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Kuhn MK, Kang RY, Kim C, Tagay Y, Morris N, Tabdanov ED, Elcheva IA, Proctor EA. Dynamic neuroinflammatory profiles predict Alzheimer's disease pathology in microglia-containing cerebral organoids. bioRxiv 2024:2023.11.16.567220. [PMID: 38014053 PMCID: PMC10680718 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.567220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and the underlying dysregulated immune responses of microglia actively contribute to the progression and, likely, the initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fine-tuned therapeutic modulation of immune dysfunction to ameliorate disease cannot be achieved without the characterization of diverse microglial states that initiate unique, and sometimes contradictory, immune responses that evolve over time in chronic inflammatory environments. Because of the functional differences between human and murine microglia, untangling distinct, disease-relevant reactive states and their corresponding effects on pathology or neuronal health may not be possible without the use of human cells. In order to profile shifting microglial states in early AD and identify microglia-specific drivers of disease, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying a familial AD PSEN2 mutation or its isogenic control into cerebral organoids and quantified the changes in cytokine concentrations over time with Luminex XMAP technology. We used partial least squares (PLS) modeling to build cytokine signatures predictive of disease and age to identify key differential patterns of cytokine expression that inform the overall organoid immune milieu and quantified the corresponding changes in protein pathology. AD organoids exhibited an overall reduction in cytokine secretion after an initial amplified immune response. We demonstrate that reduced synapse density observed in the AD organoids is prevented with microglial depletion. Crucially, these differential effects of dysregulated immune signaling occurred without the accumulation of pathological proteins. In this study, we used microglia-containing AD organoids to quantitatively characterize an evolving immune milieu, made up of a diverse of collection of activation patterns and immune responses, to identify how a dynamic, overall neuroinflammatory state negatively impacts neuronal health and the cell-specific contribution of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Y Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - ChaeMin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yerbol Tagay
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Erdem D Tabdanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Irina A Elcheva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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D'Haens G, Higgins PDR, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Sands BE, Lee S, Moses RE, Redondo I, Escobar R, Gibble TH, Keohane A, Morris N, Zhang X, Arora V, Kobayashi T. Extended Induction and Prognostic Indicators of Response in Patients Treated with Mirikizumab with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis in the LUCENT Trials. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae004. [PMID: 38271613 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy and safety of mirikizumab, a p19-targeted anti-interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody, for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis was demonstrated previously. We evaluated clinical response, baseline characteristics, and clinical status in patients not responding by 12 weeks (W) of induction who then received extended induction treatment. METHOD Patients unresponsive to 300 mg of intravenous (IV) mirikizumab every 4 weeks by W12 received 3 additional 300 mg IV doses every 4 weeks. Week-4 responders received 200 mg mirikizumab every 4 weeks subcutaneously until W52. Patients responding by W12 but subsequently losing response received rescue therapy with 300 mg IV for 3 doses every 4 weeks. Logistic regression modelling was performed for patients not achieving W12 clinical response to assess baseline characteristics and W12 efficacy parameters and potential prognostic factors of clinical response at W24. RESULTS Of patients not achieving clinical response during induction, 53.7% achieved response following extended induction. After 52W, 72.2%, 43.1%, and 36.1% of patients achieved clinical response, endoscopic, and clinical remission, respectively. Of induction responders who subsequently lost response, 63.2% and 36.8% achieved symptomatic response and remission, respectively, after receiving rescue therapy No prior biologic or tofacitinib treatment, no immunomodulators at baseline, age older than 40 years, and W12 modified Mayo Score improvement were positively associated with a response to extended induction. The safety profile was similar to initial induction, with 38.3% treatment emergent adverse events, mostly mild. CONCLUSION With "extended induction," total of 80.3% mirikizumab-treated patients achieved clinical response by W24. Potential prognostic factors determining response include disease severity, disease phenotype, C-reactive protein, and previous biologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, C2-208, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Taubman Center, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, France
- University of Lorraine, Inserm, NGERE, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Lee
- Digestive Health Center, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard E Moses
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Isabel Redondo
- Eli Lilly Portugal, Rua Galileu Galilei 2 Lisboa 1500-392, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Escobar
- Lilly S.A, Avenida de la Industria, 30. 28108, Alcobendas, SpainMadrid
| | | | | | - Nathan Morris
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vipin Arora
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
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Hawkins S, Nighot M, Dalessio S, Zhu J, Morris N, Clarke K. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Celiac Patients. Dig Dis 2023; 42:25-30. [PMID: 37939696 DOI: 10.1159/000534800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to evaluate the effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on the development and severity of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in celiac disease (CD). METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients older than 18 years of age at Milton S. Hershey Medical Center who were diagnosed with CD. We analyzed four cohorts of celiac patients: (1) IDA diagnosis with PPI usage, (2) no IDA diagnosis with PPI usage, (3) IDA diagnosis with no PPI usage, and (4) no IDA diagnosis with no PPI usage. We also stratified celiac patients with IDA by anemia severity. RESULTS Of 366 celiac patients, 92 (25.1%) were diagnosed with IDA, of which 60 (65.2%) were on a PPI. The mean Hgb of celiac patients with IDA on a PPI was 11.1 g/dL and 12.1 g/dL for those without PPI (p = 0.04). For all celiac patients on a PPI without IDA, the mean was 13.3 g/dL and 13.7 g/dL for those without PPI (p = 0.02). PPI use occurred in 12 (70.6%) of the 17 patients with low severity anemia, 11 (64.7%) of the 17 patients with medium severity and 6 (85.7%) of the 7 patients with severe (p = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS There is significant association between PPI use and IDA in celiac patients (p < 0.0001). Of those with IDA on PPIs, the distribution of the severity of anemia is not statistically different compared to those not on PPI. Discontinuation of PPIs or usage of alternative acid suppressive treatments may be indicated in patients with CD and iron deficiency anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghali Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon Dalessio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA,
| | - Junjia Zhu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kofi Clarke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Magro F, Pai RK, Kobayashi T, Jairath V, Rieder F, Redondo I, Lissoos T, Morris N, Shan M, Park M, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Resolving Histological Inflammation in Ulcerative Colitis With Mirikizumab in the LUCENT Induction and Maintenance Trial Programmes. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1457-1470. [PMID: 37057827 PMCID: PMC10588772 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To evaluate the effect of mirikizumab, a p19-targeted anti-interleukin-23, on histological and/or endoscopic outcomes in moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis [UC]. METHODS Endoscopic remission [ER], histological improvement [HI], histological remission [HR], histological-endoscopic mucosal improvement [HEMI], and histological-endoscopic mucosal remission [HEMR] were assessed at Week [W]12 [LUCENT-1: N = 1162, induction] and W40 [LUCENT-2: N = 544, maintenance] for patients randomised to mirikizumab or placebo. Analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of: HEMI at W12 with mirikizumab and HEMR at W40 in patients re-randomised to subcutaneous [SC] mirikizumab; associations between W12 histological/endoscopic endpoints and W40 outcomes in mirikizumab responders re-randomised to mirikizumab SC; and associations between W40 endoscopic normalisation [EN] with/without HR. RESULTS Significantly more patients treated with mirikizumab achieved HI, HR, ER, HEMI, and HEMR vs placebo [p <0.001], irrespective of prior biologic/tofacitinib failure [p <0.05]. Lower clinical baseline disease activity, female sex, no baseline immunomodulator use, and no prior biologic/tofacitinib failure were predictors of HEMI at W12 [p <0.05]. Corticosteroid use and longer disease duration were negative predictors of achieving HEMR at W40 [p <0.05]. W12 HI, HR, or ER was associated with W40 HEMI or HEMR [p <0.05]; ER at W12 was associated with clinical remission [CR] [p <0.05] and corticosteroid-free remission [CSFR] at W40 [p = 0.052]. HR and HEMR at W12 were associated with CSFR, CR, and symptomatic remission at W40. Alternate HEMR [EN + HR] at W40 was associated with bowel urgency remission at W40 [p <0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Early resolution of endoscopic and histological inflammation with mirikizumab is associated with better UC outcomes. Clinicaltrials.gov: LUCENT-1, NCT03518086; LUCENT-2, NCT03524092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Magro
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Isabel Redondo
- Eli Lilly Portugal, Produtos Farmacêuticos Lda., Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- University of Lorraine, Inserm, NGERE, Nancy, and Groupe Hospitalier Privé Ambroise Paré - Hartmann, Paris IBD Center, Neuilly sur Seine, France
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Sands BE, Feagan BG, Hunter Gibble T, Traxler KA, Morris N, Eastman WJ, Schreiber S, Jairath V, Long MD, Armuzzi A. Mirikizumab Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Moderately-to-Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis: Results From the Phase 3 LUCENT-1 Induction and LUCENT-2 Maintenance Studies. Crohns Colitis 360 2023; 5:otad070. [PMID: 38034882 PMCID: PMC10684049 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mirikizumab, an anti-IL-23p19 antibody, demonstrated efficacy in phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled LUCENT-1 (induction/NCT03518086) and LUCENT-2 (maintenance/NCT03524092) ulcerative colitis (UC) studies. We evaluated the effect of mirikizumab on quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes in these studies. Methods In LUCENT-1, 1162 patients with moderately-to-severely active UC were randomized 3:1 to receive mirikizumab 300 mg intravenous or placebo every 4 weeks (Q4W) for 12 weeks. In LUCENT-2, mirikizumab induction responders (N = 544) were re-randomized 2:1 to receive mirikizumab 200 mg subcutaneous or placebo Q4W through week (W) 40 (W52 of treatment). QoL was assessed at W12 and W52 using patient-reported outcomes. Treatments were statistically compared using analysis of covariance model (continuous outcomes) and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test (binary outcomes). Results At W12 and W52, mirikizumab showed significant improvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) total and domain scores (P < .001); 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical Component Summary (PCS), Mental Component Summary (MCS), and domain scores (P < .05); EQ-5D-5L scores (P < .001); Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (UC) scores (P < .05); Patient Global Rating of Severity (P < .001); and Patient Global Rating of Change (P < .01) scores. A significantly higher proportion of mirikizumab-treated patients achieved IBDQ response (W12: 72.7% vs 55.8%; W52: 79.2% vs 49.2%; P < .001), IBDQ remission (W12: 57.5% vs 39.8%; W52: 72.3% vs 43.0%; P < .001), and clinically important improvements in PCS (W12: 50.6% vs 41.5%; W52: 61.9% vs 36.9%; P < .01) and MCS (W12: 44.2% vs 37.8%; W52: 51.2% vs 34.6%; P < .05) scores. Conclusions Mirikizumab improved QoL in patients with moderately-to-severely active UC in phase 3 LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 studies. Clinical trials registration number LUCENT-1: NCT03518086; LUCENT-2: NCT03524092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Sands
- Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Alimentiv, Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Millie D Long
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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D'Haens G, Dubinsky M, Kobayashi T, Irving PM, Howaldt S, Pokrotnieks J, Krueger K, Laskowski J, Li X, Lissoos T, Milata J, Morris N, Arora V, Milch C, Sandborn W, Sands BE. Mirikizumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:2444-2455. [PMID: 37379135 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2207940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mirikizumab, a p19-directed antibody against interleukin-23, showed efficacy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in a phase 2 trial. METHODS We conducted two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of mirikizumab in adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. In the induction trial, patients were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive mirikizumab (300 mg) or placebo, administered intravenously, every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. In the maintenance trial, patients with a response to mirikizumab induction therapy were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive mirikizumab (200 mg) or placebo, administered subcutaneously, every 4 weeks for 40 weeks. The primary end points were clinical remission at week 12 in the induction trial and at week 40 (at 52 weeks overall) in the maintenance trial. Major secondary end points included clinical response, endoscopic remission, and improvement in bowel-movement urgency. Patients who did not have a response in the induction trial were allowed to receive open-label mirikizumab during the first 12 weeks of the maintenance trial as extended induction. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 1281 patients underwent randomization in the induction trial, and 544 patients with a response to mirikizumab underwent randomization again in the maintenance trial. Significantly higher percentages of patients in the mirikizumab group than in the placebo group had clinical remission at week 12 of the induction trial (24.2% vs. 13.3%, P<0.001) and at week 40 of the maintenance trial (49.9% vs. 25.1%, P<0.001). The criteria for all the major secondary end points were met in both trials. Adverse events of nasopharyngitis and arthralgia were reported more frequently with mirikizumab than with placebo. Among the 1217 patients treated with mirikizumab during the controlled and uncontrolled periods (including the open-label extension and maintenance periods) in the two trials, 15 had an opportunistic infection (including 6 with herpes zoster infection) and 8 had cancer (including 3 with colorectal cancer). Among the patients who received placebo in the induction trial, 1 had herpes zoster infection and none had cancer. CONCLUSIONS Mirikizumab was more effective than placebo in inducing and maintaining clinical remission in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Opportunistic infection or cancer occurred in a small number of patients treated with mirikizumab. (Funded by Eli Lilly; LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT03518086 and NCT03524092, respectively.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert D'Haens
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Marla Dubinsky
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Peter M Irving
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Stefanie Howaldt
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Juris Pokrotnieks
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Kathryn Krueger
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Janelle Laskowski
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Xingyuan Li
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Trevor Lissoos
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Joe Milata
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Nathan Morris
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Vipin Arora
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Catherine Milch
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - William Sandborn
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
| | - Bruce E Sands
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (G.D.); Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.D., B.E.S.); the Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (T.K.); Guy's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London - all in London (P.M.I.); Research Institute for IBD-HaFCED, Hamburg, Germany (S.H.); Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (J.P.); Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (K.K., J.L., X.L., T.L., J.M., N.M., V.A., C.M.); and the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (W.S.)
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Ravanelli N, Morris N, Morrison SA. 24-h movement behaviour, thermal perception, thirst, and heat management strategies of children and adults during heat alerts: a pilot study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1179844. [PMID: 37228814 PMCID: PMC10203601 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1179844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Heat waves caused by climate change are increasingly challenging the wellbeing of individuals across the lifespan. Current efforts to understand the thermal perceptions and behaviours of people throughout the lifespan during heat waves are limited. Methods: Since June 2021, the Active Heatwave project has been recruiting households to better understand how individuals perceive, cope, and behave during heat waves. Using our novel web platform, participants were prompted to answer our Heat Alert Survey on days when a participants geolocation corresponded to a broadcasted local heat alert. Participants provided 24-h movement behaviour, thirst, thermal perception, and cooling strategies via validated questionnaires. Results: A total of 285 participants (118 children) from 60 distinct weather station locations globally participated between June and September 2021 and 2022. At least 1 heat alert (834 total) were identified from 95% (57/60) of the weather stations. Children reported spending more time performing vigorous intensity exercise compared to adults (p < 0.05), but no differences in thermal sensation, thermal comfort, or thirst sensation (all p > 0.31) were observed. For thirst management, 88% of respondents used water to relieve thirst, although notably, 15% of adults reported using alcohol. Regardless of age, staying indoors was the most common heat management strategy, whereas visiting cooling centres was the least. Conclusion: The present study presents a proof-of-concept combining local heat alert notifications with e-questionnaires for collecting near-real-time perceptual and behavioural data for both children and adults during heat waves. The observed patterns of behaviour suggest that present public heat-health guidelines are often ignored, children engage in fewer heat management strategies compared to adults, and these disparities highlight the need to improve public health communication and knowledge dissemination around promoting effective and accessible cooling solutions for children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ravanelli
- School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Morris
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Shawnda A. Morrison
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Nighot M, Liao PL, Morris N, McCarthy D, Dharmaprakash V, Ullah Khan I, Dalessio S, Saha K, Ganapathy AS, Wang A, Ding W, Yochum G, Koltun W, Nighot P, Ma T. Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Disrupts Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Exaggerates Experimental Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:565-579. [PMID: 36322638 PMCID: PMC10115233 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors [PPIs] are widely used to treat a number of gastro-oesophageal disorders. PPI-induced elevation in intragastric pH may alter gastrointestinal physiology. The tight junctions [TJs] residing at the apical intercellular contacts act as a paracellular barrier. TJ barrier dysfunction is an important pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Recent studies suggest that PPIs may promote disease flares in IBD patients. The role of PPIs in intestinal permeability is not clear. AIM The aim of the present study was to study the effect of PPIs on the intestinal TJ barrier function. METHODS Human intestinal epithelial cell culture and organoid models and mouse IBD models of dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] and spontaneous enterocolitis in IL-10-/- mice were used to study the role of PPIs in intestinal permeability. RESULTS PPIs increased TJ barrier permeability via an increase in a principal TJ regulator, myosin light chain kinase [MLCK] activity and expression, in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. The PPI-induced increase in extracellular pH caused MLCK activation via p38 MAPK. Long-term PPI administration in mice exaggerated the increase in intestinal TJ permeability and disease severity in two independent models of DSS colitis and IL-10-/- enterocolitis. The TJ barrier disruption by PPIs was prevented in MLCK-/- mice. Human database studies revealed increased hospitalizations associated with PPI use in IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that long-term use of PPIs increases intestinal TJ permeability and exaggerates experimental colitis via an increase in MLCK expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Pei-Luan Liao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Dennis McCarthy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Viszwapriya Dharmaprakash
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Inam Ullah Khan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shannon Dalessio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kushal Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gregory Yochum
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Walter Koltun
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Thomas Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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9
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Morris N, Alldred M, Zarnoch C, Alter SE. Estuarine Sediment Microbiomes from a Chronosequence of Restored Urban Salt Marshes. Microb Ecol 2023; 85:916-930. [PMID: 36826588 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salt marshes play an important role in the global nutrient cycle. The sediments in these systems harbor diverse and complex bacterial communities possessing metabolic capacities that provide ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and removal. On the East Coast of the USA, salt marshes have been experiencing degradation due to anthropogenic stressors. Salt marsh islands within Jamaica Bay, New York City (USA), are surrounded by a large highly urbanized watershed and have declined in area. Restoration efforts have been enacted to reduce further loss, but little is known about how microbial communities develop following restoration activities, or how processes such as nitrogen cycling are impacted. Sediment samples were collected at two sampling depths from five salt marsh islands to characterize the bacterial communities found in marsh sediment including a post-restoration chronosequence of 3-12 years. We used 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing to define alpha and beta diversity, taxonomic composition, and predicted metabolic profile of each sediment sample. We found significant differences in alpha diversity between sampling depths, and significant differences in beta diversity, taxonomic composition, and predicted metabolic capacity among the five sampling locations. The youngest restored site and the degraded natural sampling site exhibited the most distinct communities among the five sites. Our findings suggest that while the salt marsh islands are located in close proximity to each other, they harbor distinct bacterial communities that can be correlated with post-restoration age, marsh health, and other environmental factors such as availability of organic carbon. IMPORTANCE: Salt marshes play a critical role in the global nutrient cycle due to sediment bacteria and their metabolic capacities. Many East Coast salt marshes have experienced significant degradation over recent decades, thought largely to be due to anthropogenic stressors such as nitrogen loading, urban development, and sea-level rise. Salt marsh islands in Jamaica Bay (Queens/Brooklyn NY) are exposed to high water column nitrogen due to wastewater effluent. Several receding marsh islands have been subjected to restoration efforts to mitigate this loss. Little is known about the effect marsh restoration has on bacterial communities, their metabolic capacity, or how they develop post-restoration. Here, we describe the bacterial communities found in marsh islands including a post-restoration chronosequence of 3-12 years and one degraded marsh island that remains unrestored. We found distinct communities at marsh sites, despite their geographic proximity. Differences in diversity and community composition were consistent with changes in organic carbon availability that occur during marsh development, and may result in differences in ecosystem function among sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Morris
- The Graduate Center City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- York College City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Mary Alldred
- Center for Earth and Environmental Science State University of New York (SUNY), Plattsburgh, NY, USA
| | - Chester Zarnoch
- The Graduate Center City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Baruch College City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Elizabeth Alter
- The Graduate Center City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- California State University-Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA.
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10
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Dignass A, Danese S, Matsuoka K, Ferrante M, Long M, Redondo I, Gibble TH, Moses R, Li X, Morris N, Milch C, Abreu M, Jones J. A185 SUSTAINED SYMPTOM CONTROL WITH MIRIKIZUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATELY TO SEVERELY ACTIVE ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN THE LUCENT-2 MAINTENANCE TRIAL. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991200 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mirikizumab (miri) improved symptom control in a Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled induction study at Week (W)12, in patients (pts) with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC; LUCENT-1). Purpose This analysis assessed sustained symptom control during the maintenance phase through W40 (W52 of continuous therapy), among pts who were induced into clinical response with miri. Method During the 40W maintenance study (LUCENT-2), pts (N=544) who achieved clinical response to miri 300mg Q4W by W12 of induction, were re-randomized 2:1 to subcutaneous (SC) miri 200mg (n=365) or PBO Q4W (n=179). We evaluated sustained control of stool frequency (SF), rectal bleeding (RB), bowel movement urgency (BU) and abdominal pain (AP). The proportion of pts achieving SF Remission (defined as SF=0, or SF=1 with a ≥1-point decrease from induction baseline [BL]), RB Remission (RB=0), Symptomatic Remission (both SF and RB Remission), Stable Maintenance of Symptomatic Remission (defined as pts in Symptomatic Remission for at least 7 out of 9 visits from W4 to W36 and also at Week 40 among pts in Symptomatic Remission and Clinical Response at the end of LUCENT-1), and AP Improvement (Numeric Rating Scale [NRS] pain score ≥30% improvement from BL in pts with baseline AP NRS ≥3) were assessed. BU NRS change from baseline, and the proportion of pts achieving BU Remission (NRS 0 or 1 in pts with BU NRS ≥3 at baseline) were evaluated. Result(s) A greater proportion of miri-treated pts achieved SF Remission, RB Remission and Symptomatic Remission compared to PBO at W40 (Table), with significant differences observed from W8 of LUCENT-2 (p=0.042; p=0.004; p=0.036, respectively) and maintained through W40. Miri-treated pts had a significantly higher percentage of Stable Maintenance of Symptomatic Remission (p<0.001). Pts in the miri-treatment group had a significantly greater mean reduction in BU NRS change from induction BL starting at W12 (p=0.034) onwards compared to PBO (Table). Pts assigned to miri accrued an additional 13.6 percentage-point benefit in BU Remission during the first 8W of maintenance therapy and achieved a significant greater improvement at W40 compared to PBO (p<0.001, Table). Similarly, AP was significantly improved for the miri-treated group starting at W16 (p=0.034) onwards compared to PBO. Image ![]()
Conclusion(s) Miri provides sustained control of UC symptoms including BU, RB, and SF compared to PBO in pts with moderately to severely active UC. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding; Eli Lilly and Company Disclosure of Interest A. Dignass Consultant of: AbbVie, Abivax, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb (Celgene), Celltrion, Dr. Falk Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Roche, Sandoz/Hexal, Takeda, Tillotts Pharma AG, and Vifor Pharma; has received lecture fees or honoraria from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dr. Falk Pharma, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, High5Md, Janssen, Materia, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Sandoz, Takeda, Tillotts Pharma AG, and Vifor Pharma, S. Danese Consultant of: AbbVie, Alimentiv, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Athos Therapeutics, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Dr. Falk Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Enthera, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, Hospira, Inotrem, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, Mylan, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz Sublimity, Takeda, TiGenix, UCB Pharma, and Vifor Pharma, Speakers bureau of: AbbVie, Amgen, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Mylan, Pfizer, and Takeda, K. Matsuoka Grant / Research support from: AbbVie, EA Pharma, JIMRO, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kyorin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mochida Pharmaceutical, and Zeria Pharmaceutical Nippon; lecture fees from: AbbVie, EA Pharma, JIMRO, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kyorin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Takeda, and Zeria Pharmaceutical Nippon, M. Ferrante Grant / Research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Janssen Cilag, Pfizer, Takeda, and Viatris, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Cilag, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sandoz, Takeda, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Speakers bureau of: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Dr. Falk Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Lamepro, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mylan, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Sandoz, Takeda, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, M. Long Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calibr, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech, Janssen, Pfizer, Prometheus Biosciences, Roche, Takeda, TARGET PharmaSolutions, and Theravance Biopharma, I. Redondo Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, T. Gibble Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, R. Moses Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, X. Li Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, N. Morris Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, C. Milch Employee of: Former employee, was employed at Eli Lilly and Company at the time of study, M. Abreu Grant / Research support from: Pfizer, Prometheus Biosciences, and Takeda, Consultant of: AbbVie, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Microba Life Sciences, Prometheus Biosciences, UCB Pharma, and WebMD, Speakers bureau of: Alimentiv, Intellisphere LLC (HCP Live Institutional Perspectives in GI), Janssen, Prime CME, and Takeda, J. Jones: None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dignass
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik I, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Danese
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - K Matsuoka
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ferrante
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Long
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - I Redondo
- Produtos Farmacêuticos, Lda., Eli Lilly Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - R Moses
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis
| | - X Li
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis
| | - N Morris
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis
| | - C Milch
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis
| | - M Abreu
- Miller School of Medicine, Crohn's and Colitis Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - J Jones
- Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Sands BE, Feagan B, Gibble TH, Traxler KA, Morris N, Li X, Schreiber S, Jairath V, Armuzzi A, Jones J. A31 MIRIKIZUMAB IMPROVES QUALITY OF LIFE IN MODERATELY-TO-SEVERELY ACTIVE UC: IMPROVEMENT IN IBDQ SCORES IN PARTICIPANTS OF LUCENT-1 AND LUCENT-2 RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED PHASE 3 TRIALS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991148 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) is a measure of health-related quality of life (QoL), with higher scores indicating greater QoL. In a prior phase 2 study (NCT02589665), mirikizumab, an anti-IL23p19 antibody, demonstrated efficacy and improvement in IBDQ scores in participants with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Purpose This analysis evaluated effect of mirikizumab (miri) vs placebo (PBO) on IBDQ scores in patients (pts) with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) who had failed prior conventional or biologic therapy in a Phase 3, double-blind, 12-week (W) induction study (LUCENT-1) followed by a 40W maintenance study (LUCENT-2) for a total of 52W continuous therapy. Method Pts (N=1162) in LUCENT-1 were randomized 3:1 to receive 300mg miri or PBO intravenously once every four weeks (Q4W). 544 pts who achieved Modified Mayo Score Clinical Response to miri by W12 of induction were rerandomized 2:1 in LUCENT-2 to subcutaneous miri 200mg or PBO Q4W in maintenance period. Randomization was stratified by previous biologic therapy failure, baseline corticosteroid use, and region. LUCENT-1 stratification included baseline (BL) disease activity, and LUCENT-2 included LUCENT-1 clinical remission status. The least squares mean change from BL in IBDQ scores at W12 of induction and W40 of maintenance was determined using analysis of covariance models. BL was W0 of therapy and stratification factors and BL scores were used as covariates. The Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) was defined as an improvement of ≥16 points in total IBDQ score (IBDQ response) and IBDQ remission as a total score ≥170 points. IBDQ response and remission were calculated using non-responder imputations. Treatments were compared using the common risk difference (risk diff). Result(s) Miri treatment resulted in significantly greater improvement from BL in IBDQ total and domain scores vs PBO at both W12 of induction and W40 of maintenance (52W treatment) (Table). The proportions of pts who achieved an IBDQ response was significantly greater for miri treated pts vs PBO at W12 (risk diff =17.1[95%CI:10.7, 23.5]) and W40 (29.5 [21.0, 37.9]). Significantly greater proportions of pts receiving miri achieved IBDQ remission at W12 (18.1 [11.8, 24.4]) and W40 (28.5 [20.1, 37.0]) vs PBO (all evaluations and timepoints: p<0.001). Image ![]()
Conclusion(s) Pts reported significantly greater improvements in IBDQ scores at induction and maintenance with miri compared to PBO. Over 75% of pts achieved a clinically meaningful improvement in QoL, as measured by IBDQ response, at the end of the 52 weeks of miri treatment. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding; Eli Lilly and Company Disclosure of Interest B. Sands Consultant of: Abivax, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Artugen Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bacainn Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calibr, Celltrion, ClostraBio, Eli Lilly and Company, Enthera, Evommune, Galapagos NV, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Gossamer Bio, InDex Pharmaceuticals, Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inotrem, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Kaleido Biosciences, Kallyope, MiroBio, Morphic Therapeutic, MRM Health, Pfizer, Progenity, Prometheus Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Protagonist Therapeutics, Q32 Bio, Surrozen, Takeda, Teva, TLL Pharmaceutical, USWM Enterprises, and Viela Bio, B. Feagan Shareholder of: Gossamer Bio, Consultant of: AbbVie, AdMIRx, AgomAb Therapeutics, Akebia Therapeutics, Alivio Therapeutics, Allakos, Amgen, Applied Molecular Transport, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Avir Pharma, Azora Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb, Connect BioPharma, Cytoki Pharma, Disc Medicine, Ecor1 Capital, Eli Lilly and Company, Equillium, Everest Clinical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos NV, Galen/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Gossamer Bio, HotSpot Therapeutics, Imhotex, ImmuNext, InDex Pharmaceuticals, Intact Therapeutics, Janssen, Japan Tobacco, Kaleido Biosciences, Leadiant Biosciences, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, MiroBio, Morphic Therapeutics, Mylan, Novartis, OM Pharma, Origo Biopharma, Otsuka, Pandion Therapeutics, Pfizer, Progenity, Prometheus Therapeutics and Diagnostics, PTM Therapeutics, Q32 Bio, Rebiotix, RedHill, Biopharma, Redx Pharma, Sandoz, Sanofi, Seres Therapeutics, Surrozen, Takeda, Teva, Thelium Therapeutics, Theravance Biopharma, TiGenix, Tillotts Pharma AG, UCB Pharma, VHsquared, Viatris, Ysios Capital, and Zealand Pharma, T. Gibble Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, K. Traxler Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, N. Morris Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, X. Li Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, S. Schreiber Grant / Research support from: personal fees and/or travel support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Eli Lilly and Company, Dr. Falk Pharma, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos NV, Gilead Sciences, I-MAB Biopharma, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Protagonist Therapeutics, Provention Bio, Roche, Sandoz/Hexal, Shire, Takeda, Theravance Biopharma, and UCB Pharma, V. Jairath Consultant of: AbbVie, Alimentiv, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Asahi Kasei Pharma, Asieris Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Eli Lilly and Company, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Flagship Pioneering, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos NV, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck, Mylan, Pandion Therapeutics, Pendopharm, Pfizer, Protagonist Therapeutics, Reistone Biopharma, Roche, Sandoz, Second Genome, Shire, Takeda, Teva, Topivert, Ventyx Biosciences, and Vividion Therapeutics, A. Armuzzi Consultant of: AbbVie, Allergan, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Eli Lilly and Company, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos NV, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Protagonist Therapeutics, Roche, Samsung Bioepis, Sandoz, Takeda, and TiGenix, J. Jones: None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Sands
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - B Feagan
- Gastroenterology, Alimentiv Inc., London, Canada
| | - T H Gibble
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, United States
| | - K A Traxler
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, United States
| | - N Morris
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, United States
| | - X Li
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, United States
| | - S Schreiber
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - A Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - J Jones
- Division of Digestive Care and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Danese S, Dignass A, Matsuoka K, Ferrante M, Long M, Redondo I, Gibble TH, Moses R, Morris N, Li X, Milch C, Abreu M, Jones J. A184 EARLY SYMPTOM CONTROL WITH MIRIKIZUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATELY TO SEVERELY ACTIVE ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN THE LUCENT-1 INDUCTION TRIAL. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991172 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mirikizumab (miri), an anti-IL23/p19 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated efficacy compared with placebo (PBO) in the Phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double-blind LUCENT-1 induction study in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC, NCT03518086). Purpose This analysis assessed early onset of symptomatic improvement and symptomatic control during induction. Method During the 12-week (W) induction study, 1162 adult patients (pts) with inadequate response, loss of response, or were intolerant to conventional therapy or biologic or tofacitinib therapy for UC, received miri IV Q4W (N=868) or PBO (N=294). We evaluated improvement for symptoms of stool frequency (SF), rectal bleeding (RB) and bowel movement urgency (BU), abdominal pain and fatigue. BU Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) change from baseline (BL), BU Clinical Meaningful Improvement (CMI), BU Remission, Fatigue NRS change from BL, Abdominal Pain Improvement, as well as SF Remission, RB Remission, Symptomatic Response and Symptomatic Remission were assessed. Result(s) As early as W2, miri-treated pts achieved a significantly greater reduction in RB subscores (p=0.001) and in SF subscores (p=0.035). From W2 and W4, a significantly greater percentage achieved SF Remission and RB Remission, respectively compared to PBO. A significantly greater percentage of miri-treated pts achieved Symptomatic Response compared to PBO from W2 (p=0.003) and of Symptomatic Remission compared with PBO from W4 (p<0.001). Miri-treated pts showed a significantly greater mean reduction in BU NRS scores as early as W2 compared to PBO (p=0.004). From W4, a significantly greater percentage of miri-treated pts achieved BU CMI versus PBO (p=0.044). From W7 onwards, a significantly greater percentage achieved BU Remission (p=0.002). The pts showed a significantly greater mean reduction in Fatigue NRS scores from W2 compared to PBO (p=0.014). As early as W4, a significant reduction of at least 30% in Abdominal Pain NRS score from BL was observed in the miri-treated pts compared with PBO (p=0.007). At W12, a significantly greater proportion of miri-treated pts achieved Symptomatic Response, Symptomatic Remission, RB Remission, SF Remission, BU change from BL, BU CMI and Remission, as well as Fatigue and Abdominal Pain Improvement, compared to PBO (Table). Image ![]()
Conclusion(s) Miri provides rapid control of UC symptoms, including BU and fatigue, as early as W2 compared with PBO in pts with moderately to severely active UC. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding; Eli Lilly and Company Disclosure of Interest S. Danese Consultant of: AbbVie, Alimentiv, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Athos Therapeutics, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Dr. Falk Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Enthera, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, Hospira, Inotrem, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, Mylan, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz Sublimity, Takeda, TiGenix, UCB Pharma, and Vifor Pharma, Speakers bureau of: AbbVie, Amgen, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Mylan, Pfizer, and Takeda, A. Dignass Consultant of: AbbVie, Abivax, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb (Celgene), Celltrion, Dr. Falk Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Roche, Sandoz/Hexal, Takeda, Tillotts Pharma AG, and Vifor Pharma, Speakers bureau of: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dr. Falk Pharma, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, High5Md, Janssen, Materia, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Sandoz, Takeda, Tillotts Pharma AG, and Vifor Pharma, K. Matsuoka Grant / Research support from: AbbVie, EA Pharma, JIMRO, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kyorin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mochida Pharmaceutical, and Zeria Pharmaceutical Nippon, Speakers bureau of: AbbVie, EA Pharma, JIMRO, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kyorin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Takeda, and Zeria Pharmaceutical Nippon, M. Ferrante Grant / Research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Janssen Cilag, Pfizer, Takeda, and Viatris, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Cilag, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sandoz, Takeda, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Speakers bureau of: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Dr. Falk Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Lamepro, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mylan, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Sandoz, Takeda, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, M. Long Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calibr, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech, Janssen, Pfizer, Prometheus Biosciences, Roche, Takeda, TARGET PharmaSolutions, and Theravance Biopharma, I. Redondo Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, T. Gibble Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, R. Moses Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, N. Morris Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, X. Li Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, C. Milch Employee of: former employee, was employed at Eli Lilly and Company at the time of study, M. Abreu Grant / Research support from: Pfizer, Prometheus Biosciences, and Takeda, Consultant of: AbbVie, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Microba Life Sciences, Prometheus Biosciences, UCB Pharma, and WebMD, Speakers bureau of: Alimentiv, Intellisphere LLC (HCP Live Institutional Perspectives in GI), Janssen, Prime CME, and Takeda, J. Jones: None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- S Danese
- Gastrointestinal immunopathology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Dignass
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik I, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Matsuoka
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ferrante
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Long
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - I Redondo
- Produtos Farmacêuticos, Lda., Eli Lilly Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - R Moses
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis
| | - N Morris
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis
| | - X Li
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis
| | - C Milch
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis
| | - M Abreu
- Miller School of Medicine, Crohn's and Colitis Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - J Jones
- Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Dubinsky MC, Jairath V, Feagan BG, Naegeli AN, Tuttle J, Morris N, Shan M, Arora V, Lissoos T, Agada N, Hibi T, Sands BE. Changes in health-related quality of life and associations with improvements in clinical efficacy: a Phase 2 study of mirikizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2023; 10:bmjgast-2023-001115. [PMID: 37001911 PMCID: PMC10069555 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mirikizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-23 p19 subunit, was effective in a Phase 2 study (NCT02589665) of moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). We studied mirikizumab's impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). DESIGN HRQoL was evaluated using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS). Mixed effects models for repeated measures compared score changes between mirikizumab and placebo groups. Additional analyses evaluated associations between HRQoL score changes and achievement of efficacy endpoints at weeks 12 and 52. RESULTS At week 12, IBDQ improved compared with placebo for all mirikizumab groups except mirikizumab 50 mg (50 mg, p=0.073; 200 mg, p<0.001; 600 mg, p<0.001). SF-36 PCS was significantly higher in all mirikizumab groups at week 12 (50 mg, p=0.011; 200 mg, p=0.022; 600 mg, p=0.002); MCS was significantly higher in mirikizumab 200 and 600 mg groups compared with placebo (50 mg, p=0.429; 200 mg, p=0.028; 600 mg, p<0.001). Achievement of clinical response and remission were associated with greater HRQoL improvements at week 12. Improvements in HRQoL scores were sustained through week 52. Of the clinical symptoms evaluated, reduction in rectal bleeding was associated with greater improvements in IBDQ and SF-36 scores. CONCLUSION Mirikizumab improved HRQoL in patients with moderately-to-severely active UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla C Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv, Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Alimentiv, Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jay Tuttle
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | - Vipin Arora
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Noah Agada
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Grossman D, Raifman S, Morris N, Biggs MA, Arena A, Bachrach L, Beaman J, Collins A, Gold M, Hannum C, Ho S, Middleton T, Schwarz EB, Tocce K, Seibold-Simpson S, Sobota M, Wohler D. P025Mail-order pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone for medication abortion after in-person clinical assessment. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dubinsky MC, Panaccione R, Lewis JD, Sands BE, Hibi T, Lee SD, Naegeli AN, Shan M, Green LA, Morris N, Arora V, Bleakman AP, Belin R, Travis S. Impact of Bowel Urgency on Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Crohns Colitis 360 2022; 4:otac016. [PMID: 36777426 PMCID: PMC9802402 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bowel urgency is commonly experienced by patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and is associated with reduced health-related quality of life (QoL). Mirikizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the p19 subunit of IL-23, significantly reduced bowel urgency in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with moderate-to-severe UC (NCT02589665). Methods All patients (N = 249) reported symptoms including absence or presence of bowel urgency. Absence of urgency was defined as no urgency for the 3 consecutive days prior to each scheduled visit. Missing urgency data were imputed as present. After 12 weeks of induction treatment, patients who achieved clinical response continued maintenance mirikizumab treatment through Week 52. We assessed the relationship of urgency with QoL, clinical outcomes, and inflammatory biomarkers at Weeks 12 and 52. Results Patients with absence of urgency demonstrated significantly greater improvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) scores even after adjusting for rectal bleeding (RB) and stool frequency (SF), significantly higher rates of all clinical outcomes at Weeks 12 and 52, and a greater decrease in inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin compared to those with presence of urgency. Absence of urgency at Week 12 was associated with improved IBDQ scores at Week 52, while Week 12 RB or SF status was not. Conclusions Absence of urgency is strongly associated with improvement in QoL as well as clinical measures of UC disease activity. These findings suggest urgency may be a useful surrogate marker of disease activity and an important treatment target for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla C Dubinsky
- Address correspondence to: Marla C. Dubinsky, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustav Levy Place, Box 1134, New York, NY 10029, USA ()
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James D Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato Institute Hospital Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Scott D Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Vipin Arora
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IndianaUSA
| | | | - Ruth Belin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IndianaUSA
| | - Simon Travis
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Biggs M, Ehrenreich K, Morris N, Blanchard K, Bustamante C, Choimorrow S, Hauser D, Hernandez Y, Kapp N, Kromenaker T, Moayedi G, Perritt J, Ralph L, Raymond E, Valladares E, White K, Grossman D. Comprehension of an Over-the-counter Drug Facts Label Prototype for a Mifepristone and Misoprostol Medication Abortion Product. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cross RK, Naegeli AN, Harrison RW, Moore PC, Mackey RH, Crabtree MM, Lemay CA, Arora V, Morris N, Sontag A, Kayhan C, Korzenik JR. Disease Burden and Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Ulcerative Colitis Patients According to Therapy at Enrollment Into CorEvitas' Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry. Crohns Colitis 360 2022; 4:otac007. [PMID: 36777423 PMCID: PMC9802151 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate disease burden and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients at enrollment into CorEvitas' Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry by therapy class. Methods Between May 3, 2017 and September 3, 2019, 773 UC registry patients were categorized by therapy class at enrollment: patients on 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASAs) only (n = 290), and patients on biologics/Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) alone or in combination with 5-ASAs or immunosuppressant therapies (BIO/JAKi) (n = 315). To quantify between group differences, the mean/proportional differences and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated. Results Among 605 UC patients at enrollment, BIO/JAKi patients were younger (44.1 vs. 50.9 years) more were female (58.0% vs. 49.7%), had lower remission (45.4% vs. 60.0%), had more moderate/severe disease (16.5% vs. 7.1%), experienced less proctitis (10.5% vs. 22.1%), but more pancolitis (54.6% vs. 34.1%), more corticosteroid experience (70.8% vs. 44.5%), previous biologic experience (1 prior: 21.6% vs. 2.4%; 2+ prior: 12.1% vs. 0.3%), and shorter duration of current UC therapy (1.6 vs. 3.5 years) than 5-ASAs patients. BIO/JAKi patients had higher current employment than 5-ASAs patients (70.7% vs. 62.4%) and higher mean Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) domains for absenteeism (7.3 vs. 2.8) and activity impairment (22.0 vs. 17.5). Conclusions Among UC patients in a real-world setting, BIO/JAKi patients had less remission, more moderate-to-severe disease, and worse PROs than 5-ASAs patients. These results suggest that despite increased therapeutic options, patients with UC currently being treated with biologics or JAKi may still experience disease burden and continued unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Cross
- Address correspondence to: Raymond K. Cross, MD, MS, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Suite 800, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ()
| | | | | | | | - Rachel H Mackey
- CorEvitas, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburg Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Vipin Arora
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | - Cem Kayhan
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joshua R Korzenik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rutstein A, Baldini M, Morris N, Atherton J, McCormack L, Wong Y, Dashwood A, Wee Y, McKenzie S, Wang W, Hill J, Denman R, Ng K, Haqqani H. Embedding Genetic Counselling Into Cardiology Clinics: Case Studies From a Queensland Cardiology Genomics Service. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Baldini M, Rutstein A, Morris N. Getting to the Heart of Genomics: Mainstreaming Cardiology Genomics in Queensland. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bourne M, Duhig S, Hajek M, Headrick J, Mingin C, Morris N, Roberts L, Shield A, Williams M. Relationships between trunk morphology and strength with non-contact lower limb injuries in elite rugby league and Australian football players. J Sci Med Sport 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grossman D, Raifman S, Morris N, Arena A, Bachrach LR, Beaman J, Biggs MA, Hannum C, Ho S, Schwarz EB, Gold M. POSTER ABSTRACTS. Contraception 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Biggs M, Ralph L, Morris N, Ehrenreich K, Perritt J, Kapp N, Raymond E, Grossman D. P8 ‘Abortion patients’ interest in obtaining medication abortion over-the-counter (OTC). Contraception 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Daanen H, Bose-O'Reilly S, Brearley M, Flouris DA, Gerrett NM, Huynen M, Jones HM, Lee JKW, Morris N, Norton I, Nybo L, Oppermann E, Shumake-Guillemot J, Van den Hazel P. COVID-19 and thermoregulation-related problems: Practical recommendations. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 8:1-11. [PMID: 33553500 PMCID: PMC7849778 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1790971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic started in the cold months of the year 2020 in the Northern hemisphere. Concerns were raised that the hot season may lead to additional problems as some typical interventions to prevent heat-related illness could potentially conflict with precautions to reduce coronavirus transmission. Therefore, an international research team organized by the Global Health Heat Information Network generated an inventory of the specific concerns about this nexus and began to address the issues. Three key thermal and covid-19 related topics were highlighted: 1) For the general public, going to public cool areas in the hot season interferes with the recommendation to stay at home to reduce the spread of the virus. Conflicting advice makes it necessary to revise national heat plans and alert policymakers of this forecasted issue. 2) For medical personnel working in hot conditions, heat strain is exacerbated due to a reduction in heat loss from wearing personal protective equipment to prevent contamination. To avoid heat-related injuries, medical personnel are recommended to precool and to minimize the increase in body core temperature using adopted work/rest schedules, specific clothing systems, and by drinking cold fluids. 3) Fever, one of the main symptoms of COVID-19, may be difficult to distinguish from heat-induced hyperthermia and a resting period may be necessary prior to measurement to avoid misinterpretation. In summary, heat in combination with the COVID-19 pandemic leads to additional problems; the impact of which can be reduced by revising heat plans and implementing special measures attentive to these compound risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Daanen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences. Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Bose-O'Reilly
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,Institute for Public Health, Medical Decision Making and HTA, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria.,Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Munich, Germany
| | - Matt Brearley
- National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Australia
| | - D Andreas Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Nicola M Gerrett
- Department of Human Movement Sciences. Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Huynen
- Maastricht University Institute (MSI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hunter M Jones
- University Corporation for Atmospheric Research in Service to the U.S. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ian Norton
- Respond Global, Australia.,Previously World Health Organization, Switzerland
| | - Lars Nybo
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elspeth Oppermann
- Department Für Geographie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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24
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Peterson ML, Gandhi NR, Clennon J, Nelson KN, Morris N, Ismail N, Allana S, Campbell A, Brust JCM, Auld SC, Mathema B, Mlisana K, Moodley P, Shah NS. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis 'hotspots' and sociodemographic associations in Durban, South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 23:720-727. [PMID: 31315705 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, the incidence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is driven by the transmission of resistant strains. As data suggest that cases may be spatially clustered, we sought to identify 'hotspots' and describe these communities. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We enrolled XDR-TB patients diagnosed from 2011 to 2014 in eThekwini. Global positioning system (GPS) coordinates for participant homes were collected and hotspots were identified based on population-adjusted XDR-TB incidence. The sociodemographic features of hotspots were characterised using census data. For a subset of participants, we mapped non-home XDR-TB congregate locations and compared these with results including only homes. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Among 132 participants, 75 (57%) were female and 87 (66%) lived in urban or suburban locations. Fifteen of 197 census tracts were identified as XDR-TB hotspots with ≥95% confidence. Four spatial mapping methods identified one large hotspot in northeastern eThekwini. Hotspot communities had higher proportions of low educational attainment (12% vs. 9%) and unemployment (29.3% vs. 20.4%), and lower proportion of homes with flush toilets (36.4% vs. 68.9%). The case density shifted towards downtown Durban when congregate locations (e.g., workplaces) for 43 (33%) participants were mapped. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> In eThekwini, XDR-TB case homes were clustered into hotspots with more poverty indicators than non-hotspots. Prevention efforts targeting hotspot communities and congregate settings may be effective in reducing community transmission. </sec>.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Peterson
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - N R Gandhi
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J Clennon
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - K N Nelson
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - N Morris
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg
| | - N Ismail
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Allana
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - A Campbell
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J C M Brust
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - S C Auld
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - B Mathema
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - K Mlisana
- National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - P Moodley
- National Health Laboratory Service, Durban
| | - N S Shah
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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O'Donnell R, Jack-Roberts C, Killie N, Klatt K, Courville A, Schoenfeld M, Bernstein S, Zambell K, Morris N, Huang W, Rotman Y. A Multi-component Dietary Intervention to Reduce Weight and Liver Fat in NAFLD Patients. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Akbarzadeh M, Moghimbeigi A, Morris N, Daneshpour MS, Mahjub H, Soltanian AR. A Bayesian structural equation model in general pedigree data analysis. Stat Anal Data Min 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sam.11434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Moghimbeigi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public HealthHamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio
| | - Maryam S. Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Mahjub
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public HealthHamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public HealthHamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
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27
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Malhotra I, LaBeaud AD, Morris N, McKibben M, Mungai P, Muchiri E, King CL, King CH. Cord Blood Antiparasite Interleukin 10 as a Risk Marker for Compromised Vaccine Immunogenicity in Early Childhood. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1426-1434. [PMID: 29390149 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antenatal exposure to parasites can affect infants' subsequent responses to vaccination. The present study investigated how maternal prenatal infections and newborns' antiparasite cytokine profiles relate to immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to standard vaccination during infancy. Methods A total of 450 Kenyan women were tested for parasitic infections during pregnancy. Their newborns' responses to Plasmodium falciparum, schistosome, and filaria antigens were assessed in cord blood lymphocytes. Following standard neonatal vaccination, this infant cohort was followed biannually to age 30 months for measurement of circulating IgG levels against Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib), diphtheria toxoid (DT), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and tetanus toxoid. Results Trajectories of postvaccination IgG levels were classified by functional principal component (PC) analysis to assess each child's response profile. Two main components, PC1, reflecting height of response over time, and PC2, reflecting crossover from high to low responses or from low to high responses, were identified. Cord blood cytokine responses to schistosome and filarial antigens showed a significant association between augmented antihelminth interleukin 10 and reduced antibody levels, particularly to DT and HBV, and a more rapid postvaccination decline in circulating IgG levels against Hib. Conclusion Antenatal sensitization to schistosomiasis or filariasis and related production of antiparasite interleukin 10 at birth are associated with reduced antivaccine IgG levels in infancy, with possibly impaired protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Malhotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - A Desiree LaBeaud
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Child Health Research Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Nathan Morris
- Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maxim McKibben
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter Mungai
- Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Muchiri
- Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christopher L King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charles H King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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28
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Jones MB, Alvarez CA, Johnson JL, Zhou JY, Morris N, Cobb BA. CD45Rb-low effector T cells require IL-4 to induce IL-10 in FoxP3 Tregs and to protect mice from inflammation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216893. [PMID: 31120919 PMCID: PMC6533033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ effector/memory T cells (Tem) represent a leading edge of the adaptive immune system responsible for protecting the body from infection, cancer, and other damaging processes. However, a subset of Tem cells with low expression of CD45Rb (RbLoTem) has been shown to suppress inflammation despite their effector surface phenotype and the lack of FoxP3 expression, the canonical transcription factor found in most regulatory T cells. In this report, we show that RbLoTem cells can suppress inflammation by influencing Treg behavior. Co-culturing activated RbLoTem and Tregs induced high expression of IL-10 in vitro, and conditioned media from RbLoTem cells induced IL-10 expression in FoxP3+ Tregs in vitro and in vivo, indicating that RbLoTem cells communicate with Tregs in a cell-contact independent fashion. Transcriptomic and multi-analyte Luminex data identified both IL-2 and IL-4 as potential mediators of RbLoTem-Treg communication, and antibody-mediated neutralization of either IL-4 or CD124 (IL-4Rα) prevented IL-10 induction in Tregs. Moreover, isolated Tregs cultured with recombinant IL-2 and IL-4 strongly induced IL-10 production. Using house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway inflammation as a model, we confirmed that the in vivo suppressive activity of RbLoTem cells was lost in IL-4-ablated RbLoTem cells. These data support a model in which RbLoTem cells communicate with Tregs using a combination of IL-2 and IL-4 to induce robust expression of IL-10 and suppression of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Jones
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jenny L. Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Julie Y. Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian A. Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Khan Z, Morris N, Unterrainer H, Haiden N, Holasek SJ, Urlesberger B. Effect of standardized feeding protocol on nutrient supply and postnatal growth of preterm infants: A prospective study. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2018; 11:11-19. [PMID: 29689751 DOI: 10.3233/npm-18179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is a medical emergency and it is becoming evident that adequate nutrition starting in the first hours of life is of major importance for short and even more so for long-term health outcomes of the premature newborn. The aim was to analyze postnatal nutrient supply and growth patterns of preterm infants in response to a standardized feeding protocol during stay at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted at NICU, Children Hospital Graz. Infants were divided in two groups:<28 weeks (Extremely preterm infants, EPI); ≥28 weeks (very preterm infants, VPI). RESULTS EPI compared to VPI stayed longer on parenteral nutrition and needed more time to reach full enteral nutrition, required more days on ventilation and had a higher corrected age at discharge. Moreover, fortification of enteral feeds was initiated later in EPI group (p < 0.001). As a consequence, cumulative supply of protein, fat and energy was significantly lower in EPI. However, both groups exceeded the European Society of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) recommended glucose intake in week 5. At discharge, we found significant differences in all growth parameters (weight Z scores: EPI = - 1.19 vs VPI = - 0.71, length Z scores: EPI = - 1.62 vs VPI = - 0.84; HC Z scores: EPI = - 1.19 vs VPI = - 0.46). CONCLUSIONS Provision of aggressive parenteral nutrition during first 3 weeks of life and earlier fortification should be ensured. The use of mother milk fortifier resulted in glucose intake above the ESPGHAN recommendations in later weeks - this needs to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Khan
- Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Morris
- Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - H Unterrainer
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - N Haiden
- Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - S J Holasek
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - B Urlesberger
- Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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30
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Hanson G, Alhusaini N, Morris N, Sweet T, Coller J. Translation elongation and mRNA stability are coupled through the ribosomal A-site. RNA 2018; 24:1377-1389. [PMID: 29997263 PMCID: PMC6140462 DOI: 10.1261/rna.066787.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation plays a critical role in regulating transcript levels in eukaryotic cells. Previous work by us and others has shown that codon identity exerts a powerful influence on mRNA stability. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, studies using a handful of reporter mRNAs show that optimal codons increase translation elongation rate, which in turn increases mRNA stability. However, a direct relationship between elongation rate and mRNA stability has not been established across the entire yeast transcriptome. In addition, there is evidence from work in higher eukaryotes that amino acid identity influences mRNA stability, raising the question as to whether the impact of translation elongation on mRNA decay is at the level of tRNA decoding, amino acid incorporation, or some combination of each. To address these questions, we performed ribosome profiling of wild-type yeast. In good agreement with other studies, our data showed faster codon-specific elongation over optimal codons and faster transcript-level elongation correlating with transcript optimality. At both the codon-level and transcript-level, faster elongation correlated with increased mRNA stability. These findings were reinforced by showing increased translation efficiency and kinetics for a panel of 11 HIS3 reporter mRNAs of increasing codon optimality. While we did observe that elongation measured by ribosome profiling is composed of both amino acid identity and synonymous codon effects, further analyses of these data establish that A-site tRNA decoding rather than other steps of translation elongation is driving mRNA decay in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Hanson
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Najwa Alhusaini
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Statistical Science Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Thomas Sweet
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jeff Coller
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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31
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Morris N, Cai T, Lee S, Wang C, Yu TW, Walsh CA, Lin X. Rare variant association test in family-based sequencing studies. Brief Bioinform 2018; 18:954-961. [PMID: 27677958 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to introduce valid and robust methods for the analysis of rare variants for family-based exome chips, whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing data. Family-based designs provide unique opportunities to detect genetic variants that complement studies of unrelated individuals. Currently, limited methods and software tools have been developed to assist family-based association studies with rare variants, especially for analyzing binary traits. In this article, we address this gap by extending existing burden and kernel-based gene set association tests for population data to related samples, with a particular emphasis on binary phenotypes. The proposed approach blends the strengths of kernel machine methods and generalized estimating equations. Importantly, the efficient generalized kernel score test can be applied as a mega-analysis framework to combine studies with different designs. We illustrate the application of the proposed method using data from an exome sequencing study of autism. Methods discussed in this article are implemented in an R package 'gskat', which is available on CRAN and GitHub.
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32
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Almashali M, McDowell G, Morris N, Body R. P821Absolute and relative changes (delta) cardiac troponin I using a contemporary point of care assay for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Almashali
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Healthcare Science, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G McDowell
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Healthcare Science, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - N Morris
- University of Manchester, Cardiovascular Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Body
- University of Manchester, Cardiovascular Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom, Manchester, United Kingdom
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33
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Humphrey E, Morris N, Leighton M, Rahmani R, Rahnejat H. Multiscale Friction in Lubricant-Surface Systems for High-Performance Transmissions Under Mild Wear. Tribol Lett 2018; 66:77. [PMID: 30956512 PMCID: PMC6417399 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-018-1032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lubricant-surface system is complex in nature and can significantly affect the frictional performance of high-performance transmission systems. The complexity stems from the coupled mechanical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interfacial tooth conjunctions. A combined analytical and precision experimental approach is presented to analyse the salient parameters of the lubricant-surface system. A multiscale procedure comprising topographical measurement, pin-on-disc tribometry, atomic force microscopy in lateral force mode, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and continuum contact mechanics analysis under mixed non-Newtonian thermo-elastohydrodynamics is used to describe the formation of a tribo-film, as well as wear and frictional characteristics of the lubricant-surface system. The contribution of chemisorbed and physisorbed bonded tribo-film on the boundary coefficient of friction is ascertained at different physical scales. Therefore, the paper presents a novel multiscale analysis, promoting improved understanding of the complex interactions between mechanisms of friction, wear and surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Humphrey
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - N. Morris
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - M. Leighton
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - R. Rahmani
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - H. Rahnejat
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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34
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Reynolds JD, Jenkins T, Matto F, Nazemian R, Farhan O, Morris N, Longphre JM, Hess DT, Moon RE, Piantadosi CA, Stamler JS. Pharmacologic Targeting of Red Blood Cells to Improve Tissue Oxygenation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:553-563. [PMID: 29238951 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of microvascular blood flow is a common cause of tissue hypoxia in disease, yet no therapies are available that directly target the microvasculature to improve tissue oxygenation. Red blood cells (RBCs) autoregulate blood flow through S-nitroso-hemoglobin (SNO-Hb)-mediated export of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity. We therefore tested the idea that pharmacological enhancement of RBCs using the S-nitrosylating agent ethyl nitrite (ENO) may provide a novel approach to improve tissue oxygenation. Serial ENO dosing was carried out in sheep (1-400 ppm) and humans (1-100 ppm) at normoxia and at reduced fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ). ENO increased RBC SNO-Hb levels, corrected hypoxia-induced deficits in tissue oxygenation, and improved measures of oxygen utilization in both species. No adverse effects or safety concerns were identified. Inasmuch as impaired oxygenation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, ENO may have widespread therapeutic utility, providing a first-in-class agent targeting the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Trevor Jenkins
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Faisal Matto
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan Nazemian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Obada Farhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John M Longphre
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas T Hess
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard E Moon
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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35
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Shein SL, Farhan O, Morris N, Mahmood N, Alter SJ, Biagini Myers JM, Gunkelman SM, Kercsmar CM, Khurana Hershey GK, Martin LJ, McCoy KS, Ruddy JR, Ross KR. Adjunctive Pharmacotherapies in Children With Asthma Exacerbations Requiring Continuous Albuterol Therapy: Findings From The Ohio Pediatric Asthma Repository. Hosp Pediatr 2018; 8:hpeds.2017-0088. [PMID: 29305409 PMCID: PMC5790298 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2017-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify associations between use of ipratropium and/or intravenous magnesium and outcomes of children hospitalized with acute asthma exacerbations and treated with continuous albuterol. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from children prospectively enrolled in the multicenter Ohio Pediatric Asthma Repository restricted to only children who were treated with continuous albuterol in their initial inpatient location. Children were treated with adjunctive therapies per the clinical team. RESULTS Among 242 children who received continuous albuterol, 94 (39%) received ipratropium only, 13 (5%) received magnesium alone, 42 (17%) received both, and 93 (38%) received neither. The median duration of continuous albuterol was 7.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.8-12.0) hours. Ipratropium use was associated with a shorter duration of continuous albuterol (4.9 [IQR: 2.0-10.0] hours) compared with dual therapy (11.0 [IQR: 5.6-28.6] hours; P = .001), but magnesium use was not (7.5 [IQR: 2.5-16.0] hours; P = .542). In Cox proportional models (adjusted for hospital, demographics, treatment location, and respiratory failure), magnesium was associated with longer durations of continuous albuterol (hazard ratio, 0.54 [95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.77]; P < .001) and hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.41 [95% confidence interval: 0.28-0.60]; P < .001), but ipratropium was not. CONCLUSIONS Ipratropium and magnesium were both often used in children with severe asthma hospitalizations that required continuous albuterol therapy. Magnesium use was associated with unfavorable outcomes, possibly reflecting preferential treatment to patients with more severe cases and differing practices between centers. Given the high prevalence of asthma, wide variations in practice, and the potential to improve outcomes and costs, prospective trials of these adjunctive therapies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Obada Farhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Sherman J Alter
- Department of Pediatrics, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa J Martin
- Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Karen S McCoy
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Jennifer R Ruddy
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, ProMedica Toledo Children's Hospital, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Kristie R Ross
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
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Lin A, Strugnell W, Seale H, Morris N. Evaluation of Outpatient Exercise Training on Biventricular Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Using Exercise Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pilot Study. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lin A, Seale H, Hamilton-Craig C, Morris N, Strugnell W. Quantification of Biventricular Strain and Assessment of Ventricular Interaction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Using Exercise Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Myocardial Feature Tracking. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hwang R, Bruning J, Morris N, Mandrusiak A, Russell T. Cost–Utility Analysis of Home-Based Tele–Rehabilitation Compared with Centre-Based Programme in Patients with Heart Failure. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
We deal with the following question: Can the consumption of contaminated bush meat, the funeral practices and the environmental contamination explain the recurrence and persistence of Ebola virus disease outbreaks in Africa? We develop an SIR-type model which, incorporates both the direct and indirect transmissions in such a manner that there is a provision of Ebola viruses. We prove that the full model has one (endemic) equilibrium which is locally asymptotically stable whereas, it is globally asymptotically stable in the absence of the Ebola virus shedding in the environment. For the sub-model without the provision of Ebola viruses, the disease dies out or stabilizes globally at an endemic equilibrium. At the endemic level, the number of infectious is larger for the full model than for the sub-model without provision of Ebola viruses. We design a nonstandard finite difference scheme, which preserves the dynamics of the model. Numerical simulations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Berge
- a Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
- b Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences , University of Dschang , Dschang , Cameroon
| | - J M-S Lubuma
- a Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - G M Moremedi
- c Department of Mathematical Sciences , University of South Africa , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - N Morris
- d Department of Forensic Medicine , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - R Kondera-Shava
- e Department of Mathematical Sciences , University of Botswana , Gaborone , Botswana
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Gunzler DD, Morris N, Dalton JE, McCormick R, Dawson NV, Thomas C, Kanuch S, Cassidy KA, Athey M, Fuentes-Casiano E, Lawless ME, Martin S, Einstadter D, Sajatovic M. Clinic Appointment Attendance in Adults with Serious Mental Illness and Diabetes. Am J Health Behav 2017; 41:810-821. [PMID: 29025509 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.41.6.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed characteristics that may predict outpatient appointment attendance in outpatient medical clinics among patients comorbid for serious mental illness (SMI) and type 2 diabetes (DM). METHODS Baseline covariate data from 200 individuals with SMI-DM enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) were used to examine characteristics associated with electronic health record-identified clinic appointment attendance using a generalized estimating equations approach. The analyses evaluated the relationship between clinic attendance and potentially modifiable factors including disease knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, physical health, and mental health, as well as demographic information. RESULTS Demographic and mental health characteristics were most associated with clinic attendance in adults with SMI-DM. Physical health was not associated with clinic attendance. CONCLUSIONS Information on clinical and demographic characteristics and factors potentially modifiable by psychological interventions may be useful in improving adherence to treatment among SMI-DM patients. It is our hope that clinicians and researchers will use these results to help tailor adherence-facilitating interventions among people at particular risk for poor engagement in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D. Gunzler
- Assistant Professor of Medicine and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Center for Health Care Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH;,
| | - Nathan Morris
- Senior Research Scientist, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jarrod E. Dalton
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Richard McCormick
- Senior Scholar, Center for Health Care Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Neal V. Dawson
- Professor of Medicine, Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Center for Health Care Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Charles Thomas
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stephanie Kanuch
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kristin A. Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Melanie Athey
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Edna Fuentes-Casiano
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mary Ellen Lawless
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Siobhan Martin
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Douglas Einstadter
- Professor of Medicine, Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and Center for Health Care Research and Policy, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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Chen A, Liu Y, Williams SM, Morris N, Buchner DA. Widespread epistasis regulates glucose homeostasis and gene expression. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007025. [PMID: 28961251 PMCID: PMC5636166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relative contributions of additive versus non-additive interactions in the regulation of complex traits remains controversial. This may be in part because large-scale epistasis has traditionally been difficult to detect in complex, multi-cellular organisms. We hypothesized that it would be easier to detect interactions using mouse chromosome substitution strains that simultaneously incorporate allelic variation in many genes on a controlled genetic background. Analyzing metabolic traits and gene expression levels in the offspring of a series of crosses between mouse chromosome substitution strains demonstrated that inter-chromosomal epistasis was a dominant feature of these complex traits. Epistasis typically accounted for a larger proportion of the heritable effects than those due solely to additive effects. These epistatic interactions typically resulted in trait values returning to the levels of the parental CSS host strain. Due to the large epistatic effects, analyses that did not account for interactions consistently underestimated the true effect sizes due to allelic variation or failed to detect the loci controlling trait variation. These studies demonstrate that epistatic interactions are a common feature of complex traits and thus identifying these interactions is key to understanding their genetic regulation. Most complex traits and diseases are regulated by the combined influence of multiple genetic variants. However, it remains controversial whether these genetic variants independently influence complex traits, and therefore the impact of each variant could be simply added together (additivity), or whether the variants work together to influence trait variation, in which case the combined impact of multiple variants would differ from the summed impact of each individual variant (epistasis). In this study in mice, we discovered that the genetic regulation of blood sugar levels and gene expression in the liver were predominantly controlled by non-additive interactions, whereas body weight was predominantly controlled by additive interactions. Remarkably, the expression level of nearly 25% of all genes in the liver was controlled by non-additive interactions. The non-additive interactions typically acted to return trait values to the levels detected in control mice, thus contributing to a reduction in trait variation. We also demonstrated that not accounting for non-additive interactions significantly underestimated the phenotypic effect of a genetic variant on a particular genetic background, suggesting that many previously identified risk loci may have significantly larger effects on disease susceptibility in a subset of individuals. These studies highlight the importance of understanding interactions between genetic variants to better understand disease risk and personalize clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - David A. Buchner
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Heima M, Heaton L, Gunzler D, Morris N. A mediation analysis study: The influence of mothers' dental anxiety on children's dental utilization among low-income African Americans. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017; 45:506-511. [PMID: 28727169 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test a hypothesized mediation model to explain associations between mothers' dental anxiety and children's dental utilization through the mothers' own dental utilization. METHODS Two hundred and fourteen low-income African American mothers with young children (age 31-59 months) completed a study questionnaire which assessed (i) mothers' dental anxiety; (ii) mothers' dental utilization (seeing a dentist at least once a year) and (iii) children's dental utilization (at least one non-study-related dental visit during the 36-month study period). The hypothesized mediation model consisted of these three elements with both a direct path from mothers' dental anxiety to children's dental utilization and an indirect path from mothers' dental anxiety to children's dental utilization through mothers' dental utilization. Mediation analysis with bootstrapping was conducted to test the hypothesized model. RESULTS The mediation analysis indicated significant total effect of mothers' dental anxiety on children's dental utilization. The standardized total effect of mothers' anxiety on children's dental utilization was -0.172 (SE=.084, P=.041), and the standardized indirect effect of mothers' anxiety on children's dental utilization mediated by mothers' dental utilization was -0.069 (SE=.039, P=.076). The direct effect from mothers' anxiety to children's dental utilization was not statistically significant (P=.261) after adjusting for the mothers' dental utilization. CONCLUSIONS In this low-income African American sample, there was a trend for mothers' dental anxiety to be associated with children's dental utilization indirectly through mothers' own dental utilization, while the direct influence of mothers' dental anxiety on children's dental utilization was not seen. This suggests that mothers' dental utilization might explain how mothers' dental anxiety impacts children's early dental utilization.
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Guo T, Sampathkumar S, Fan S, Morris N, Wang F, Toris CB. Aqueous humour dynamics and biometrics in the ageing Chinese eye. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 101:1290-1296. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Spilsbury JC, Patel SR, Morris N, Ehayaei A, Intille SS. Household chaos and sleep-disturbing behavior of family members: results of a pilot study of African American early adolescents. Sleep Health 2017; 3:84-89. [PMID: 28346162 PMCID: PMC5373486 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although disorganized, chaotic households have been linked to poorer sleep outcomes, how household chaos actually manifests itself in the behaviors of others around the bedtime of a child or adolescent is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To determine whether household chaos was associated with specific, nightly sleep-disturbing activities of adolescents' family members. DESIGN Longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-six African American or multiethnic early adolescent (ages 11-12 years) and parent dyads, recruited from local schools and social-service agencies in greater Cleveland, OH. MEASUREMENTS Over 14 days, each night at bedtime, adolescents identified family-member activities keeping them awake or making it difficult to sleep by using a smart phone-administered survey. Household organization was assessed via parent-completed, validated instruments. A generalized linear mixed model examined associations between each activity and household-organization measures. RESULTS Adjusted for the effect of school being in session the next day, an increasingly chaotic household was associated with increased odds of household members disturbing adolescents' efforts to fall asleep by watching TV/listening to music (odds ratio [OR]=1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2-3.2), phoning/texting (OR=1.7, 95% CI =1.2-2.9), or having friends/relatives over visiting at the home (OR=1.6, 95% CI =1.0-3.0). Conversely, a more chaotic household was associated with decreased odds of adolescents reporting that "nothing" was keeping them awake or making it more difficult to sleep (OR=0.6, 95% CI =0.4-0.8). Enforced sleep rules were inconsistently associated with sleep-disturbing behaviors. CONCLUSION Improving early-adolescent sleep may benefit from considering the nighttime behavior of all household members and encouraging families to see that improving early-adolescent sleep requires the household's participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Spilsbury
- Case School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106.
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3459 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Nathan Morris
- Case School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - Aida Ehayaei
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Stephen S Intille
- College of Computer and Information Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
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Baskin JZ, Soenjaya Y, McMasters J, Ko A, Vasanji A, Morris N, Eppell SJ. Nanophase bone substitute for craniofacial load bearing application: Pilot study in the rodent. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:520-532. [PMID: 28194875 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An exploratory pilot study shows that a rodent mandibular defect model is useful in determining the biological response to a nanophase collagen/apatite composite designed as a biomimetic load-bearing bone substitute. Using a critical size defect, eight groups of rats (n = 3) were implanted with four renditions of the nanophase bone substitute (NBS) biomaterial. Each rendition was tested with and without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). NBS biomaterial renditions were: baseline, hyper-densified, d-ribose crosslinked, and d-ribose crosslinked and hyper-densified. Biological outcomes were assessed surgically, radiologically, and histologically. With the limited power available due to the small N's involved, some interesting hypotheses were generated that will be more fully investigated in future studies. BMP2 loaded NBS, when uncrosslinked, resulted in robust bone formation in the entire defect volume (regardless of porosity). Unloaded NBS were well tolerated but did not cause significant new bone formation in the defect volume. Densification alone had little effect on in vivo performance. Crosslinking thwarted implant uptake of BMP2 and resulted in fibrous encapsulation. It is concluded that the nanophase bone substitute is well tolerated in this bone defect model. When loaded with BMP2, implantation resulted in complete bony healing and defect closure with implant density (porosity) having little effect on bone healing or remodeling. Without BMP2 the biomaterial did not result in defect closure. Crosslinking, necessary to increase mechanical properties in an aqueous environment, disrupts osteointegration and BMP2 uptake. Alternate implant fabrication strategies will be necessary to achieve an improved balance between material strength and osteointegration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 520-532, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Baskin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yohannes Soenjaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James McMasters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alvin Ko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amit Vasanji
- Image IQ, A Cleveland Clinic Innovation Company, Solon, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Case Western Reserve University, Center for Clinical Investigations, Statistical Science Core, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven J Eppell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Sheele J, Morris N, Byars D, Counselman F. Proton pump inhibitors are associated with a reduced likelihood for sexually transmitted diseases in women in the emergency department. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2017; 38:60-64. [DOI: 10.4103/0253-7184.203438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lin A, Seale H, Trotter A, Morris N, Strugnell W. Quantitative Longitudinal Myocardial Strain Analysis at Rest and During Exercise Using Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking Identifies Subclinical Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sheele JM, Morris N, Byars D, Counselman F. Proton pump inhibitors are associated with a reduced likelihood for sexually transmitted diseases in women in the emergency department. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2017. [PMID: 28442805 PMCID: PMC5389217 DOI: 10.4103/2589-0557.203438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been shown in cell culture to kill Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) at lower half maximal inhibitory concentration values than metronidazole (Flagyl), the most common medication used to treat the infection. However, there have been no previous clinical investigations to determine if PPIs are associated with reduced risk for TV. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the records of female patients who received testing in the emergency department for TV, Neisseria gonorrhoea (GC), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) between 2010 and 2014 at two academic medical centers to determine if PPI and histamine type 2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) drugs were associated with TV and GC/CT infections. RESULTS We found that H2RAs were associated with an increased likelihood for TV (odds ratio [OR]: 2.0, P < 0.0001) and GC and/or CT infections (OR: 1.49, P < 0.0001). PPIs were associated with a reduced likelihood for TV (OR: 0.75, P < 0.0001) and GC and/or CT infections (OR: 0.57, P < 0.0001). In patients infected with GC and/or CT, the likelihood of coinfection with TV was reduced in those taking a PPI (OR: 0.64, P = 0.054) and increased in those taking an H2RA (OR: 1.62, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS PPIs are associated with a reduced risk for TV and GC/CT infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Michael Sheele
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center & Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr. Johnathan Michael Sheele, Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center & Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. E-mail:
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Donald Byars
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Emergency Physicians of Tidewater, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Frank Counselman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Emergency Physicians of Tidewater, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Wang H, Choi Y, Tayo B, Wang X, Morris N, Zhang X, Broeckel U, Hanis C, Kardia S, Redline S, Cooper RS, Tang H, Zhu X. Genome-wide survey in African Americans demonstrates potential epistasis of fitness in the human genome. Genet Epidemiol 2016; 41:122-135. [PMID: 27917522 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The role played by epistasis between alleles at unlinked loci in shaping population fitness has been debated for many years and the existing evidence has been mainly accumulated from model organisms. In model organisms, fitness epistasis can be systematically inferred by detecting nonindependence of genotypic values between loci in a population and confirmed through examining the number of offspring produced in two-locus genotype groups. No systematic study has been conducted to detect epistasis of fitness in humans owing to experimental constraints. In this study, we developed a novel method to detect fitness epistasis by testing the correlation between local ancestries on different chromosomes in an admixed population. We inferred local ancestry across the genome in 16,252 unrelated African Americans and systematically examined the pairwise correlations between the genomic regions on different chromosomes. Our analysis revealed a pair of genomic regions on chromosomes 4 and 6 that show significant local ancestry correlation (P-value = 4.01 × 10-8 ) that can be potentially attributed to fitness epistasis. However, we also observed substantial local ancestry correlation that cannot be explained by systemic ancestry inference bias. To our knowledge, this study is the first to systematically examine evidence of fitness epistasis across the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yoonha Choi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bamidele Tayo
- Department of Public Health Science, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Biomedical Informatics, and Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Uli Broeckel
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Craig Hanis
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard S Cooper
- Department of Public Health Science, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Joshi R, Buchanan JC, Paruchuri S, Morris N, Tavana H. Molecular Analysis of Stromal Cells-Induced Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166316. [PMID: 27832161 PMCID: PMC5104328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deriving specific neural cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is a promising approach for cell replacement therapies of neurodegenerative diseases. When co-cultured with certain stromal cells, mouse ESCs (mESCs) differentiate efficiently to neural cells. In this study, a comprehensive gene and protein expression analysis of differentiating mESCs is performed over a two-week culture period to track temporal progression of cells from a pluripotent state to specific terminally-differentiated neural cells such as neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Expression levels of 26 genes consisting of marker genes for pluripotency, neural progenitors, and specific neuronal, astroglial, and oligodendrocytic cells are tracked using real time q-PCR. The time-course gene expression analysis of differentiating mESCs is combined with the hierarchal clustering and functional principal component analysis (FPCA) to elucidate the evolution of specific neural cells from mESCs at a molecular level. These statistical analyses identify three major gene clusters representing distinct phases of transition of stem cells from a pluripotent state to a terminally-differentiated neuronal or glial state. Temporal protein expression studies using immunohistochemistry demonstrate the generation of neural stem/progenitor cells and specific neural lineages and show a close agreement with the gene expression profiles of selected markers. Importantly, parallel gene and protein expression analysis elucidates long-term stability of certain proteins compared to those with a quick turnover. Describing the molecular regulation of neural cells commitment of mESCs due to stromal signaling will help identify major promoters of differentiation into specific cell types for use in cell replacement therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States of America
| | - James Carlton Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States of America
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States of America
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States of America
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States of America
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