1
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Venetos NM, Stomberski CT, Qian Z, Premont RT, Stamler JS. Activation of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase by S-nitrosylation in response to diet. J Lipid Res 2024:100542. [PMID: 38641009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), produced primarily by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, is known to influence energy metabolism by stimulating fat uptake and oxidation. The effects of NO on de novo lipogenesis, however, are less clear. Here we demonstrate that hepatic expression of eNOS is reduced following prolonged administration of a hypercaloric high-fat diet. This results in marked reduction in the amount of S-nitrosylation of liver proteins including notably Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo lipogenesis. We further show that ACC S-nitrosylation markedly increases enzymatic activity. Diminished eNOS expression and ACC S-nitrosylation may thus represent a physiological adaptation to caloric excess by constraining lipogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that S-nitrosylation of liver proteins is subject to dietary control and suggest that de novo lipogenesis is coupled to dietary and metabolic conditions through ACC S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Venetos
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Colin T Stomberski
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA.
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2
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Zhou HL, Grimmett ZW, Venetos NM, Stomberski CT, Qian Z, McLaughlin PJ, Bansal PK, Zhang R, Reynolds JD, Premont RT, Stamler JS. An enzyme that selectively S-nitrosylates proteins to regulate insulin signaling. Cell 2023; 186:5812-5825.e21. [PMID: 38056462 PMCID: PMC10794992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) species are cofactors for numerous enzymes that acylate thousands of proteins. Here, we describe an enzyme that uses S-nitroso-CoA (SNO-CoA) as its cofactor to S-nitrosylate multiple proteins (SNO-CoA-assisted nitrosylase, SCAN). Separate domains in SCAN mediate SNO-CoA and substrate binding, allowing SCAN to selectively catalyze SNO transfer from SNO-CoA to SCAN to multiple protein targets, including the insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). Insulin-stimulated S-nitrosylation of INSR/IRS1 by SCAN reduces insulin signaling physiologically, whereas increased SCAN activity in obesity causes INSR/IRS1 hypernitrosylation and insulin resistance. SCAN-deficient mice are thus protected from diabetes. In human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, SCAN expression increases with body mass index and correlates with INSR S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation by SCAN/SNO-CoA thus defines a new enzyme class, a unique mode of receptor tyrosine kinase regulation, and a revised paradigm for NO function in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zachary W Grimmett
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas M Venetos
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Colin T Stomberski
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Precious J McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Puneet K Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James D Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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3
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Seth P, Hausladen A, Premont RT, Stamler JS. Protocol for preparing Thiopropyl Sepharose resin used for capturing S-nitrosylated proteins. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102430. [PMID: 37925633 PMCID: PMC10652206 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosothiol (SNO)-Resin Assisted Capture (SNO-RAC) relies on a Thiopropyl Sepharose resin to identify S-nitrosylated proteins (SNO-proteins) and sites of S-nitrosylation. Here, we present a protocol for preparing Thiopropyl Sepharose resin with efficiency of SNO-protein capture comparable to the discontinued commercial version. We describe steps for amine coupling, disulfide reduction, and generation of thiol reactive resin. We then detail quality control procedures. This resin is also suitable for Acyl-RAC assays to capture palmitoylated proteins. For complete details on the use and execution of the SNO-RAC protocol, please refer to Forrester et al.,1 Fonseca et al.,2 and Seth et al.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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4
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Seth D, Stomberski CT, McLaughlin PJ, Premont RT, Lundberg K, Stamler JS. Comparison of the Nitric Oxide Synthase Interactomes and S-Nitroso-Proteomes: Furthering the Case for Enzymatic S-Nitrosylation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:621-634. [PMID: 37053107 PMCID: PMC10619892 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Aims: S-nitrosylation of proteins is the main mechanism through which nitric oxide (NO) regulates cellular function and likely represents the archetype redox-based signaling system across aerobic and anaerobic organisms. How NO generated by different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms leads to specificity of S-nitrosylation remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify proteins interacting with, and whose S-nitrosylation is mediated by, human NOS isoforms in the same cellular system, thereby illuminating the contribution of individual NOSs to specificity. Results: Of the hundreds of proteins interacting with each NOS, many were also S-nitrosylated. However, a large proportion of S-nitrosylated proteins (SNO-proteins) did not associate with NOS. Moreover, most NOS interactors and SNO-proteins were unique to each isoform. The amount of NO produced by each NOS isoform was unrelated to the numbers of SNO-proteins. Thus, NOSs promoted S-nitrosylation of largely distinct sets of target proteins. Different signaling pathways were enriched downstream of each NOS. Innovation and Conclusion: The interactomes and SNOomes of individual NOS isoforms were largely distinct. Only a small fraction of SNO-proteins interacted with their respective NOS. Amounts of S-nitrosylation were unrelated to the amount of NO generated by NOSs. These data argue against free diffusion of NO or NOS interactions as being necessary or sufficient for S-nitrosylation and favor roles for additional enzymes and/or regulatory elements in imparting SNO-protein specificity. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 621-634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Seth
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Colin T. Stomberski
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Precious J. McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathleen Lundberg
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Zhou HL, Hausladen A, Anand P, Rajavel M, Stomberski CT, Zhang R, Premont RT, Greenlee WJ, van den Akker F, Stamler JS. Identification of a Selective SCoR2 Inhibitor That Protects Against Acute Kidney Injury. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5657-5668. [PMID: 37027003 PMCID: PMC10416317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and no drugs are available clinically. Metabolic reprogramming resulting from the deletion of S-nitroso-coenzyme A reductase 2 (SCoR2; AKR1A1) protects mice against AKI, identifying SCoR2 as a potential drug target. Of the few known inhibitors of SCoR2, none are selective versus the related oxidoreductase AKR1B1, limiting therapeutic utility. To identify SCoR2 (AKR1A1) inhibitors with selectivity versus AKR1B1, analogs of the nonselective (dual 1A1/1B1) inhibitor imirestat were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Among 57 compounds, JSD26 has 10-fold selectivity for SCoR2 versus AKR1B1 and inhibits SCoR2 potently through an uncompetitive mechanism. When dosed orally to mice, JSD26 inhibited SNO-CoA metabolic activity in multiple organs. Notably, intraperitoneal injection of JSD26 in mice protected against AKI through S-nitrosylation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), whereas imirestat was not protective. Thus, selective inhibition of SCoR2 has therapeutic potential to treat acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Puneet Anand
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Malligarjunan Rajavel
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Colin T. Stomberski
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - William J. Greenlee
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Focco van den Akker
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
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6
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Reynolds JD, Posina K, Zhu L, Jenkins T, Matto F, Hausladen A, Kashyap V, Schilz R, Zhang R, Mannick J, Klickstein L, Premont RT, Stamler JS. Control of tissue oxygenation by S-nitrosohemoglobin in human subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220769120. [PMID: 36812211 PMCID: PMC9992850 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220769120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) is unique among vasodilators in coupling blood flow to tissue oxygen requirements, thus fulfilling an essential function of the microcirculation. However, this essential physiology has not been tested clinically. Reactive hyperemia following limb ischemia/occlusion is a standard clinical test of microcirculatory function, which has been ascribed to endothelial nitric oxide (NO). However, endothelial NO does not control blood flow governing tissue oxygenation, presenting a major quandary. Here we show in mice and humans that reactive hyperemic responses (i.e., reoxygenation rates following brief ischemia/occlusion) are in fact dependent on SNO-Hb. First, mice deficient in SNO-Hb (i.e., carrying C93A mutant Hb refractory to S-nitrosylation) showed blunted muscle reoxygenation rates and persistent limb ischemia during reactive hyperemia testing. Second, in a diverse group of humans-including healthy subjects and patients with various microcirculatory disorders-strong correlations were found between limb reoxygenation rates following occlusion and both arterial SNO-Hb levels (n = 25; P = 0.042) and SNO-Hb/total HbNO ratios (n = 25; P = 0.009). Secondary analyses showed that patients with peripheral artery disease had significantly reduced SNO-Hb levels and blunted limb reoxygenation rates compared with healthy controls (n = 8 to 11/group; P < 0.05). Low SNO-Hb levels were also observed in sickle cell disease, where occlusive hyperemic testing was deemed contraindicated. Altogether, our findings provide both genetic and clinical support for the role of red blood cells in a standard test of microvascular function. Our results also suggest that SNO-Hb is a biomarker and mediator of blood flow governing tissue oxygenation. Thus, increases in SNO-Hb may improve tissue oxygenation in patients with microcirculatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Reynolds
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- The Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
- The Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Kanna Posina
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- The Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Trevor Jenkins
- The Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Faisal Matto
- The Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- The Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Vikram Kashyap
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Robert Schilz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Rongli Zhang
- The Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Joan Mannick
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA02139
| | | | - Richard T. Premont
- The Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
- The Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- The Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
- The Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
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7
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Stomberski CT, Venetos NM, Zhou HL, Qian Z, Collison BR, Field SJ, Premont RT, Stamler JS. A multienzyme S-nitrosylation cascade regulates cholesterol homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111538. [PMID: 36288700 PMCID: PMC9667709 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that protein S-nitrosylation is enzymatically regulated and that specificity in S-nitrosylation derives from dedicated S-nitrosylases and denitrosylases that conjugate and remove S-nitrosothiols, respectively. Here, we report that mice deficient in the protein denitrosylase SCoR2 (S-nitroso-Coenzyme A Reductase 2; AKR1A1) exhibit marked reductions in serum cholesterol due to reduced secretion of the cholesterol-regulating protein PCSK9. SCoR2 associates with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) secretory machinery to control an S-nitrosylation cascade involving ER cargo-selection proteins SAR1 and SURF4, which moonlight as S-nitrosylases. SAR1 acts as a SURF4 nitrosylase and SURF4 as a PCSK9 nitrosylase to inhibit PCSK9 secretion, while SCoR2 counteracts nitrosylase activity by promoting PCSK9 denitrosylation. Inhibition of PCSK9 by an NO-based drug requires nitrosylase activity, and small-molecule inhibition of SCoR2 phenocopies the PCSK9-mediated reductions in cholesterol observed in SCoR2-deficient mice. Our results reveal enzymatic machinery controlling cholesterol levels through S-nitrosylation and suggest a distinct treatment paradigm for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Stomberski
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicholas M Venetos
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Bryce R Collison
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Seth J Field
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA.
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8
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Fonseca FV, Raffay TM, Xiao K, McLaughlin PJ, Qian Z, Grimmett ZW, Adachi N, Wang B, Hausladen A, Cobb BA, Zhang R, Hess DT, Gaston B, Lambert NA, Reynolds JD, Premont RT, Stamler JS. S-nitrosylation is required for β 2AR desensitization and experimental asthma. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3089-3102.e7. [PMID: 35931084 PMCID: PMC9391322 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), a prototypic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a powerful driver of bronchorelaxation, but the effectiveness of β-agonist drugs in asthma is limited by desensitization and tachyphylaxis. We find that during activation, the β2AR is modified by S-nitrosylation, which is essential for both classic desensitization by PKA as well as desensitization of NO-based signaling that mediates bronchorelaxation. Strikingly, S-nitrosylation alone can drive β2AR internalization in the absence of traditional agonist. Mutant β2AR refractory to S-nitrosylation (Cys265Ser) exhibits reduced desensitization and internalization, thereby amplifying NO-based signaling, and mice with Cys265Ser mutation are resistant to bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and the development of asthma. S-nitrosylation is thus a central mechanism in β2AR signaling that may be operative widely among GPCRs and targeted for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio V Fonseca
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thomas M Raffay
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Precious J McLaughlin
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zachary W Grimmett
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Naoko Adachi
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benlian Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brian A Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Douglas T Hess
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - James D Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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9
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Hausladen A, Qian Z, Zhang R, Premont RT, Stamler JS. Optimized S-nitrosohemoglobin synthesis in red blood cells to preserve hypoxic vasodilation via βCys93. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:1-10. [PMID: 35512801 PMCID: PMC10389762 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic physiology links tissue hypoxia to oxygen delivery through control of microvascular blood flow (autoregulation of blood flow). Hemoglobin (Hb) serves both as the source of oxygen and the mediator of microvascular blood flow through its ability to release vasodilatory S-nitrosothiol (SNO) in proportion to degree of hypoxia. β-globin Cys93Ala (βCys93Ala) mutant mice deficient in S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) show profound deficits in microvascular blood flow and tissue oxygenation that recapitulate microcirculatory dysfunction in multiple clinical conditions. However, the means to replete SNO in mouse RBCs in order to restore RBC function is not known. In particular, while methods have been developed to selectively S-nitrosylate βCys93 in human Hb and intact human RBCs, conditions have not been optimized for mouse RBCs that are used experimentally. Here we show that loading SNO onto Hb in mouse RBC lysates can be achieved with high stoichiometry and β-globin selectivity. However, S-nitrosylation of Hb within intact mouse RBCs is ineffective under conditions that work well with human RBCs, and levels of metHb are prohibitively high. We develop an optimized method that loads SNO in mouse RBCs to maintain vasodilation under hypoxia and show that loss of SNO loading in βCys93Ala mutant RBCs results in reduced vasodilation. We also demonstrate that differences in SNO/met/nitrosyl Hb stoichiometry can account for differences in RBC function among studies. RBCs loaded with quasi-physiological amounts of SNO-Hb will produce vasodilation proportionate to hypoxia, whereas RBCs loaded with higher amounts lose allosteric regulation, thus inducing vasodilation at both high and low oxygen level. Significance Statement Red blood cells from mice exhibit poor hemoglobin S-nitrosylation under conditions used for human RBCs, frustrating tests of vasodilatory activity. Using an optimized S-nitrosylation protocol, mouse RBCs exhibit hypoxic vasodilation that is significantly reduced in hemoglobin ββCys93Ala mutant RBCs that cannot carry S-nitrosothiol allosterically, providing genetic validation for the role of bCys93 in oxygen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
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10
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Nazemian R, Matta M, Aldamouk A, Zhu L, Awad M, Pophal M, Palmer NR, Armes T, Hausladen A, Stamler JS, Reynolds JD. S-Nitrosylated hemoglobin predicts organ yield in neurologically-deceased human donors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6639. [PMID: 35459243 PMCID: PMC9033847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Current human donor care protocols following death by neurologic criteria (DNC) can stabilize macro-hemodynamic parameters but have minimal ability to preserve systemic blood flow and microvascular oxygen delivery. S-nitrosylated hemoglobin (SNO-Hb) within red blood cells (RBCs) is the main regulator of tissue oxygenation (StO2). Based on various pre-clinical studies, we hypothesized that brain death (BD) would decrease post-mortem SNO-Hb levels to negatively-impact StO2 and reduce organ yields. We tracked SNO-Hb and tissue oxygen in 61 DNC donors. After BD, SNO-Hb levels were determined to be significantly decreased compared to healthy humans (p = 0·003) and remained reduced for the duration of the monitoring period. There was a positive correlation between SNO-Hb and StO2 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, SNO-Hb levels correlated with and were prognostic for the number of organs transplanted (p < 0.001). These clinical findings provide additional support for the concept that BD induces a systemic impairment of S-nitrosylation that negatively impacts StO2 and reduces organ yield from DNC human donors. Exogenous S-nitrosylating agents are in various stages of clinical development. The results presented here suggest including one or more of these agents in donor support regimens could increase the number and quality of organs available for transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Nazemian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maroun Matta
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amer Aldamouk
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Awad
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Megan Pophal
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicole R Palmer
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tonya Armes
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, 4-128 Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - James D Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, 4-128 Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Insulin, which is released by pancreatic islet β-cells in response to elevated levels of glucose in the blood, is a critical regulator of metabolism. Insulin triggers the uptake of glucose and fatty acids into the liver, adipose tissue and muscle, and promotes the storage of these nutrients in the form of glycogen and lipids. Dysregulation of insulin synthesis, secretion, transport, degradation or signal transduction all cause failure to take up and store nutrients, resulting in type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction. In this Review, we make the case that insulin signalling is intimately coupled to protein S-nitrosylation, in which nitric oxide groups are conjugated to cysteine thiols to form S-nitrosothiols, within effectors of insulin action. We discuss the role of S-nitrosylation in the life cycle of insulin, from its synthesis and secretion in pancreatic β-cells, to its signalling and degradation in target tissues. Finally, we consider how aberrant S-nitrosylation contributes to metabolic diseases, including the roles of human genetic mutations and cellular events that alter S-nitrosylation of insulin-regulating proteins. Given the growing influence of S-nitrosylation in cellular metabolism, the field of metabolic signalling could benefit from renewed focus on S-nitrosylation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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12
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Zhang R, Hausladen A, Qian Z, Liao X, Premont RT, Stamler JS. Hypoxic vasodilatory defect and pulmonary hypertension in mice lacking hemoglobin β-cysteine93 S-nitrosylation. JCI Insight 2021; 7:155234. [PMID: 34914637 PMCID: PMC8855790 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypoxia is characterized by peripheral vasodilation and pulmonary vasoconstriction. However, the system-wide mechanism for signaling hypoxia remains unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that hemoglobin (Hb) in RBCs may serve as an O2 sensor and O2-responsive NO signal transducer to regulate systemic and pulmonary vascular tone, but this remains unexamined at the integrated system level. One residue invariant in mammalian Hbs, β-globin cysteine93 (βCys93), carries NO as vasorelaxant S-nitrosothiol (SNO) to autoregulate blood flow during O2 delivery. βCys93Ala mutant mice thus exhibit systemic hypoxia despite transporting O2 normally. Here, we show that βCys93Ala mutant mice had reduced S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) at baseline and upon targeted SNO repletion and that hypoxic vasodilation by RBCs was impaired in vitro and in vivo, recapitulating hypoxic pathophysiology. Notably, βCys93Ala mutant mice showed marked impairment of hypoxic peripheral vasodilation and developed signs of pulmonary hypertension with age. Mutant mice also died prematurely with cor pulmonale (pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular dysfunction) when living under low O2. Altogether, we identify a major role for RBC SNO in clinically relevant vasodilatory responses attributed previously to endothelial NO. We conclude that SNO-Hb transduces the integrated, system-wide response to hypoxia in the mammalian respiratory cycle, expanding a core physiological principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Zhang
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Xudong Liao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
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13
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Premont RT, Singel DJ, Stamler JS. The enzymatic function of the honorary enzyme: S-nitrosylation of hemoglobin in physiology and medicine. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 84:101056. [PMID: 34852941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The allosteric transition within tetrameric hemoglobin (Hb) that allows both full binding to four oxygen molecules in the lung and full release of four oxygens in hypoxic tissues would earn Hb the moniker of 'honorary enzyme'. However, the allosteric model for oxygen binding in hemoglobin overlooked the essential role of blood flow in tissue oxygenation that is essential for life (aka autoregulation of blood flow). That is, blood flow, not oxygen content of blood, is the principal determinant of oxygen delivery under most conditions. With the discovery that hemoglobin carries a third biologic gas, nitric oxide (NO) in the form of S-nitrosothiol (SNO) at β-globin Cys93 (βCys93), and that formation and export of SNO to dilate blood vessels are linked to hemoglobin allostery through enzymatic activity, this title is honorary no more. This chapter reviews evidence that hemoglobin formation and release of SNO is a critical mediator of hypoxic autoregulation of blood flow in tissues leading to oxygen delivery, considers the physiological implications of a 3-gas respiratory cycle (O2/NO/CO2) and the pathophysiological consequences of its dysfunction. Opportunities for therapeutic intervention to optimize oxygen delivery at the level of tissue blood flow are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - David J Singel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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14
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Grimmett ZW, Venetos NM, Premont RT, Stamler JS. GSNOR regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation through protein S-nitrosylation. J Cardiovasc Aging 2021; 1:16. [PMID: 34790976 PMCID: PMC8594876 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2021.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a denitrosylase enzyme responsible for reverting protein S-nitrosylation (SNO). In this issue, Salerno et al. [1] provide evidence that GSNOR deficiency - and thus elevated protein S-nitrosylation - accelerates cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). GSNOR inhibition (GSNOR-/- iPSCs) expedites the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes cardiomyocyte progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. These findings are consistent with emerging roles for protein S-nitrosylation in developmental biology (including cardiomyocyte development), aging/longevity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W. Grimmett
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Venetos
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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15
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Pophal M, Grimmett ZW, Chu C, Margevicius S, Raffay T, Ross K, Jafri A, Giddings O, Stamler JS, Gaston B, Reynolds JD. Airway Thiol-NO Adducts as Determinants of Exhaled NO. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101527. [PMID: 34679661 PMCID: PMC8532745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol-NO adducts such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are endogenous bronchodilators in human airways. Decreased airway S-nitrosothiol concentrations are associated with asthma. Nitric oxide (NO), a breakdown product of GSNO, is measured in exhaled breath as a biomarker in asthma; an elevated fraction of expired NO (FENO) is associated with asthmatic airway inflammation. We hypothesized that FENO could reflect airway S-nitrosothiol concentrations. To test this hypothesis, we first studied the relationship between mixed expired NO and airway S-nitrosothiols in patients endotracheally intubated for respiratory failure. The inverse (Lineweaver-Burke type) relationship suggested that expired NO could reflect the rate of pulmonary S-nitrosothiol breakdown. We thus studied NO evolution from the lungs of mice (GSNO reductase −/−) unable reductively to catabolize GSNO. More NO was produced from GSNO in the −/− compared to wild type lungs. Finally, we formally tested the hypothesis that airway GSNO increases FENO using an inhalational challenge model in normal human subjects. FENO increased in all subjects tested, with a median t1/2 of 32.0 min. Taken together, these data demonstrate that FENO reports, at least in part, GSNO breakdown in the lungs. Unlike GSNO, NO is not present in the lungs in physiologically relevant concentrations. However, FENO following a GSNO challenge could be a non-invasive test for airway GSNO catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Pophal
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.P.); (Z.W.G.); (C.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Zachary W. Grimmett
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.P.); (Z.W.G.); (C.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Clara Chu
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.P.); (Z.W.G.); (C.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Seunghee Margevicius
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Thomas Raffay
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.R.); (K.R.); (A.J.); (O.G.)
| | - Kristie Ross
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.R.); (K.R.); (A.J.); (O.G.)
| | - Anjum Jafri
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.R.); (K.R.); (A.J.); (O.G.)
| | - Olivia Giddings
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.R.); (K.R.); (A.J.); (O.G.)
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.P.); (Z.W.G.); (C.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.D.R.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-274-8899
| | - James D. Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.P.); (Z.W.G.); (C.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.D.R.)
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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16
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Seth P, Premont RT, Stamler JS. An optimized protocol for isolation of S-nitrosylated proteins from C. elegans. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100547. [PMID: 34095861 PMCID: PMC8164088 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification by S-nitrosylation regulates numerous cellular functions and impacts most proteins across phylogeny. We describe a protocol for isolating S-nitrosylated proteins (SNO-proteins) from C. elegans, suitable for assessing SNO levels of individual proteins and of the global proteome. This protocol features efficient nematode lysis and SNO capture, while protection of SNO proteins from degradation is the major challenge. This protocol can be adapted to mammalian tissues. For complete information on the generation and use of this protocol, please refer to Seth et al. (2019). Protocol for isolating S-nitrosylated proteins from C. elegans Assesses global changes in S-nitroso-protein levels Also assesses S-nitrosylation changes in individual proteins of interest Protocol is adaptable to mammalian tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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17
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Premont RT, Reynolds JD, Zhang R, Stamler JS. Red Blood Cell-Mediated S-Nitrosohemoglobin-Dependent Vasodilation: Lessons Learned from a β-Globin Cys93 Knock-In Mouse. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:936-961. [PMID: 32597195 PMCID: PMC8035927 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Red blood cell (RBC)-mediated vasodilation plays an important role in oxygen delivery. This occurs through hemoglobin actions, at least in significant part, to convert heme-bound nitric oxide (NO) (in tense [T]/deoxygenated-state hemoglobin) into vasodilator S-nitrosothiol (SNO) (in relaxed [R]/oxygenated-state hemoglobin), convey SNO through the bloodstream, and release it into tissues to increase blood flow. The coupling of hemoglobin R/T state allostery, both to NO conversion into SNO and to SNO release (along with oxygen), under hypoxia supports the model of a three-gas respiratory cycle (O2/NO/CO2). Recent Advances: Oxygenation of tissues is dependent on a single, strictly conserved Cys residue in hemoglobin (βCys93). Hemoglobin couples SNO formation/release at βCys93 to O2 binding/release at hemes ("thermodynamic linkage"). Mice bearing βCys93Ala hemoglobin that is unable to generate SNO-βCys93 establish that SNO-hemoglobin is important for R/T allostery-regulated vasodilation by RBCs that couple blood flow to tissue oxygenation. Critical Issues: The model for RBC-mediated vasodilation originally proposed by Stamler et al. in 1996 has been largely validated: SNO-βCys93 forms in vivo, dilates blood vessels, and is hypoxia-regulated, and RBCs actuate vasodilation proportionate to hypoxia. Numerous compensations in βCys93Ala animals to alleviate tissue hypoxia (discussed herein) are predicted to preserve vasodilatory responses of RBCs but impair linkage to R/T transition in hemoglobin. This is borne out by loss of responsivity of mutant RBCs to oxygen, impaired blood flow responses to hypoxia, and tissue ischemia in βCys93-mutant animals. Future Directions: SNO-hemoglobin mediates hypoxic vasodilation in the respiratory cycle. This fundamental physiology promises new insights in vascular diseases and blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James D. Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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18
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Shin MK, Vázquez-Rosa E, Koh Y, Dhar M, Chaubey K, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Barker S, Miller E, Franke K, Noterman MF, Seth D, Allen RS, Motz CT, Rao SR, Skelton LA, Pardue MT, Fliesler SJ, Wang C, Tracy TE, Gan L, Liebl DJ, Savarraj JPJ, Torres GL, Ahnstedt H, McCullough LD, Kitagawa RS, Choi HA, Zhang P, Hou Y, Chiang CW, Li L, Ortiz F, Kilgore JA, Williams NS, Whitehair VC, Gefen T, Flanagan ME, Stamler JS, Jain MK, Kraus A, Cheng F, Reynolds JD, Pieper AA. Reducing acetylated tau is neuroprotective in brain injury. Cell 2021; 184:2715-2732.e23. [PMID: 33852912 PMCID: PMC8491234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest non-genetic, non-aging related risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report here that TBI induces tau acetylation (ac-tau) at sites acetylated also in human AD brain. This is mediated by S-nitrosylated-GAPDH, which simultaneously inactivates Sirtuin1 deacetylase and activates p300/CBP acetyltransferase, increasing neuronal ac-tau. Subsequent tau mislocalization causes neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral impairment, and ac-tau accumulates in the blood. Blocking GAPDH S-nitrosylation, inhibiting p300/CBP, or stimulating Sirtuin1 all protect mice from neurodegeneration, neurobehavioral impairment, and blood and brain accumulation of ac-tau after TBI. Ac-tau is thus a therapeutic target and potential blood biomarker of TBI that may represent pathologic convergence between TBI and AD. Increased ac-tau in human AD brain is further augmented in AD patients with history of TBI, and patients receiving the p300/CBP inhibitors salsalate or diflunisal exhibit decreased incidence of AD and clinically diagnosed TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoo Shin
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yeojung Koh
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matasha Dhar
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kalyani Chaubey
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Coral J Cintrón-Pérez
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Barker
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emiko Miller
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn Franke
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria F Noterman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Divya Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rachael S Allen
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Cara T Motz
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, and the Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lara A Skelton
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, and the Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Steven J Fliesler
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, and the Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jude P J Savarraj
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Glenda L Torres
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hilda Ahnstedt
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan S Kitagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Alex Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francisco Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica A Kilgore
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victoria C Whitehair
- MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allison Kraus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James D Reynolds
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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19
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Cirotti C, Rizza S, Giglio P, Poerio N, Allega MF, Claps G, Pecorari C, Lee J, Benassi B, Barilà D, Robert C, Stamler JS, Cecconi F, Fraziano M, Paull TT, Filomeni G. Redox activation of ATM enhances GSNOR translation to sustain mitophagy and tolerance to oxidative stress. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50500. [PMID: 33245190 PMCID: PMC7788447 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The denitrosylase S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) has been suggested to sustain mitochondrial removal by autophagy (mitophagy), functionally linking S-nitrosylation to cell senescence and aging. In this study, we provide evidence that GSNOR is induced at the translational level in response to hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial ROS. The use of selective pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA demonstrates that GSNOR induction is an event downstream of the redox-mediated activation of ATM, which in turn phosphorylates and activates CHK2 and p53 as intermediate players of this signaling cascade. The modulation of ATM/GSNOR axis, or the expression of a redox-insensitive ATM mutant influences cell sensitivity to nitrosative and oxidative stress, impairs mitophagy and affects cell survival. Remarkably, this interplay modulates T-cell activation, supporting the conclusion that GSNOR is a key molecular effector of the antioxidant function of ATM and providing new clues to comprehend the pleiotropic effects of ATM in the context of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cirotti
- Department of BiologyTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress GroupDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Paola Giglio
- Department of BiologyTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Department of BiologyTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Maria Francesca Allega
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress GroupDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Present address:
Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | | | - Chiara Pecorari
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress GroupDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ji‐Hoon Lee
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection TechnologiesENEA‐CasacciaRomeItaly
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Department of BiologyTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | - Caroline Robert
- INSERM, U981VillejuifFrance
- Université Paris SudUniversité Paris‐SaclayKremlin‐BicêtreFrance
- Oncology DepartmentGustave RoussyUniversité Paris‐SaclayVillejuifFrance
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular MedicineCase Western Reserve University and Harrington Discovery InstituteUniversity Hospitals Case Medical CenterClevelandOHUSA
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of BiologyTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Cell Stress and Survival UnitDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyIRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
| | | | - Tanya T Paull
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Department of BiologyTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress GroupDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
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20
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Premont RT, Stamler JS. Essential Role of Hemoglobin βCys93 in Cardiovascular Physiology. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:234-243. [PMID: 32490751 PMCID: PMC7474257 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00040.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The supply of oxygen to tissues is controlled by microcirculatory blood flow. One of the more surprising discoveries in cardiovascular physiology is the critical dependence of microcirculatory blood flow on a single conserved cysteine within the β-subunit (βCys93) of hemoglobin (Hb). βCys93 is the primary site of Hb S-nitrosylation [i.e., S-nitrosothiol (SNO) formation to produce S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb)]. Notably, S-nitrosylation of βCys93 by NO is favored in the oxygenated conformation of Hb, and deoxygenated Hb releases SNO from βCys93. Since SNOs are vasodilatory, this mechanism provides a physiological basis for how tissue hypoxia increases microcirculatory blood flow (hypoxic autoregulation of blood flow). Mice expressing βCys93A mutant Hb (C93A) have been applied to understand the role of βCys93, and RBCs more generally, in cardiovascular physiology. Notably, C93A mice are unable to effect hypoxic autoregulation of blood flow and exhibit widespread tissue hypoxia. Moreover, reactive hyperemia (augmentation of blood flow following transient ischemia) is markedly impaired. C93A mice display multiple compensations to preserve RBC vasodilation and overcome tissue hypoxia, including shifting SNOs to other thiols on adult and fetal Hbs and elsewhere in RBCs, and growing new blood vessels. However, compensatory vasodilation in C93A mice is uncoupled from hypoxic control, both peripherally (e.g., predisposing to ischemic injury) and centrally (e.g., impairing hypoxic drive to breathe). Altogether, physiological studies utilizing C93A mice are confirming the allosterically controlled role of SNO-Hb in microvascular blood flow, uncovering essential roles for RBC-mediated vasodilation in cardiovascular physiology and revealing new roles for RBCs in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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21
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Abstract
Significance: S-nitrosylation, the post-translational modification by nitric oxide (NO) to form S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), regulates diverse aspects of cellular function, and aberrant S-nitrosylation (nitrosative stress) is implicated in disease, from neurodegeneration to cancer. Essential roles for S-nitrosylation have been demonstrated in microbes, plants, and animals; notably, bacteria have often served as model systems for elucidation of general principles. Recent Advances: Recent conceptual advances include the idea of a molecular code through which proteins sense and differentiate S-nitrosothiol (SNO) from alternative oxidative modifications, providing the basis for specificity in SNO signaling. In Escherichia coli, S-nitrosylation relies on an enzymatic cascade that regulates, and is regulated by, the transcription factor OxyR under anaerobic conditions. S-nitrosylated OxyR activates an anaerobic regulon of >100 genes that encode for enzymes that both mediate S-nitrosylation and protect against nitrosative stress. Critical Issues: Mitochondria originated from endosymbiotic bacteria and generate NO under hypoxic conditions, analogous to conditions in E. coli. Nitrosative stress in mitochondria has been implicated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, among others. Many proteins that are S-nitrosylated in mitochondria are also S-nitrosylated in E. coli. Insights into enzymatic regulation of S-nitrosylation in E. coli may inform the identification of disease-relevant regulatory machinery in mammalian systems. Future Directions: Using E. coli as a model system, in-depth analysis of the anaerobic response controlled by OxyR may lead to the identification of enzymatic mechanisms regulating S-nitrosylation in particular, and hypoxic signaling more generally, providing novel insights into analogous mechanisms in mammalian cells and within dysfunctional mitochondria that characterize neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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22
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Hayashida K, Bagchi A, Miyazaki Y, Hirai S, Seth D, Silverman MG, Rezoagli E, Marutani E, Mori N, Magliocca A, Liu X, Berra L, Hindle AG, Donnino MW, Malhotra R, Bradley MO, Stamler JS, Ichinose F. Improvement in Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation by Inhibition of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase. Circulation 2019; 139:815-827. [PMID: 30586713 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological effects of nitric oxide are mediated via protein S-nitrosylation. Levels of S-nitrosylated protein are controlled in part by the denitrosylase, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). The objective of this study was to examine whether GSNOR inhibition improves outcomes after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). METHODS Adult wild-type C57BL/6 and GSNOR-deleted (GSNOR-/-) mice were subjected to potassium chloride-induced CA and subsequently resuscitated. Fifteen minutes after a return of spontaneous circulation, wild-type mice were randomized to receive the GSNOR inhibitor, SPL-334.1, or normal saline as placebo. Mortality, neurological outcome, GSNOR activity, and levels of S-nitrosylated proteins were evaluated. Plasma GSNOR activity was measured in plasma samples obtained from post-CA patients, preoperative cardiac surgery patients, and healthy volunteers. RESULTS GSNOR activity was increased in plasma and multiple organs of mice, including brain in particular. Levels of protein S-nitrosylation were decreased in the brain 6 hours after CA/CPR. Administration of SPL-334.1 attenuated the increase in GSNOR activity in brain, heart, liver, spleen, and plasma, and restored S-nitrosylated protein levels in the brain. Inhibition of GSNOR attenuated ischemic brain injury and improved survival in wild-type mice after CA/CPR (81.8% in SPL-334.1 versus 36.4% in placebo; log rank P=0.031). Similarly, GSNOR deletion prevented the reduction in the number of S-nitrosylated proteins in the brain, mitigated brain injury, and improved neurological recovery and survival after CA/CPR. Both GSNOR inhibition and deletion attenuated CA/CPR-induced disruption of blood brain barrier. Post-CA patients had higher plasma GSNOR activity than did preoperative cardiac surgery patients or healthy volunteers ( P<0.0001). Plasma GSNOR activity was positively correlated with initial lactate levels in postarrest patients (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.48; P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS CA and CPR activated GSNOR and reduced the number of S-nitrosylated proteins in the brain. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of GSNOR prevented ischemic brain injury and improved survival rates by restoring S-nitrosylated protein levels in the brain after CA/CPR in mice. Our observations suggest that GSNOR is a novel biomarker of postarrest brain injury as well as a molecular target to improve outcomes after CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashida
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Aranya Bagchi
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Divya Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (D.S.), Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael G Silverman
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.G.S., R.M.), Boston, MA
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Eizo Marutani
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Naohiro Mori
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Aurora Magliocca
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (X.L., M.W.D.)
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Allyson G Hindle
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
| | - Michael W Donnino
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (X.L., M.W.D.)
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.G.S., R.M.), Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Fumito Ichinose
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (K.H., A.B., Y.M., S.H., E.R., E.M., N.M., A.M., L.B., A.G.H., F.I.), Boston, MA
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23
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Reynolds JD, Premont RT, Stamler JS. Letter by Reynolds et al Regarding Article, "Hemoglobin β93 Cysteine Is Not Required for Export of Nitric Oxide Bioactivity From the Red Blood Cell". Circulation 2019; 140:e758-e759. [PMID: 31682530 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James D Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine (J.D.R., R.T.P., J.S.S.), Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio.,Harrington Discovery Institute (J.D.R., R.T.P., J.S.S.), Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (J.D.R.), Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine (J.D.R., R.T.P., J.S.S.), Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio.,Harrington Discovery Institute (J.D.R., R.T.P., J.S.S.), Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio.,Division of Cardiology (R.T.P., J.S.S.), Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine (J.D.R., R.T.P., J.S.S.), Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio.,Harrington Discovery Institute (J.D.R., R.T.P., J.S.S.), Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio.,Division of Cardiology (R.T.P., J.S.S.), Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio
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24
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Stomberski CT, Anand P, Venetos NM, Hausladen A, Zhou HL, Premont RT, Stamler JS. AKR1A1 is a novel mammalian S-nitroso-glutathione reductase. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18285-18293. [PMID: 31649033 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modification of Cys residues by NO results in S-nitrosylation, a ubiquitous post-translational modification and a primary mediator of redox-based cellular signaling. Steady-state levels of S-nitrosylated proteins are largely determined by denitrosylase enzymes that couple NAD(P)H oxidation with reduction of S-nitrosothiols, including protein and low-molecular-weight (LMW) S-nitrosothiols (S-nitroso-GSH (GSNO) and S-nitroso-CoA (SNO-CoA)). SNO-CoA reductases require NADPH, whereas enzymatic reduction of GSNO can involve either NADH or NADPH. Notably, GSNO reductase (GSNOR, Adh5) accounts for most NADH-dependent GSNOR activity, whereas NADPH-dependent GSNOR activity is largely unaccounted for (CBR1 mediates a minor portion). Here, we de novo purified NADPH-coupled GSNOR activity from mammalian tissues and identified aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1), the archetypal mammalian SNO-CoA reductase, as a primary mediator of NADPH-coupled GSNOR activity in these tissues. Kinetic analyses suggested an AKR1A1 substrate preference of SNO-CoA > GSNO. AKR1A1 deletion from murine tissues dramatically lowered NADPH-dependent GSNOR activity. Conversely, GSNOR-deficient mice had increased AKR1A1 activity, revealing potential cross-talk among GSNO-dependent denitrosylases. Molecular modeling and mutagenesis of AKR1A1 identified Arg-312 as a key residue mediating the specific interaction with GSNO; in contrast, substitution of the SNO-CoA-binding residue Lys-127 minimally affected the GSNO-reducing activity of AKR1A1. Together, these findings indicate that AKR1A1 is a multi-LMW-SNO reductase that can distinguish between and metabolize the two major LMW-SNO signaling molecules GSNO and SNO-CoA, allowing for wide-ranging control of protein S-nitrosylation under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Stomberski
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44016
| | - Puneet Anand
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44016
| | - Nicholas M Venetos
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44016
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44016
| | - Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44016
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44016; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44016
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44016; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44016; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44016.
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Abstract
A continuous supply of oxygen is essential for the survival of multicellular organisms. The understanding of how this supply is regulated in the microvasculature has evolved from viewing erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]) as passive carriers of oxygen to recognizing the complex interplay between Hb (hemoglobin) and oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide-the three-gas respiratory cycle-that insures adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to meet local metabolic demand. In this context, it is blood flow and not blood oxygen content that is the main driver of tissue oxygenation by RBCs. Herein, we review the lines of experimentation that led to this understanding of RBC function; from the foundational understanding of allosteric regulation of oxygen binding in Hb in the stereochemical model of Perutz, to blood flow autoregulation (hypoxic vasodilation governing oxygen delivery) observed by Guyton, to current understanding that centers on S-nitrosylation of Hb (ie, S-nitrosohemoglobin; SNO-Hb) as a purveyor of oxygen-dependent vasodilatory activity. Notably, hypoxic vasodilation is recapitulated by native S-nitrosothiol (SNO)-replete RBCs and by SNO-Hb itself, whereby SNO is released from Hb and RBCs during deoxygenation, in proportion to the degree of Hb deoxygenation, to regulate vessels directly. In addition, we discuss how dysregulation of this system through genetic mutation in Hb or through disease is a common factor in oxygenation pathologies resulting from microcirculatory impairment, including sickle cell disease, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. We then conclude by identifying potential therapeutic interventions to correct deficits in RBC-mediated vasodilation to improve oxygen delivery-steps toward effective microvasculature-targeted therapies. To the extent that diseases of the heart, lungs, and blood are associated with impaired tissue oxygenation, the development of new therapies based on the three-gas respiratory system have the potential to improve the well-being of millions of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Premont
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine (R.T.P., J.D.R., R.Z., J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, OH.,Harrington Discovery Institute (R.T.P., J.D.R., J.S.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH
| | - James D Reynolds
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine (R.T.P., J.D.R., R.Z., J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, OH.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (J.D.R.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, OH.,Harrington Discovery Institute (R.T.P., J.D.R., J.S.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH
| | - Rongli Zhang
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine (R.T.P., J.D.R., R.Z., J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, OH.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.Z., J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, OH
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine (R.T.P., J.D.R., R.Z., J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, OH.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.Z., J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, OH.,Harrington Discovery Institute (R.T.P., J.D.R., J.S.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Zhou
- From the Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (H.-L.Z., C.T.S., J.S.S.)
| | - Colin T Stomberski
- From the Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (H.-L.Z., C.T.S., J.S.S.).,Department of Biochemistry (C.T.S., J.S.S.)
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- From the Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (H.-L.Z., C.T.S., J.S.S.) .,Department of Biochemistry (C.T.S., J.S.S.).,Case Western Reserve University, OH; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (J.S.S.)
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27
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Protein S-nitrosylation, the oxidative modification of cysteine by nitric oxide (NO) to form protein S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), mediates redox-based signaling that conveys, in large part, the ubiquitous influence of NO on cellular function. S-nitrosylation regulates protein activity, stability, localization, and protein-protein interactions across myriad physiological processes, and aberrant S-nitrosylation is associated with diverse pathophysiologies. Recent Advances: It is recently recognized that S-nitrosylation endows S-nitroso-protein (SNO-proteins) with S-nitrosylase activity, that is, the potential to trans-S-nitrosylate additional proteins, thereby propagating SNO-based signals, analogous to kinase-mediated signaling cascades. In addition, it is increasingly appreciated that cellular S-nitrosylation is governed by dynamically coupled equilibria between SNO-proteins and low-molecular-weight SNOs, which are controlled by a growing set of enzymatic denitrosylases comprising two main classes (high and low molecular weight). S-nitrosylases and denitrosylases, which together control steady-state SNO levels, may be identified with distinct physiology and pathophysiology ranging from cardiovascular and respiratory disorders to neurodegeneration and cancer. CRITICAL ISSUES The target specificity of protein S-nitrosylation and the stability and reactivity of protein SNOs are determined substantially by enzymatic machinery comprising highly conserved transnitrosylases and denitrosylases. Understanding the differential functionality of SNO-regulatory enzymes is essential, and is amenable to genetic and pharmacological analyses, read out as perturbation of specific equilibria within the SNO circuitry. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The emerging picture of NO biology entails equilibria among potentially thousands of different SNOs, governed by denitrosylases and nitrosylases. Thus, to elucidate the operation and consequences of S-nitrosylation in cellular contexts, studies should consider the roles of SNO-proteins as both targets and transducers of S-nitrosylation, functioning according to enzymatically governed equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Stomberski
- 1 Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,2 Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas T Hess
- 1 Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,3 Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,3 Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,4 Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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28
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Seth P, Hsieh PN, Jamal S, Wang L, Gygi SP, Jain MK, Coller J, Stamler JS. Regulation of MicroRNA Machinery and Development by Interspecies S-Nitrosylation. Cell 2019; 176:1014-1025.e12. [PMID: 30794773 PMCID: PMC6559381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive molecules can pass between microbiota and host to influence host cellular functions. However, general principles of interspecies communication have not been discovered. We show here in C. elegans that nitric oxide derived from resident bacteria promotes widespread S-nitrosylation of the host proteome. We further show that microbiota-dependent S-nitrosylation of C. elegans Argonaute protein (ALG-1)-at a site conserved and S-nitrosylated in mammalian Argonaute 2 (AGO2)-alters its function in controlling gene expression via microRNAs. By selectively eliminating nitric oxide generation by the microbiota or S-nitrosylation in ALG-1, we reveal unforeseen effects on host development. Thus, the microbiota can shape the post-translational landscape of the host proteome to regulate microRNA activity, gene expression, and host development. Our findings suggest a general mechanism by which the microbiota may control host cellular functions, as well as a new role for gasotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paishiun N Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Suhib Jamal
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Liwen Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeff Coller
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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29
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Stamler JS, Reynolds JD, Hess DT. Letter by Stamler et al Regarding Article, "Nitrite and S-Nitrosohemoglobin Exchange Across the Human Cerebral and Femoral Circulation: Relationship to Basal and Exercise Blood Flow Responses to Hypoxia". Circulation 2019; 135:e1135-e1136. [PMID: 28606954 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.027071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Stamler
- From Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (J.S.S., J.D.R., D.T.H.); Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S., D.T.H.); Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (J.S.S., J.D.R.); Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (J.D.R.)
| | - James D Reynolds
- From Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (J.S.S., J.D.R., D.T.H.); Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S., D.T.H.); Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (J.S.S., J.D.R.); Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (J.D.R.)
| | - Douglas T Hess
- From Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (J.S.S., J.D.R., D.T.H.); Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S., D.T.H.); Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (J.S.S., J.D.R.); Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (J.D.R.)
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30
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Stomberski CT, Zhou HL, Wang L, van den Akker F, Stamler JS. Molecular recognition of S-nitrosothiol substrate by its cognate protein denitrosylase. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1568-1578. [PMID: 30538128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosylation mediates a large part of nitric oxide's influence on cellular function by providing a fundamental mechanism to control protein function across different species and cell types. At steady state, cellular S-nitrosylation reflects dynamic equilibria between S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) in proteins and small molecules (low-molecular-weight SNOs) whose levels are regulated by dedicated S-nitrosylases and denitrosylases. S-Nitroso-CoA (SNO-CoA) and its cognate denitrosylases, SNO-CoA reductases (SCoRs), are newly identified determinants of protein S-nitrosylation in both yeast and mammals. Because SNO-CoA is a minority species among potentially thousands of cellular SNOs, SCoRs must preferentially recognize this SNO substrate. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which cellular SNOs are recognized by their cognate enzymes. Using mammalian cells, molecular modeling, substrate-capture assays, and mutagenic analyses, we identified a single conserved surface Lys (Lys-127) residue as well as active-site interactions of the SNO group that mediate recognition of SNO-CoA by SCoR. Comparing SCoRK127A versus SCoRWT HEK293 cells, we identified a SNO-CoA-dependent nitrosoproteome, including numerous metabolic protein substrates. Finally, we discovered that the SNO-CoA/SCoR system has a role in mitochondrial metabolism. Collectively, our findings provide molecular insights into the basis of specificity in SNO-CoA-mediated metabolic signaling and suggest a role for SCoR-regulated S-nitrosylation in multiple metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Stomberski
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Hua-Lin Zhou
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Liwen Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Focco van den Akker
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
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31
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Hayashi H, Hess DT, Zhang R, Sugi K, Gao H, Tan BL, Bowles DE, Milano CA, Jain MK, Koch WJ, Stamler JS. S-Nitrosylation of β-Arrestins Biases Receptor Signaling and Confers Ligand Independence. Mol Cell 2018; 70:473-487.e6. [PMID: 29727618 PMCID: PMC5940012 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through both heterotrimeric G proteins and β-arrestins (βarr1 and βarr2). Although synthetic ligands can elicit biased signaling by G protein- vis-à-vis βarr-mediated transduction, endogenous mechanisms for biasing signaling remain elusive. Here we report that S-nitrosylation of a novel site within βarr1/2 provides a general mechanism to bias ligand-induced signaling through GPCRs by selectively inhibiting βarr-mediated transduction. Concomitantly, S-nitrosylation endows cytosolic βarrs with receptor-independent function. Enhanced βarr S-nitrosylation characterizes inflammation and aging as well as human and murine heart failure. In genetically engineered mice lacking βarr2-Cys253 S-nitrosylation, heart failure is exacerbated in association with greatly compromised β-adrenergic chronotropy and inotropy, reflecting βarr-biased transduction and β-adrenergic receptor downregulation. Thus, S-nitrosylation regulates βarr function and, thereby, biases transduction through GPCRs, demonstrating a novel role for nitric oxide in cellular signaling with potentially broad implications for patho/physiological GPCR function, including a previously unrecognized role in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Douglas T. Hess
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Keiki Sugi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Huiyun Gao
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Bea L. Tan
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Carmelo A. Milano
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106,Lead Contact to whom correspondence should be addressed: Jonathan S. Stamler, M.D., Institute for Transformative
Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building 4129, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106,
Tel.: 216-368-5725, Fax: 216-368-2968,
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32
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Qian Q, Zhang Z, Orwig A, Chen S, Ding WX, Xu Y, Kunz RC, Lind NRL, Stamler JS, Yang L. S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Dysfunction Contributes to Obesity-Associated Hepatic Insulin Resistance via Regulating Autophagy. Diabetes 2018; 67:193-207. [PMID: 29074597 PMCID: PMC10515702 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with elevated intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production, which promotes nitrosative stress in metabolic tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle, contributing to insulin resistance. The onset of obesity-associated insulin resistance is due, in part, to the compromise of hepatic autophagy, a process that leads to lysosomal degradation of cellular components. However, it is not known how NO bioactivity might impact autophagy in obesity. Here, we establish that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a major protein denitrosylase, provides a key regulatory link between inflammation and autophagy, which is disrupted in obesity and diabetes. We demonstrate that obesity promotes S-nitrosylation of lysosomal proteins in the liver, thereby impairing lysosomal enzyme activities. Moreover, in mice and humans, obesity and diabetes are accompanied by decreases in GSNOR activity, engendering nitrosative stress. In mice with a GSNOR deletion, diet-induced obesity increases lysosomal nitrosative stress and impairs autophagy in the liver, leading to hepatic insulin resistance. Conversely, liver-specific overexpression of GSNOR in obese mice markedly enhances lysosomal function and autophagy and, remarkably, improves insulin action and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, overexpression of S-nitrosylation-resistant variants of lysosomal enzymes enhances autophagy, and pharmacologically and genetically enhancing autophagy improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in GSNOR-deficient hepatocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that obesity-induced protein S-nitrosylation is a key mechanism compromising the hepatic autophagy, contributing to hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Qian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Allyson Orwig
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Songhai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Yanji Xu
- Shaun and Lilly International, LLC, Collierville, TN
| | - Ryan C Kunz
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Center for Multiplexed Proteomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicholas R L Lind
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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33
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Seth D, Hess DT, Hausladen A, Wang L, Wang YJ, Stamler JS. A Multiplex Enzymatic Machinery for Cellular Protein S-nitrosylation. Mol Cell 2018; 69:451-464.e6. [PMID: 29358078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the oxidative modification of Cys residues by nitric oxide (NO) to form S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), modifies all main classes of proteins and provides a fundamental redox-based cellular signaling mechanism. However, in contrast to other post-translational protein modifications, S-nitrosylation is generally considered to be non-enzymatic, involving multiple chemical routes. We report here that endogenous protein S-nitrosylation in the model organism E. coli depends principally upon the enzymatic activity of the hybrid cluster protein Hcp, employing NO produced by nitrate reductase. Anaerobiosis on nitrate induces both Hcp and nitrate reductase, thereby resulting in the S-nitrosylation-dependent assembly of a large interactome including enzymes that generate NO (NO synthase), synthesize SNO-proteins (SNO synthase), and propagate SNO-based signaling (trans-nitrosylases) to regulate cell motility and metabolism. Thus, protein S-nitrosylation by NO in E. coli is essentially enzymatic, and the potential generality of the multiplex enzymatic mechanism that we describe may support a re-conceptualization of NO-based cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Douglas T Hess
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Liwen Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ya-Juan Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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34
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Reynolds JD, Jenkins T, Matto F, Nazemian R, Farhan O, Morris N, Longphre JM, Hess DT, Moon RE, Piantadosi CA, Stamler JS. Pharmacologic Targeting of Red Blood Cells to Improve Tissue Oxygenation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:553-563. [PMID: 29238951 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of microvascular blood flow is a common cause of tissue hypoxia in disease, yet no therapies are available that directly target the microvasculature to improve tissue oxygenation. Red blood cells (RBCs) autoregulate blood flow through S-nitroso-hemoglobin (SNO-Hb)-mediated export of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity. We therefore tested the idea that pharmacological enhancement of RBCs using the S-nitrosylating agent ethyl nitrite (ENO) may provide a novel approach to improve tissue oxygenation. Serial ENO dosing was carried out in sheep (1-400 ppm) and humans (1-100 ppm) at normoxia and at reduced fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ). ENO increased RBC SNO-Hb levels, corrected hypoxia-induced deficits in tissue oxygenation, and improved measures of oxygen utilization in both species. No adverse effects or safety concerns were identified. Inasmuch as impaired oxygenation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, ENO may have widespread therapeutic utility, providing a first-in-class agent targeting the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Trevor Jenkins
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Faisal Matto
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan Nazemian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Obada Farhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John M Longphre
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas T Hess
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard E Moon
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Matto F, Kouretas PC, Smith R, Ostrowsky J, Cina AJ, Hess DT, Stamler JS, Reynolds JD. S-Nitrosohemoglobin Levels and Patient Outcome After Transfusion During Pediatric Bypass Surgery. Clin Transl Sci 2017; 11:237-243. [PMID: 29232772 PMCID: PMC5867013 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Banked blood exhibits impairments in nitric oxide (NO)‐based oxygen delivery capability, reflected in rapid depletion of S‐nitrosohemoglobin (SNO‐Hb). We hypothesized that transfusion of even freshly‐stored blood used in pediatric heart surgery would reduce SNO‐Hb levels and worsen outcome. In a retrospective review (n = 29), the percent of estimated blood volume (% eBV) replaced by transfusion directly correlated with ventilator time and inversely correlated with kidney function; similar results were obtained in a prospective arm (n = 20). In addition, an inverse association was identified between SNO‐Hb and postoperative increase in Hb (∆Hb), reflecting the amount of blood retained by the patient. Both SNO‐Hb and ∆Hb correlated with the probability of kidney dysfunction and oxygenation‐related complications. Further, regression analysis identified SNO‐Hb as an inverse predictor of outcome. The findings suggest that SNO‐Hb and ∆Hb are prognostic biomarkers following pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass, and that maintenance of red blood cell‐derived NO bioactivity might confer therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Matto
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter C Kouretas
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Smith
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob Ostrowsky
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony J Cina
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Douglas T Hess
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James D Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Kashyap VS, Lakin RO, Campos P, Allemang M, Kim A, Sarac TP, Hausladen A, Stamler JS. The LargPAD Trial: Phase IIA evaluation of l-arginine infusion in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 2017; 66:187-194. [PMID: 28366306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial function is improved by l-arginine (l-arg) supplementation in preclinical and clinical studies of mildly diseased vasculature; however, endothelial function and responsiveness to l-arg in severely diseased arteries is not known. Our objective was to evaluate the acute effects of catheter-directed l-arg delivery in patients with chronic lower extremity ischemia secondary to peripheral arterial disease. METHODS The study enrolled 22 patients (45% male) with peripheral arterial disease (mean age, 62 years) requiring lower extremity angiography. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of patent but atherosclerotic superficial femoral arteries was measured using a combination of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and a Doppler FloWire (Volcano Corporation, Rancho Cordova, Calif) during the infusion of incremental acetylcholine (10-6 to 10-4 molar concentration) doses. Patients received 50 mg (n = 3), 100 mg (n = 10), or 500 mg (n = 9) l-arg intra-arterially, followed by repeat endothelium-dependent relaxation measurement (limb volumetric flow). IVUS-derived virtual histology of the culprit vessel was also obtained. Endothelium-independent relaxation was measured using a nitroglycerin infusion. Levels of nitrogen oxides and arginine metabolites were measured by chemiluminescence and mass spectrometry, respectively. RESULTS Patients tolerated limb l-arg infusion well. Serum arginine and ornithine levels increased by 43.6% ± 13.0% and 23.2% ± 10.3%, respectively (P < .005), and serum nitrogen oxides increased by 85% (P < .0001) after l-arg infusion. Average vessel area increased by 6.8% ± 1.3% with l-arg infusion (acetylcholine 10-4; P < .0001). Limb volumetric flow increased in all patients and was greater with l-arg supplementation by 130.9 ± 17.6, 136.9 ± 18.6, and 172.1 ± 24.8 mL/min, respectively, for each cohort. Maximal effects were seen with l-arg at 100 mg (32.8%). Arterial smooth muscle responsiveness to nitroglycerin was intact in all vessels (endothelium-independent relaxation, 137% ± 28% volume flow increase). IVUS-derived virtual histology indicated plaque volume was 14 ± 1.3 mm3/cm, and plaque stratification revealed a predominantly fibrous morphology (46.4%; necrotic core, 28.4%; calcium, 17.4%; fibrolipid, 6.6%). Plaque morphology did not correlate with l-arg responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive atherosclerosis, endothelial function in diseased lower extremity human arteries can be enhanced by l-arg infusion secondary to increased nitric oxide bioactivity. Further studies of l-arg as a therapeutic modality in patients with endothelial dysfunction (ie, acute limb ischemia) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram S Kashyap
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Ryan O Lakin
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Patricia Campos
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew Allemang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ann Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Timur P Sarac
- Divison of Vascular Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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Zhang R, Hess DT, Reynolds JD, Stamler JS. Hemoglobin S-nitrosylation plays an essential role in cardioprotection. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4654-4658. [PMID: 27841756 DOI: 10.1172/jci90425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic control of tissue oxygenation is achieved largely through changes in blood flow that are regulated by the classic physiological response of hypoxic vasodilation. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the control of blood flow is a central tenet of cardiovascular biology. However, extensive evidence now indicates that hypoxic vasodilation entails S-nitrosothiol-based (SNO-based) vasoactivity (rather than NO per se) and that this activity is conveyed substantially by the βCys93 residue in hemoglobin. Thus, tissue oxygenation in the respiratory cycle is dependent on S-nitrosohemoglobin. This perspective predicts that red blood cells (RBCs) may play an important but previously undescribed role in cardioprotection. Here, we have found that cardiac injury and mortality in models of myocardial infarction and heart failure were greatly enhanced in mice lacking βCys93 S-nitrosylation. In addition, βCys93 mutant mice exhibited adaptive collateralization of cardiac vasculature that mitigated ischemic injury and predicted outcomes after myocardial infarction. Enhanced myopathic injury and mortality across different etiologies in the absence of βCys93 confirm the central cardiovascular role of RBC-derived SNO-based vasoactivity and point to a potential locus of therapeutic intervention. Our findings also suggest the possibility that RBCs may play a previously unappreciated role in heart disease.
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38
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Ni CL, Seth D, Fonseca FV, Wang L, Xiao TS, Gruber P, Sy MS, Stamler JS, Tartakoff AM. Polyglutamine Tract Expansion Increases S-Nitrosylation of Huntingtin and Ataxin-1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163359. [PMID: 27658206 PMCID: PMC5033456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the huntingtin (Htt) protein causes Huntington’s disease (HD), a fatal inherited movement disorder linked to neurodegeneration in the striatum and cortex. S-nitrosylation and S-acylation of cysteine residues regulate many functions of cytosolic proteins. We therefore used a resin-assisted capture approach to identify these modifications in Htt. In contrast to many proteins that have only a single S-nitrosylation or S-acylation site, we identified sites along much of the length of Htt. Moreover, analysis of cells expressing full-length Htt or a large N-terminal fragment of Htt shows that polyQ expansion strongly increases Htt S-nitrosylation. This effect appears to be general since it is also observed in Ataxin-1, which causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) when its polyQ tract is expanded. Overexpression of nitric oxide synthase increases the S-nitrosylation of normal Htt and the frequency of conspicuous juxtanuclear inclusions of Htt N-terminal fragments in transfected cells. Taken together with the evidence that S-nitrosylation of Htt is widespread and parallels polyQ expansion, these subcellular changes show that S-nitrosylation affects the biology of this protein in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lun Ni
- Cell Biology Program, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Divya Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Fabio Vasconcelos Fonseca
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Liwen Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Tsan Sam Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Phillip Gruber
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Alan M. Tartakoff
- Cell Biology Program, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Adachi N, Hess DT, McLaughlin P, Stamler JS. S-Palmitoylation of a Novel Site in the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Associated with a Novel Intracellular Itinerary. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20232-46. [PMID: 27481942 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.725762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here that a population of human β2-adrenergic receptors (β2AR), a canonical G protein-coupled receptor, traffics along a previously undescribed intracellular itinerary via the Golgi complex that is associated with the sequential S-palmitoylation and depalmitoylation of a previously undescribed site of modification, Cys-265 within the third intracellular loop. Basal S-palmitoylation of Cys-265 is negligible, but agonist-induced β2AR activation results in enhanced S-palmitoylation, which requires phosphorylation by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase of Ser-261/Ser-262. Agonist-induced turnover of palmitate occurs predominantly on Cys-265. Cys-265 S-palmitoylation is mediated by the Golgi-resident palmitoyl transferases zDHHC9/14/18 and is followed by depalmitoylation by the plasma membrane-localized acyl-protein thioesterase APT1. Inhibition of depalmitoylation reveals that S-palmitoylation of Cys-265 may stabilize the receptor at the plasma membrane. In addition, β2AR S-palmitoylated at Cys-265 are selectively preserved under a sustained adrenergic stimulation, which results in the down-regulation and degradation of βAR. Cys-265 is not conserved in β1AR, and S-palmitoylation of Cys-265 may thus be associated with functional differences between β2AR and β1AR, including relative resistance of β2AR to down-regulation in multiple pathophysiologies. Trafficking via the Golgi complex may underlie new roles in G protein-coupled receptor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Adachi
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Douglas T Hess
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Precious McLaughlin
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and the Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Rizza S, Montagna C, Cardaci S, Maiani E, Di Giacomo G, Sanchez-Quiles V, Blagoev B, Rasola A, De Zio D, Stamler JS, Cecconi F, Filomeni G. S-nitrosylation of the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Inhibitors of Succinate Dehydrogenase. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4170-82. [PMID: 27216192 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) represents the best-documented denitrosylase implicated in regulating the levels of proteins posttranslationally modified by nitric oxide on cysteine residues by S-nitrosylation. GSNOR controls a diverse array of physiologic functions, including cellular growth and differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Chromosomal deletion of GSNOR results in pathologic protein S-nitrosylation that is implicated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we identify a metabolic hallmark of aberrant S-nitrosylation in HCC and exploit it for therapeutic gain. We find that hepatocyte GSNOR deficiency is characterized by mitochondrial alteration and by marked increases in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) levels and activity. We find that this depends on the selective S-nitrosylation of Cys(501) in the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1, which mediates its degradation. As a result, GSNOR-deficient cells and tumors are highly sensitive to SDH inhibition, namely to α-tocopheryl succinate, an SDH-targeting molecule that induced RIP1/PARP1-mediated necroptosis and inhibited tumor growth. Our work provides a specific molecular signature of aberrant S-nitrosylation in HCC, a novel molecular target in SDH, and a first-in-class therapy to treat the disease. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4170-82. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rizza
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Costanza Montagna
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Cardaci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Maiani
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Virginia Sanchez-Quiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andrea Rasola
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela De Zio
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Although the use of antioxidants for the treatment of cancer and HIV/AIDS has been proposed for decades, new insights gained from redox research have suggested a very different scenario. These new data show that the major cellular antioxidant systems, the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, actually promote cancer growth and HIV infection, while suppressing an effective immune response. Mechanistically, these systems control both the redox- and NO-based pathways (nitroso-redox homeostasis), which subserve innate and cellular immune defenses. Dual inhibition of the Trx and GSH systems synergistically kills neoplastic cells in vitro and in mice and decreases resistance to anticancer therapy. Similarly, the population of HIV reservoir cells that constitutes the major barrier to a cure for AIDS is exquisitely redox sensitive and could be selectively targeted by Trx and GSH inhibitors. Trx and GSH inhibition may lead to a reprogramming of the immune response, tilting the balance between the immune system and cancer or HIV in favor of the former, allowing elimination of diseased cells. Thus, therapies based on silencing of the Trx and GSH pathways represent a promising approach for the cure of both cancer and AIDS and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Seth
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (D.S., J.S.S.) and Harrington Discovery Institute (J.S.S.), University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (D.S., J.S.S.) and Harrington Discovery Institute (J.S.S.), University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
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Irie T, Sips PY, Kai S, Kida K, Ikeda K, Hirai S, Moazzami K, Jiramongkolchai P, Bloch DB, Doulias PT, Armoundas AA, Kaneki M, Ischiropoulos H, Kranias E, Bloch KD, Stamler JS, Ichinose F. S-Nitrosylation of Calcium-Handling Proteins in Cardiac Adrenergic Signaling and Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2015; 117:793-803. [PMID: 26259881 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The regulation of calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis by β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation provides the essential underpinnings of sympathetic regulation of myocardial function, as well as a basis for understanding molecular events that result in hypertrophic signaling and heart failure. Sympathetic stimulation of the βAR not only induces protein phosphorylation but also activates nitric oxide-dependent signaling, which modulates cardiac contractility. Nonetheless, the role of nitric oxide in βAR-dependent regulation of Ca(2+) handling has not yet been explicated fully. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of protein S-nitrosylation, a major transducer of nitric oxide bioactivity, on βAR-dependent alterations in cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) handling and hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Using transgenic mice to titrate the levels of protein S-nitrosylation, we uncovered major roles for protein S-nitrosylation, in general, and for phospholamban and cardiac troponin C S-nitrosylation, in particular, in βAR-dependent regulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis. Notably, S-nitrosylation of phospholamban consequent upon βAR stimulation is necessary for the inhibitory pentamerization of phospholamban, which activates sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase and increases cytosolic Ca(2+) transients. Coincident S-nitrosylation of cardiac troponin C decreases myocardial sensitivity to Ca(2+). During chronic adrenergic stimulation, global reductions in cellular S-nitrosylation mitigate hypertrophic signaling resulting from Ca(2+) overload. CONCLUSIONS S-Nitrosylation operates in concert with phosphorylation to regulate many cardiac Ca(2+)-handling proteins, including phospholamban and cardiac troponin C, thereby playing an essential and previously unrecognized role in cardiac Ca(2+) homeostasis. Manipulation of the S-nitrosylation level may prove therapeutic in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Irie
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Patrick Y Sips
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Shinichi Kai
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Kotaro Kida
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Kohei Ikeda
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Kasra Moazzami
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Pawina Jiramongkolchai
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Donald B Bloch
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Paschalis-Thomas Doulias
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Antonis A Armoundas
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Masao Kaneki
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Evangelia Kranias
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.)
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- From the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (T.I., P.Y.S., S.K., K.K., K.I., S.H., P.J., D.B.B., M.K., K.D.B., F.I.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M., A.A.A., K.D.B.), and Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine (D.B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.Y.S.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (P.-T.D., H.I.); Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children (M.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (E.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Discovery Institute University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (J.S.S.).
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Liao X, Zhang R, Lu Y, Prosdocimo DA, Sangwung P, Zhang L, Zhou G, Anand P, Lai L, Leone TC, Fujioka H, Ye F, Rosca MG, Hoppel CL, Schulze PC, Abel ED, Stamler JS, Kelly DP, Jain MK. Kruppel-like factor 4 is critical for transcriptional control of cardiac mitochondrial homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3461-76. [PMID: 26241060 DOI: 10.1172/jci79964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for tissue health, and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to numerous diseases, including heart failure. Here, we have shown that the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) governs mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolic function, dynamics, and autophagic clearance. Adult mice with cardiac-specific Klf4 deficiency developed cardiac dysfunction with aging or in response to pressure overload that was characterized by reduced myocardial ATP levels, elevated ROS, and marked alterations in mitochondrial shape, size, ultrastructure, and alignment. Evaluation of mitochondria isolated from KLF4-deficient hearts revealed a reduced respiration rate that is likely due to defects in electron transport chain complex I. Further, cardiac-specific, embryonic Klf4 deletion resulted in postnatal premature mortality, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and altered mitochondrial maturation. We determined that KLF4 binds to, cooperates with, and is requisite for optimal function of the estrogen-related receptor/PPARγ coactivator 1 (ERR/PGC-1) transcriptional regulatory module on metabolic and mitochondrial targets. Finally, we found that KLF4 regulates autophagy flux through transcriptional regulation of a broad array of autophagy genes in cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these findings identify KLF4 as a nodal transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Shinozaki S, Chang K, Sakai M, Shimizu N, Yamada M, Tanaka T, Nakazawa H, Ichinose F, Yamada Y, Ishigami A, Ito H, Ouchi Y, Starr ME, Saito H, Shimokado K, Stamler JS, Kaneki M. Inflammatory stimuli induce inhibitory S-nitrosylation of the deacetylase SIRT1 to increase acetylation and activation of p53 and p65. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra106. [PMID: 25389371 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation increases the abundance of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leading to enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO), which can modify proteins by S-nitrosylation. Enhanced NO production increases the activities of the transcription factors p53 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in several models of disease-associated inflammation. S-nitrosylation inhibits the activity of the protein deacetylase SIRT1. SIRT1 limits apoptosis and inflammation by deacetylating p53 and p65 (also known as RelA), a subunit of NF-κB. We showed in multiple cultured mammalian cell lines that NO donors or inflammatory stimuli induced S-nitrosylation of SIRT1 within CXXC motifs, which inhibited SIRT1 by disrupting its ability to bind zinc. Inhibition of SIRT1 reduced deacetylation and promoted activation of p53 and p65, leading to apoptosis and increased expression of proinflammatory genes. In rodent models of systemic inflammation, Parkinson's disease, or aging-related muscular atrophy, S-nitrosylation of SIRT1 correlated with increased acetylation of p53 and p65 and activation of p53 and NF-κB target genes, suggesting that S-nitrosylation of SIRT1 may represent a proinflammatory switch common to many diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Shinozaki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kyungho Chang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michihiro Sakai
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marina Yamada
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Tomokazu Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Harumasa Nakazawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yoshitsugu Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Ouchi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
| | - Marlene E Starr
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kentaro Shimokado
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Harrington Discovery Institute, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Masao Kaneki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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46
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Chaube R, Hess DT, Wang YJ, Plummer B, Sun QA, Laurita K, Stamler JS. Regulation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor/Ca2+-release channel RyR1 by S-palmitoylation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8612-9. [PMID: 24509862 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.548925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor/Ca(2+)-release channels (RyRs) of skeletal and cardiac muscle are essential for Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum that mediates excitation-contraction coupling. It has been shown that RyR activity is regulated by dynamic post-translational modifications of Cys residues, in particular S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation. Here we show that the predominant form of RyR in skeletal muscle, RyR1, is subject to Cys-directed modification by S-palmitoylation. S-Palmitoylation targets 18 Cys within the N-terminal, cytoplasmic region of RyR1, which are clustered in multiple functional domains including those implicated in the activity-governing protein-protein interactions of RyR1 with the L-type Ca(2+) channel CaV1.1, calmodulin, and the FK506-binding protein FKBP12, as well as in "hot spot" regions containing sites of mutations implicated in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease. Eight of these Cys have been identified previously as subject to physiological S-nitrosylation or S-oxidation. Diminishing S-palmitoylation directly suppresses RyR1 activity as well as stimulus-coupled Ca(2+) release through RyR1. These findings demonstrate functional regulation of RyR1 by a previously unreported post-translational modification and indicate the potential for extensive Cys-based signaling cross-talk. In addition, we identify the sarco/endoplasmic reticular Ca(2+)-ATPase 1A and the α1S subunit of the L-type Ca(2+) channel CaV1.1 as S-palmitoylated proteins, indicating that S-palmitoylation may regulate all principal governors of Ca(2+) flux in skeletal muscle that mediates excitation-contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Chaube
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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47
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Cox AG, Saunders DC, Kelsey PB, Conway AA, Tesmenitsky Y, Marchini JF, Brown KK, Stamler JS, Colagiovanni DB, Rosenthal GJ, Croce KJ, North TE, Goessling W. S-nitrosothiol signaling regulates liver development and improves outcome following toxic liver injury. Cell Rep 2014; 6:56-69. [PMID: 24388745 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic liver injury is a leading cause of liver failure and death because of the organ's inability to regenerate amidst massive cell death, and few therapeutic options exist. The mechanisms coordinating damage protection and repair are poorly understood. Here, we show that S-nitrosothiols regulate liver growth during development and after injury in vivo; in zebrafish, nitric-oxide (NO) enhanced liver formation independently of cGMP-mediated vasoactive effects. After acetaminophen (APAP) exposure, inhibition of the enzymatic regulator S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) minimized toxic liver damage, increased cell proliferation, and improved survival through sustained activation of the cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway. Preclinical studies of APAP injury in GSNOR-deficient mice confirmed conservation of hepatoprotective properties of S-nitrosothiol signaling across vertebrates; a GSNOR-specific inhibitor improved liver histology and acted with the approved therapy N-acetylcysteine to expand the therapeutic time window and improve outcome. These studies demonstrate that GSNOR inhibitors will be beneficial therapeutic candidates for treating liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Cox
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter B Kelsey
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allie A Conway
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yevgenia Tesmenitsky
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julio F Marchini
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harrington Discovery Institute, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin J Croce
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Anand
- From the Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH
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49
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Abstract
The trapping, processing, and delivery of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity by red blood cells (RBCs) have emerged as a conserved mechanism through which regional blood flow is linked to biochemical cues of perfusion sufficiency. We present here an expanded paradigm for the human respiratory cycle based on the coordinated transport of three gases: NO, O₂, and CO₂. By linking O₂ and NO flux, RBCs couple vessel caliber (and thus blood flow) to O₂ availability in the lung and to O₂ need in the periphery. The elements required for regulated O₂-based signal transduction via controlled NO processing within RBCs are presented herein, including S-nitrosothiol (SNO) synthesis by hemoglobin and O₂-regulated delivery of NO bioactivity (capture, activation, and delivery of NO groups at sites remote from NO synthesis by NO synthase). The role of NO transport in the respiratory cycle at molecular, microcirculatory, and system levels is reviewed. We elucidate the mechanism through which regulated NO transport in blood supports O₂ homeostasis, not only through adaptive regulation of regional systemic blood flow but also by optimizing ventilation-perfusion matching in the lung. Furthermore, we discuss the role of NO transport in the central control of breathing and in baroreceptor control of blood pressure, which subserve O₂ supply to tissue. Additionally, malfunctions of this transport and signaling system that are implicated in a wide array of human pathophysiologies are described. Understanding the (dys)function of NO processing in blood is a prerequisite for the development of novel therapies that target the vasoactive capacities of RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Doctor
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis, MO, USA
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50
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Huang ZM, Gao E, Fonseca FV, Hayashi H, Shang X, Hoffman NE, Chuprun JK, Tian X, Tilley DG, Madesh M, Lefer DJ, Stamler JS, Koch WJ. Convergence of G protein-coupled receptor and S-nitrosylation signaling determines the outcome to cardiac ischemic injury. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra95. [PMID: 24170934 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death in the developed world. Treatment is currently centered on regimens involving G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or nitric oxide (NO). These regimens are thought to target distinct molecular pathways. We showed that these pathways were interdependent and converged on the effector GRK2 (GPCR kinase 2) to regulate myocyte survival and function. Ischemic injury coupled to GPCR activation, including GPCR desensitization and myocyte loss, required GRK2 activation, and we found that cardioprotection mediated by inhibition of GRK2 depended on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and was associated with S-nitrosylation of GRK2. Conversely, the cardioprotective effects of NO bioactivity were absent in a knock-in mouse with a form of GRK2 that cannot be S-nitrosylated. Because GRK2 and eNOS inhibit each other, the balance of the activities of these enzymes in the myocardium determined the outcome to ischemic injury. Our findings suggest new insights into the mechanism of action of classic drugs used to treat heart failure and new therapeutic approaches to ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Maggie Huang
- 1Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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