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Braun U, Schubnell F, Bleul U, Nuss K, Baumgartner MR, Binz TM. Hair cortisol concentrations in bovine neonates born to healthy and ill cows. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2023; 165:181-0. [PMID: 36852871 DOI: 10.17236/sat00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this study was to investigate the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in healthy and ill cows and their newborn calves. A total of 40 cows and their 42 newborn calves were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 19 clinically healthy cows and their 20 newborn calves, and group 2 comprised 21 cows that had had a chronic illness in the third trimester of gestation and their 22 newborn calves. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system was used to measure the HCC in hair samples that were collected from the cows and calves on the day the calves were born. In both groups, the mean HCCs of the calves was significantly higher than that of the cows (group 1, 31,0 vs. 0,6 pg/mg; group 2, 19,4 vs. 0,8 pg/mg; P.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - F Schubnell
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - U Bleul
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - K Nuss
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M R Baumgartner
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - T M Binz
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich
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Majdeddin M, Braun U, Lemme A, Golian A, Kermanshahi H, De Smet S, Michiels J. Effects of feeding guanidinoacetic acid on oxidative status and creatine metabolism in broilers subjected to chronic cyclic heat stress in the finisher phase. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102653. [PMID: 37030259 PMCID: PMC10113889 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) has been shown to affect creatine (Cr) metabolic pathways resulting in increased cellular Cr and hitherto broiler performances. Yet, the impact of dietary GAA on improving markers of oxidative status remains equivocal. A model of chronic cyclic heat stress, known to inflict oxidative stress, was employed to test the hypothesis that GAA could modify bird's oxidative status. A total of 720-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 3 treatments: 0, 0.6 or 1.2 g/kg GAA was added to corn-SBM diets and fed for 39 d, with 12 replicates (20 birds each) per treatment. The chronic cyclic heat stress model (34°C with 50-60% RH for 7 h daily) was applied in the finisher phase (d 25-39). Samples from 1 bird per pen were taken on d 26 (acute heat stress) and d 39 (chronic heat stress). GAA and Cr in plasma were linearly increased by feeding GAA on either sampling day, illustrating efficient absorption and methylation, respectively. Energy metabolism in breast and heart muscle was greatly supported as visible by increased Cr and phosphocreatine: ATP, thus providing higher capacity for rapid ATP generation in cells. Glycogen stores in breast muscle were linearly elevated by incremental GAA, on d 26 only. More Cr seems to be directed to heart muscle as opposed to skeletal muscle during chronic heat stress as tissue Cr was higher in heart but lower in breast muscle on d 39 as opposed to d 26. The lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde, and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed no alterations by dietary GAA in plasma. Opposite to that, superoxide dismutase activity in breast muscle was linearly lowered when feeding GAA (trend on d 26, effect on d 39). Significant correlations between the assessed parameters and GAA inclusion were identified on d 26 and d 39 using principal component analysis. To conclude, beneficial performance in heat-stressed broilers by GAA is associated with enhanced muscle energy metabolism which indirectly may also support tolerance against oxidative stress.
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Crous P, Begoude B, Boers J, Braun U, Declercq B, Dijksterhuis J, Elliott T, Garay-Rodriguez G, Jurjević Ž, Kruse J, Linde C, Loyd A, Mound L, Osieck E, Rivera-Vargas L, Quimbita A, Rodas C, Roux J, Schumacher R, Starink-Willemse M, Thangavel R, Trappe J, van Iperen A, Van Steenwinkel C, Wells A, Wingfield M, Yilmaz N, Groenewald J. New and Interesting Fungi. 5. Fungal Syst Evol 2022; 10:19-90. [PMID: 36789279 PMCID: PMC9903348 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine new genera, 17 new species, nine new combinations, seven epitypes, three lectotypes, one neotype, and 14 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera: Neobarrmaelia (based on Neobarrmaelia hyphaenes), Neobryochiton (based on Neobryochiton narthecii), Neocamarographium (based on Neocamarographium carpini), Nothocladosporium (based on Nothocladosporium syzygii), Nothopseudocercospora (based on Nothopseudocercospora dictamni), Paracamarographium (based on Paracamarographium koreanum), Pseudohormonema (based on Pseudohormonema sordidus), Quasiphoma (based on Quasiphoma hyphaenes), Rapidomyces (based on Rapidomyces narthecii). New species: Ascocorticium sorbicola (on leaves of Sorbus aucuparia, Belgium), Dactylaria retrophylli (on leaves of Retrophyllum rospigliosii, Colombia), Dactylellina miltoniae (on twigs of Miltonia clowesii, Colombia), Exophiala eucalyptigena (on dead leaves of Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. viminalis supporting Idolothrips spectrum, Australia), Idriellomyces syzygii (on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, South Africa), Microcera lichenicola (on Parmelia sulcata, Netherlands), Neobarrmaelia hyphaenes (on leaves of Hyphaene sp., South Africa), Neobryochiton narthecii (on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum, Netherlands), Niesslia pseudoexilis (on dead leaf of Quercus petraea, Serbia), Nothocladosporium syzygii (on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, South Africa), Nothotrimmatostroma corymbiae (on leaves of Corymbia henryi, South Africa), Phaeosphaeria hyphaenes (on leaves of Hyphaene sp., South Africa), Pseudohormonema sordidus (on a from human pacemaker, USA), Quasiphoma hyphaenes (on leaves of Hyphaene sp., South Africa), Rapidomyces narthecii (on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum, Netherlands), Reticulascus parahennebertii (on dead culm of Juncus inflexus, Netherlands), Scytalidium philadelphianum (from compressed air in a factory, USA). New combinations: Neobarrmaelia serenoae, Nothopseudocercospora dictamni, Dothiora viticola, Floricola sulcata, Neocamarographium carpini, Paracamarographium koreanum, Rhexocercosporidium bellocense, Russula lilacina. Epitypes: Elsinoe corni (on leaves of Cornus florida, USA), Leptopeltis litigiosa (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum, Netherlands), Nothopseudocercospora dictamni (on living leaves of Dictamnus albus, Russia), Ramularia arvensis (on leaves of Potentilla reptans, Netherlands), Rhexocercosporidium bellocense (on leaves of Verbascum sp., Germany), Rhopographus filicinus (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum, Netherlands), Septoria robiniae (on leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia, Belgium). Lectotypes: Leptopeltis litigiosa (on Pteridium aquilinum, France), Rhopographus filicinus (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum, Netherlands), Septoria robiniae (on leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia, Belgium). Neotype: Camarographium stephensii (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum, Netherlands). Citation: Crous PW, Begoude BAD, Boers J, Braun U, Declercq B, Dijksterhuis J, Elliott TF, Garay-Rodriguez GA, Jurjević Ž, Kruse J, Linde CC, Loyd A, Mound L, Osieck ER, Rivera-Vargas LI, Quimbita AM, Rodas CA, Roux J, Schumacher RK, Starink-Willemse M, Thangavel R, Trappe JM, van Iperen AL, Van Steenwinkel C, Wells A, Wingfield MJ, Yilmaz N, Groenewald JZ (2022) New and Interesting Fungi. 5. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 10: 19-90. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.02.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - B.A.D. Begoude
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa,Institute for Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - J. Boers
- Poststraat 50-104, 6701 AZ, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - J. Dijksterhuis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T.F. Elliott
- Ecosystem Management, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - G.A. Garay-Rodriguez
- Department Agro-Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Campus, Mayaguez, P.R. 00680, Puerto Rico
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA
| | - J. Kruse
- Pfalzmuseum für Naturkunde – POLLICHIA-Museum, Hermann-Schäfer-Str. 17, 67098 Bad Dürkheim, Germany
| | - C.C. Linde
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - A. Loyd
- Bartlett Tree Experts, 13768 Hamilton Rd, Charlotte, NC 28278, USA
| | - L. Mound
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - E.R. Osieck
- Jkvr. C.M. van Asch van Wijcklaan 19, 3972 ST Driebergen-Rijsenburg, Netherlands Forestry Health Protection Programme Smurfit Kappa - Colombia Calle 15#18-109 Yumbo, Colombia
| | - L.I. Rivera-Vargas
- Department Agro-Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Campus, Mayaguez, P.R. 00680, Puerto Rico
| | - A.M. Quimbita
- Department Agro-Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Campus, Mayaguez, P.R. 00680, Puerto Rico
| | - C.A. Rodas
- Forestry Health Protection Programme Smurfit Kappa - Colombia Calle 15#18-109 Yumbo, Colombia
| | - J. Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - M. Starink-Willemse
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Thangavel
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - J.M. Trappe
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5752, USA,U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-8550, USA
| | - A.L. van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - A. Wells
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Braun U, Züblin S, Imhof S, Baumgartner MR, Binz TM. Hair cortisol concentrations in different breeds of cows: Comparison of hair from unshorn and previously shorn areas and from various regions of the body. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2022; 164:695-703. [PMID: 36193780 DOI: 10.17236/sat00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goals of this study were to investigate hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in seven different breeds of cows, to establish reference intervals for HCC in Brown Swiss cows and to compare cortisol concentrations of hair collected from four different areas of the body. Three groups of cows were used. Group 1 comprised 70 healthy cows representing four dairy breeds (Brown Swiss, Swiss Fleckvieh, Holstein Friesian, Water Buffalo) and three beef breeds (Raetian Grey, Limousin, Highland). Group 2 consisted of 60 healthy Brown Swiss cows in which two different hair samples were collected from the thoracic region to establish reference intervals; A samples consisted of hair that had grown for one month in a pre-clipped area, and B samples consisted of hair from a previously unshorn area. Group 3 comprised 21 healthy Brown Swiss cows, in which HCCs were measured in A and B samples from four different body regions (neck, shoulder, thorax, rump). Liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry was used for cortisol measurement. In group 1, the highest HCCs were measured in Holstein Friesian cows at 1,75 pg/mg, which was significantly higher than those of the Brown Swiss, the Swiss Fleckvieh and the Water Buffalo cows. Hair cortisol concentration and daily milk yield of the 40 dairy cows were highly correlated (r = 0,57, P < 0,01). In group 2, the HCCs of 77 % of the A samples and 85 % of the B samp-les were below the laboratory's limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0,50 pg/mg and the results were expressed semiquantitatively as.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - S Züblin
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - S Imhof
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M R Baumgartner
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - T M Binz
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich
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Braun U, Kochan M, Weber F, Kaske M, Bleul U. [Repeated drenching of calves - -Ultra-sonographic findings of the -reticulum and abomasum and -short-term -effects on pH and -D-lactate in rumen fluid and blood]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2022; 164:243-248. [PMID: 35232715 DOI: 10.17236/sat00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An oesophageal tube feeder was used to administer milk to six clinically healthy calves every 12 hours for a total of three feedings. The calves were seven to nine days of age, and each feeding consisted of a volume of milk that was 6 % of the body weight of the calves. The reticulum and abomasum were scanned ultrasonographically before, during and after drenching. Blood samples for D-lactate determination and venous blood gas analysis were collected at -12, 0 (first drenching), 6, 12 (second drenching), 18, 24 (third drenching), 30 and 36 hours. Ruminal fluid was collected for measurement of pH and D-lactate concentration at -12 and 36 hours. Based on simultaneous ultrasonographic examinations of the reticulum and abomasum, some of the force-fed milk flowed into the reticulum and some directly into the abomasum; both organs contained milk immediately after drenching. Drenching led to ruminal acidosis evidenced by a significant decrease in median pH from 7,0 (6,0 - 7,0) to 4,5 (3,0 - 5,0) and a 93-fold increase in median D-lactate concentration from 0,39 (0,14 - 1,33) to 36,3 (17,9 - 53,3) mmol/l but it did not cause metabolic acidosis. Based on these findings, we concluded that milk administered to calves via an oesophageal tube feeder flows into the reticulum and abomasum simultaneously and three force feedings 12 hours apart cause acute ruminal acidosis, which was not accompanied by metabolic acidosis in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Departement für Nutztiere, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - M Kochan
- Departement für Nutztiere, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - F Weber
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtät, München
| | - M Kaske
- Departement für Nutztiere, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - U Bleul
- Departement für Nutztiere, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
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Braun U, Schwellinger M, Liesegang A, Gerstner K, Gerspach C, Hässig M, Nuss K. The effect of flunixin meglumine on eating and rumination variables in cows after omentopexy for correction of left displaced abomasum. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2021; 164:672-676. [PMID: 34758959 DOI: 10.17236/sat00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating and rumination variables were recorded using a pressure sensor integrated into the noseband of a halter in 60 cows with left displaced abomasum (LDA) before and after postoperative administration of flunixin meglumine (FM). Group 1 comprised 9 healthy control cows that were used to establish reference intervals. Group 2 included 60 cows with LDA that received one of the following three treatments: intravenous saline solution (2A, n=20), 1.1 mg/kg FM (2B, n=20) or 2.2 mg/kg FM (2C, n=20) once daily for 3 days after right-flank omentopexy. Median eating times on the day before surgery were 93 (2A), 80 (2B) and 114 (2C) min, which were below the reference interval (246 to 381 min). On the day after surgery, eating times had increased significantly to 201 (2A), 172 (2B) and 216 (2C) min, after which time they continued to increase. Eating and rumination times, numbers of regurgitated feed boluses per day and chewing cycles per bolus did not differ among treated groups. Postoperative administration of FM did not affect eating and rumination variables in this study, and normalisation of these variables was attributable to surgical correction of LDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Schwellinger
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - A Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - K Gerstner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - C Gerspach
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Hässig
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - K Nuss
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Rajeshkumar KC, Braun U, Groenewald JZ, Lad SS, Ashtekar N, Fatima S, Anand G. Phylogenetic placement and reassessment of Asperisporium pongamiae as Pedrocrousiella pongamiae gen. et comb. nov. ( Mycosphaerellaceae). Fungal Syst Evol 2021; 7:165-176. [PMID: 34124622 PMCID: PMC8166208 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata caused by an asperisporium-like asexual morph, which is usually referred to as Asperisporium pongamiae, is quite common during monsoon seasons in India. Phylogenetic analyses, based on LSU and rpb2 sequence data, and blast searches using ITS sequence data, revealed that this ascomycete forms a lineage within Mycosphaerellaceae distant from all other generic lineages. Pedrocrousiella gen. nov., with P. pongamiae comb. nov., based on Fusicladium pongamiae (≡ A. pongamiae), as type species is introduced for this lineage. This species has been considered the asexual morph of Mycosphaerella pongamiae (≡ Stigmatea pongamiae). However, this connection is unproven and was just based on the occasional association of the two taxa in some collections. Several attempts to induce the formation of a sexual morph in culture failed, therefore the putative connection between these morphs could not be confirmed. Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae is reduced to synonymy with P. pongamiae. Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae was introduced because of the wrong assumption that F. pongamiae had been described on another host, Pongamia globosa. But Fusicladium pongamiae was actually described in India on Pongamia glabra, which is a synonym of P. pinnata, and hence on the same host as Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae. Pedrocrousiella pongamiae clusters in a clade containing Distocercospora, Clypeosphaerella, and “Pseudocercospora” nephrolepidicola, a species which is not congeneric with Pseudocercospora. Phylogenetically, Pedrocrousiella is distant from the Asperisporium s. str. clade (type species A. caricae), which is more closely related to Amycosphaerella, Pseudocercosporella, Distomycovellosiella and Nothopassalora. Citation: Rajeshkumar KC, Braun U, Groenewald JZ, Lad SS, Ashtekar N, Fatima S, Anand G (2021). Phylogenetic placement and reassessment of Asperisporium pongamiae as Pedrocrousiella pongamiae gen. et comb. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae). Fungal Systematics and Evolution7: 165–176. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.08
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411 004, India
| | - U Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S S Lad
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411 004, India
| | - N Ashtekar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411 004, India
| | - S Fatima
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411 004, India
| | - G Anand
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Bradshaw M, Braun U, Götz M, Takamatsu S. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Erysiphe lonicerae complex ( Helotiales, Erysiphaceae) on Lonicera spp. Fungal Syst Evol 2021; 7:49-65. [PMID: 34124617 PMCID: PMC8165964 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews, belonging to the genus Erysiphe, on Lonicera species throughout the world are examined and discussed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that sequences retrieved from Erysiphe lonicerae, a widespread powdery mildew species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere on a wide range of Lonicera spp., constitutes a complex of two separate species, viz., E. lonicerae (s. str.) and Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov. Erysiphe lonicerae occurs on Lonicera spp. belonging to Lonicera subgen. Lonicera (= subgen. Caprifolium and subgen. Periclymenum), as well as L. japonica. Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov. occurs on Lonicera spp. of Lonicera subgen. Chamaecerasus. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses have also revealed that Microsphaera caprifoliacearum (≡ Erysiphe caprifoliacearum) should be reduced to synonymy with E. lonicerae (s. str.). Additionally, Erysiphe lonicerina sp. nov. on Lonicera japonica in Japan is described and the new name Erysiphe flexibilis, based on Microsphaera lonicerae var. flexuosa, is introduced. The phylogeny of Erysiphe ehrenbergii and E. lonicerae as well as other Erysiphe species on honeysuckle is discussed, and a survey of all species, including a key to the species concerned, is provided. Citation: Bradshaw M, Braun U, Götz M, Takamatsu S (2020). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Erysiphe lonicerae complex (Helotiales, Erysiphaceae) on Lonicera spp. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7: 49-65. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bradshaw
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - U. Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute for Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Götz
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514–8507, Japan
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Braun U, Oschlies C, Ohlerth S, Gerspach C. [Ultrasonography of the lung in calves]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2021; 162:513-530. [PMID: 32855119 DOI: 10.17236/sat00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper reviews the technique used for thoracic -ultrasonography of the bovine lower respiratory tract and the ultrasonographic findings in calves with -bronchopneumonia. Studies that compare the results of auscultation with those of ultrasonography and postmortem examination are included as are studies that examine the relationship between ultrasonographic findings and bacterial lung infection and prognosis. Lesions associated with bronchopneumonia, pleuropneumonia, pneumothorax and lung abscesses are -easily imaged ultrasonographically and characterised in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - C Oschlies
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - S Ohlerth
- Klinik für Bildgebende Diagnostik, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - C Gerspach
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
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10
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Braun U, Gerspach C, Reif C, Hilbe M, Nuss K. Clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in 94 cows with type-1 abomasal ulcer. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2021; 162:235-244. [PMID: 32234693 DOI: 10.17236/sat00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study included 94 cows aged 2.1 to 12.0 years (5.2 ± 2.05 years) that were examined at a referral clinic because of type-1 abomasal ulcer. The most common clinical findings were poor general health status (94%), partial or complete anorexia (93%), congested scleral vessels (89%), decreased skin surface temperature (76%), decreased or absent faecal output (72%), abdominal guarding (59%), tachypnoea (56%), rumen atony (53%) and positive percussion and simultaneous auscultation and/or ballottement and simultaneous auscultation on the right side (53%). The most common laboratory findings were hypokalaemia (68%), positive base excess (60%) and azotaemia (51%). The chloride concentration of rumen fluid was increased in 48% of the cows. The diagnosis of type-1 ulcer was made during laparotomy and/or postmortem examination. One or more concurrent diseases were diagnosed in 97% of the cows. Seventy-eight (83%) cows were euthanased immediately after the initial examination, during laparotomy or after unsuccessful treatment, and eight (8.5%) cows died, and all were examined postmortem. Eight (8.5%) cows were discharged and six of these made a complete recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - C Gerspach
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - C Reif
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - K Nuss
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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11
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Crous PW, Braun U, McDonald BA, Lennox CL, Edwards J, Mann RC, Zaveri A, Linde CC, Dyer PS, Groenewald JZ. Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora. Fungal Syst Evol 2020; 7:67-98. [PMID: 34124618 PMCID: PMC8165968 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy of Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora is re-evaluated, along with that of phylogenetically related genera. Isolates are identified using comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), actin (act), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest (rpb1) and second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), combined with their morphological characteristics. Oculimacula is restricted to two species, O. acuformis and O. yallundae, with O. aestiva placed in Cyphellophora, and O. anguioides accommodated in a new genus, Helgardiomyces. Rhynchosporium s. str. is restricted to species with 1-septate conidia and hooked apical beaks, while Rhynchobrunnera is introduced for species with 1–3-septate, straight conidia, lacking any apical beak. Rhynchosporium graminicola is proposed to replace the name R. commune applied to the barley scald pathogen based on nomenclatural priority. Spermospora is shown to be paraphyletic, representing Spermospora (type: S. subulata), with three new species, S. arrhenatheri, S. loliiphila and S. zeae, and Neospermospora gen. nov. (type: N. avenae). Ypsilina (type: Y. graminea), is shown to be monophyletic, but appears to be of minor importance on cereals. Finally, Vanderaaea gen. nov. (type: V. ammophilae), is introduced as a new coelomycetous fungus occurring on dead leaves of Ammophila arenaria. Citation: Crous PW, Braun U, McDonald BA, Lennox CL, Edwards J, Mann RC, Zaveri A, Linde CC, Dyer PS, Groenewald JZ (2020). Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora. Fungal Systematics and Evolution7: 67–98. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - U Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - B A McDonald
- ETH Zürich, Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Universitätstrasse 2, LFW B16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C L Lennox
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - J Edwards
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - R C Mann
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - A Zaveri
- School of Applied Systems Biology, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - C C Linde
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - P S Dyer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Majdeddin M, Braun U, Lemme A, Golian A, Kermanshahi H, De Smet S, Michiels J. Guanidinoacetic acid supplementation improves feed conversion in broilers subjected to heat stress associated with muscle creatine loading and arginine sparing. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4442-4453. [PMID: 32867988 PMCID: PMC7598026 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It was hypothesized that dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), the precursor of creatine (Cr), would be beneficial to heat-stressed finisher broilers owing to improved cellular energy status and arginine sparing effects. A total of 720 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 3 treatments, 0 (control), 0.6, or 1.2 g/kg of GAA added to complete corn–soybean meal diets, and were fed for 39 D, with 12 replicates (20 birds each) per treatment. A chronic cyclic heat stress model (at a temperature of 34°C and 50 to 60% relative humidity for 7 h daily) was applied in the finisher phase (day 25–39). Samples were taken on day 26 and 39 to determine thrombocyte, white blood cell, corticosterone, protein and amino acid levels in blood and Cr, phosphocreatine (PCr), and adenosine triphosphate levels in the breast muscle. Meat quality was assessed on day 40 after overnight fasting. Guanidinoacetic acid at a dose of 1.2 g/kg decreased feed-to-gain ratio compared with the control in the grower phase (1.32 vs. 1.35, respectively; P <0.05). In the finisher period, the supplementation of 1.2 g/kg of GAA reduced feed intake compared with the control (–3.3%, P <0.05), whereas both GAA supplementation levels improved feed efficiency markedly (1.76, 1.66, and 1.67 for 0 [control], 0.6, and 1.2 g/kg of GAA, respectively, P <0.05). Mortality outcomes highlight that GAA feeding improved survival during heat stress, supported by lower panting frequency (linear effect, P <0.05). Plasma arginine was higher with increase in dietary GAA concentration on day 26 (+18.3 and + 30.8% for 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg of GAA, respectively; P <0.05). This suggests enhanced availability of arginine for other metabolic purposes than de novo GAA formation. In the breast muscle, PCr (day 39, P <0.05), free Cr (day 39, P <0.05), total Cr (both days, P <0.05), and PCr-to-adenosine triphosphate ratio (day 39, P <0.05) levels were increased with higher GAA content in diet. Guanidinoacetic acid supplementation improved feed conversion and survival during chronic cyclic heat stress, which may be associated with enhanced breast muscle energy status and arginine sparing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Majdeddin
- Centre of Excellence in the Animal Science Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - U Braun
- AlzChem Trostberg GmbH, 83308 Trostberg, Germany
| | - A Lemme
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - A Golian
- Centre of Excellence in the Animal Science Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Kermanshahi
- Centre of Excellence in the Animal Science Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Suija A, Haldeman M, Zimmermann E, Braun U, Diederich P. Phylogenetic placement and lectotypification of Pseudotryblidium neesii ( Helotiales, Leotiomycetes). Fungal Syst Evol 2020; 5:139-149. [PMID: 32467920 PMCID: PMC7250013 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2020.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A phylogenetic analysis of combined rDNA LSU and ITS sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of specimens identified as Pseudotryblidium neesii. The species forms a distinct clade within Dermateaceae (Helotiales, Leotiomycetes) with Rhizodermea veluwiensis and two Dermea species. The geographical distribution of this species, previously known only from Europe on Abies alba, is extended to north-western North America where it grows exclusively on A. grandis. The name P. neesii is lectotypified in order to disentangle the complicated nomenclature of the species. A new, detailed description of P. neesii with illustrations is provided after comparison of sequenced specimens with the type material. Furthermore, the new combination Pseudographis rufonigra (basionym Peziza rufonigra) is made for a fungus previously known as Pseudographis pinicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suija
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - M Haldeman
- 1402 23 Street, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | | | - U Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - P Diederich
- Musée national d'histoire naturelle, 25 rue Munster, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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14
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Braun U, Nakashima C, Bakhshi M, Zare R, Shin HD, Alves RF, Sposito MB. Taxonomy and phylogeny of cercosporoid ascomycetes on Diospyros spp. with special emphasis on Pseudocercospora spp. Fungal Syst Evol 2020; 6:95-127. [PMID: 32904397 PMCID: PMC7453130 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2020.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A worldwide survey of cercosporoid ascomycete species on hosts of the genus Diospyros (persimmon) with key to the species based on characters in vivo is provided. Special emphasis is placed on species of the genus Pseudocercospora, which are in part also phylogenetically analysed, using a multilocus approach. Species of the latter genus proved to be very diverse, with a remarkable degree of cryptic speciation. Seven new species are described (Pseudocercospora diospyri-japonicae, P. diospyriphila, P. ershadii, P. kakiicola, P. kobayashiana, and P. tesselata), and two new names are introduced [P. kakiigena (≡ Cylindrosporium kaki, non Pseudocercospora kaki), and Zasmidium diospyri-hispidae (≡ Passalora diospyri, non Zasmidium diospyri)]. Six taxa are lectotypified (Cercospora atra, C. diospyri, C. diospyri var. ferruginea, C. flexuosa, C. fuliginosa, C. kaki), and Pseudocercospora kaki is epitypified.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - C Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - M Bakhshi
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 19395-1454, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - R Zare
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 19395-1454, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - H D Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - R F Alves
- University of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - M B Sposito
- University of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
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15
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Braun U, Wiest A, Lutz T, Riond B, Hilbe M, Baumgartner M, Binz T. Hair cortisol concentration in clinically healthy slaughter calves with and -without chronic bronchopneumonic -lesions. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2020; 161:639-647. [PMID: 31586926 DOI: 10.17236/sat00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hypothesis of this study was that healthy calves undergo less stress and thus have lower hair cortisol concentrations than calves with chronic bronchopneumonic lesions. Fifty healthy calves (group 1) and 50 calves with chronic bronchopneumonic lesions (group 2) were used immediately after slaughter, at which time hair samples and both adrenal glands were collected. The hair samples and the left adrenal gland were used for cortisol measurement and the right adrenal gland was used for histological and morphometrical examinations. The median hair cortisol concentrations of calves in groups 1 and 2 were 1.6 and 1.9 pg/mg hair, respectively, and did not differ significantly. The same was true for the mean cortisol concentration of the adrenal gland (1.1 and 1.4 µg/g tissue) and for the adrenal cortisol content (3.7 and 4.6 µg). The weights of the cortex (3.3, mean, and 3.5 g, median) and medulla (1.7 and 1.8 g, both median) did not differ significantly between the groups. This study did not detect differences in hair and adrenal cortisol concentrations between clinically healthy slaughter calves with and without chronic bronchopneumonic lesions. In further studies, calves with clinical signs should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - A Wiest
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - T Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - B Riond
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Baumgartner
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - T Binz
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich
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Cruijsen H, Poitevin E, Brunelle SL, Almeida S, Braun U, Connelly M, Giuliani L, Huertas R, Hui S, Ikeuchi Y, Jaudzems G, Kimura S, Kittleson J, Larkin G, Li F, McMahon A, Nagatoshi M, Piccon I, Postma M, Rizzo A, Sadipiralla B, Shan L, Shinichi T, Silva F, Torres M, van Goethem S, vander Moolen H, Xindong G. Determination of Minerals and Trace Elements in Milk, Milk Products, Infant Formula, and Adult Nutrition: Collaborative Study 2011.14 Method Modification. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/102.6.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Official Method SM 2011.14/ISO 15151:2018/IDF 229:2018 uses microwave digestion of samples and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry for determination of nine elements, including Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn. The method was evaluated in a collaborative study of 25 products, including 13 fortified nutritional products (powders, ready-to-feed liquids, and liquid concentrates), five product placebos, six dairy products (liquids, powders, butter, and processed cheese), and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849a, in compliance with AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2014.004. This study significantly expanded the applicability of Official Method 2011.14 beyond the original scope of chocolate milk powder, dietetic milk powder, infant cereal, peanut butter, and wheat gluten. The study included 14 collaborators from 11 countries, and results were compared to SMPR 2014.004. Accuracy of the method was demonstrated using NIST SRM 1849a, yielding recoveries across all laboratories of 98–101% for the nine elements. Precision for the 13 fortified nutritional product samples was 2.2–3.9% for repeatability (relative SD of repeatability) and 6.0–12.2% for reproducibility (RSDR). Excluding Mn, which was present at a wide range of concentrations, the reproducibility was 6.0–9.5%, meeting the performance requirements of SMPR 2014.004. Placebo samples (not fortified with Cu, Fe, Mn, or Zn) yielded acceptable repeatability of 1.8–2.9% for Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P (minerals) but 5.4–29.4% for the low levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn (trace elements). Reproducibility for the placebos showed the same pattern, with acceptable reproducibility (5.4–10.3%) for minerals but not for the low levels of the trace elements (13.2–82.8%). In the six dairy product samples, repeatability ranged from 1.6 to 3.6% for the minerals, Zn, and the low range of Mn but from 9.4 to 24.6% for Cu, Fe, and the high range of Mn, where concentrations were low as for the nutritional placebos. Reproducibility in the dairy samples was 5.3–8.8% for the minerals but 11.4–55.0% for the trace elements. The mean concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Zn in the dairy products were similar with those in the placebo products, while Zn was present at levels more similar with the fortified nutritional products. Thus, the method met the SMPR criteria except where the trace minerals were present at very low levels. Based on these results, the AOAC Stakeholder Panel for Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals recommended Final Action status of the expanded applicability of the method. The method was adopted as Final Action by the AOAC Official Methods Board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Cruijsen
- Friesland Campina, Laboratory and Quality Services, P. Stuyvesantweg 1, 8937 AC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Poitevin
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Sharon L Brunelle
- Brunelle Biotech Consulting, 6620 NW Burgundy Dr, Corvallis, OR 97330
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study involved 60 cows aged 1.9 to 13 years (mean 4.8 ± 2.3 years) with type-3 abomasal ulcer. The most common clinical signs were, in decreasing order of frequency, partial or complete anorexia (98%), obtunded demeanour (95%), decreased skin surface temperature (78%), congested scleral vessels (73%), abdominal guarding (61%), tachypnoea (58%), fever (58%) and tachycardia (55%). One or more concomitant disorders were diagnosed in 86% of the cows. The most common abnormal laboratory findings were hypokalaemia (75%), shortened glutaraldehyde test time (46%) and hyperfibrinogenaemia (43%). The diagnosis of type-3 abomasal ulcer was made in all cows during laparotomy and/or at postmortem examination. Forty-eight (80%) cows were euthanased immediately after the initial examination, during laparotomy or after unsuccessful treatment. Twelve (20%) cows were treated with a solution of sodium chloride and glucose administered via an indwelling jugular catheter, antibiotics, metamizole or flunixin, and discharged from the clinic. Ten cows were still in production two years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - C Gerspach
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - D Devaux
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - C Reif
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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DeGroot AA, Braun U, Dilger RN. Guanidinoacetic acid is efficacious in improving growth performance and muscle energy homeostasis in broiler chicks fed arginine-deficient or arginine-adequate diets. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2896-2905. [PMID: 30850832 PMCID: PMC6591682 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to test the efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) to spare Arg and serve as a precursor of creatine (Cr) by evaluating growth performance and muscle cellular energy homeostasis in broiler chicks. In both studies, 12 replicate pens of 6 chicks received dietary treatments beginning at day 2 post-hatch. At conclusion of each study, muscle biopsy samples were collected within 60 s of euthanasia for analysis of Cr-related energy metabolites. In study 1, Arg-deficient starter and grower basal diets were supplemented with 0 (negative control, NC), 0.06, 0.12, or 0.18% GAA, or supplemental Arg (positive control, PC; 0.37 and 0.32% L-Arg in starter and grower phases, respectively). Dietary GAA elicited graded improvements, with final BW, overall BW gain, and overall G:F being increased (P < 0.05) by 0.12% GAA compared with the NC diet with no difference to PC diet. Increases (P < 0.001) of phosphocreatine (PCr), total Cr (tCr), and glycogen concentrations, as well as the PCr-to-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glycogen:ATP ratios, were observed with supplementation of 0.12% GAA compared with the NC diet, even exceeding responses to the PC diet. In study 2, Arg-adequate starter and grower basal diets were supplemented with 0 (negative control, NC), 0.06, or 0.12% GAA, 0.12% Cr monohydrate (PC1), or salmon protein (PC2; containing total Arg concentrations equal to those of the NC diet in each phase and containing similar Cr as in PC1). Overall G:F was increased (P < 0.05) by PC1, but not by PC2, compared with the NC, while GAA supplementation elicited a response intermediate to NC and PC1 diets. However, GAA supplementation increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of tCr and glycogen, as well as the PCr:ATP and glycogen:ATP ratios, when compared with the NC (Arg-adequate) diet. Collectively, these data indicate that GAA can be used to replace Arg in practical, Arg-deficient diets and improve muscle energy homeostasis in broiler chicks receiving either Arg-deficient or Arg-adequate practical diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A DeGroot
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - U Braun
- AlzChem Trostberg GmbH, 83308 Trostberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Braun U, Shin H, Takamatsu S, Meeboon J, Kiss L, Lebeda A, Kitner M, Götz M. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Golovinomyces orontii revisited. Mycol Prog 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schweiger JI, Bilek E, Schäfer A, Braun U, Moessnang C, Harneit A, Post P, Otto K, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Erk S, Wackerhagen C, Mattheisen M, Mühleisen TW, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Frank J, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Heinz A, Walter H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Tost H. Effects of BDNF Val 66Met genotype and schizophrenia familial risk on a neural functional network for cognitive control in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:590-597. [PMID: 30375508 PMCID: PMC6333795 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control represents an essential neuropsychological characteristic that allows for the rapid adaption of a changing environment by constant re-allocation of cognitive resources. This finely tuned mechanism is impaired in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and contributes to cognitive deficits. Neuroimaging has highlighted the contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal regions (PFC) on cognitive control and demonstrated the impact of genetic variation, as well as genetic liability for schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to examine the influence of the functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6265 of a plasticity-related neurotrophic factor gene, BDNF (Val66Met), on cognitive control. Strong evidence implicates BDNF Val66Met in neural plasticity in humans. Furthermore, several studies suggest that although the variant is not convincingly associated with schizophrenia risk, it seems to be a modifier of the clinical presentation and course of the disease. In order to clarify the underlying mechanisms using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we studied the effects of this SNP on ACC and PFC activation, and the connectivity between these regions in a discovery sample of 85 healthy individuals and sought to replicate this effect in an independent sample of 253 individuals. Additionally, we tested the identified imaging phenotype in relation to schizophrenia familial risk in a sample of 58 unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. We found a significant increase in interregional connectivity between ACC and PFC in the risk-associated BDNF 66Met allele carriers. Furthermore, we replicated this effect in an independent sample and demonstrated its independence of structural confounds, as well as task specificity. A similar coupling increase was detectable in individuals with increased familial risk for schizophrenia. Our results show that a key neural circuit for cognitive control is influenced by a plasticity-related genetic variant, which may render this circuit particular susceptible to genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Schweiger
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - E. Bilek
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A. Schäfer
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - U. Braun
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - C. Moessnang
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A. Harneit
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P. Post
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K. Otto
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - N. Romanczuk-Seiferth
- 0000 0001 2218 4662grid.6363.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Erk
- 0000 0001 2218 4662grid.6363.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Wackerhagen
- 0000 0001 2218 4662grid.6363.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Mattheisen
- 0000 0001 1956 2722grid.7048.bDepartment of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T. W. Mühleisen
- 0000 0001 2297 375Xgrid.8385.6Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S. Cichon
- 0000 0001 2297 375Xgrid.8385.6Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany ,grid.410567.1Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M. M. Nöthen
- 0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, 53127 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - J. Frank
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S. H. Witt
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M. Rietschel
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A. Heinz
- 0000 0001 2218 4662grid.6363.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Walter
- 0000 0001 2218 4662grid.6363.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Meyer-Lindenberg
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H. Tost
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Duemichen E, Eisentraut P, Celina M, Braun U. Automated thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry: A multifunctional tool for comprehensive characterization of polymers and their degradation products. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:133-142. [PMID: 30661760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The TED-GC-MS analysis is a two-step method. A sample is first decomposed in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and the gaseous decomposition products are then trapped on a solid-phase adsorber. Subsequently, the solid-phase adsorber is analyzed with thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TDU-GC-MS). This method is ideally suited for the analysis of polymers and their degradation processes. Here, a new entirely automated system is introduced which enables high sample throughput and reproducible automated fractioned collection of decomposition products. The fractionated collection together with low temperatures reduces the risk of contamination, improves instrumental stability and minimizes maintenance efforts. Through variation of the two main parameters (purge gas flow and heating rate) it is shown how the extraction process can be optimized. By measuring the decomposition products of polyethylene it is demonstrated that compounds with masses of up to 434 Da can be detected. This is achieved despite the low temperature (˜40 °C) of the solid-phase adsorber and the low thermal desorption temperature of 200 °C in the TDU unit. It is now shown that automated TED-GC-MS represents a new flexible multi-functional method for comprehensive polymer analyses. Comparable polymer characterization was previously only achievable through a combination of multiple independent analytical methods. This is demonstrated by three examples focused on practical challenges in materials analysis and identification: The first one is the analysis of wood plastic composites for which the decomposition processes of the polymer and the bio polymer (wood) could be clearly distinguished by fractionated collection using sequential adsorbers. Secondly, a fast quantitative application is shown by determining the weight concentrations of an unknown polyolefin blend through comparison with a reference material. Additionally, the determination of microplastic concentrations in environmental samples is becoming an increasingly important analytical necessity. It is demonstrated that with TED-GC-MS calibration curves showing good linearity for the most important precursors for microplastic, even complex matrix materials (suspended particulate matter) can be successfully analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Duemichen
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - P Eisentraut
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Celina
- Sandia National Laboratories, Organic Materials Science Dept. 1853, Albuquerque, NM, 87185-1411, USA
| | - U Braun
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Braun U, Gerspach C, Brammertz C. The frequency of abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the lungs of 129 calves with bronchopneumonia. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2018; 160:737-741. [DOI: 10.17236/sat00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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DeGroot AA, Braun U, Dilger RN. Efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid on growth and muscle energy metabolism in broiler chicks receiving arginine-deficient diets. Poult Sci 2018; 97:890-900. [PMID: 29294127 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is formed from arginine (Arg) and is the immediate precursor to creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine (PCr), which are important compounds involved in muscle energy homeostasis. This study sought to determine whether GAA could spare Arg in broiler chicks fed an Arg-deficient practical diet. A basal [0.84% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Arg] was supplemented with combinations of L-Arg (0 or 0.16%) and GAA (0, 0.06, or 0.12%) to form a factorial arrangement of diets; the unsupplemented basal served as the negative control (NC). Additionally, the basal was supplemented with 0.32% Arg to generate an Arg-adequate positive control (PC). Mash diets were fed to 8 replicate pens of 5 chicks per treatment from d 8 to 22 posthatch, with measurements including growth performance, blood GAA metabolites, muscle cellular energy markers, and clinical outcomes. Supplementation of 0.16% Arg increased (P < 0.05) BW gain from d 15 to 22 posthatch, while graded addition of GAA tended to improve BW gain (P < 0.094). Supplementation of either Arg or GAA increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency from d 15 to 22 and d 8 to 22 posthatch. Birds fed the PC diet had greater (P < 0.05) responses for nearly all blood and tissue outcomes compared with NC-fed birds. Serum GAA was more responsive to supplementation of GAA in the presence versus absence of supplemental Arg (interaction, P < 0.001). Interactions (P < 0.05) were also observed for concentrations of muscle total Cr, creatinine, and most serum essential amino acids, notably Arg. Serum Cr, as well as muscle PCr, total Cr, and glycogen were increased (P < 0.05) independently by Arg and GAA supplementation, with highest levels achieved via combined addition of 0.12% GAA and 0.16% Arg. Minimal effects were detected on hematological and clinical chemistry outcomes. Overall, we conclude that GAA supplementation can spare Arg in broiler chicks fed Arg-deficient practical diets as evidenced by improvements in growth performance and muscle energy stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A DeGroot
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - U Braun
- AlzChem AG, Trostberg, Germany
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Abstract
A taxonomic monograph of the ascomycete genus Taeniolella (asexual dematiaceous hyphomycetes, sexual morphs unknown) is provided. Recent phylogenetic analyses demonstrated the polyphyly of this genus. The type species of Taeniolella pertains to the Kirschsteiniotheliaceae within Dothideomycetes, while other saprobic species clustered far away within Sordariomycetes, Savoryellaceae s. lat., and Lindgomycetaceae, whereas lichenicolous species belong to a monophyletic clade that represents the order Asterotexiales, but for most species assigned to Taeniolella sequence data and phylogenetic analyses are not yet available. The main focus of the present taxonomic study was on a revision of the lichenicolous Taeniolella species. Since the currently available phylogenetic analyses do not allow final taxonomic conclusions at generic rank, the exclusion of lichenicolous species from Taeniolella s. lat. has been postponed pending a broader sampling and more phylogenetic data of allied ascomycete genera within the order Asterotexiales. For the interim, Taeniolella s. lat., including lichenicolous and saprobic species, is maintained. The taxonomic background, history, generic description and discrimination from morphologically confusable genera, phylogeny, biology, host range and distribution, and species concept of Taeniolella species are briefly outlined and discussed. Keys to the species of Taeniolella divided by ecological groups (lichenicolous taxa, saprobic taxa) are provided, supplemented by a tabular key to lichenicolous species based on host (lichen) families and genera. Twenty-nine lichenicolous species and a Taeniolella sp. (putative asexual morph of Sphaerellothecium thamnoliae) as well as 16 saprobic species are described in detail and illustrated by drawings, macroscopic photographs, light microscopic and SEM micrographs, including six new lichenicolous species (T. arctoparmeliae on Arctoparmelia separata, T. lecanoricola on Lecanora rupicola, T. thelotrematis on Thelotrema, T. umbilicariae and T. umbilicariicola on Umbilicaria, T. weberi on Thelotrema weberi), three new saprobic species (T. filamentosa on Salix, T. ravenelii on Quercus, T. stilbosporoides on Salix caprea), and one new combination, T. arthoniae. Most saprobic Taeniolella species are wood-inhabiting (on bark, decorticated trunks and twigs, rotten wood), whereas lichenicolous species grow on thalli and fruiting bodies (mostly apothecia) of lichens, mostly without causing any evident damage, but they are nevertheless confined to their host lichens, or they are obviously pathogenic and cause either disease of the thalli (e.g., Taeniolella chrysothricis and T. delicata) or at least thallus discolorations or necroses (e.g., T. christiansenii, T. chrysothricis, T. cladinicola, T. pseudocyphellariae, and T. strictae). Taeniolella atricerebrina and T. rolfii induce the formation of distinct galls. The range of micro-morphological traits for taxonomic purposes is limited in Taeniolella species, but size, shape and septation of conidiophores and conidia, including surface ornamentation, provided basic characters. Mycelium, stromata and arrangement of conidiophores are less important for the differentiation of species. Lichenicolous species are widespread on a wide range of lichens, with a focus in the northern hemisphere, mainly in northern temperate regions, including arctic-subartic habitats (18 species, i.e., 62 % of the lichenicolous species). Eleven lichenicolous species, e.g., T. pseudocyphellariae, T. santessonii, T. thelotrematis, T. umbilicariae, are also known from collections in non-temperate Asia, Australia and South America (38 % of the species). Most collections deposited in herbaria are from northern temperate to arctic-subarctic regions, which may reflect activities of lichenologists and mycologist dealing with lichenicolous fungi in general and Taeniolella in particular. Most lichenicolous Taeniolella species are confined to hosts of a single lichen genus or few closely allied genera (26 species, i.e., 97 % of the lichenicolous species), but only three species, T. delicata, T. punctata, and T. verrucosa, have wider hosts ranges. Excluded, doubtful and insufficiently known species assigned to Taeniolella are listed at the end, discussed, described and in some cases illustrated, including Talpapellis beschiana comb. nov. (≡ Taeniolella beschiana), Corynespora laevistipitata (≡ Taeniolella laevistipitata), Stanjehughesia lignicola comb. nov. (≡ Taeniolella lignicola), Sterigmatobotrys rudis (≡ Taeniolella rudis), and Taeniolina scripta (≡ Taeniolella scripta).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Heuchert
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - U Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - P Diederich
- Musée national d'histoire naturelle, 25 rue Munster, L-2160 Luxembourg
| | - D Ertz
- Botanic Garden Meise, Department of Research, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium.,Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Direction Générale de l'Enseignement non obligatoire et de la Recherche scientifique, rue A. Lavallée 1, B-1080 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Córdova-Noboa H, Oviedo-Rondón E, Sarsour A, Barnes J, Ferzola P, Rademacher-Heilshorn M, Braun U. Performance, meat quality, and pectoral myopathies of broilers fed either corn or sorghum based diets supplemented with guanidinoacetic acid. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2479-2493. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Córdova-Noboa H, Oviedo-Rondón E, Sarsour A, Barnes J, Sapcota D, López D, Gross L, Rademacher-Heilshorn M, Braun U. Effect of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on live performance, meat quality, pectoral myopathies and blood parameters of male broilers fed corn-based diets with or without poultry by-products. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2494-2505. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Crous P, Schumacher R, Wingfield M, Akulov A, Denman S, Roux J, Braun U, Burgess T, Carnegie A, Váczy K, Guatimosim E, Schwartsburd P, Barreto R, Hernández-Restrepo M, Lombard L, Groenewald J. New and Interesting Fungi. 1. Fungal Syst Evol 2018; 1:169-216. [PMID: 32490366 PMCID: PMC7259438 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2018.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study introduces two new families, one new genus, 22 new species, 10 new combinations, four epitypes, and 16 interesting new host and / or geographical records. Cylindriaceae (based on Cylindrium elongatum) is introduced as new family, with three new combinations. Xyladictyochaetaceae (based on Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica) is introduced to accommodate Xyladictyochaeta. Pseudoanungitea gen. nov. (based on P. syzygii) is described on stems of Vaccinium myrtillus (Germany). New species include: Exophiala eucalypticola on Eucalyptus obliqua leaf litter, Phyllosticta hakeicola on leaves of Hakea sp., Setophaeosphaeria citricola on leaves of Citrus australasica, and Sirastachys cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae (Australia); Polyscytalum chilense on leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla (Chile); Pseudoanungitea vaccinii on Vaccinium myrtillus (Germany); Teichospora quercus on branch tissue of Quercus sp. (France); Fusiconidium lycopodiellae on stems of Lycopodiella inundata, Monochaetia junipericola on twig of Juniperus communis, Myrmecridium sorbicola on branch tissues of Sorbus aucuparia, Parathyridaria philadelphi on twigs of Philadelphus coronarius, and Wettsteinina philadelphi on twigs of Philadelphus coronarius (Germany); Zygosporium pseudogibbum on leaves of Eucalyptus pellita (Malaysia); Pseudoanungitea variabilis on dead wood (Spain); Alfaria acaciae on leaves of Acacia propinqua, Dictyochaeta mimusopis on leaves of Mimusops caffra, and Pseudocercospora breonadiae on leaves of Breonadia microcephala (South Africa); Colletotrichum kniphofiae on leaves of Kniphofia uvaria, Subplenodomus iridicola on Iris sp., and Trochila viburnicola on twig cankers on Viburnum sp. (UK); Polyscytalum neofecundissimum on Quercus robur leaf litter, and Roussoella euonymi on fallen branches of Euonymus europaeus (Ukraine). New combinations include: Cylindrium algarvense on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Portugal), Cylindrium purgamentum on leaf litter (USA), Cylindrium syzygii on leaves of Syzygium sp. (Australia), Microdochium musae on leaves of Musa sp. (Malaysia), Polyscytalum eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus grandis × pellita (Malaysia), P. eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus (Australia), P. grevilleae on leaves of Grevillea (Australia), P. nullicananum on leaves of Eucalyptus (Australia), Pseudoanungitea syzygii on Syzygium cordatum leaf litter (South Africa), and Setophaeosphaeria sidae on leaves of Sida sp. (Brazil). New records include: Sphaerellopsis paraphysata on leaves of Phragmites sp., Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali on leaves of Melaleuca sp. and Eucalyptus regnans, and Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp. (Australia); Camarosporidiella mackenziei on twigs of Caragana sp. (Finland); Cyclothyriella rubronotata on twigs of Ailanthus altissima, Rhinocladiella quercus on Sorbus aucuparia branches (Germany); Cytospora viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera (Hungary); Echinocatena arthrinioides on leaves of Acacia crassicarpa (Malaysia); Varicosporellopsis aquatilis from garden soil (Netherlands); Pestalotiopsis hollandica on needles of Cupressus sempervirens (Spain), Pseudocamarosporium africanum on twigs of Erica sp. (South Africa), Pseudocamarosporium brabeji on branch of Platanus sp. (Switzerland); Neocucurbitaria cava on leaves of Quercus ilex (UK); Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa on decaying wood of Carpinus betulus, Haplograhium delicatum on decaying Carpinus betulus wood (Ukraine). Epitypes are designated for: Elsinoë mimosae on leaves of Mimosa diplotricha (Brazil), Neohendersonia kickxii on Fagus sylvatica twig bark (Italy), Caliciopsis maxima on fronds of Niphidium crassifolium (Brazil), Dictyochaeta septata on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla (Chile), and Microdochium musae on leaves of Musa sp. (Malaysia).
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - M.J. Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - A. Akulov
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - S. Denman
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, UK
| | - J. Roux
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - T.I. Burgess
- Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - A.J. Carnegie
- Forest Health & Biosecurity, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Level 12, 10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, Locked Bag 5123, Parramatta NSW 2124, Australia
| | - K.Z. Váczy
- Centre for Research and Development, Eszterházy Károly University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - E. Guatimosim
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, CEP: 96170-000, São Lourenço do Sul, Brazil
| | - P.B. Schwartsburd
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36.570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R.W. Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36.570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Braun U, Henderson J. The Macewen/Kirstein medal of the European Airway Mangement Society. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Braun U, Nakashima C, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Moreno-Rico O, Rooney-Latham S, Blomquist CL, Haas J, Marmolejo J. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Tubakia s. lat.. Fungal Syst Evol 2018; 1:41-99. [PMID: 32490362 PMCID: PMC7259437 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2018.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Tubakia is revised on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic data. The phylogenetic affinity of Tubakia to the family Melanconiellaceae (Diaporthales) was recently postulated, but new analyses based on sequences retrieved from material of the type species of Tubakia, T. dryina, support a family of its own, viz. Tubakiaceae fam. nov. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed the heterogeneity of Tubakia s. lat. which is divided into several genera, viz., Tubakia s. str., Apiognomonioides gen. nov. (type species: Apiognomonioides supraseptata), Involutiscutellula gen. nov. (type species: Involutiscutellula rubra), Oblongisporothyrium gen. nov. (type species: Oblongisporothyrium castanopsidis), Paratubakia gen. nov. (type species: Paratubakia subglobosa), Racheliella gen. nov. (type species: Racheliella wingfieldiana sp. nov.), Saprothyrium gen. nov. (type species: Saprothyrium thailandense) and Sphaerosporithyrium gen. nov. (type species: Sphaerosporithyrium mexicanum sp. nov.). Greeneria saprophytica is phylogenetically closely allied to Racheliella wingfieldiana and is therefore reallocated to Racheliella. Particular emphasis is laid on a revision and phylogenetic analyses of Tubakia species described from Japan and North America. Almost all North American collections of this genus were previously referred to as T. dryina s. lat., which is, however, a heterogeneous complex. Several new North American species have recently been described. The new species Sphaerosporithyrium mexicanum, Tubakia melnikiana and T. sierrafriensis, causing leaf spots on several oak species found in the North-Central Mexican state Aguascalientes and the North-Eastern Mexican state Nuevo León, are described, illustrated, and compared with similar species. Several additional new species are introduced, including Tubakia californica based on Californian collections on various species of the genera Chrysolepis, Notholithocarpus and Quercus, and T. dryinoides, T. oblongispora, T. paradryinoides, and Paratubakia subglobosoides described on the basis of Japanese collections. Tubakia suttoniana nom. nov., based on Dicarpella dryina, is a species closely allied to T. californica and currently only known from Europe. Tubakia dryina, type species of Tubakia, is epitypified, and the phylogenetic position and circumscription of Tubakia are clarified. A revised, supplemented key to the species of Tubakia and allied genera on the basis of conidiomata is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - C Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - O Moreno-Rico
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Av. Universidad No. 940, Colonia Cd. Universitaria, C. P. 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - S Rooney-Latham
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Plant Pest Diagnostics Lab, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA
| | - C L Blomquist
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Plant Pest Diagnostics Lab, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA
| | - J Haas
- US Forest Service, Stanislaus National Forest, 24545 Highway 120, Groveland, CA 95321, USA
| | - J Marmolejo
- Laboratorio de Patología y Micología Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, UANL, Carr. Nac. Km 145 Linares, N.L., Mexico
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Wang S, Müller A, Hilfiker D, Marquardt S, Kreuzer M, Braun U, Schwarm A. Effect of individual Ayurveda plants and mixtures thereof on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production and nutrient degradability. Anim Prod Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify new ways to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants, six medicinal plants, Achyranthes aspera, Azadirachta indica, Andrographis paniculata, Helicteres isora, Tinospora cordifolia and Piper longum, were evaluated in vitro with respect to ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis. A three-stage approach with n = 6 per treatment was applied. Two 24-h Hohenheim gas test experiments were performed by incubating the plants first as sole substrate and then added to a basal diet (10 g/kg diet DM). Finally, in a 10-day Rusitec experiment, A. paniculata, P. longum and T. cordifolia were supplemented individually and in all binary combinations to a basal diet (25 g/kg DM). Provided as sole substrate, all plants, except P. longum, decreased methane and carbon dioxide production (P < 0.05), and reduced the methane : short-chain fatty acid ratio (P < 0.05) in the Hohenheim gas test. In Rusitec, none of the individual supplements decreased methane production. The combination of A. paniculata with P. longum as a supplement was effective in mitigating the methane : carbon dioxide ratio and simultaneously maintaining feeding value. In conclusion, all medicinal plants incubated as sole substrate, except P. longum, possess anti-methanogenic properties, especially T. cordifolia, A. indica and H. isora. When supplemented at the levels investigated, they were mostly neutral with respect to rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion. Combining A. paniculata with P. longum mitigated methane without side effects on general ruminal fermentation. Further investigations, carried out in vivo, will demonstrate how useful this plant combination is in ruminant nutrition.
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Braun U, Buchli H, Hässig M. Eating and rumination activities two weeks prepartum to one month postpartum in 100 healthy cows and cows with peripartum diseases. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2017; 159:535-544. [PMID: 28952961 DOI: 10.17236/sat00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating and rumination activities were investigated in 100 cows from 14 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum. All cows were clinically healthy at the start of the study. A pressure sensor incorporated into the noseband of a halter was used to record jaw movements, which allowed the quantification of the daily duration of eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud. The cows were retrospectively divided into 2 main groups healthy (n = 24) and ill cows (n = 76), and the latter were further divided into the following subgroups: cows with periparturient paresis (n = 12), retained placenta (n = 13), metritis (n = 17), primary ketosis (n = 19) and lameness (n = 6). Healthy cows had the shortest eating and rumination times on the day of calving; duration of eating decreased continually before and increased steadily after calving. In contrast, duration of rumination varied little except for a significant drop on the days of calving. Compared with healthy cows, eating times of ill cows were significantly shorter before and after calving and rumination time was reduced on days 2 to 4 postpartum. The duration of eating differed between healthy and ill cows before calving, and therefore the usefulness of eating and rumination variables for early recognition of periparturient diseases in cows requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - H Buchli
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Hässig
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating and rumination behaviour in 22 cows with traumatic reticuloperitonitis was recorded after the start of treatment. Based on the results of clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations, the cows were divided into two groups: Group A consisted of 12 cows without an intramural or perforating foreign body and group B had 10 cows with an intramural or perforating foreign body. Cows of group A received amoxicillin, flunixin meglumine and a NaCl-glucose infusion, and cows of group B received the same treatment accompanied by foreign body removal via ruminotomy. All cows were fitted with a horse halter equipped with a pressure sensor integrated into the noseband, and eating and rumination activities were recorded continuously for 7 days. Additional 24-hour- recording periods occurred on days 14 and 30. Results obtained previously from 300 healthy cows were used for comparison. Median daily eating time in group A was 168 minutes (reference interval 211 to 319 min) on day 1 and increased to within the reference interval by day 3. Eating time on day 14 was 290 minutes and significantly longer than on day 1. Eating time was 294 minutes on day 30. Eating time in group B was comparable, and the patterns of normalisation for the number of chewing cycles related to eating, rumination time, the number of regurgitated cuds per day and the number of chewing cycles per cud were similar to that of group A: all variables were significantly reduced on day 1 and normalised within 3 to 5 days. The findings showed that eating and rumination are reduced in cows with traumatic reticuloperitonitis and that successful treatment results in rapid normalisation. Monitoring eating and rumination behaviour using a pressure sensor integrated into a halter allows objective clinical assessment of cows recovering from traumatic reticuloperitonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - T Tschoner
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Hässig
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - K Nuss
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Braun U, Clavadetscher G, Baumgartner M, Riond B, Binz T. Hair cortisol concentration and adrenal gland weight in healthy and ill cows. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2017; 159:493-495. [DOI: 10.17236/sat00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
The Mycosphaerellaceae represent thousands of fungal species that are associated with diseases on a wide range of plant hosts. Understanding and stabilising the taxonomy of genera and species of Mycosphaerellaceae is therefore of the utmost importance given their impact on agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Based on previous molecular studies, several phylogenetic and morphologically distinct genera within the Mycosphaerellaceae have been delimited. In this study a multigene phylogenetic analysis (LSU, ITS and rpb2) was performed based on 415 isolates representing 297 taxa and incorporating ex-type strains where available. The main aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among the genera currently recognised within the family, and to clarify the position of the cercosporoid fungi among them. Based on these results many well-known genera are shown to be paraphyletic, with several synapomorphic characters that have evolved more than once within the family. As a consequence, several old generic names including Cercosporidium, Fulvia, Mycovellosiella, Phaeoramularia and Raghnildiana are resurrected, and 32 additional genera are described as new. Based on phylogenetic data 120 genera are now accepted within the family, but many currently accepted cercosporoid genera still remain unresolved pending fresh collections and DNA data. The present study provides a phylogenetic framework for future taxonomic work within the Mycosphaerellaceae.
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Key Words
- Adelopus gaeumannii T. Rohde
- Amycosphaerella keniensis (Crous & T.A. Cout.) Videira & Crous
- Australosphaerella Videira & Crous
- Australosphaerella nootherensis (Carnegie) Videira & Crous
- Biharia vangueriae Thirum. & Mishra
- Brunswickiella Videira & Crous
- Brunswickiella parsonsiae (Crous & Summerell) Videira & Crous
- Catenulocercospora C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Catenulocercospora fusimaculans (G.F. Atk.) C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Cercoramularia Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Cercoramularia koreana Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Cercospora brachycarpa Syd.
- Cercospora cajani Henn.
- Cercospora desmodii Ellis & Kellerm.
- Cercospora ferruginea Fuckel
- Cercospora gnaphaliacea Cooke
- Cercospora gomphrenicola Speg.
- Cercospora henningsii Allesch.
- Cercospora mangiferae Koord.
- Cercospora microsora Sacc.
- Cercospora rosicola Pass.
- Cercospora smilacis Thüm.
- Cercospora tiliae Peck
- Cercosporidium californicum (S.T. Koike & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Cercosporidium helleri Earle
- Chuppomyces Videira & Crous
- Chuppomyces handelii (Bubák) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Cladosporium bacilligerum Mont. & Fr.
- Cladosporium chaetomium Cooke
- Cladosporium fulvum Cooke
- Cladosporium lonicericola Yong H. He & Z.Y. Zhang
- Cladosporium personatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis
- Clarohilum Videira & Crous
- Clarohilum henningsii (Allesch.) Videira & Crous
- Clasterosporium degenerans Syd. & P. Syd.
- Clypeosphaerella calotropidis (Ellis & Everh.) Videira & Crous
- Collarispora Videira & Crous
- Collarispora valgourgensis (Crous) Videira & Crous
- Coremiopassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Coremiopassalora eucalypti (Crous & Alfenas) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Coremiopassalora leptophlebae (Crous et al.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Coryneum vitiphyllum Speschnew
- Cryptosporium acicola Thüm.
- Deightonomyces Videira & Crous
- Deightonomyces daleae (Ellis & Kellerm.) Videira & Crous
- Devonomyces Videira & Crous
- Devonomyces endophyticus (Crous & H. Sm. Ter) Videira & Crous
- Distocercosporaster Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Distocercosporaster dioscoreae (Ellis & G. Martin) Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Distomycovellosiella U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Distomycovellosiella brachycarpa (Syd.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Exopassalora Videira & Crous
- Exopassalora zambiae (Crous & T.A. Cout.) Videira & Crous
- Exosporium livistonicola U. Braun, Videira & Crous for Distocercospora livistonae U. Braun & C.F. Hill
- Exutisphaerella Videira & Crous
- Exutisphaerella laricina (R. Hartig) Videira & Crous
- Fusoidiella anethi (Pers.) Videira & Crous
- Graminopassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Graminopassalora graminis (Fuckel) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Helicoma fasciculatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis.
- Hyalocercosporidium Videira & Crous
- Hyalocercosporidium desmodii Videira & Crous
- Hyalozasmidium U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Hyalozasmidium aerohyalinosporum (Crous & Summerell) Videira & Crous
- Hyalozasmidium sideroxyli U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Isariopsis griseola Sacc.
- Madagascaromyces U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Madagascaromyces intermedius (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Videira & Crous
- Micronematomyces U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Micronematomyces caribensis (Crous & Den Breeÿen) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Micronematomyces chromolaenae (Crous & Den Breeÿen) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Multi-gene phylogeny
- Mycosphaerella
- Neoceratosperma haldinae U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Neoceratosperma legnephoricola U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Neocercosporidium Videira & Crous
- Neocercosporidium smilacis (Thüm.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Neophloeospora Videira & Crous
- Neophloeospora maculans (Bérenger) Videira & Crous
- Nothopassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Nothopericoniella Videira & Crous
- Nothopericoniella perseae-macranthae (Hosag. & U. Braun) Videira & Crous
- Nothophaeocryptopus Videira, C. Nakash., U. Braun, Crous
- Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii (T. Rohde) Videira, C. Nakash., U. Braun, Crous
- Pachyramichloridium Videira & Crous
- Pachyramichloridium pini (de Hoog & Rahman) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Paracercosporidium Videira & Crous
- Paracercosporidium microsorum (Sacc.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Paracercosporidium tiliae (Peck) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Paramycosphaerella wachendorfiae (Crous) Videira & Crous
- Paramycovellosiella Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Paramycovellosiella passaloroides (G. Winter) Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Parapallidocercospora Videira, Crous, U. Braun, C. Nakash.
- Parapallidocercospora colombiensis (Crous et al.) Videira & Crous
- Parapallidocercospora thailandica (Crous et al.) Videira & Crous
- Phaeocercospora juniperina (Georgescu & Badea) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Plant pathogen
- Pleopassalora Videira & Crous
- Pleopassalora perplexa (Beilharz et al.) Videira & Crous
- Pleuropassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pleuropassalora armatae (Crous & A.R. Wood) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pluripassalora Videira & Crous
- Pluripassalora bougainvilleae (Munt.-Cvetk.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudocercospora convoluta (Crous & Den Breeÿen) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudocercospora nodosa (Constant.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudocercospora platanigena Videira & Crous for Stigmella platani Fuckel, non Pseudocercospora platani (J.M. Yen) J.M. Yen 1979
- Pseudocercospora zambiensis (Deighton) Crous & U. Braun
- Pseudopericoniella Videira & Crous
- Pseudopericoniella levispora (Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Pseudophaeophleospora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudophaeophleospora atkinsonii (Syd.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudophaeophleospora stonei (Crous) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium eucalypti (Crous & Summerell) Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium nabiacense (Crous & Carnegie) Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium parkii (Crous & Alfenas) Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium vietnamense (Barber & T.I. Burgess) Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana ampelopsidis (Peck) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana diffusa (Heald & F.A. Wolf) Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana ferruginea (Fuckel) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana gnaphaliaceae (Cooke) Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Ragnhildiana perfoliati (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana pseudotithoniae (Crous & Cheew.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ramulispora sorghiphila U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Rhachisphaerella Videira & Crous
- Rhachisphaerella mozambica (Arzanlou & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Rosisphaerella Videira & Crous
- Rosisphaerella rosicola (Pass.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Scolicotrichum roumeguerei Briosi & Cavara
- Septoria martiniana Sacc
- Sphaerella araneosa Rehm
- Sphaerella laricina R. Hartig
- Stictosepta cupularis Petr.
- Stigmella platani Fuckel
- Sultanimyces Videira & Crous
- Sultanimyces vitiphyllus (Speschnew) Videira & Crous
- Tapeinosporium viride Bonord
- Taxonomy
- Utrechtiana roumeguerei (Cavara) Videira & Crous
- Virosphaerella Videira & Crous
- Virosphaerella irregularis (Cheew. et al.) Videira & Crous
- Virosphaerella pseudomarksii (Cheew. et al.) Videira & Crous
- Xenosonderhenioides Videira & Crous
- Xenosonderhenioides indonesiana C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium arcuatum (Arzanlou et al.) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium biverticillatum (Arzanlou & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium cerophilum (Tubaki) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium daviesiae (Cooke & Massee) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium elaeocarpi U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium eucalypticola U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium grevilleae U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium gupoyu (R. Kirschner) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium hakeae U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium iteae (R. Kirschner) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium musae-banksii Videira & Crous for Ramichloridium australiense Arzanlou & Crous, non Zasmidium australiense (J.L. Mulder) U. Braun & Crous 2013
- Zasmidium musigenum Videira & Crous for Veronaea musae Stahel ex M.B. Ellis, non Zasmidium musae (Arzanlou & Crous) Crous & U. Braun 2010
- Zasmidium proteacearum (D.E. Shaw & Alcorn) U. Braun, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Zasmidium pseudotsugae (V.A.M. Mill. & Bonar) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium pseudovespa (Carnegie) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium schini U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium strelitziae (Arzanlou et al.) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium tsugae (Dearn.) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium velutinum (G. Winter) Videira & Crous
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Affiliation(s)
- S.I.R. Videira
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C. Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - R.W. Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - P.J.G.M. de Wit
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Braun U, Warislohner S, Gerspach C, Ohlerth S, Wanninger S, Borel N. Clinical, sonographic and pathological findings in a Saanen goat with mediastinal thymoma. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2017; 159:185-188. [PMID: 28248188 DOI: 10.17236/sat00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - S Warislohner
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - C Gerspach
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - S Ohlerth
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - S Wanninger
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - N Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Marin-Felix Y, Groenewald J, Cai L, Chen Q, Marincowitz S, Barnes I, Bensch K, Braun U, Camporesi E, Damm U, de Beer Z, Dissanayake A, Edwards J, Giraldo A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hyde K, Jayawardena R, Lombard L, Luangsa-ard J, McTaggart A, Rossman A, Sandoval-Denis M, Shen M, Shivas R, Tan Y, van der Linde E, Wingfield M, Wood A, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Crous P. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1. Stud Mycol 2017; 86:99-216. [PMID: 28663602 PMCID: PMC5486355 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) is introduced as a new series of publications in order to provide a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. This first paper focuses on 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi: Bipolaris, Boeremia, Calonectria, Ceratocystis, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coniella, Curvularia, Monilinia, Neofabraea, Neofusicoccum, Pilidium, Pleiochaeta, Plenodomus, Protostegia, Pseudopyricularia, Puccinia, Saccharata, Thyrostroma, Venturia and Wilsonomyces. For each genus, a morphological description and information about its pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms are provided. In addition, this information is linked to primary and secondary DNA barcodes of the presently accepted species, and relevant literature. Moreover, several novelties are introduced, i.e. new genera, species and combinations, and neo-, lecto- and epitypes designated to provide a stable taxonomy. This first paper includes one new genus, 26 new species, ten new combinations, and four typifications of older names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Marin-Felix
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - S. Marincowitz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - I. Barnes
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Straße 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Camporesi
- A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy
- A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314, Brescia, Italy
- Società per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna, C.P. 144, Bagnacavallo (RA), Italy
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Z.W. de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A. Dissanayake
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - J. Edwards
- AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - A. Giraldo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K.D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - R.S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Luangsa-ard
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity and Biotechnological Resource Research Unit (BBR), BIOTEC, NSTDA 113 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - A.R. McTaggart
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M. Shen
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y.P. Tan
- Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E.J. van der Linde
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Biosystematics Division – Mycology, P. Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A.R. Wood
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - J.Q. Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION This report describes 2 sheep with enzootic calcinosis characterized by abnormal cardiovascular and respiratory findings and ascites causing abdominal distension. Both sheep were anorexic and listless and had increased heart and respiratory rates. Auscultation of the heart revealed a gallop rhythm in sheep 1 and a loud systolic heart murmur in sheep 2. The activities of liver enzymes were severely increased in both sheep. Abdominal ultrasonography showed severe ascites and congestion of the liver and caudal vena cava. Echocardiography in sheep 2 showed hyperechoic and markedly thickened mitral and aortic valves with moderate-severe mitral insufficiency and generalized cardiomegaly. Both sheep were euthanized and examined postmortem. In addition to ascites and pleural effusion, the principal lesions were nodular thickening of the heart valves and calcification of the aorta and other arteries. Nutrition of the sheep did not include hay pellets, but the sheep were kept together with alpacas and lamas and had access to the hay pellets of these animals. In addition visitors were allowed to feed the sheep with hay pellets offered by the zoo in a dispenser. The two types of hay pellets had Vit D concentrations of 9'900 IU VitD3/kg and 7'000 IU Vit D2/kg, respectively. The definitive diagnosis was enzootic calcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - K Mitchell
- Equine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - S Schramm
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - S Nogler
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - J Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - A Malbon
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this study was to investigate whether intravenous infusion of 1000 ml 40% calcium borogluconate combined with the oral adminstration of 500 g sodium phosphate leads to a better cure rate and longer-lasting normocalcaemia and normophosphataemia than standard intravenous treatment with 500 ml calcium borogluconate in cows with parturient paresis. Forty recumbent cows with hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia were alternately allocated to group A or B. Cows of both groups were treated intravenously with 500 ml 40% calcium borogluconate, and cows of group B additionally received another 500 ml calcium borogluconate via slow intravenous infusion and 500 g sodium phosphate administered via an orogastric tube. Thirty-two cows stood within 8 hours after the start of treatment and 8 did not; of the 32 cows that stood, 18 belonged to group A and 14 to group B (90% of group A vs. 70% of group B; P = 0.23). Seven cows relapsed; of these and the 8 that did not respond to initial treatment, 10 stood after two standard intravenous treatments. Downer cow syndrome occurred in 5 cows, 3 of which recovered after aggressive therapy. The overall cure rate did not differ significantly between groups A and B. Twelve (60%) cows of group A and 14 (70%) cows of group B were cured after a single treatment and of the remaining 14, 11 were cured after two or more treatments. Two downer cows were euthanized and one other died of heart failure during treatment. Serum calcium concentrations during the first eight hours after the start of treatment were significantly higher in group B than in group A, and oral sodium phosphate caused a significant and lasting increase in inorganic phosphate. More cows of group B than group A were cured after a single treatment (P > 0.05). These findings, although not statistically significant, are promising and should be verified using a larger number of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - D Grob
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Hässig
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Braun U, Suarez J, Gasparini S, Warislohner S, Dennler M. Magnetic resonance imaging in a lamb with compression of the thoracic spinal cord by an abscess. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 158:573-7. [PMID: 27518732 DOI: 10.17236/sat00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This report describes a two-month-old Ouessant ram lamb with hind limb ataxia, knuckling and falling attributable to an abscess in the thoracic vertebral region. A swelling palpated adjacent to the spinous processes of the 9th to 12th thoracic vertebrae was identified via ultrasonography as an abscess located on the transverse processes of these vertebrae. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lamb postmortem revealed that the abscess had invaded the vertebral canal through a channel at the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra causing extradural spinal cord compression. Postmortem examination confirmed these findings, and histological examination showed acute spinal cord degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - J Suarez
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - S Gasparini
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Warislohner
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Dennler
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich
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Abstract
Ramularia is a species-rich genus that harbours plant pathogens responsible for yield losses to many important crops, including barley, sugar beet and strawberry. Species of Ramularia are hyphomycetes with hyaline conidiophores and conidia with distinct, thickened, darkened, refractive conidiogenous loci and conidial hila, and Mycosphaerella sexual morphs. Because of its simple morphology and general lack of DNA data in public databases, several allied genera are frequently confused with Ramularia. In order to improve the delimitation of Ramularia from allied genera and the circumscription of species within the genus Ramularia, a polyphasic approach based on multilocus DNA sequences, morphological and cultural data were used in this study. A total of 420 isolates belonging to Ramularia and allied genera were targeted for the amplification and sequencing of six partial genes. Although Ramularia and Ramulariopsis proved to be monophyletic, Cercosporella and Pseudocercosporella were polyphyletic. Phacellium isolates clustered within the Ramularia clade and the genus is thus tentatively reduced to synonymy under Ramularia. Cercosporella and Pseudocercosporella isolates that were not congeneric with the ex-type strains of the type species of those genera were assigned to existing genera or to the newly introduced genera Teratoramularia and Xenoramularia, respectively. Teratoramularia is a genus with ramularia-like morphology belonging to the Teratosphaeriaceae, and Xenoramularia was introduced to accommodate hyphomycetous species closely related to Zymoseptoria. The genera Apseudocercosporella, Epicoleosporium, Filiella, Fusidiella, Neopseudocercosporella, and Mycosphaerelloides were also newly introduced to accommodate species non-congeneric with their purported types. A total of nine new combinations and 24 new species were introduced in this study.
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Key Words
- Acrodontium fagicola Videira & Crous
- Acrodontium luzulae Videira & Crous
- Acrodontium pigmentosum Videira & Crous
- Apseudocercosporella Videira & Crous
- Apseudocercosporella trigonotidis Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Barcoding
- Cercosporella catenulata Videira & Crous
- Cercosporella gossypii Speg.
- Cercosporoid
- Crocysporium rubellum Bonord.
- Cylindrosporium heraclei Oudem.
- Epicoleosporium Videira & Crous
- Epicoleosporium ramularioides Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Filiella Videira & Crous
- Filiella pastinacae (P. Karst.) Videira & Crous
- Fusoidiella Videira & Crous
- Fusoidiella depressa (Berk. & Broome) Videira & Crous
- Fusoma inaequale Preuss
- Multilocus phylogeny
- Mycosphaerella
- Mycosphaerelloides Videira & Crous
- Mycosphaerelloides madeirae (Crous & Denman) Videira & Crous
- Neopseudocercosporella Videira & Crous
- Neopseudocercosporella brassicae (Chevall.) Videira & Crous
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellae (Ellis & Everh.) Videira & Crous
- Ovularia tovarae Sawada
- Plant pathogen
- Ramularia acroptili Bremer
- Ramularia alangiicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia aplospora Speg.
- Ramularia armoraciae Fuckel
- Ramularia beticola Fautrey & Lambotte
- Ramularia cerastiicola (Crous) Videira & Crous
- Ramularia collo-cygni B. Sutton & J.M. Waller
- Ramularia euonymicola Videira, H.D. Shin, U. Braun & Crous
- Ramularia gaultheriae Videira & Crous
- Ramularia geranii Fuckel
- Ramularia geraniicola Videira & Crous
- Ramularia kriegeriana Bres
- Ramularia lamii Fuckel var. lamii
- Ramularia malicola Videira & Crous
- Ramularia neodeusta Videira & Crous
- Ramularia osterici Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia pusilla Unger
- Ramularia rumicicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia stellariicola (M.J. Park et al.) Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia trigonotidis Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia vallisumbrosae Cavara
- Ramularia variabilis Fuckel
- Ramularia veronicicola Videira & Crous
- Ramularia weberiana Videira & Crous
- Ramulariopsis pseudoglycines Videira, Crous & Braun
- Sphaerulina chaenomelis (Y. Suto) Videira, U. Braun, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Sphaerulina koreana (Crous et al.) Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Teratoramularia Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Teratoramularia infinita Videira & Crous
- Teratoramularia kirschneriana Videira & Crous
- Teratoramularia persicariae Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Teratoramularia rumicicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Xenoramularia Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Xenoramularia arxii Videira & Crous
- Xenoramularia neerlandica Videira & Crous
- Xenoramularia polygonicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
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Affiliation(s)
- S.I.R. Videira
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H.D. Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Scholler M, Schmidt A, Siahaan SAS, Takamatsu S, Braun U. A taxonomic and phylogenetic study of the Golovinomyces biocellatus complex (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) using asexual state morphology and rDNA sequence data. Mycol Prog 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Clauss M, Fritz J, Tschuor A, Braun U, Hummel J, Codron D. Dry matter and digesta particle size gradients along the goat digestive tract on grass and browse diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:61-69. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Clauss
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Clinic for Zoo Animals; Exotic Pets and Wildlife; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Fritz
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Clinic for Zoo Animals; Exotic Pets and Wildlife; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Tschuor
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Department of Farm Animals; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - U. Braun
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Department of Farm Animals; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Hummel
- Department of Animal Sciences; Ruminant Nutrition; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - D. Codron
- Florisbad Quaternary Research; National Museum; Bloemfontein South Africa
- Centre for Environmental Management; University of the Free State; Bloemfontein South Africa
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Zeitz J, Ineichen S, Soliva C, Leiber F, Tschuor A, Braun U, Kreuzer M, Clauss M. Variability in microbial population and fermentation traits at various sites within the forestomach and along the digestive tract as assessed in goats fed either grass or browse. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Braun U, Hilbe M, Gerspach C, Ruetten M. [Ulcerative colitis and proctitis in two Swiss Braunvieh cows]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 157:203-8. [PMID: 26757583 DOI: 10.17236/sat00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two Swiss Braunvieh cows were referred to our clinic because of narrowing of the rectum and difficult rectal examination attributable to restricted arm movement within the pelvic cavity. Cow 1 also had perforation of the cranial rectum and cow 2 had multiple small funnel-shaped depressions in the rectal mucosa. Both cows had ultrasonographic evidence of peritonitis with thickening of the intestinal wall and fibrin and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity. A diagnosis of peritonitis was made in both cows, most likely caused by rectal perforation; they were euthanized and a post-mortem examination was carried out. Both cows had proctitis and ulcerative colitis with three or four perforated ulcers which were associated with fibrinopurulent peritonitis. The final diagnosis was ulcerative colitis and proctitis of unknown aetiology. Infectious causes of colitis and proctitis, including bovine viral diarrhoea, adenovirus infection and salmonellosis, and trauma and poisoning were ruled out.
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Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of ultrasonographic assessment of reticuloruminal motility in 45 healthy cows. The transducers of five ultrasound machines were connected to a digital video recorder and placed simultaneously at five sites on the left side of the cows to scan the reticulorumen (reticulum; ruminal atrium; dorsal sac of the rumen; left longitudinal groove; ruminal recess, caudodorsal and caudoventral blind sacs). The video streams from all five ultrasound machines were recorded synchronously with the same time line and displayed on a single monitor. Time 0 was defined as the start of a biphasic reticular contraction. The reticulum was visualised in all cows and had 11.0 ± 2.12 biphasic contractions in 9 min. The ruminal atrium was visualised in 40 (89%) cows and had 10.7 ± 2.10 contractions in 9 min, which started at the time point 5.0 ± 0.83 sec and lasted 7.0 ± 2.14 sec. Contractions of the dorsal sac of the rumen, visible in all cows, were visualised in 29 (64%) cows. There were 9.5 ± 1.8 contractions in 9 min that started at the time point 4.0 ± 0.85 sec and lasted 8.2 ± 1.04 sec. The left longitudinal groove was seen contracting in 39 (87%) cows. There were 10.2 ± 1.98 contractions in 9 min that started at the time point 4.1 ± 1.81 sec and lasted 7.8 ± 1.19 sec. Contractions of the ventral sac of the rumen (ruminal recess) were seen in 31 (69%) cows. There were 7.5 ± 2.59 contractions in 9 min that started at the time point 14.3 ± 4.30 sec. Contractions of the caudodorsal and caudoventral blind sacs were seen in 34 (76%) cows. There were 9.0 ± 2.75 (1.0 ± 0.31) contractions/min and 9.4 ± 2.09 (1.0 ± 0.23) contractions/min of the dorsal and ventral blind sacs, and they started at the time points 6.2 ± 1.32 sec and 21.3 ± 6.20 sec, respectively. Primary contraction cycles were seen in all cows and secondary cycles in 22 (49%) cows. The former were complete in 37 (82%) cows and incomplete in 8 (18%). There were 11.0 ± 2.12 primary and 4.5 ± 2.15 secondary cycles in 9 min, and the ratio between primary and secondary cycles averaged 2.4:1. Ultrasonography is suitable for the assessment of reticuloruminal motility
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Abstract
Cattle movement is one of the most important risk factors for the occurrence of an epidemic. It is a legal requirement in Switzerland that every cattle movement be reported, and this information is held in the Swiss cattle movement database (Tierverkehrsdatenbank, TVD). Using this data we examined all movements, focusing on the geographical distribution of these movements in relation to the spread of epizootic diseases. We considered the period 01 January 2011 through 30 January 2012, in which a total of 786'462 cattle were moved. Looking at premises individually, a maximum of 901 possible transfers of an infectious agent were found on a specific day after the arrival of another cattle. Furthermore, we found that there were more cattle movements in summer than in winter, due to movements of cattle to and from alpine pastures. There were also prominent regional differences. On the first day after the arrival of a cattle there was a minimum of zero and a maximum of 99'168 possible transfers of an infectious agent. Nevertheless, in most cases there were no cattle moved on the first day following the arrival of a cattle (91.4%). In terms of our epizootics of interest, the following numbers of cattle were moved within the relevant incubation periods: 19'779'551 possible transfers for the Lumpy skin disease, with an incubation period of 28 days; 9'891'665 or 15'025'741 possible transfers for foot and mouth disease, depending on the incubation period of 14 or 21 days; 15'025'741 possible transfers for cattle plague and vesicular stomatitis, both with an incubation period of 21 days. The presented data show a large cattle traffic in Switzerland, and therefore suggest that it is very seldom that an infectious agent is able to start an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hässig
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - A B Meier
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - U Braun
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | | | - R Schmidt
- Institute for Geography, University of Zurich
| | - F Lewis
- Section for Epidemiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich
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Braun U, Brammertz C. Ultrasonographic examination of the oesophageal groove reflex in young calves under various feeding conditions. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 157:457-63. [PMID: 26753366 DOI: 10.17236/sat00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The oesophageal groove reflex was examined in 6 milk-fed Holstein Friesian calves once weekly during the first 17 weeks of life. Additionally, the effect of different feeding methods (bucket, different nipple positions and openings), different milk temperatures (20, 30, 39, 45°C) and milk replacer concentrations (100, 125, 150 grams/litre of water) on oesophageal groove closure was investigated. The reticulum and abomasum were examined ultrasonographically using a 5.0-MHz convex transducer before, during and after feeding, and the oesophageal groove reflex was considered to be functional when milk was seen entering the abomasum during feeding. The reflex was consistently induced throughout the study period in all calves at all examinations and under all experimental conditions. However, it should not be assumed that feeding technique can be neglected in unweaned calves because suboptimal feeding management has been linked to various digestive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - C Brammertz
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Braun U, Hässig M, Previtali M, Franchini M, Vögtlin A, Storset AK, Ackermann M. [Interleukin-2 for the treatment of cows with malignant catarrhal fever]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 157:31-8. [PMID: 26753317 DOI: 10.17236/sat00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate whether administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) would improve the outcome of cows with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). The study population consisted of ten healthy control cows and 22 cows with MCF. Nineteen cows with MCF and all of the controls were treated with either 2'500 U IL-2 or 25'000 U IL-2, administered intravenously. Three cows with MCF were not treated with IL-2 (MCF controls). All of the cows with MCF received danofloxacin, flunixin meglumine and intravenous fluid therapy. Blood samples for haematological and biochemical evaluation were collected once daily for six days in all cows. Of the 19 cows treated with IL-2, 13 were eutha nized because of deterioration. All cows with MCF that did not receive IL-2 died. The clinical condition of six cows treated with 2'500 U IL-2 gradually improved. Sur viving cows had significantly higher total leukocyte counts than cows that died or were euthanized. The main reason for leukopenia in non-surviving vs. surviv ing cows was persistent lymphopenia. Use of the lower IL-2 dose was associated with clinical recovery in some cows and this treatment might therefore be considered in valuable cows, provided that the lymphocyte count is within the reference interval.
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Trösch L, Müller K, Brosinski K, Braun U. [Haemoabdomen and haemothorax in a cow with metastatic granulosa cell tumor]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 157:339-43. [PMID: 26753349 DOI: 10.17236/sat00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes the clinical, ultrasonographic, pathological and histological findings in a two-year-old Swiss Braunvieh cow with granulosa cell tumor and metastases in the abdomen and thorax. The cow was ill and had tachycardia, coughing, increased breath sounds, positive reticular foreign body tests and a tense abdominal wall. Ultrasonography revealed a massive accumulation of hypoechoic fluid in the thorax and abdomen, and abdomino- and thoracocentesis yielded red fluid indicative of abdominal and thoracic haemorrhage. Because of a poor prognosis, the cow was euthanized and examined postmortem. Multiple nodular lesions were seen in the omentum, liver, spleen and lungs. The left ovary was grossly enlarged and nodular in appearance. Histological examination of the lesions revealed granulosa cell tumour of the left ovary and metastases in the omentum, liver, spleen and lungs.
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