountered teratogen that can disrupt organ development and lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs); many mechanisms of developmental toxicity are unknown. Here, we used transcriptomic analysis in an established zebrafish model of embryonic alcohol exposure (EAE) to identify the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) as a critical target of EtOH during development. Surprisingly, EAE alters 20S, 19S, and 11S proteasome gene expression and increases ubiquitylated protein load. EtOH and its metabolite acetaldehyde decrease proteasomal peptidase activity in a cell type-specific manner. Proteasome 20S subunit β 1 (psmb1hi2939Tg) and proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 6 (psmc6hi3593Tg), genetic KOs define the developmental impact of decreased proteasome function. Importantly, loss of psmb1 or psmc6 results in widespread developmental abnormalities resembling EAE phenotypes, including growth restriction, abnormal craniofacial structure, neurodevelopmental defects, and failed hepatopancreas maturation. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity potentiates the teratogenic effects of EAE on craniofacial structure, the nervous system, and the endoderm. Our studies identify the proteasome as a target of EtOH exposure and signify that UPS disruptions contribute to craniofacial, neurological, and endodermal phenotypes in FASDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Weeks
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bess M. Miller
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian J. Pepe-Mooney
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isaac M. Oderberg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott H. Freeburg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colton J. Smith
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trista E. North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morris V, Wang D, Li Z, Marion W, Hughes T, Sousa P, Harada T, Sui SH, Naumenko S, Kalfon J, Sensharma P, Falchetti M, Vinicius da Silva R, Candelli T, Schneider P, Margaritis T, Holstege FCP, Pikman Y, Harris M, Stam RW, Orkin SH, Koehler AN, Shalek AK, North TE, Pimkin M, Daley GQ, Lummertz da Rocha E, Rowe RG. Hypoxic, glycolytic metabolism is a vulnerability of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia-initiating cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110752. [PMID: 35476984 PMCID: PMC9099058 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk forms of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remain a therapeutic challenge. Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) self-renew and spark relapse and therefore have been the subject of intensive investigation; however, the properties of LICs in high-risk B-ALL are not well understood. Here, we use single-cell transcriptomics and quantitative xenotransplantation to understand LICs in MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) B-ALL. Compared with reported LIC frequencies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), engraftable LICs in MLL-r B-ALL are abundant. Although we find that multipotent, self-renewing LICs are enriched among phenotypically undifferentiated B-ALL cells, LICs with the capacity to replenish the leukemic cellular diversity can emerge from more mature fractions. While inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation blunts blast proliferation, this intervention promotes LIC emergence. Conversely, inhibiting hypoxia and glycolysis impairs MLL-r B-ALL LICs, providing a therapeutic benefit in xenotransplantation systems. These findings provide insight into the aggressive nature of MLL-r B-ALL and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and glycolysis. Morris et al. use single-cell transcriptomics to identify a candidate-initiating cell in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with rearrangement of the KMT2A/MLL1 locus (MLL-r), finding that this population is plastic and exists in a hypoxic state that can be pharmacologically targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Morris
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dahai Wang
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiheng Li
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Marion
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Travis Hughes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patricia Sousa
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taku Harada
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sergey Naumenko
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jérémie Kalfon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Prerana Sensharma
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcelo Falchetti
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Vinicius da Silva
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Tito Candelli
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Schneider
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yana Pikman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marian Harris
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ronald W Stam
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angela N Koehler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxim Pimkin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang D, Tanaka-Yano M, Meader E, Kinney MA, Morris V, Lummertz da Rocha E, Liu N, Liu T, Zhu Q, Orkin SH, North TE, Daley GQ, Rowe RG. Developmental maturation of the hematopoietic system controlled by a Lin28b-let-7-Cbx2 axis. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110587. [PMID: 35385744 PMCID: PMC9029260 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis changes over life to meet the demands of maturation and aging. Here, we find that the definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment is remodeled from gestation into adulthood, a process regulated by the heterochronic Lin28b/let-7 axis. Native fetal and neonatal HSPCs distribute with a pro-lymphoid/erythroid bias with a shift toward myeloid output in adulthood. By mining transcriptomic data comparing juvenile and adult HSPCs and reconstructing coordinately activated gene regulatory networks, we uncover the Polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1) component Cbx2 as an effector of Lin28b/let-7's control of hematopoietic maturation. We find that juvenile Cbx2-/- hematopoietic tissues show impairment of B-lymphopoiesis, a precocious adult-like myeloid bias, and that Cbx2/PRC1 regulates developmental timing of expression of key hematopoietic transcription factors. These findings define a mechanism of regulation of HSPC output via chromatin modification as a function of age with potential impact on age-biased pediatric and adult blood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Wang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mayuri Tanaka-Yano
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eleanor Meader
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melissa A Kinney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Vivian Morris
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianxin Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Grant Rowe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sugden WW, North TE. Making Blood from the Vessel: Extrinsic and Environmental Cues Guiding the Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101027. [PMID: 34685398 PMCID: PMC8539454 DOI: 10.3390/life11101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that specialized subsets of endothelial cells carry out unique functions in specific organs and regions of the vascular tree. Perhaps the most striking example of this specialization is the ability to contribute to the generation of the blood system, in which a distinct population of “hemogenic” endothelial cells in the embryo transforms irreversibly into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that produce circulating erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid cells for the lifetime of an animal. This review will focus on recent advances made in the zebrafish model organism uncovering the extrinsic and environmental factors that facilitate hemogenic commitment and the process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition that produces blood stem cells. We highlight in particular biomechanical influences of hemodynamic forces and the extracellular matrix, metabolic and sterile inflammatory cues present during this developmental stage, and outline new avenues opened by transcriptomic-based approaches to decipher cell–cell communication mechanisms as examples of key signals in the embryonic niche that regulate hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wade W. Sugden
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E. North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Osborne JK, Kinney MA, Han A, Akinnola KE, Yermalovich AV, Vo LT, Pearson DS, Sousa PM, Ratanasirintrawoot S, Tsanov KM, Barragan J, North TE, Metzger RJ, Daley GQ. Lin28 paralogs regulate lung branching morphogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109408. [PMID: 34289374 PMCID: PMC8371695 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that govern the choreographed timing of organ development remain poorly understood. Our investigation of the role of the Lin28a and Lin28b paralogs during the developmental process of branching morphogenesis establishes that dysregulation of Lin28a/b leads to abnormal branching morphogenesis in the lung and other tissues. Additionally, we find that the Lin28 paralogs, which regulate post-transcriptional processing of both mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), predominantly control mRNAs during the initial phases of lung organogenesis. Target mRNAs include Sox2, Sox9, and Etv5, which coordinate lung development and differentiation. Moreover, we find that functional interactions between Lin28a and Sox9 are capable of bypassing branching defects in Lin28a/b mutant lungs. Here, we identify Lin28a and Lin28b as regulators of early embryonic lung development, highlighting the importance of the timing of post-transcriptional regulation of both miRNAs and mRNAs at distinct stages of organogenesis. The timing of organogenesis is poorly understood. Here, Osborne et al. show that the Lin28 paralogs (Lin28a and Lin28b) regulate branching morphogenesis in a let-7-independent manner by directly binding to the mRNAs of Sox2, Sox9, and Etv5 to enhance their post-transcriptional processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihan K Osborne
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melissa A Kinney
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Areum Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kemi E Akinnola
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alena V Yermalovich
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel S Pearson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patricia M Sousa
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sutheera Ratanasirintrawoot
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaloyan M Tsanov
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Barragan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soto RA, Najia MAT, Hachimi M, Frame JM, Yette GA, Lummertz da Rocha E, Stankunas K, Daley GQ, North TE. Sequential regulation of hemogenic fate and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell formation from arterial endothelium by Ezh1/2. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1718-1734. [PMID: 34143974 PMCID: PMC8282472 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Across species, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise during embryogenesis from a specialized arterial population, termed hemogenic endothelium. Here, we describe a mechanistic role for the epigenetic regulator, Enhancer of zeste homolog-1 (Ezh1), in vertebrate HSPC production via regulation of hemogenic commitment. Loss of ezh1 in zebrafish embryos favored acquisition of hemogenic (gata2b) and HSPC (runx1) fate at the expense of the arterial program (ephrinb2a, dll4). In contrast, ezh1 overexpression blocked hematopoietic progression via maintenance of arterial gene expression. The related Polycomb group subunit, Ezh2, functioned in a non-redundant, sequential manner, whereby inhibition had no impact on arterial identity, but was capable of blocking ezh1-knockdown-associated HSPC expansion. Single-cell RNA sequencing across ezh1 genotypes revealed a dropout of ezh1+/− cells among arterial endothelium associated with positive regulation of gene transcription. Exploitation of Ezh1/2 modulation has potential functional relevance for improving in vitro HSPC differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cell sources. ezh1 loss increases HSPC and lymphoid progenitor formation during embryogenesis ezh1 loss promotes a developmental shift from arterial to hemogenic fate in the DA Ezh2 functions downstream of Ezh1-regulated arterial identity in HSPC commitment scRNA-seq confirms ezh1 loss modifies distinct arterial associated gene programs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Soto
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohamad Ali T Najia
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mariam Hachimi
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jenna M Frame
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriel A Yette
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
In this issue of Developmental Cell, Weinreb et al. reveal that loss of the DEAD-box helicase Ddx41 unexpectedly triggers an R-loop-mediated sterile inflammatory cascade which drives HSPC production during embryonic development. Human studies suggest mechanistic conservation for inflammation in DDX41-associated hematologic disease, uncovering a potential route for future therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Frame
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chaturantabut S, Shwartz A, Garnaas MK, LaBella K, Li CC, Carroll KJ, Cutting CC, Budrow N, Palaria A, Gorelick DA, Tremblay KD, North TE, Goessling W. Estrogen Acts Through Estrogen Receptor 2b to Regulate Hepatobiliary Fate During Vertebrate Development. Hepatology 2020; 72:1786-1799. [PMID: 32060934 PMCID: PMC8290048 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During liver development, bipotent progenitor cells differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells to ensure a functional liver required to maintain organismal homeostasis. The developmental cues controlling the differentiation of committed progenitors into these cell types, however, are incompletely understood. Here, we discover an essential role for estrogenic regulation in vertebrate liver development to affect hepatobiliary fate decisions. APPROACH AND RESULTS Exposure of zebrafish embryos to 17β-estradiol (E2) during liver development significantly decreased hepatocyte-specific gene expression, liver size, and hepatocyte number. In contrast, pharmacological blockade of estrogen synthesis or nuclear estrogen receptor (ESR) signaling enhanced liver size and hepatocyte marker expression. Transgenic reporter fish demonstrated nuclear ESR activity in the developing liver. Chemical inhibition and morpholino knockdown of nuclear estrogen receptor 2b (esr2b) increased hepatocyte gene expression and blocked the effects of E2 exposure. esr2b-/- mutant zebrafish exhibited significantly increased expression of hepatocyte markers with no impact on liver progenitors, other endodermal lineages, or vasculature. Significantly, E2-stimulated Esr2b activity promoted biliary epithelial differentiation at the expense of hepatocyte fate, whereas loss of esr2b impaired biliary lineage commitment. Chemical and genetic epistasis studies identified bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling as a mediator of the estrogen effects. The divergent impact of estrogen on hepatobiliary fate was confirmed in a human hepatoblast cell line, indicating the relevance of this pathway for human liver development. CONCLUSIONS Our studies identify E2, esr2b, and downstream BMP activity as important regulators of hepatobiliary fate decisions during vertebrate liver development. These results have significant clinical implications for liver development in infants exposed to abnormal estrogen levels or estrogenic compounds during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arkadi Shwartz
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maija K. Garnaas
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle LaBella
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Cheng Li
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelli J. Carroll
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire C. Cutting
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadine Budrow
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amrita Palaria
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A. Gorelick
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Tremblay
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Trista E. North
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Frame JM, Kubaczka C, Long TL, Esain V, Soto RA, Hachimi M, Jing R, Shwartz A, Goessling W, Daley GQ, North TE. Metabolic Regulation of Inflammasome Activity Controls Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Production. Dev Cell 2020; 55:133-149.e6. [PMID: 32810442 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) robustly proliferate while maintaining multilineage potential in vivo; however, an incomplete understanding of spatiotemporal cues governing their generation has impeded robust production from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. Using the zebrafish model, we demonstrate that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) signaling drives HSPC production in response to metabolic activity. Genetic induction of active IL1β or pharmacologic inflammasome stimulation increased HSPC number as assessed by in situ hybridization for runx1/cmyb and flow cytometry. Loss of inflammasome components, including il1b, reduced CD41+ HSPCs and prevented their expansion in response to metabolic cues. Cell ablation studies indicated that macrophages were essential for initial inflammasome stimulation of Il1rl1+ HSPCs. Significantly, in human iPSC-derived hemogenic precursors, transient inflammasome stimulation increased multilineage hematopoietic colony-forming units and T cell progenitors. This work establishes the inflammasome as a conserved metabolic sensor that expands HSPC production in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Frame
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline Kubaczka
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy L Long
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca A Soto
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariam Hachimi
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ran Jing
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arkadi Shwartz
- Genetics Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genetics Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen MJ, Lummertz da Rocha E, Cahan P, Kubaczka C, Hunter P, Sousa P, Mullin NK, Fujiwara Y, Nguyen M, Tan Y, Landry S, Han A, Yang S, Lu YF, Jha DK, Vo LT, Zhou Y, North TE, Zon LI, Daley GQ, Schlaeger TM. Transcriptome Dynamics of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Formation Revealed Using a Combinatorial Runx1 and Ly6a Reporter System. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:956-971. [PMID: 32302558 PMCID: PMC7220988 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development from pre-HSC-producing hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) are hampered by the rarity of these cells and the presence of other cell types with overlapping marker expression profiles. We generated a Tg(Runx1-mKO2; Ly6a-GFP) dual reporter mouse to visualize hematopoietic commitment and study pre-HSC emergence and maturation. Runx1-mKO2 marked all intra-arterial HECs and hematopoietic cluster cells (HCCs), including pre-HSCs, myeloid- and lymphoid progenitors, and HSCs themselves. However, HSC and lymphoid potential were almost exclusively found in reporter double-positive (DP) cells. Robust HSC activity was first detected in DP cells of the placenta, reflecting the importance of this niche for (pre-)HSC maturation and expansion before the fetal liver stage. A time course analysis by single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that as pre-HSCs mature into fetal liver stage HSCs, they show signs of interferon exposure, exhibit signatures of multi-lineage differentiation gene expression, and develop a prolonged cell cycle reminiscent of quiescent adult HSCs. A Runx1 and Ly6a dual reporter system identifies intra-arterial HECs Lymphoid and HSC potential is restricted to dual reporter double-positive cells The placenta is the first major niche for HSC maturation and expansion Single-cell RNA-seq analyses reveal early acquisition of a quiescent HSC phenotype
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Chen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Caroline Kubaczka
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Phoebe Hunter
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patricia Sousa
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathaniel K Mullin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minh Nguyen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuqi Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Samuel Landry
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Areum Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Song Yang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi-Fen Lu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar Jha
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lundin V, Sugden WW, Theodore LN, Sousa PM, Han A, Chou S, Wrighton PJ, Cox AG, Ingber DE, Goessling W, Daley GQ, North TE. YAP Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Formation in Response to the Biomechanical Forces of Blood Flow. Dev Cell 2020; 52:446-460.e5. [PMID: 32032546 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), first specified from hemogenic endothelium (HE) in the ventral dorsal aorta (VDA), support lifelong hematopoiesis. Their de novo production promises significant therapeutic value; however, current in vitro approaches cannot efficiently generate multipotent long-lived HSPCs. Presuming this reflects a lack of extrinsic cues normally impacting the VDA, we devised a human dorsal aorta-on-a-chip platform that identified Yes-activated protein (YAP) as a cyclic stretch-induced regulator of HSPC formation. In the zebrafish VDA, inducible Yap overexpression significantly increased runx1 expression in vivo and the number of CD41+ HSPCs downstream of HE specification. Endogenous Yap activation by lats1/2 knockdown or Rho-GTPase stimulation mimicked Yap overexpression and induced HSPCs in embryos lacking blood flow. Notably, in static human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived HE culture, compound-mediated YAP activation enhanced RUNX1 levels and hematopoietic colony-forming potential. Together, our findings reveal a potent impact of hemodynamic Rho-YAP mechanotransduction on HE fate, relevant to de novo human HSPC production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lundin
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wade W Sugden
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lindsay N Theodore
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Patricia M Sousa
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Areum Han
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephanie Chou
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paul J Wrighton
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew G Cox
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kinney MA, Vo LT, Frame JM, Barragan J, Conway AJ, Li S, Wong KK, Collins JJ, Cahan P, North TE, Lauffenburger DA, Daley GQ. Author Correction: A systems biology pipeline identifies regulatory networks for stem cell engineering. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:962. [PMID: 31312048 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of this article initially published, the second NIH grant "R24-DK49216" to author George Q. Daley contained an error. The grant number should have read U54DK110805. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Kinney
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenna M Frame
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Barragan
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashlee J Conway
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chaturantabut S, Shwartz A, Evason KJ, Cox AG, Labella K, Schepers AG, Yang S, Aravena M, Houvras Y, Mancio-Silva L, Romano S, Gorelick DA, Cohen DE, Zon LI, Bhatia SN, North TE, Goessling W. Estrogen Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 Regulates Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and mTOR Signaling to Promote Liver Growth in Zebrafish and Proliferation of Human Hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1788-1804.e13. [PMID: 30641053 PMCID: PMC6532055 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with cirrhosis are at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and often have increased serum levels of estrogen. It is not clear how estrogen promotes hepatic growth. We investigated the effects of estrogen on hepatocyte proliferation during zebrafish development, liver regeneration, and carcinogenesis. We also studied human hepatocytes and liver tissues. METHODS Zebrafish were exposed to selective modifiers of estrogen signaling at larval and adult stages. Liver growth was assessed by gene expression, fluorescent imaging, and histologic analyses. We monitored liver regeneration after hepatocyte ablation and HCC development after administration of chemical carcinogens (dimethylbenzanthrazene). Proliferation of human hepatocytes was measured in a coculture system. We measured levels of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) in HCC and nontumor liver tissues from 68 patients by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) increased proliferation of hepatocytes and liver volume and mass in larval and adult zebrafish. Chemical genetic and epistasis experiments showed that GPER1 mediates the effects of E2 via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway: gper1-knockout and mtor-knockout zebrafish did not increase liver growth in response to E2. HCC samples from patients had increased levels of GPER1 compared with nontumor tissue samples; estrogen promoted proliferation of human primary hepatocytes. Estrogen accelerated hepatocarcinogenesis specifically in male zebrafish. Chemical inhibition or genetic loss of GPER1 significantly reduced tumor development in the zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of zebrafish and human liver cells and tissues, we found GPER1 to be a hepatic estrogen sensor that regulates liver growth during development, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Inhibitors of GPER1 might be developed for liver cancer prevention or treatment. TRANSCRIPT PROFILING The accession number in the Gene Expression Omnibus is GSE92544.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saireudee Chaturantabut
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arkadi Shwartz
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Andrew G. Cox
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kyle Labella
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arnout G. Schepers
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marianna Aravena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Liliana Mancio-Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shannon Romano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel A. Gorelick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David E. Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland;,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts;,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts;,Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts;,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Trista E. North
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Divison of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rowe RG, Lummertz da Rocha E, Sousa P, Missios P, Morse M, Marion W, Yermalovich A, Barragan J, Mathieu R, Jha DK, Fleming MD, North TE, Daley GQ. The developmental stage of the hematopoietic niche regulates lineage in MLL-rearranged leukemia. J Exp Med 2019; 216:527-538. [PMID: 30728174 PMCID: PMC6400531 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia phenotypes vary with age of onset. Delineating mechanisms of age specificity in leukemia could improve disease models and uncover new therapeutic approaches. Here, we used heterochronic transplantation of leukemia driven by MLL/KMT2A translocations to investigate the contribution of the age of the hematopoietic microenvironment to age-specific leukemia phenotypes. When driven by MLL-AF9, leukemia cells in the adult microenvironment sustained a myeloid phenotype, whereas the neonatal microenvironment supported genesis of mixed early B cell/myeloid leukemia. In MLL-ENL leukemia, the neonatal microenvironment potentiated B-lymphoid differentiation compared with the adult. Ccl5 elaborated from adult marrow stroma inhibited B-lymphoid differentiation of leukemia cells, illuminating a mechanism of age-specific lineage commitment. Our study illustrates the contribution of the developmental stage of the hematopoietic microenvironment in defining the age specificity of leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Patricia Sousa
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Pavlos Missios
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Morse
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - William Marion
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Ronald Mathieu
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mark D Fleming
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oo ZM, Illendula A, Grembecka J, Schmidt C, Zhou Y, Esain V, Kwan W, Frost I, North TE, Rajewski RA, Speck NA, Bushweller JH. A tool compound targeting the core binding factor Runt domain to disrupt binding to CBFβ in leukemic cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:2188-2200. [PMID: 29249175 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1410882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The core binding factor (CBF) gene RUNX1 is a target of chromosomal translocations in leukemia, including t(8;21) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Normal CBF function is essential for activity of AML1-ETO, product of the t(8;21), and for survival of several leukemias lacking RUNX1 mutations. Using virtual screening and optimization, we developed Runt domain inhibitors which bind to the Runt domain and disrupt its interaction with CBFβ. On-target activity was demonstrated by the Runt domain inhibitors' ability to depress hematopoietic cell formation in zebrafish embryos, reduce growth and induce apoptosis of t(8;21) AML cell lines, and reduce progenitor activity of mouse and human leukemia cells harboring the t(8;21), but not normal bone marrow cells. Runt domain inhibitors had similar effects on murine and human T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines. Our results confirmed that Runt domain inhibitors might prove efficacious in various AMLs and in T-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaw Min Oo
- a Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- c Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- d Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Charles Schmidt
- c Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- c Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- e Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- e Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Isaura Frost
- e Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Trista E North
- e Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Roger A Rajewski
- f Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS , USA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- a Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - John H Bushweller
- c Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cortes M, Chen MJ, Stachura DL, Liu SY, Kwan W, Wright F, Vo LT, Theodore LN, Esain V, Frost IM, Schlaeger TM, Goessling W, Daley GQ, North TE. Developmental Vitamin D Availability Impacts Hematopoietic Stem Cell Production. Cell Rep 2017; 17:458-468. [PMID: 27705794 PMCID: PMC5338633 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency is a worldwide epidemic affecting billions of individuals, including pregnant women and children. Despite its high incidence, the impact of active vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D3) on embryonic development beyond osteo-regulation remains largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that 1,25(OH)D3 availability modulates zebrafish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) production. Loss of Cyp27b1-mediated biosynthesis or vitamin D receptor (VDR) function by gene knockdown resulted in significantly reduced runx1 expression and Flk1+cMyb+ HSPC numbers. Selective modulation in vivo and in vitro in zebrafish indicated that vitamin D3 acts directly on HSPCs, independent of calcium regulation, to increase proliferation. Notably, ex vivo treatment of human HSPCs with 1,25(OH)D3 also enhanced hematopoietic colony numbers, illustrating conservation across species. Finally, gene expression and epistasis analysis indicated that CXCL8 (IL-8) was a functional target of vitamin D3-mediated HSPC regulation. Together, these findings highlight the relevance of developmental 1,25(OH)D3 availability for definitive hematopoiesis and suggest potential therapeutic utility in HSPC expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - David L Stachura
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Francis Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay N Theodore
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Isaura M Frost
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Theodore LN, Hagedorn EJ, Cortes M, Natsuhara K, Liu SY, Perlin JR, Yang S, Daily ML, Zon LI, North TE. Distinct Roles for Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Emergence, Migration, and Niche Colonization. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1226-1241. [PMID: 28416284 PMCID: PMC5425629 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are formed during ontogeny from hemogenic endothelium in the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (VDA). Critically, the cellular mechanism(s) allowing HSPC egress and migration to secondary niches are incompletely understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are inflammation-responsive proteins that regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cellular interactions, and signaling. Here, inhibition of vascular-associated Mmp2 function caused accumulation of fibronectin-rich ECM, retention of runx1/cmyb+ HSPCs in the VDA, and delayed caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) colonization; these defects were absent in fibronectin mutants, indicating that Mmp2 facilitates endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition via ECM remodeling. In contrast, Mmp9 was dispensable for HSPC budding, being instead required for proper colonization of secondary niches. Significantly, these migration defects were mimicked by overexpression and blocked by knockdown of C-X-C motif chemokine-12 (cxcl12), suggesting that Mmp9 controls CHT homeostasis through chemokine regulation. Our findings indicate Mmp2 and Mmp9 play distinct but complementary roles in developmental HSPC production and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Theodore
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elliott J Hagedorn
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelsey Natsuhara
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie R Perlin
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Madeleine L Daily
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Abstract
Delineating the behaviour of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo has thus far proven challenging. Two studies in zebrafish and mouse models now track HSCs in vivo using fate mapping with multicolour approaches to provide further insights into clonal events that regulate blood development, HSC function and differentiation during homeostasis and stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, CLS 536, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Genetics and Gastroenterology Division, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, NRB 458, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lim SE, Esain V, Kwan W, Theodore LN, Cortes M, Frost IM, Liu SY, North TE. HIF1α-induced PDGFRβ signaling promotes developmental HSC production via IL-6 activation. Exp Hematol 2016; 46:83-95.e6. [PMID: 27751871 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to both self-renew and differentiate each of the mature blood cell lineages and thereby reconstitute the entire blood system. Therefore, HSCs are therapeutically valuable for treatment of hematological malignances and bone marrow failure. We showed recently that transient glucose elevation elicited dose-dependent effects on HSCs through elevated metabolic activity and subsequent reactive oxygen species-mediated induction of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (Hif1α). Platelet-Derived Growth Factor B (pdgfb), a Hif1α-target, and its receptor, pdgfrb, were significantly upregulated in response to metabolic stimulation. Although the function of PDGF signaling is well established in vascular development, its role in hematopoiesis is less understood. Exposure to either a pan-PDGF inhibitor or a PDGFRβ-selective antagonist in the context of Hif1α stimulation blocked elevations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation as determined by runx1;cmyb whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and HSPC-reporter flow cytometry analysis. Similar results were observed for morpholino (MO) knockdown of pdgfrb or dominant-negative pdgfrb expression, indicating that PDGFRβ signaling is a key downstream mediator of Hif1α-mediated induction of HSPCs. Notably, overexpression of Pdgfb ligand enhanced HSPC numbers in the aorta-gonado-mesonephros (AGM) at 36 hours postfertilization (hpf) and in the caudal hematopoietic tissue at 48 hpf. A survey of known PDGF-B/PDGFRβ regulatory targets by expression analysis revealed a significant increase in inflammatory intermediates, including Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and its receptor (IL-6R). MO-mediated knockdown of il6 or chemical inhibition of IL-6R antagonized the effect of Pdgfb overexpression. Furthermore, epistatic analysis of IL-6/IL-6R function confirmed activity downstream of Hif1α. Together, these findings define a Hif1α-regulated signaling axis mediated through PBFGB/PDGFRβ and IL-6/IL-6R that acts to control embryonic HSPC production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Lim
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsay N Theodore
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isaura M Frost
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Konantz M, Alghisi E, Müller JS, Lenard A, Esain V, Carroll KJ, Kanz L, North TE, Lengerke C. Evi1 regulates Notch activation to induce zebrafish hematopoietic stem cell emergence. EMBO J 2016; 35:2315-2331. [PMID: 27638855 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from aortic endothelial cells (ECs) through an intermediate stage called hemogenic endothelium by a process known as endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). While Notch signaling, including its upstream regulator Vegf, is known to regulate this process, the precise molecular control and temporal specificity of Notch activity remain unclear. Here, we identify the zebrafish transcriptional regulator evi1 as critically required for Notch-mediated EHT In vivo live imaging studies indicate that evi1 suppression impairs EC progression to hematopoietic fate and therefore HSC emergence. evi1 is expressed in ECs and induces these effects cell autonomously by activating Notch via pAKT Global or endothelial-specific induction of notch, vegf, or pAKT can restore endothelial Notch and HSC formations in evi1 morphants. Significantly, evi1 overexpression induces Notch independently of Vegf and rescues HSC numbers in embryos treated with a Vegf inhibitor. In sum, our results unravel evi1-pAKT as a novel molecular pathway that, in conjunction with the shh-vegf axis, is essential for activation of Notch signaling in VDA endothelial cells and their subsequent conversion to HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Alghisi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle S Müller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lenard
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Esain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelli J Carroll
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lothar Kanz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland .,Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Blood stem cells develop at successive sites in the vertebrate embryo, but the functional explanation for this behavior is unknown. Sigurdsson et al. (2016) provide justification for transient fetal liver residence, where select bile acid composition, derived from mother and embryo, provides a protective environment, enabling rapid stem cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Goessling
- Genetics and Gastroenterology Divisions, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Trista E North
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Theodore L, Cortes M, Natsuhara K, Liu S, Esain V, North TE. Distinct roles for matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in embryonic hematopoietic stem cell production. Exp Hematol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Nissim S, Weeks O, Talbot JC, Hedgepeth JW, Wucherpfennig J, Schatzman-Bone S, Swinburne I, Cortes M, Alexa K, Megason S, North TE, Amacher SL, Goessling W. Iterative use of nuclear receptor Nr5a2 regulates multiple stages of liver and pancreas development. Dev Biol 2016; 418:108-123. [PMID: 27474396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise progression of common endoderm progenitors into differentiated liver and pancreas organs is regulated by a dynamic array of signals that are not well understood. The nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2 gene nr5a2, also known as Liver receptor homolog-1 (Lrh-1) is expressed in several tissues including the developing liver and pancreas. Here, we interrogate the role of Nr5a2 at multiple developmental stages using genetic and chemical approaches and uncover novel pleiotropic requirements during zebrafish liver and pancreas development. Zygotic loss of nr5a2 in a targeted genetic null mutant disrupted the development of the exocrine pancreas and liver, while leaving the endocrine pancreas intact. Loss of nr5a2 abrogated exocrine pancreas markers such as trypsin, while pancreas progenitors marked by ptf1a or pdx1 remained unaffected, suggesting a role for Nr5a2 in regulating pancreatic acinar cell differentiation. In the developing liver, Nr5a2 regulates hepatic progenitor outgrowth and differentiation, as nr5a2 mutants exhibited reduced hepatoblast markers hnf4α and prox1 as well as differentiated hepatocyte marker fabp10a. Through the first in vivo use of Nr5a2 chemical antagonist Cpd3, the iterative requirement for Nr5a2 for exocrine pancreas and liver differentiation was temporally elucidated: chemical inhibition of Nr5a2 function during hepatopancreas progenitor specification was sufficient to disrupt exocrine pancreas formation and enhance the size of the embryonic liver, suggesting that Nr5a2 regulates hepatic vs. pancreatic progenitor fate choice. Chemical inhibition of Nr5a2 at a later time during pancreas and liver differentiation was sufficient to block the formation of mature acinar cells and hepatocytes. These findings define critical iterative and pleiotropic roles for Nr5a2 at distinct stages of pancreas and liver organogenesis, and provide novel perspectives for interpreting the role of Nr5a2 in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Nissim
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Weeks
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jared C Talbot
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John W Hedgepeth
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Wucherpfennig
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Ian Swinburne
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristen Alexa
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sharon L Amacher
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luis TC, Tremblay CS, Manz MG, North TE, King KY, Challen GA. Inflammatory signals in HSPC development and homeostasis: Too much of a good thing? Exp Hematol 2016; 44:908-12. [PMID: 27423816 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.06.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow and are responsible for the lifetime maintenance of the blood and bone marrow, achieved through their differentiation into the myriad cellular components and their ability to generate additional stem cells via self-renewal. Identification of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate how the HSC population is maintained over the lifespan of an organism, or those that trigger differentiation into mature hematopoietic cell types, are important goals for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have found that inflammatory signals play a role in the regulation of adult HSC homeostasis and tonic innate immune signals influence HSC development during embryogenesis. Additionally, dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the consequent impact of this on hematopoietic progenitors, may be a contributing factor to the hematopoietic defects that occur during aging and in patients with bone marrow failure syndromes or blood cancers. To update recent findings on this topic, the International Society for Experimental Hematology (ISEH) organized a webinar entitled "The Role of Inflammatory Signals in Embryonic HSC Development and Adult HSC Function," which we summarize here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago C Luis
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cedric S Tremblay
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Markus G Manz
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Katherine Y King
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Grant A Challen
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kwan W, Cortes M, Frost I, Esain V, Theodore LN, Liu SY, Budrow N, Goessling W, North TE. The Central Nervous System Regulates Embryonic HSPC Production via Stress-Responsive Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:370-82. [PMID: 27424782 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) specification is regulated by numerous defined factors acting locally within the hemogenic niche; however, it is unclear whether production can adapt to fluctuating systemic needs. Here we show that the CNS controls embryonic HSPC numbers via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) stress response axis. Exposure to serotonin or the reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine increased runx1 expression and Flk1(+)/cMyb(+) HSPCs independent of peripheral innervation. Inhibition of neuronal, but not peripheral, tryptophan hydroxlyase (Tph) persistently reduced HSPC number. Consistent with central HPA/I axis induction and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation, GR agonists enhanced, whereas GR loss diminished, HSPC formation. Significantly, developmental hypoxia, as indicated by Hif1α function, induced the HPA/I axis and cortisol production. Furthermore, Hif1α-stimulated HSPC enhancement was attenuated by neuronal tph or GR loss. Our data establish that embryonic HSC production responds to physiologic stress via CNS-derived serotonin synthesis and central feedback regulation to control HSC numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Kwan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaura Frost
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay N Theodore
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nadine Budrow
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu LY, Alexa K, Cortes M, Schatzman-Bone S, Kim AJ, Mukhopadhyay B, Cinar R, Kunos G, North TE, Goessling W. Cannabinoid receptor signaling regulates liver development and metabolism. Development 2016; 143:609-22. [PMID: 26884397 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid (EC) signaling mediates psychotropic effects and regulates appetite. By contrast, potential roles in organ development and embryonic energy consumption remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that genetic or chemical inhibition of cannabinoid receptor (Cnr) activity disrupts liver development and metabolic function in zebrafish (Danio rerio), impacting hepatic differentiation, but not endodermal specification: loss of cannabinoid receptor 1 (cnr1) and cnr2 activity leads to smaller livers with fewer hepatocytes, reduced liver-specific gene expression and proliferation. Functional assays reveal abnormal biliary anatomy and lipid handling. Adult cnr2 mutants are susceptible to hepatic steatosis. Metabolomic analysis reveals reduced methionine content in Cnr mutants. Methionine supplementation rescues developmental and metabolic defects in Cnr mutant livers, suggesting a causal relationship between EC signaling, methionine deficiency and impaired liver development. The effect of Cnr on methionine metabolism is regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factors (Srebfs), as their overexpression rescues Cnr mutant liver phenotypes in a methionine-dependent manner. Our work describes a novel developmental role for EC signaling, whereby Cnr-mediated regulation of Srebfs and methionine metabolism impacts liver development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Y Liu
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristen Alexa
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Kim
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bani Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Moore FE, Garcia EG, Lobbardi R, Jain E, Tang Q, Moore JC, Cortes M, Molodtsov A, Kasheta M, Luo CC, Garcia AJ, Mylvaganam R, Yoder JA, Blackburn JS, Sadreyev RI, Ceol CJ, North TE, Langenau DM. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of normal, aberrant, and malignant hematopoiesis in zebrafish. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2016. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2133oia95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
31
|
Moore FE, Garcia EG, Lobbardi R, Jain E, Tang Q, Moore JC, Cortes M, Molodtsov A, Kasheta M, Luo CC, Garcia AJ, Mylvaganam R, Yoder JA, Blackburn JS, Sadreyev RI, Ceol CJ, North TE, Langenau DM. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of normal, aberrant, and malignant hematopoiesis in zebrafish. J Exp Med 2016; 213:979-92. [PMID: 27139488 PMCID: PMC4886368 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20152013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Moore et al. reports the first single-cell gene expression analysis in zebrafish blood to distinguish major blood lineages, identify new cell types, and delineate heterogeneity in T cell leukemia. Hematopoiesis culminates in the production of functionally heterogeneous blood cell types. In zebrafish, the lack of cell surface antibodies has compelled researchers to use fluorescent transgenic reporter lines to label specific blood cell fractions. However, these approaches are limited by the availability of transgenic lines and fluorescent protein combinations that can be distinguished. Here, we have transcriptionally profiled single hematopoietic cells from zebrafish to define erythroid, myeloid, B, and T cell lineages. We also used our approach to identify hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and a novel NK-lysin 4+ cell type, representing a putative cytotoxic T/NK cell. Our platform also quantified hematopoietic defects in rag2E450fs mutant fish and showed that these fish have reduced T cells with a subsequent expansion of NK-lysin 4+ cells and myeloid cells. These data suggest compensatory regulation of the innate immune system in rag2E450fs mutant zebrafish. Finally, analysis of Myc-induced T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed that cells are arrested at the CD4+/CD8+ cortical thymocyte stage and that a subset of leukemia cells inappropriately reexpress stem cell genes, including bmi1 and cmyb. In total, our experiments provide new tools and biological insights into single-cell heterogeneity found in zebrafish blood and leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finola E Moore
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Elaine G Garcia
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Riadh Lobbardi
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Esha Jain
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Qin Tang
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - John C Moore
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aleksey Molodtsov
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Melissa Kasheta
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Christina C Luo
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Amaris J Garcia
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Ravi Mylvaganam
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Craig J Ceol
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David M Langenau
- Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129 Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kanz D, Konantz M, Alghisi E, North TE, Lengerke C. Endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition: Notch-ing vessels into blood. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1370:97-108. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Kanz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology; Harvard University; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Elisa Alghisi
- Department of Biomedicine; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Trista E. North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Division of Hematology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, zebrafish have proven to be a valuable model to dissect the signaling pathways involved in hematopoiesis, including Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell (HSPC) formation and homeostasis. Despite tremendous efforts to generate the tools necessary to characterize HSPCs in vitro and in vivo the zebrafish community still lacks standardized methods to quantify HSPCs across laboratories. Here, we describe three methods used routinely in our lab, and in others, to reliably enumerate HSPCs in zebrafish embryos: large-scale live imaging of transgenic reporter lines, Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), and in vitro cell culture. While live imaging and FACS analysis allows enumeration of total or site-specific HSPCs, the cell culture assay provides the unique opportunity to test the functional potential of isolated HSPCs, similar to those employed in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Esain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cortes M, Liu SY, Kwan W, Alexa K, Goessling W, North TE. Accumulation of the Vitamin D Precursor Cholecalciferol Antagonizes Hedgehog Signaling to Impair Hemogenic Endothelium Formation. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:471-9. [PMID: 26365513 PMCID: PMC4624955 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are born from hemogenic endothelium in the dorsal aorta. Specification of this hematopoietic niche is regulated by a signaling axis using Hedgehog (Hh) and Notch, which culminates in expression of Runx1 in the ventral wall of the artery. Here, we demonstrate that the vitamin D precursor cholecalciferol (D3) modulates HSPC production by impairing hemogenic vascular niche formation. Accumulation of D3 through exogenous treatment or inhibition of Cyp2r1, the enzyme required for D3 25-hydroxylation, results in Hh pathway antagonism marked by loss of Gli-reporter activation, defects in vascular niche identity, and reduced HSPCs. Mechanistic studies indicated the effect was specific to D3, and not active 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, acting on the extracellular sterol-binding domain of Smoothened. These findings highlight a direct impact of inefficient vitamin D synthesis on cell fate commitment and maturation in Hh-regulated tissues, which may have implications beyond hemogenic endothelium specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristen Alexa
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Konantz M, Müller J, Lenard A, Esain V, North TE, Lengerke C. The zebrafish homologue of the murine EVI1 gene critically regulates hsc development. Exp Hematol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Kwan W, Cortes M, Liu SY, Goessling W, North TE. Serotonin regulates HSC formation via glucocorticoid production from the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis. Exp Hematol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
37
|
Moore FE, Esain V, Lobbardi R, Blackburn JS, North TE, Langenau DM. Abstract A33: Role for the tumor suppressor phf6 in hematopoiesis. Clin Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.hemmal14-a33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Plant Home domain Finger 6 (PHF6) is a tumor suppressor of unknown function for blood malignancies such as T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL), Acute Myeloid leukemia (AML), and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). PHF6 contains two zinc finger-like PH domains and interacts with the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylation (NuRD) complex, suggesting a role in chromatin remodeling. Although PHF6 loss-of-function mutations are found in nearly 40% of T-ALL patients, little is known about how PHF6 mutations contribute to blood development and leukemogenesis. To understand the function of PHF6, beginning with its role in hematopoiesis, we have undertaken developmental studies in zebrafish to discover how loss of phf6 affects blood development and to determine which pathways are regulated by phf6. Zebrafish will be used to study hematopoiesis due to the remarkable conservation of molecular pathways that regulate blood development, genetic tractability, and ability to observe embryonic development over a short window of time. RNA in situ hybridization studies of zebrafish embryos showed that phf6 is expressed broadly during zebrafish development, and especially in the dorsal aorta, a site analogous to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) in mammals, from which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise. Further, phf6 is highly expressed in lymphocytes of adult zebrafish, reminiscent of the expression patterns found in human and mouse. To determine the effect of phf6 loss on hematopoiesis, phf6 expression was knocked down by morpholino injection. We find that phf6 morphants have increased numbers of HSCs by RNA in situ hybridization of runx1/cmyb in the AGM and caudal hematopoietic tissue ((CHT) analogous to mammalian fetal liver), sites of HSC emergence and migration. Later in development, phf6 morphants demonstrate increased lymphocytes by RNA in situ hybridization of rag1 at the thymus. Similar phenotypes were observed in homozygous phf6-null mutants generated by TALEN-mediated knockout. Phf6-null mutant zebrafish survive to Mendelian ratios and are fertile as adults. In total, we found a new role for phf6 in regulation of HSC formation.
Citation Format: Finola E. Moore, Virginie Esain, Riadh Lobbardi, Jessica S. Blackburn, Trista E. North, David M. Langenau. Role for the tumor suppressor phf6 in hematopoiesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr A33.
Collapse
|
38
|
Esain V, Kwan W, Carroll KJ, Cortes M, Liu SY, Frechette GM, Sheward LMV, Nissim S, Goessling W, North TE. Cannabinoid Receptor-2 Regulates Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development via Prostaglandin E2 and P-Selectin Activity. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2596-612. [PMID: 25931248 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids (CB) modulate adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPCs) function, however, impact on the production, expansion, or migration of embryonic HSCs is currently uncharacterized. Here, using chemical and genetic approaches targeting CB-signaling in zebrafish, we show that CB receptor (CNR) 2, but not CNR1, regulates embryonic HSC development. During HSC specification in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, CNR2 stimulation by AM1241 increased runx1;cmyb(+) HSPCs, through heightened proliferation, whereas CNR2 antagonism decreased HSPC number; FACS analysis and absolute HSC counts confirmed and quantified these effects. Epistatic investigations showed AM1241 significantly upregulated PGE2 synthesis in a Ptgs2-dependent manner to increase AGM HSCs. During the phases of HSC production and colonization of secondary niches, AM1241 accelerated migration to the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), the site of embryonic HSC expansion, and the thymus; however these effects occurred independently of PGE2. Using a candidate approach for HSC migration and retention factors, P-selectin was identified as the functional target of CNR2 regulation. Epistatic analyses confirmed migration of HSCs into the CHT and thymus was dependent on CNR2-regulated P-selectin activity. Together, these data suggest CNR2-signaling optimizes the production, expansion, and migration of embryonic HSCs by modulating multiple downstream signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Esain
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelli J Carroll
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory M Frechette
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lea M V Sheward
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sahar Nissim
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has the promise to alleviate morbidity and mortality caused by organ dysfunction, longstanding injury and trauma. Although regenerative approaches for a few diseases have been highly successful, some organs either do not regenerate well or have no current treatment approach to harness their intrinsic regenerative potential. In this Review, we describe the modeling of human disease and tissue repair in zebrafish, through the discovery of disease-causing genes using classical forward-genetic screens and by modulating clinically relevant phenotypes through chemical genetic screening approaches. Furthermore, we present an overview of those organ systems that regenerate well in zebrafish in contrast to mammalian tissue, as well as those organs in which the regenerative potential is conserved from fish to mammals, enabling drug discovery in preclinical disease-relevant models. We provide two examples from our own work in which the clinical translation of zebrafish findings is either imminent or has already proven successful. The promising results in multiple organs suggest that further insight into regenerative mechanisms and novel clinically relevant therapeutic approaches will emerge from zebrafish research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Trista E North
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li Y, Esain V, Teng L, Xu J, Kwan W, Frost IM, Yzaguirre AD, Cai X, Cortes M, Maijenburg MW, Tober J, Dzierzak E, Orkin SH, Tan K, North TE, Speck NA. Inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production. Genes Dev 2014; 28:2597-612. [PMID: 25395663 PMCID: PMC4248291 DOI: 10.1101/gad.253302.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, Li et al. show that inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation. HSCs from aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) regions of midgestation mouse embryos expressed a robust innate immune/inflammatory signature. Mouse embryos lacking interferon γ (IFN-γ )or IFN-α signaling and zebrafish lacking IFN-γ and IFN-ϕ activity had fewer AGM HSPCs. IRF2-occupied genes identified in human fetal liver CD34+ HSPCs were actively transcribed in human and mouse HSPCs. Identifying signaling pathways that regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation in the embryo will guide efforts to produce and expand HSPCs ex vivo. Here we show that sterile tonic inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic HSPC formation. Expression profiling of progenitors with lymphoid potential and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) regions of midgestation mouse embryos revealed a robust innate immune/inflammatory signature. Mouse embryos lacking interferon γ (IFN-γ) or IFN-α signaling and zebrafish morphants lacking IFN-γ and IFN-ϕ activity had significantly fewer AGM HSPCs. Conversely, knockdown of IFN regulatory factor 2 (IRF2), a negative regulator of IFN signaling, increased expression of IFN target genes and HSPC production in zebrafish. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) combined with sequencing (ChIP-seq) and expression analyses demonstrated that IRF2-occupied genes identified in human fetal liver CD34+ HSPCs are actively transcribed in human and mouse HSPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the primitive myeloid population contributes to the local inflammatory response to impact the scale of HSPC production in the AGM region. Thus, sterile inflammatory signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway regulating the production of HSPCs during embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Li Teng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Isaura M Frost
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda D Yzaguirre
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Xiongwei Cai
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Marijke W Maijenburg
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Joanna Tober
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Carroll KJ, Esain V, Garnaas MK, Cortes M, Dovey MC, Nissim S, Frechette GM, Liu SY, Kwan W, Cutting CC, Harris JM, Gorelick DA, Halpern ME, Lawson ND, Goessling W, North TE. Estrogen defines the dorsal-ventral limit of VEGF regulation to specify the location of the hemogenic endothelial niche. Dev Cell 2014; 29:437-53. [PMID: 24871948 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic control of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function is increasingly understood; however, less is known about the interactions specifying the embryonic hematopoietic niche. Here, we report that 17β-estradiol (E2) influences production of runx1+ HSPCs in the AGM region by antagonizing VEGF signaling and subsequent assignment of hemogenic endothelial (HE) identity. Exposure to exogenous E2 during vascular niche development significantly disrupted flk1+ vessel maturation, ephrinB2+ arterial identity, and specification of scl+ HE by decreasing expression of VEGFAa and downstream arterial Notch-pathway components; heat shock induction of VEGFAa/Notch rescued E2-mediated hematovascular defects. Conversely, repression of endogenous E2 activity increased somitic VEGF expression and vascular target regulation, shifting assignment of arterial/venous fate and HE localization; blocking E2 signaling allowed venous production of scl+/runx1+ cells, independent of arterial identity acquisition. Together, these data suggest that yolk-derived E2 sets the ventral boundary of hemogenic vascular niche specification by antagonizing the dorsal-ventral regulatory limits of VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli J Carroll
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maija K Garnaas
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael C Dovey
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sahar Nissim
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory M Frechette
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire C Cutting
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James M Harris
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan D Lawson
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Goessling W, North TE. Repairing quite swimmingly: advances in regenerative medicine using zebrafish. Development 2014. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.114751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Carroll KJ, North TE. Oceans of opportunity: exploring vertebrate hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:684-96. [PMID: 24816275 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of the zebrafish model in hematology research has surged in recent years, becoming one of the most useful and tractable systems for understanding regulation of hematopoietic development, homeostasis, and malignancy. Despite the evolutionary distance between zebrafish and humans, remarkable genetic and phenotypic conservation in the hematopoietic system has enabled significant advancements in our understanding of blood stem and progenitor cell biology. The strengths of zebrafish in hematology research lie in the ability to perform real-time in vivo observations of hematopoietic stem, progenitor, and effector cell emergence, expansion, and function, as well as the ease with which novel genetic and chemical modifiers of specific hematopoietic processes or cell types can be identified and characterized. Further, myriad transgenic lines have been developed including fluorescent reporter systems to aid in the visualization and quantification of specified cell types of interest and cell-lineage relationships, as well as effector lines that can be used to implement a wide range of experimental manipulations. As our understanding of the complex nature of blood stem and progenitor cell biology during development, in response to infection or injury, or in the setting of hematologic malignancy continues to deepen, zebrafish will remain essential for exploring the spatiotemporal organization and integration of these fundamental processes, as well as the identification of efficacious small molecule modifiers of hematopoietic activity. In this review, we discuss the biology of the zebrafish hematopoietic system, including similarities and differences from mammals, and highlight important tools currently utilized in zebrafish embryos and adults to enhance our understanding of vertebrate hematology, with emphasis on findings that have impacted our understanding of the onset or treatment of human hematologic disorders and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli J Carroll
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nissim S, Sherwood RI, Wucherpfennig J, Saunders D, Harris JM, Esain V, Carroll KJ, Frechette GM, Kim AJ, Hwang KL, Cutting CC, Elledge S, North TE, Goessling W. Prostaglandin E2 regulates liver versus pancreas cell-fate decisions and endodermal outgrowth. Dev Cell 2014; 28:423-37. [PMID: 24530296 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The liver and pancreas arise from common endodermal progenitors. How these distinct cell fates are specified is poorly understood. Here we describe prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a regulator of endodermal fate specification during development. Modulating PGE2 activity has opposing effects on liver versus pancreas specification in zebrafish embryos as well as mouse endodermal progenitors. The PGE2 synthetic enzyme cox2a and receptor ep2a are patterned such that cells closest to PGE2 synthesis acquire a liver fate, whereas more distant cells acquire a pancreas fate. PGE2 interacts with the bmp2b pathway to regulate fate specification. At later stages of development, PGE2 acting via the ep4a receptor promotes outgrowth of both the liver and pancreas. PGE2 remains important for adult organ growth, as it modulates liver regeneration. This work provides in vivo evidence that PGE2 may act as a morphogen to regulate cell-fate decisions and outgrowth of the embryonic endodermal anlagen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Nissim
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Diane Saunders
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James M Harris
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelli J Carroll
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory M Frechette
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J Kim
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katie L Hwang
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire C Cutting
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susanna Elledge
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cox AG, Saunders DC, Kelsey PB, Conway AA, Tesmenitsky Y, Marchini JF, Brown KK, Stamler JS, Colagiovanni DB, Rosenthal GJ, Croce KJ, North TE, Goessling W. S-nitrosothiol signaling regulates liver development and improves outcome following toxic liver injury. Cell Rep 2014; 6:56-69. [PMID: 24388745 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic liver injury is a leading cause of liver failure and death because of the organ's inability to regenerate amidst massive cell death, and few therapeutic options exist. The mechanisms coordinating damage protection and repair are poorly understood. Here, we show that S-nitrosothiols regulate liver growth during development and after injury in vivo; in zebrafish, nitric-oxide (NO) enhanced liver formation independently of cGMP-mediated vasoactive effects. After acetaminophen (APAP) exposure, inhibition of the enzymatic regulator S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) minimized toxic liver damage, increased cell proliferation, and improved survival through sustained activation of the cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway. Preclinical studies of APAP injury in GSNOR-deficient mice confirmed conservation of hepatoprotective properties of S-nitrosothiol signaling across vertebrates; a GSNOR-specific inhibitor improved liver histology and acted with the approved therapy N-acetylcysteine to expand the therapeutic time window and improve outcome. These studies demonstrate that GSNOR inhibitors will be beneficial therapeutic candidates for treating liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Cox
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter B Kelsey
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allie A Conway
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yevgenia Tesmenitsky
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julio F Marchini
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harrington Discovery Institute, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin J Croce
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu LY, Fox CS, North TE, Goessling W. Functional validation of GWAS gene candidates for abnormal liver function during zebrafish liver development. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:1271-8. [PMID: 23813869 PMCID: PMC3759346 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.011726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed numerous associations between many phenotypes and gene candidates. Frequently, however, further elucidation of gene function has not been achieved. A recent GWAS identified 69 candidate genes associated with elevated liver enzyme concentrations, which are clinical markers of liver disease. To investigate the role of these genes in liver homeostasis, we narrowed down this list to 12 genes based on zebrafish orthology, zebrafish liver expression and disease correlation. To assess the function of gene candidates during liver development, we assayed hepatic progenitors at 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) and hepatocytes at 72 hpf using in situ hybridization following morpholino knockdown in zebrafish embryos. Knockdown of three genes (pnpla3, pklr and mapk10) decreased expression of hepatic progenitor cells, whereas knockdown of eight genes (pnpla3, cpn1, trib1, fads2, slc2a2, pklr, mapk10 and samm50) decreased cell-specific hepatocyte expression. We then induced liver injury in zebrafish embryos using acetaminophen exposure and observed changes in liver toxicity incidence in morphants. Prioritization of GWAS candidates and morpholino knockdown expedites the study of newly identified genes impacting liver development and represents a feasible method for initial assessment of candidate genes to instruct further mechanistic analyses. Our analysis can be extended to GWAS for additional disease-associated phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Y Liu
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cox AG, Beltz S, Evason K, Stainier DY, North TE, Goessling W. Abstract 1574: The Hippo pathway regulates liver development and tumorigenesis in zebrafish. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a novel signaling cascade that regulates cell proliferation, organ size and tumorigenesis in mammals. In mice, deregulation of the Hippo pathway in the liver has been shown to potently induce tumor formation. However, the molecular mechanism by which the Hippo pathway regulates hepatic growth is not well understood. In this study, we have examined liver development in NF2-/- mutant zebrafish, which exhibit systemic activation of Yap, and found that liver size was increased by 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Histological evaluation of the NF2-/- mutant zebrafish embryos revealed that the enlarged liver was composed of an extended biliary network. In order to examine the cell-autonomous effects of Yap activation in hepatocytes, we generated Tg(fabp10a:YapS87A) fish and found that liver size increased dramatically by 5 dpf. In contrast to the NF2-/- mutant, histological and FACS analysis revealed that the enlarged liver in the Tg(fabp10a:YapS87A) embryos was composed of a greater number of hepatocytes. Chemical exposure to the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT or erlotinib rescued the hepatomegaly phenotype in 5 dpf Tg(fabp10a:YapS87A) embryos, indicating dependence on Notch and EGFR signaling pathways. To gain greater insight into how these developmental studies relate to tumorigenesis, we compared NF2+/- mutants and Tg(fabp10a:YapS87A) adults and found that both lines were predisposed to liver tumor formation, developing predominantly intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Together, these studies reveal an evolutionarily conserved role of the Hippo pathway at the interface between liver development and tumorigenesis in zebrafish.
Citation Format: Andrew G. Cox, Sebastian Beltz, Kimberley Evason, Didier Y. Stainier, Trista E. North, Wolfram Goessling. The Hippo pathway regulates liver development and tumorigenesis in zebrafish. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1574. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1574
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Cox
- 1Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sebastian Beltz
- 1Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kimberley Evason
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Didier Y. Stainier
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Trista E. North
- 3Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Garnaas MK, Cutting CC, Meyers A, Kelsey PB, Harris JM, North TE, Goessling W. Rargb regulates organ laterality in a zebrafish model of right atrial isomerism. Dev Biol 2012; 372:178-89. [PMID: 22982668 PMCID: PMC3697125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Developmental signals determine organ morphology and position during embryogenesis. To discover novel modifiers of liver development, we performed a chemical genetic screen in zebrafish and identified retinoic acid as a positive regulator of hepatogenesis. Knockdown of the four RA receptors revealed that all receptors affect liver formation, however specific receptors exert differential effects. Rargb knockdown results in bilateral livers but does not impact organ size, revealing a unique role for Rargb in conferring left-right positional information. Bilateral populations of hepatoblasts are detectable in rargb morphants, indicating Rargb acts during hepatic specification to position the liver, and primitive endoderm is competent to form liver on both sides. Hearts remain at the midline and gut looping is perturbed in rargb morphants, suggesting Rargb affects lateral plate mesoderm migration. Overexpression of Bmp during somitogenesis similarly results in bilateral livers and midline hearts, and inhibition of Bmp signaling rescues the rargb morphant phenotype, indicating Rargb functions upstream of Bmp to regulate organ sidedness. Loss of rargb causes biliary and organ laterality defects as well as asplenia, paralleling symptoms of the human condition right atrial isomerism. Our findings uncover a novel role for RA in regulating organ laterality and provide an animal model of one form of human heterotaxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maija K Garnaas
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cooney JD, Hildick-Smith GJ, Shafizadeh E, McBride PF, Carroll KJ, Anderson H, Shaw GC, Tamplin OJ, Branco DS, Dalton AJ, Shah DI, Wong C, Gallagher PG, Zon LI, North TE, Paw BH. Teleost growth factor independence (gfi) genes differentially regulate successive waves of hematopoiesis. Dev Biol 2012; 373:431-41. [PMID: 22960038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Growth Factor Independence (Gfi) transcription factors play essential roles in hematopoiesis, differentially activating and repressing transcriptional programs required for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) development and lineage specification. In mammals, Gfi1a regulates hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), myeloid and lymphoid populations, while its paralog, Gfi1b, regulates HSC, megakaryocyte and erythroid development. In zebrafish, gfi1aa is essential for primitive hematopoiesis; however, little is known about the role of gfi1aa in definitive hematopoiesis or about additional gfi factors in zebrafish. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an additional hematopoietic gfi factor, gfi1b. We show that gfi1aa and gfi1b are expressed in the primitive and definitive sites of hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Our functional analyses demonstrate that gfi1aa and gfi1b have distinct roles in regulating primitive and definitive hematopoietic progenitors, respectively. Loss of gfi1aa silences markers of early primitive progenitors, scl and gata1. Conversely, loss of gfi1b silences runx-1, c-myb, ikaros and cd41, indicating that gfi1b is required for definitive hematopoiesis. We determine the epistatic relationships between the gfi factors and key hematopoietic transcription factors, demonstrating that gfi1aa and gfi1b join lmo2, scl, runx-1 and c-myb as critical regulators of teleost HSPC. Our studies establish a comparative paradigm for the regulation of hematopoietic lineages by gfi transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Cooney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|