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Majumder MAA, Bharatha A, Kumar S, Chatterjee M, Gupta S, Harewood H, Singh K, Johnson WMS, Rajasundaram A, Dutta SB, Prasad SV, Rahman S, Kabir R, Parsa AD, Gaur U, Rabbi AMF, Krishnamurthy K, Mohammad S, Chode V, Haque M, Campbell MH. Self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among health professions students in India. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17083. [PMID: 38590705 PMCID: PMC11000642 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies focusing on the safety and common side effects of vaccines play a crucial role in enhancing public acceptance of vaccination. Research is scarce regarding the usage of COVID-19 vaccines and the side effects experienced by health professions students in India and other countries. This study aimed to document self-reported side effects associated with COVID-19 vaccination among medical and dental students of six medical and dental colleges and teaching hospitals in four states (Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and West Bengal) of India. A cross-sectional survey using purposive sampling of medical and dental students was conducted from 26 April to 26 May 2021. Data was collected using a Google Forms questionnaire capturing information regarding receiving COVID-19 vaccines, side effects and symptoms, onset and duration of symptoms, use of treatment to alleviate symptoms, awareness of haematologic risks associated with vaccination, and side effects from previous (non-COVID-19) vaccinations. The majority (94.5%) of participants received both doses of the Covishield/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Among participants (n = 492), 45.3% (n = 223) reported one or more side effects. The most frequently reported side effects were soreness of the injected arm (80.3%), tiredness (78.5%), fever (71.3%), headache (64.1%), and hypersomnia (58.7%). The two most common severe symptoms were fever (14.8%) and headache (13%). Most side effects appeared on the day of vaccination: soreness of the injection site (57%), fever (43.1%), and tiredness (42.6%). Most reported symptoms persisted for one to three days-soreness of the injection site (53%), fever (47.1%), and headache (42.6%). Logistic regression showed that women were almost 85% less likely to report side effects. The study's findings corroborate the safety of the Covishield/AstraZeneca vaccine's first dose, evidenced by the relatively minor and transient nature of the side effects. However, the study underscores the necessity for ongoing research to assess the long-term impacts of COVID-19 vaccines, especially in the context of booster doses, thereby contributing to the global understanding of vaccine safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Public Health Foundation of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Madhuri Chatterjee
- Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Science, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Heather Harewood
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Keerti Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - WMS Johnson
- Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sudeshna Banerjee Dutta
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing (Critical care nursing), Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Sayeeda Rahman
- American University of Integrative Sciences (AUIS), Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Russell Kabir
- Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
| | | | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Kandamaran Krishnamurthy
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Shegufta Mohammad
- Health Education Department, Empower Me First College, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Mainul Haque
- National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael H. Campbell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
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Gaur U, Sealy W, Bharatha A, Sobers NP, Krishnamurthy K, Campbell MH, Cumberbatch C, Drakes M, Gibbs M, Alexander C, Harewood H, Adams OP, Gupta S, Parsa AD, Kabir R, Majumder MAA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hand Hygiene, Mask Use, and Social Distancing among Public Hospital and Polyclinic Nurses in Barbados during the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic. Epidemiologia (Basel) 2024; 5:122-136. [PMID: 38534805 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses are essential members of the healthcare workforce and were among the first-line carers for patients in community and hospital settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, they were at a heightened risk of infection, resulting in several reported deaths among nursing staff. Several preventive measures were adopted to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of nurses regarding hand hygiene, mask wearing, and social distancing measures in healthcare settings in Barbados during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD An online survey of nurses working in public hospitals and polyclinics (public primary care clinics) in Barbados from March 2021 to December 2021 was conducted. A nonsystematic convenience sampling method was employed to recruit nurses who were readily available and willing to participate. A questionnaire captured the sociodemographic information and knowledge and practices related to hand hygiene, the use of face masks, and social distancing. Each correct response received one mark. Overall knowledge scores were categorized as poor (<60%), average (60-80%), or good (>80-100%). RESULTS Of the 192 participants, the majority were female (82.8%) and had >5 years of experience (82%). The findings revealed that 45.8% had poor knowledge of hand hygiene, and that the knowledge of 43.8% of respondents was average. Multivariable logistic regression showed that, after adjustment for age and gender, registered nurses had 2.1 times increased odds (95% confidence interval 1.0, 4.2) of having good knowledge compared to other nursing categories. Regarding mask wearing, 53.6% of nurses had average knowledge, and 27.1% had good knowledge. Multivariable logistic regression showed that, after adjustment for age and gender, registered nurses had 3.3 times increased odds (95% confidence interval 1.5, 7.4) of having good knowledge compared to nursing assistants. A total of 68.6% of respondents followed the correct steps of handwashing every time, and 98.3% wore a mask in public places. More than half of the nurses (51.2%) kept a safe distance from others to avoid spreading SARS-CoV-2; one-third were in a crowded place(s) in the past three months, and 55.8% usually followed guidelines for social isolation as recommended by the WHO. CONCLUSIONS The study identified knowledge deficiencies related to hand hygiene and wearing masks among nurses. It is imperative to provide additional training on infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Wendy Sealy
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Natasha P Sobers
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Kandamaran Krishnamurthy
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Michael H Campbell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Cara Cumberbatch
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Maia Drakes
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Marielle Gibbs
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Charisse Alexander
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Heather Harewood
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - O Peter Adams
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Ali Davod Parsa
- School of Allied Health and Social Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health and Social Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
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Majumder MAA, Singh K, Johnson WMS, Rajasundaram A, Gupta S, Gaur U, Kumar S, Chatterjee M, Fazle Rabbi AM, Sangishetti VP, Rahman S, Campbell MH, Harewood H, Bharatha A, Krishnamurthy K, Kabir R, Parsa AD, Mohammmad S, Haque M, Razzaque MS. Evaluation of Short-Term Side Effects Following the First Dose of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Physicians and Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study from India. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:161-174. [PMID: 36700174 PMCID: PMC9869700 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s390364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Efficacy and safety are fundamental for the development of successful COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine-associated side effects influence vaccine hesitancy. This study investigated the prevalence, severity, and onset of side effects following the first dose of COVID-19 vaccines among physicians and dentists working in various healthcare settings across India. Methods A cross-sectional survey collected self-report data from April to June 2021 on side effects following the first dose of the vaccine. An online validated questionnaire using the Google Docs® platform was circulated via email and social media platforms. Results More than 40% of participants experienced at least one side effect after the first dose of vaccination; the most common were mild and resolved within three days after vaccination. More than 91% of respondents received the Covishield (AstraZeneca) vaccine; the most prevalent adverse effects were soreness of the injected arm (78.9%), tiredness (71.1%), and fever (54.9%). Logistic regression showed that women were almost 60% less likely to report side effects. Conclusion Findings supported the safety of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine based on relatively few self-limiting side effects, mainly soreness of the injected arm and tiredness. Further research is needed to determine the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines, especially after booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Public Health Foundation of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Keerti Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - W M S Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Correspondence: WMS Johnson, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Email ;
| | - Archana Rajasundaram
- Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Science, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Sayeeda Rahman
- School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences (AUIS), Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Michael H Campbell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Heather Harewood
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Russell Kabir
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Ali Davod Parsa
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | | | - Mainul Haque
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia,Mainul Haque, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Email ;
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Jiang Y, Gaur U, Cao Z, Hou ST, Zheng W. Dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors oppositely regulate lifespan via a dietary restriction mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Biol 2022; 20:71. [PMID: 35317792 PMCID: PMC8941781 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating aging and lifespan, and the pathways involved being conserved in different species, a full understanding of the aging process has not been reached. In particular, increasing evidence suggests an active role for the nervous system in lifespan regulation, with sensory neurons, as well as serotonin and GABA signaling, having been shown to regulate lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). However, the contribution of additional neural factors, and a broad understanding of the role of the nervous system in regulating aging remains to be established. Here, we examine the impact of the dopamine system in regulating aging in C. elegans. RESULTS We report that mutations of DOP-4, a dopamine D1-like receptor (D1R), and DOP-2, a dopamine D2-like receptor (D2R) oppositely affected lifespan, fast body movement span, reproductive lifespan, and developmental rate in C. elegans. Activation of D2R using aripiprazole, an antipsychotic drug, robustly extended both lifespan and healthspan. Conversely, inhibition of D2R using quetiapine shortened worm lifespan, further supporting the role of dopamine receptors in lifespan regulation. Mechanistically, D2R signaling regulates lifespan through a dietary restriction mechanism mediated by the AAK-2-DAF-16 pathway. The DAG-PKC/PKD pathway links signaling between dopamine receptors and the downstream AAK-2-DAF-16 pathway to transmit longevity signals. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated a novel role of dopamine receptors in lifespan and dietary restriction regulation. The clinically approved antipsychotic aripiprazole holds potential as a novel anti-aging drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Jiang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.,Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Centre of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhibai Cao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
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Cheng X, Xie M, Luo L, Tian Y, Yu G, Wu Q, Fan X, Yang D, Mao X, Gaur U, Yang M. Inhibitor GSK690693 extends Drosophila lifespan via reduce AKT signaling pathway. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 202:111633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Majumder MAA, Gaur U, Singh K, Kandamaran L, Gupta S, Haque M, Rahman S, Sa B, Rahman M, Rampersad F. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on radiology education, training, and practice: A narrative review. World J Radiol 2021; 13:354-370. [PMID: 34904050 PMCID: PMC8637607 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v13.i11.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiology education and training is of paramount clinical importance given the prominence of medical imaging utilization in effective clinical practice. The incorporation of basic radiology in the medical curriculum has continued to evolve, focusing on teaching image interpretation skills, the appropriate ordering of radiological investigations, judicious use of ionizing radiation, and providing exposure to interventional radiology. Advancements in radiology have been driven by the digital revolution, which has, in turn, had a positive impact on radiology education and training. Upon the advent of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many training institutions and hospitals adhered to directives which advised rescheduling of non-urgent outpatient appointments. This inevitably impacted the workflow of the radiology department, which resulted in the reduction of clinical in-person case reviews and consultations, as well as in-person teaching sessions. Several medical schools and research centers completely suspended face-to-face academic activity. This led to challenges for medical teachers to complete the radiology syllabus while ensuring that teaching activities continued safely and effectively. As a result, online teaching platforms have virtually replaced didactic face-to-face lectures. Radiology educators also sought other strategies to incorporate interactive teaching sessions while adopting the e-learning approach, as they were cognizant of the limitations that this may have on students’ clinical expertise. Migration to online methods to review live cases, journal clubs, simulation-based training, clinical interaction, and radiology examination protocolling are a few examples of successfully addressing the limitations in reduced clinical exposure. In this review paper, we discuss (1) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology education, training, and practice; (2) Challenges and strategies involved in delivering online radiology education for undergraduates and postgraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (3) Difference between the implementation of radiology education during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill BB23034, Barbados
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill BB23034, Barbados
| | - Keerti Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill BB23034, Barbados
| | - Latha Kandamaran
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill BB23034, Barbados
| | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill BB23034, Barbados
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sugai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Sayeeda Rahman
- School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences (AUIS), Bridgetown BB11318, Barbados
| | - Bidyadhar Sa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, St Augustine 33178, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Principal's Office, International Medical College, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fidel Rampersad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, St Augustine 33178, Trinidad and Tobago
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Sa B, Sarkar S, Singh K, Gaur U, Bharatha A, Victor V, Rahman S, Azim Majumder M. Psychophysiological effects of yoga on stress management among medical and allied health professional students during COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review. Adv Hum Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_28_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Singh K, Majumder MAA, Gupta S, Gaur U, Sa B, Adams OP. Disparity in biomedical publication trends in the CARICOM countries: Is there a need for a more vibrant research culture in the region? SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120953285. [PMID: 33354331 PMCID: PMC7734564 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120953285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedical research and publications provide evidence-based information about the extent and burden of health-related problems of a country and help to formulate strategic and operational plans to tackle the problems. PURPOSE To determine the biomedical publication rates of CARICOM full member countries. METHODS Biomedical publications of full member CARICOM countries were retrieved using PubMed (1990-2015) and SCImago Journal & Country Rank (1996-2015) databases. CARICOM countries having >50 publications in the PubMed (1990-2015) database were subject to further analysis, whereby publications of each country were adjusted by total population (million population), gross domestic product (billion-dollar), and Internet usage rate (hundred thousand population). RESULTS Total publications by all countries were 7281 and 8378 in PubMed and SCImago Journal & Country Rank, respectively. Jamaica produced highest number of publications (PubMed: 3928 (53.9%); SCImago Journal & Country Rank: 2850 (34.0%)). In both databases, Grenada had the highest research publications when adjusted with per million population (4721 and 10,633), per billion gross domestic product (803 and 1651), and per hundred thousand Internet users (1487 and 3387). Trend analysis revealed Jamaica produced the highest number of additional PubMed listed publications each year, averaging 4.8/year, followed by Trinidad and Tobago (4.4). According to SCImago Journal & Country Rank, Jamaica also had the highest number of citations (42,311) and h-index (76), followed by Trinidad and Tobago (29,152 and 71). Barbados had the highest number of citations per document (24.9), followed by Haiti (18.4). The publication rates determined by PubMed and SCImago Journal & Country Rank databases were significantly correlated (p < 0.001). Most publications (68% SCImago Journal & Country Rank and 85% PubMed) can be attributed to authors affiliated with Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad. CONCLUSION Publication and citation rates varied markedly between CARICOM countries and were in general low. Most publications could be attributed to researchers affiliated with The University of the West Indies. More universities valuing biomedical research are needed in the region, and more resources needed to improve publication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados
| | | | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados
| | - Bidyadhar Sa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Oswald P Adams
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados
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Gao Y, Zhu C, Li K, Cheng X, Du Y, Yang D, Fan X, Gaur U, Yang M. Comparative proteomics analysis of dietary restriction in Drosophila. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240596. [PMID: 33064752 PMCID: PMC7567386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the underlying mechanism of dietary restriction (DR) induced lifespan extension in fruit flies at protein level, we performed proteome sequencing in Drosophila at day 7 (young) and day 42 (old) under DR and ad libitum (AL) conditions. A total of 18629 unique peptides were identified in Uniprot, corresponding to 3,662 proteins. Among them, 383 and 409 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified from comparison between DR vs AL at day 7 and 42, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that membrane-related processes, post-transcriptional processes, spliceosome and reproduction related processes, were highlighted significantly. In addition, expression of proteins involved in pathways such as spliceosomes, oxidative phosphorylation, lysosomes, ubiquitination, and riboflavin metabolism was relatively higher during DR. A relatively large number of DEPs were found to participate in longevity and age-related disease pathways. We identified 20 proteins that were consistently regulated during DR and some of which are known to be involved in ageing, such as mTORC1, antioxidant, DNA damage repair and autophagy. In the integration analysis, we found 15 genes that were stably regulated by DR at both transcriptional as well as translational levels. Our results provided a useful dataset for further investigations on the mechanism of DR and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenxing Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keqin Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyi Cheng
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjiao Du
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deying Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Gaur U, Majumder MAA, Sa B, Sarkar S, Williams A, Singh K. Challenges and Opportunities of Preclinical Medical Education: COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond. SN Compr Clin Med 2020; 2:1992-1997. [PMID: 32984766 PMCID: PMC7508422 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted face-to-face teaching in medical schools globally. The use of remote learning as an emergency measure has affected students, faculty, support staff, and administrators. The aim of this narrative review paper is to examine the challenges and opportunities faced by medical schools in implementing remote learning for basic science teaching in response to the COVID-19 crisis. We searched relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords, e.g., "COVID-19 pandemic," "preclinical medical education," "online learning," "remote learning," "challenges," and "opportunities." The pandemic has posed several challenges to premedical education (e.g., suspension of face-to-face teaching, lack of cadaveric dissections, and practical/laboratory sessions) but has provided many opportunities as well, such as the incorporation of online learning in the curriculum and upskilling and reskilling in new technologies. To date, many medical schools have successfully transitioned their educational environment to emergency remote teaching and assessments. During COVID-19 crisis, the preclinical phase of medical curricula has successfully introduced the novel culture of "online home learning" using technology-oriented innovations, which may extend to post-COVID era to maintain teaching and learning in medical education. However, the lack of hands-on training in the preclinical years may have serious implications on the training of the current cohort of students, and they may struggle later in the clinical years. The use of emergent technology (e.g., artificial intelligence for adaptive learning, virtual simulation, and telehealth) for education is most likely to be indispensable components of the transformative change and post-COVID medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Bidyadhar Sa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sankalan Sarkar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Arlene Williams
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Keerti Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
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11
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Zhao X, Li S, Gaur U, Zheng W. Artemisinin Improved Neuronal Functions in Alzheimer's Disease Animal Model 3xtg Mice and Neuronal Cells via Stimulating the ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway. Aging Dis 2020; 11:801-819. [PMID: 32765947 PMCID: PMC7390534 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease which is characterized by memory loss and cognitive disorders. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is not known at present but toxicity of amyloid-beta is one of the central hypotheses. Amyloid-beta can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause oxidative stress, damage mitochondrial, cause inflammatory reactions and activate apoptosis related factors which lead to the neuronal death. In this study, we found that artemisinin, a first line antimalarial drug used in clinic for decades, improved the cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease animal model 3xTg mice. Further study showed that artemisinin reduced the deposition of amyloid-beta and tau protein, reduced the release of inflammation factors and apoptosis factors, and thereby reduced the neuronal cell death. Western blot assay showed that artemisinin stimulated the activation of ERK/CREB signaling pathway. Consistent with these results, artemisinin concentration-dependently promoted the survival of SH-SY5Y cell against toxicity of amyloid-beta protein 1-42 induced ROS accumulation, caspase activation and apoptosis. Artemisinin also stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB in SH-SY5Y cells in time and concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of ERK/CREB pathway attenuated the protective effect of artemisinin. These data put together suggested that artemisinin has the potential to protect neuronal cells in vitro as well as in vivo animal model 3xTg mice via, at least in part, the activation of the ERK/CREB pathway. Our findings also strongly support the potential of artemisinin as a new multi-target drug that can be used for preventing and treating the Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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12
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Gaur U, Majumder MAA, Sa B, Sarkar S, Williams A, Singh K. Challenges and Opportunities of Preclinical Medical Education: COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond. SN Compr Clin Med 2020; 2:1992-1997. [PMID: 32984766 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted face-to-face teaching in medical schools globally. The use of remote learning as an emergency measure has affected students, faculty, support staff, and administrators. The aim of this narrative review paper is to examine the challenges and opportunities faced by medical schools in implementing remote learning for basic science teaching in response to the COVID-19 crisis. We searched relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords, e.g., "COVID-19 pandemic," "preclinical medical education," "online learning," "remote learning," "challenges," and "opportunities." The pandemic has posed several challenges to premedical education (e.g., suspension of face-to-face teaching, lack of cadaveric dissections, and practical/laboratory sessions) but has provided many opportunities as well, such as the incorporation of online learning in the curriculum and upskilling and reskilling in new technologies. To date, many medical schools have successfully transitioned their educational environment to emergency remote teaching and assessments. During COVID-19 crisis, the preclinical phase of medical curricula has successfully introduced the novel culture of "online home learning" using technology-oriented innovations, which may extend to post-COVID era to maintain teaching and learning in medical education. However, the lack of hands-on training in the preclinical years may have serious implications on the training of the current cohort of students, and they may struggle later in the clinical years. The use of emergent technology (e.g., artificial intelligence for adaptive learning, virtual simulation, and telehealth) for education is most likely to be indispensable components of the transformative change and post-COVID medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Bidyadhar Sa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sankalan Sarkar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Arlene Williams
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Keerti Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
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13
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Azim Majumder M, Singh K, Gaur U, Hall K, Mascoll K, Cohall D. Teaching anatomy and dissection in an era of social distancing and remote learning. Adv Hum Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_87_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Keloids are pathological scars that grow over time and extend beyond the initial site of injury after impaired wound healing. These scars frequently recur and rarely regress. They are aesthetically disfiguring, can cause pain, itching, discomfort as well as psychological stress, often affecting quality of life. Many treatment modalities, including surgical and non-surgical, have been explored and have been reported to be beneficial; however, none have been absolutely satisfactory or optimal for the treatment of all keloid subtypes to date. This poses a major challenge to clinicians. Often, a combinational therapeutic approach appears to offer the best results with higher patient satisfaction compared to monotherapy. The aetiopathogenesis of keloids is not fully elucidated; however, with recent advances in molecular biology and genetics, insight is being gained on the complex process of scar formation and hence new therapeutic and management options for keloids. In this paper, we explore the literature and summarise the general concepts surrounding keloid development and review both current (corticosteroids, surgical excision, silicone-based products, pressure therapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy, imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil) and emerging (stem cell therapy, mitomycin C, verapamil, interferons, bleomycin, botulinum toxin type A and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) treatments. Increased knowledge and understanding in this area may potentially lead to the discovery and development of novel therapeutic options that are more efficacious for all keloid types. LAY SUMMARY Keloids are problematic scars that are difficult to treat and manage. The aetiopathogenesis of keloids is not clear; however, recent advances in molecular biology and genetics are beginning to shed light on the underlying mechanisms implicated in keloid scar formation which will hopefully lead to the development of treatment options for all keloid types. This review summarises current and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkemcho Ojeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Andrew LeRoy Forde
- Pine Medical Centre, 3rd Avenue Belleville, St. Michael, Barbados, West Indies
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15
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Zhao X, Zeng Z, Gaur U, Fang J, Peng T, Li S, Zheng W. Metformin protects PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons from H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage through activation of AMPK pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16619-16629. [PMID: 30784077 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a first line anti type 2 diabetes drug, has recently been shown to extend lifespan in various species, and therefore, became the first antiaging drug in clinical trial. Oxidative stress due to excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered to be an important factor in aging and related disease, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the antioxidative effects of metformin and its underlying mechanisms in neuronal cells is not known. In the present study, we showed that metformin, in clinically relevant concentrations, protected neuronal PC12 cells from H2 O2 -induced cell death. Metformin significantly ameliorated cell death due to H2 O2 insult by restoring abnormal changes in nuclear morphology, intracellular ROS, lactate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H2 O2 . Hoechst staining assay and flow cytometry analysis revealed that metformin significantly reduced the apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to H2 O2 . Western blot analysis further demonstrated that metformin stimulated the phosphorylation and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in PC12 cells, while application of AMPK inhibitor compound C, or knockdown of the expression of AMPK by specific small interfering RNA or short hairpin RNA blocked the protective effect of metformin. Similar results were obtained in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Taken together, these results indicated that metformin is able to protect neuronal cells from oxidative injury, at least in part, via the activation of AMPK. As metformin is comparatively cheaper with much less side effects in clinic, our findings support its potential to be a drug for prevention and treatment of aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhiwen Zeng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Tangming Peng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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16
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Li S, Chaudhary SC, Zhao X, Gaur U, Fang J, Yan F, Zheng W. Artemisinin Protects Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells Against Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Oxidative Damage by Enhancing the Activation of AMP-active Protein Kinase. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2016-2028. [PMID: 31523201 PMCID: PMC6743300 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in aged population, is directly associated with oxidative stress induced damage of the retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. In the current study, we investigated the role of AMPK in the protective effect of artemisinin, an FDA approved anti-malarial Chinese herbal drug, on RPE cell line D407, against H2O2 induced oxidative stress. Our results showed that artemisinin promoted the survival of D407 cells from H2O2. Artemisinin reduced intracellular ROS generation and oxidative stress, decreased LDH release and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in D407 cells treated with H2O2. Western blotting showed that artemisinin concentration- and time-dependently stimulated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in D407 cells while AMPK inhibitor Compound C or knock-down of AMPK by si-RNA, inhibited the survival protective effect of artemisinin. More importantly, artemisinin produced a similar protective effect in primary cultured retinal pigment cells which was also blocked by inhibitors of AMPK. Taken together, these results suggested that artemisinin promotes survival of human retinal pigment cells against H2O2-induced cell death at least in part through enhancing the activation of AMPK. Therefore, artemisinin may be a beneficial therapeutic candidate for the treatment of age-related diseases, including retinal disorders like AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shubhash Chandra Chaudhary
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Fengxia Yan
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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17
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Fan X, Cui L, Zeng Y, Song W, Gaur U, Yang M. 14-3-3 Proteins Are on the Crossroads of Cancer, Aging, and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143518. [PMID: 31323761 PMCID: PMC6678932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory adaptor molecules which are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. These proteins participate in a variety of intracellular processes by recognizing specific phosphorylation motifs and interacting with hundreds of target proteins. Also, 14-3-3 proteins act as molecular chaperones, preventing the aggregation of unfolded proteins under conditions of cellular stress. Furthermore, 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to have similar expression patterns in tumors, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we put forward the idea that the adaptor activity and chaperone-like activity of 14-3-3 proteins might play a substantial role in the above-mentioned conditions. Interestingly, 14-3-3 proteins are considered to be standing at the crossroads of cancer, aging, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. There are great possibilities to improve the above-mentioned diseases and conditions through intervention in the activity of the 14-3-3 protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lang Cui
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zeng
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhao Song
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Jiang Y, Peng T, Gaur U, Silva M, Little P, Chen Z, Qiu W, Zhang Y, Zheng W. Role of Corticotropin Releasing Factor in the Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Depression: Examination of Current Pharmaceutical and Herbal Therapies. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:290. [PMID: 31312123 PMCID: PMC6614517 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 3% of the world population suffers from depression, which is one of the most common form of mental disorder. Recent findings suggest that an interaction between the nervous system and immune system might be behind the pathophysiology of various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including depression. Neuropeptides have been shown to play a major role in mediating response to stress and inducing immune activation or suppression. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is a major regulator of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis response. CRF is a stress-related neuropeptide whose dysregulation has been associated with depression. In this review, we summarized the role of CRF in the neuroimmune mechanisms of depression, and the potential therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) as well as other agents. Studying the network of CRF and immune responses will help to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of depression. Additionally, targeting this important network may aid in developing novel treatments for this debilitating psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Jiang
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tangming Peng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Marta Silva
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Peter Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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19
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Li D, Li Y, Li M, Che T, Tian S, Chen B, Zhou X, Zhang G, Gaur U, Luo M, Tian K, He M, He S, Xu Z, Jin L, Tang Q, Dai Y, Xu H, Hu Y, Zhao X, Yin H, Wang Y, Zhou R, Yang C, Du H, Jiang X, Zhu Q, Li M. Population genomics identifies patterns of genetic diversity and selection in chicken. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:263. [PMID: 30940068 PMCID: PMC6446315 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are hundreds of phenotypically distinguishable domestic chicken breeds or lines with highly specialized traits worldwide, which provide a unique opportunity to illustrate how selection shapes patterns of genetic variation. There are many local chicken breeds in China. RESULTS Here, we provide a population genome landscape of genetic variations in 86 domestic chickens representing 10 phenotypically diverse breeds. Genome-wide analysis indicated that sex chromosomes have less genetic diversity and are under stronger selection than autosomes during domestication and local adaptation. We found an evidence of admixture between Tibetan chickens and other domestic population. We further identified strong signatures of selection affecting genomic regions that harbor genes underlying economic traits (typically related to feathers, skin color, growth, reproduction and aggressiveness) and local adaptation (to high altitude). By comparing the genomes of the Tibetan and lowland fowls, we identified genes associated with high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan chickens were mainly involved in energy metabolism, body size maintenance and available food sources. CONCLUSIONS The work provides crucial insights into the distinct evolutionary scenarios occurring under artificial selection for agricultural production and under natural selection for success at high altitudes in chicken. Several genes were identified as candidates for chicken economic traits and other phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiandong Che
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Binlong Chen
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Majing Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Tian
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengnan He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shen He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongxian Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Dai
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaodong Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huarui Du
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Liang Q, Peng T, Sun B, Tu J, Cheng X, Tian Y, Fan X, Yang D, Gaur U, Yang M. Gene expression patterns determine the differential numbers of dorsocentral macrochaetes between Musca domestica
and Drosophila melanogaster. Genesis 2018; 56:e23258. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liang
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Tingting Peng
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Boyuan Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Jianbo Tu
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Xingyi Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Yuanliangzi Tian
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Deying Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
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Rajendran BK, Xavier Suresh M, Bhaskaran SP, Harshitha Y, Gaur U, Kwok HF. Pharmacoinformatic Approach to Explore the Antidote Potential of Phytochemicals on Bungarotoxin from Indian Krait, Bungarus caeruleus. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:450-461. [PMID: 30455855 PMCID: PMC6231056 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Venomous reptiles especially serpents are well known for their adverse effects after accidental conflicts with humans. Upon biting humans these serpents transmit arrays of detrimental toxins with diverse physiological activities that may either lead to minor symptoms such as dermatitis and allergic response or highly severe symptoms such as blood coagulation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, tissue injury, and hemorrhage. Other complications like respiratory arrest and necrosis may also occur. Bungarotoxins are a group of closely related neurotoxic proteins derived from the venom of kraits (Bungarus caeruleus) one of the six most poisonous snakes in India whose bite causes respiratory paralysis and mortality without showing any local symptoms. In the current study, by employing various pharmacoinformatic approaches, we have explored the antidote properties of 849 bioactive phytochemicals from 82 medicinal plants which have already shown antidote properties against various venomous toxins. These herbal compounds were taken and pharmacoinformatic approaches such as ADMET, docking and molecular dynamics were employed. The three-dimensional modelling approach provides structural insights on the interaction between bungarotoxin and phytochemicals. In silico simulations proved to be an effective analytical tools to investigate the toxin-ligand interaction, correlating with the affinity of binding. By analyzing the results from the present study, we proposed nine bioactive phytochemical compounds which are, 2-dodecanol, 7-hydroxycadalene, indole-3-(4'-oxo)butyric acid, nerolidol-2, trans-nerolidol, eugenol, benzene propanoic acid, 2-methyl-1-undecanol, germacren-4-ol can be used as antidotes for bungarotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barani Kumar Rajendran
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - M. Xavier Suresh
- Department of Physics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Shanmuga Priya Bhaskaran
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yarradoddi Harshitha
- Department of Physics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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22
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Wang H, Gaur U, Xiao J, Xu B, Xu J, Zheng W. Targeting phosphodiesterase 4 as a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing neuroplasticity following ischemic stroke. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1745-1754. [PMID: 30416389 PMCID: PMC6216030 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor recovery following ischemic stroke is highly related with structural modification and functional reorganization of residual brain tissues. Manipulations, such as treatment with small molecules, have been shown to enhance the synaptic plasticity and contribute to the recovery. Activation of the cAMP/CREB pathway is one of the pivotal approaches stimulating neuroplasticity. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a major enzyme controlling the hydrolysis of cAMP in the brain. Accumulating evidences have shown that inhibition of PDE4 is beneficial for the functional recovery after cerebral ischemia; i. subtype D of PDE4 (PDE4D) is viewed as a risk factor for ischemic stroke; ii. inhibition of PDE4 enhances neurological behaviors, such as learning and memory, after stroke in rodents; iii.PDE4 inhibition increases dendritic density, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis; iv. activation of cAMP/CREB signaling by PDE4 inhibition causes an endogenous increase of BDNF, which is a potent modulator of neuroplasticity; v. PDE4 inhibition is believed to restrict neuroinflammation during ischemic stroke. Cumulatively, these findings provide a link between PDE4 inhibition and neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia. Here, we summarized the possible roles of PDE4 inhibition in the recovery of cerebral stroke with an emphasis on neuroplasticity. We also made some recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingtian Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Vijh RK, Sharma U, Banerjee P, Joshi J, Settypalli TBK, Gokhale S, Gaur U, Yadav DK, Ahlawat S, Arora R. New insights into the spatial genetic structure of the Indian riverine buffalo populations. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Wang H, Su X, Fang J, Xin X, Zhao X, Gaur U, Wen Q, Xu J, Little PJ, Zheng W. Tanshinone IIA Attenuates Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 -Induced Cell Proliferation in PC12 Cells through the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092719. [PMID: 30213025 PMCID: PMC6165471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R) facilitate tumor proliferation and progression. Tanshinone IIA (TSN) is an active diterpene quinone isolated from the roots of the herbal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. TSN inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells but its role in the IGF-1R-induced proliferation of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and the potential mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of TSN in PC12 cells and its role on IGF-1R signaling transduction. PC12 cells were treated with IGF-1 with or without TSN, methyl thiazolytetrazolium (MTT) assay, and cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the proliferation of PC12 cells. The role of TSN on the apoptosis of PC12 cells were detected by flow cytometry as well. The effects of TSN and IGF-1 on the phosphorylation of IGF-1R, protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular-signal related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and other downstream targets were analyzed by Western blotting analysis. Our results showed that IGF-1 promoted the growth of PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the phosphorylation of IGF-1R, whereas TSN attenuated the effect of IGF-1. Interestingly, TSN did not induce cell apoptosis in PC12 cells. Moreover, TSN attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 induced by IGF-1, and the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) and c-Raf were also inhibited by TSN. Furthermore, TSN inhibited cell growth induced by IGF-1 and blocked the activation of IGF-1R in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, TSN has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of PC12 cells via down-regulation of the phosphorylated IGF-1R and its downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sothern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xiaoying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.).
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Xingan Xin
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Qiang Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.).
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sothern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
The association between intestinal homeostasis and life span has caught the attention of the research community worldwide. There have been multiple evidences which support the role of gut homeostasis in aging. The Drosophila gastrointestinal tract is very similar to the mammalian gut, and therefore it can directly be used as a model to understand the association between gut microbiota, immune system, and aging in humans. In current review we have discussed the importance of gut microbiota in aging. Also we have highlighted the importance of host immune system and gut aging. Since the increased microbial load in the gut activates the host immune system, the dysregulated microbiota can have direct implications in gut aging. The proliferation and renewal of intestinal stem cells can also affect gut aging. Another important aspect that we have discussed is the communication between the gut and the other organ systems which affect the overall aging process. Altogether we propose that the Drosophila gut can be a good model to improve our understanding of human gut aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Xu Z, Jie H, Chen B, Gaur U, Wu N, Gao J, Li P, Zhao G, Zeng D, Yang M, Li D. Illumina-based de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of Chinese forest musk deer. J Genet 2017; 96:1033-1040. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Lian T, Li D, Tan X, Che T, Xu Z, Fan X, Wu N, Zhang L, Gaur U, Sun B, Yang M. Genetic diversity and natural selection in wild fruit flies revealed by whole-genome resequencing. Genomics 2017; 110:304-309. [PMID: 29247769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We characterized 26 wild fruit flies comparative population genomics from six different altitude and latitude locations by whole genome resequencing. Genetic diversity was relatively higher in Ganzi and Chongqing populations. We also found 13 genes showing selection signature between different altitude flies and variants related to hypoxia and temperature stimulus, were preferentially selected during the flies evolution. One of the most striking selective sweeps found in all high altitude flies occurred in the region harboring Hsp70Aa and Hsp70Ab on chromosome 3R. Interestingly, these two genes are involved in GO terms including response to hypoxia, unfolded protein, temperature stimulus, heat, oxygen levels. Mutation in HPH gene, a candidate gene in the hypoxia inducible factor pathway, might contributes to hypoxic high-altitude adaptation. Intriguingly, some of the selected genes, primarily utilized in humans, were involved in the response to hypoxia, which could imply a conserved molecular mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation between insects and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lian
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xinxin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tiandong Che
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongxian Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Boyuan Sun
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Yang D, Lian T, Tu J, Gaur U, Mao X, Fan X, Li D, Li Y, Yang M. LncRNA mediated regulation of aging pathways in Drosophila melanogaster during dietary restriction. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2182-2203. [PMID: 27687893 PMCID: PMC5076457 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in many species which is a well-known phenomenon. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in regulation of cell senescence and important age-related signaling pathways. Here, we profiled the lncRNA and mRNA transcriptome of fruit flies at 7 day and 42 day during DR and fully-fed conditions, respectively. In general, 102 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 1406 differentially expressed coding genes were identified. Most informatively we found a large number of differentially expressed lncRNAs and their targets enriched in GO and KEGG analysis. We discovered some new aging related signaling pathways during DR, such as hippo signaling pathway-fly, phototransduction-fly and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum etc. Novel lncRNAs XLOC_092363 and XLOC_166557 are found to be located in 10 kb upstream sequences of hairy and ems promoters, respectively. Furthermore, tissue specificity of some novel lncRNAs had been analyzed at 7 day of DR in fly head, gut and fat body. Also the silencing of lncRNA XLOC_076307 resulted in altered expression level of its targets including Gadd45 (involved in FoxO signaling pathway). Together, the results implicated many lncRNAs closely associated with dietary restriction, which could provide a resource for lncRNA in aging and age-related disease field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
| | - Ting Lian
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
| | - Jianbo Tu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
| | - Xueping Mao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
| | - Diyan Li
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
| | - Ying Li
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
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Wu Q, Lian T, Fan X, Song C, Gaur U, Mao X, Yang D, Piper MDW, Yang M. 2,5-Dimethyl-Celecoxib Extends Drosophila Life Span via a Mechanism That Requires Insulin and Target of Rapamycin Signaling. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1334-1341. [PMID: 28025308 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for antiaging drugs is a key component of gerontology research. A few drugs with positive effects on life span in model organisms have been found. Here, we report that 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib, a derivative of the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib, can extend Drosophila life span and delay aging by a mechanism involving insulin signaling and target of rapamycin signaling. Importantly, its positive effects were apparent when the treatment window was restricted to the beginning of life or the later half. 2,5-Dimethyl-celecoxib-induced longevity was also associated with improvements in physical activity, intestinal integrity, and increased autophagy. In addition, 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib exhibited protective effects against several kinds of stress such as starvation and heat. The generally positive effects of 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib on both health and life span, combined with its mode of action via evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, indicate that it has the potential to become an effective antiaging drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lian
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chaochun Song
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Mao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Deying Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Matthew D W Piper
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Ojeh N, Sobers-Grannum N, Gaur U, Udupa A, Majumder MAA. Learning style preferences: A study of pre-clinical medical students in Barbados. J Adv Med Educ Prof 2017; 5:185-194. [PMID: 28979913 PMCID: PMC5611428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Educators need to be aware of different learning styles to effectively tailor instructional strategies and methods to cater to the students' learning needs and support a conductive learning environment. The VARK [an acronym for visual (V), aural (A), read/write (R) and kinesthetic (K)] instrument is a useful model to assess learning styles. The aim of this study was to use the VARK questionnaire to determine the learning styles of pre-clinical medical students in order to compare the perceived and assessed learning style preferences, assess gender differences in learning style preferences, and determine whether any relationships exists between awareness of learning styles and academic grades, age, gender and learning modality. METHODS The VARK questionnaire was administered to pre-clinical students taking a variety of courses in the first three years of the undergraduate MB BS degree programme at the Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados in 2014. RESULTS The majority of the students were multimodal learners with no differences observed between males (59.5%) and females (60.0%), with tetramodal being the most common. Read/write (33.8%) followed by kinesthetic (32.5%) were the most common learning style preferences. The sensory modality preference for females was read/write (34.2%) and for males it was kinesthetic (40.5%). Significant differences were observed between the perceived and assessed learning style preferences with a majority of visual and read/write learners correctly matching their perceived to their actual learning styles. Awareness of learning styles was associated with learning modality but not with academic performance, age or gender. Overall, 60.7% of high achievers used multimodal learning compared to 56.9% low achievers. CONCLUSION The findings from this study indicated that the VARK tool was useful in gathering information about different learning styles, and might assist educators in designing blended teaching strategies to cater to the students' needs as well as help the students in becoming aware of their learning style preferences to enhance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkemcho Ojeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Natasha Sobers-Grannum
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Alaya Udupa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
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Song C, Zhu C, Wu Q, Qi J, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Gaur U, Yang D, Fan X, Yang M. Metabolome analysis of effect of aspirin on Drosophila lifespan extension. Exp Gerontol 2017; 95:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gaur U, Tu J, Li D, Gao Y, Lian T, Sun B, Yang D, Fan X, Yang M. Molecular evolutionary patterns of NAD+/Sirtuin aging signaling pathway across taxa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182306. [PMID: 28767699 PMCID: PMC5540417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the conserved molecular mechanisms in different taxa have been made possible only because of the evolutionary conservation of crucial signaling pathways. In the present study, we explored the molecular evolutionary pattern of selection signatures in 51 species for 10 genes which are important components of NAD+/Sirtuin pathway and have already been directly linked to lifespan extension in worms and mice. Selection pressure analysis using PAML program revealed that MRPS5 and PPARGC1A were under significant constraints because of their functional significance. FOXO3a also displayed strong purifying selection. All three sirtuins, which were SIRT1, SIRT2 and SIRT6, displayed a great degree of conservation between taxa, which is consistent with the previous report. A significant evolutionary constraint is seen on the anti-oxidant gene, SOD3. As expected, TP53 gene was under significant selection pressure in mammals, owing to its major role in tumor progression. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) genes displayed the most sites under positive selection. Further 3D structural analysis of PARP1 and PARP2 protein revealed that some of these positively selected sites caused a change in the electrostatic potential of the protein structure, which may allow a change in its interaction with other proteins and molecules ultimately leading to difference in the function. Although the functional significance of the positively selected sites could not be established in the variants databases, yet it will be interesting to see if these sites actually affect the function of PARP1 and PARP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Tu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Diyan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ting Lian
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Boyuan Sun
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Deying Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Su Y, Li D, Gaur U, Chen B, Zhao X, Wang Y, Yin H, Zhu Q. The comparison of blood characteristics in low- and high-altitude chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1355272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Binlong Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Farhan M, Wang H, Gaur U, Little PJ, Xu J, Zheng W. FOXO Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:815-827. [PMID: 28808415 PMCID: PMC5555100 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.20052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many transcription factors play a key role in cellular differentiation and the delineation of cell phenotype. Transcription factors are regulated by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation/deacetylation and interactions between two or more proteins controlling multiple signaling pathways. These pathways regulate different physiological processes and pathological events, such as cancer and other diseases. The Forkhead box O (FOXO) is one subfamily of the fork head transcription factor family with important roles in cell fate decisions and this subfamily is also suggested to play a pivotal functional role as a tumor suppressor in a wide range of cancers. During apoptosis, FOXOs are involved in mitochondria-dependent and -independent processes triggering the expression of death receptor ligands like Fas ligand, TNF apoptosis ligand and Bcl‑XL, bNIP3, Bim from Bcl-2 family members. Different types of growth factors like insulin play a vital role in the regulation of FOXOs. The most important pathway interacting with FOXO in different types of cancers is the PI3K/AKT pathway. Some other important pathways such as the Ras-MEK-ERK, IKK and AMPK pathways are also associated with FOXOs in tumorigenesis. Therapeutically targeting the FOXO signaling pathway(s) could lead to the discovery and development of efficacious agents against some cancers, but this requires an enhanced understanding and knowledge of FOXO transcription factors and their regulation and functioning. This review focused on the current understanding of cell biology of FOXO transcription factors which relates to their potential role as targets for the treatment and prevention of human cancers. We also discuss drugs which are currently being used for cancer treatment along with their target pathways and also point out some potential drawbacks of those drugs, which further signifies the need for development of new drug strategies in the field of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102 Australia and Xin Hua College, Sun Yat- Sen University, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Li D, Che T, Chen B, Tian S, Zhou X, Zhang G, Li M, Gaur U, Li Y, Luo M, Zhang L, Xu Z, Zhao X, Yin H, Wang Y, Jin L, Tang Q, Xu H, Yang M, Zhou R, Li R, Zhu Q, Li M. Genomic data for 78 chickens from 14 populations. Gigascience 2017; 6:1-5. [PMID: 28431039 PMCID: PMC5449643 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the domestication of the red jungle fowls ( Gallus gallus ; dating back to ∼10 000 B.P.) in Asia, domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) have been subjected to the combined effects of natural selection and human-driven artificial selection; this has resulted in marked phenotypic diversity in a number of traits, including behavior, body composition, egg production, and skin color. Population genomic variations through diversifying selection have not been fully investigated. The whole genomes of 78 domestic chickens were sequenced to an average of 18-fold coverage for each bird. By combining this data with publicly available genomes of five wild red jungle fowls and eight Xishuangbanna game fowls, we conducted a comprehensive comparative genomics analysis of 91 chickens from 17 populations. After aligning ∼21.30 gigabases (Gb) of high-quality data from each individual to the reference chicken genome, we identified ∼6.44 million (M) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each population. These SNPs included 1.10 M novel SNPs in 17 populations that were absent in the current chicken dbSNP (Build 145) entries. The current data is important for population genetics and further studies in chickens and will serve as a valuable resource for investigating diversifying selection and candidate genes for selective breeding in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tiandong Che
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Binlong Chen
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Majing Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongxian Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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37
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Fan X, Gaur U, Sun L, Yang D, Yang M. The Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) and Myostatin (MSTN) in tissue specific aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:108-112. [PMID: 28472635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (MSTN) are evolutionarily conserved homologues proteins which are closely related members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. They are often perceived to serve similar or overlapping roles. Recently, GDF11 has been identified as playing a role during aging, however there are conflicting reports as to the nature of this role. In this review, we will discuss the literature regarding functions of GDF11 and myostatin in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle during aging. Consequently we expect to develop a deeper understanding about the function of these two proteins in organismal aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lin Sun
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224000, PR China
| | - Deying Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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38
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Zhang L, Zhang P, Li Q, Gaur U, Liu Y, Zhu Q, Zhao X, Wang Y, Yin H, Hu Y, Liu A, Li D. Genetic evidence from mitochondrial DNA corroborates the origin of Tibetan chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172945. [PMID: 28241078 PMCID: PMC5328412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken is the most common poultry species and is important to human societies. Tibetan chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a breed endemic to China that is distributed mainly on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, its origin has not been well characterized. In the present study, we sequenced partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 239 and 283 samples from Tibetan and Sichuan indigenous chickens, respectively. Incorporating 1091 published sequences, we constructed the matrilineal genealogy of Tibetan chickens to further document their domestication history. We found that the genetic structure of the mtDNA haplotypes of Tibetan chickens are dominated by seven major haplogroups (A-G). In addition, phylogenetic and network analyses showed that Tibetan chickens are not distinguishable from the indigenous chickens in surrounding areas. Furthermore, some clades of Tibetan chickens may have originated from game fowls. In summary, our results collectively indicated that Tibetan chickens may have diverged from indigenous chickens in the adjacent regions and hybridized with various chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaodong Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Gaur U, Tantia MS, Mishra B, Bharani Kumar ST, Vijh RK, Chaudhury A. Mitochondrial D-loop analysis for uncovering the population structure and genetic diversity among the indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos) populations of India. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:212-219. [PMID: 28116946 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1267158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The indigenous domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) which is domesticated from Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) contributes significantly to poor farming community in coastal and North Eastern regions of India. For conservation and maintenance of indigenous duck populations it is very important to know the existing genetic diversity and population structure. To unravel the population structure and genetic diversity among the five indigenous duck populations of India, the mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 120 ducks were analyzed. The sequence analysis by comparison of mtDNA D-loop region (470 bp) of five Indian duck populations revealed 25 mitochondrial haplotypes. Pairwise FST value among populations was 0.4243 (p < .01) and the range of nucleotide substitution per site (Dxy) between the five Indian duck populations was 0.00034-0.00555, and the net divergence (Da) was 0-0.00355. The phylogenetic analysis in the present study unveiled three clades. The analysis revealed genetic continuity among ducks of coastal region of the country which formed a separate group from the ducks of the inland area. Both coastal as well as the land birds revealed introgression of the out group breed Khaki Campbell, which is used for breed improvement programs in India. The observations revealed very less selection and a single matrilineal lineage of indigenous domestic ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Gaur
- a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India.,b Department of Bio & Nano Technology , Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology , Hisar , India
| | | | - Bina Mishra
- c Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Settypalli Tirumala Bharani Kumar
- d Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications , International Atomic Energy Agency , Vienna , Austria
| | | | - Ashok Chaudhury
- b Department of Bio & Nano Technology , Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology , Hisar , India
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40
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Wu N, Gaur U, Zhu Q, Chen B, Xu Z, Zhao X, Yang M, Li D. Expressed microRNA associated with high rate of egg production in chicken ovarian follicles. Anim Genet 2016; 48:205-216. [PMID: 27781291 DOI: 10.1111/age.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a highly conserved class of small noncoding RNA about 19-24 nucleotides in length that function in a specific manner to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in organisms. Tissue miRNA expression studies have discovered a myriad of functions for miRNAs in various aspects, but a role for miRNAs in chicken ovarian tissue at 300 days of age has not hitherto been reported. In this study, we performed the first miRNA analysis of ovarian tissues in chickens with low and high rates of egg production using high-throughput sequencing. By comparing low rate of egg production chickens with high rate of egg production chickens, 17 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were found (P < 0.05), including 11 known and six novel miRNAs. We found that all 11 known miRNAs were involved mainly in pathways of reproduction regulation, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis and dopaminergic synapse. Additionally, expression profiling of six randomly selected differentially regulated miRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Some miRNAs, such as gga-miR-34b, gga-miR-34c and gga-miR-216b, were reported to regulate processes such as proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and metastasis and were expressed differentially in ovaries of chickens with high rates of egg production, suggesting that these miRNAs have an important role in ovary development and reproductive management of chicken. Furthermore, we uncovered that a significantly up-regulated miRNA-gga-miR-200a-3p-is ubiquitous in reproduction-regulation-related pathways. This miRNA may play a special central role in the reproductive management of chicken, and needs to be further studied for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - U Gaur
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Q Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - B Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Z Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - X Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - M Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - D Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, China
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41
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Fan X, Liang Q, Lian T, Wu Q, Gaur U, Li D, Yang D, Mao X, Jin Z, Li Y, Yang M. Rapamycin preserves gut homeostasis during Drosophila aging. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35274-83. [PMID: 26431326 PMCID: PMC4742104 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut homeostasis plays an important role in maintaining the overall body health during aging. Rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, exerts prolongevity effects in evolutionarily diverse species. However, its impact on the intestinal homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that rapamycin can slow down the proliferation rate of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the aging guts and induce autophagy in the intestinal epithelium in Drosophila. Rapamycin can also significantly affect the FOXO associated genes in intestine and up-regulate the negative regulators of IMD/Rel pathway, consequently delaying the microbial expansion in the aging guts. Collectively, these findings reveal that rapamycin can delay the intestinal aging by inhibiting mTOR and thus keeping stem cell proliferation in check. These results will further explain the mechanism of healthspan and lifespan extension by rapamycin in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lian
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Diyan Li
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Deying Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Mao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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42
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Gaur U, Tantia MS, Mishra B, Bharani Kumar ST, Vijh RK, Chaudhury A. Population Structuring of Land and Coastal Ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos) Using Microsatellite Markers. CURR SCI INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v110/i10/1977-1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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Li D, Chen B, Zhang L, Gaur U, Ma T, Jie H, Zhao G, Wu N, Xu Z, Xu H, Yao Y, Lian T, Fan X, Yang D, Yang M, Zhu Q, Satkoski Trask J. The musk chemical composition and microbiota of Chinese forest musk deer males. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18975. [PMID: 26744067 PMCID: PMC4705530 DOI: 10.1038/srep18975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Male musk deer secrete musk from the musk gland located between their naval and genitals. Unmated male forest musk deer generate a greater amount of musk than mated males, potentially allowing them to attract a greater number of females. In this study, we used gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to explore musk chemical composition of the musk pods of captive mated and unmated sexually mature Chinese forest musk deer and used next-generation sequencing to intensively survey the bacterial communities within them. Analysis of the chemical composition of the musk showed that unmated males have more muscone and cholesterol. Features of the musk16S rRNA gene showed that mated Chinese forest musk deer have both a greater Shannon diversity (p < 0.01) and a greater number of estimated operational taxonomic units than unmated ones; many bacterial genera were overrepresented in unmated Chinese forest musk deer males. Members of these genera might be involved in musk odor fermentation. PICRUSt analysis revealed that metabolic pathways such as aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were enriched in the musk of unmated Chinese forest musk deer males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Binlong Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Long Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Uma Gaur
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Tianyuan Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Hang Jie
- Laboratory of Medicinal Animal, Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Nanchuan, Chongqing, P.R. China, 408435
| | - Guijun Zhao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Animal, Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Nanchuan, Chongqing, P.R. China, 408435
| | - Nan Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Zhongxian Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Huailiang Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Ting Lian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Deying Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China, 61130
| | - Jessica Satkoski Trask
- Department of Anthropology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
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Wu N, Yang M, Gaur U, Xu H, Yao Y, Li D. Alpha-Ketoglutarate: Physiological Functions and Applications. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:1-8. [PMID: 26759695 PMCID: PMC4703346 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key molecule in the Krebs cycle determining the overall rate of the citric acid cycle of the organism. It is a nitrogen scavenger and a source of glutamate and glutamine that stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation in muscles. AKG as a precursor of glutamate and glutamine is a central metabolic fuel for cells of the gastrointestinal tract as well. AKG can decrease protein catabolism and increase protein synthesis to enhance bone tissue formation in the skeletal muscles and can be used in clinical applications. In addition to these health benefits, a recent study has shown that AKG can extend the lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans by inhibiting ATP synthase and TOR. AKG not only extends lifespan, but also delays age-related disease. In this review, we will summarize the advances in AKG research field, in the content of its physiological functions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
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Tu J, Li D, Li Q, Zhang L, Zhu Q, Gaur U, Fan X, Xu H, Yao Y, Zhao X, Yang M. Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of β-Defensin Peptides in Vertebrates. Evol Bioinform Online 2015; 11:105-14. [PMID: 26056425 PMCID: PMC4451809 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s25580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate β-defensins comprise an important family of antimicrobial peptides that protect organisms from a diverse spectrum of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoan parasites. Previous studies have shown a marked variation in the number of β-defensins among species, but the underlying reason is unclear. To address this question, we performed comprehensive computational searches to study the intact β-defensin genes from 29 vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis of the β-defensin genes in vertebrates identified frequent changes in the number of β-defensin genes and multiple species-specific gene gains and losses that have been occurring throughout the evolution of vertebrates. The number of intact β-defensin genes varied from 1 in the western clawed frog to 20 in cattle, with numerous expansions and contractions of the gene family throughout vertebrates, especially among tetrapods. The β-defensin gene number in a species is relevant to the ever-changing microbial challenges from the environment that they inhabit. Selection pressure analysis shows there exist three amino acid sites under significant positive selection. Protein structural characteristics analysis suggests that structural diversity determines the diverse functions of β-defensins. Our study provides a new perspective on the relationships among vertebrate β-defensin gene repertoires and different survival circumstances, which helps explain how β-defensins have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Diyan Li
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Province, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Kunming Xianghao Technology Co, Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Anand MK, Gaur U, Lakhani C, Chudhari M, Sarvanan P. The Role of Medical Student's Feed Back in Undergraduate Gross Anatomy Teaching. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.690.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahindra Kumar Anand
- Department of AnatomyGujarat Adani Institute of Medical SciencesBhujGujaratIndia
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences The University of West IndiesBridgetownBarbadosBarbados
| | - Chintan Lakhani
- Department of AnatomyGujarat Adani Institute of Medical SciencesBhujGujaratIndia
| | - Manisha Chudhari
- Department of AnatomyGujarat Adani Institute of Medical SciencesBhujGujaratIndia
| | - P Sarvanan
- Department of AnatomyGujarat Adani Institute of Medical SciencesBhujGujaratIndia
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Abstract
The problem of hypoxia adaptation in high altitudes is an unsolved brainteaser in the field of life sciences. As one of the best chicken breeds with adaptability to highland environment, the Tibetan chicken, is genetically different from lowland chicken breeds. In order to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of hypoxic adaptability in high altitude, in the present study, we focused on the MT-COI together with ATP-6 gene to explore the regulatory mechanisms for hypoxia adaptability in Tibet chicken. Here, we sequenced MT-COI of 29 Tibetan chickens and 30 Chinese domestic chickens and ATP-6 gene of 28 Tibetan chickens and 29 Chinese domestic chickens. In MT-COI gene, 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected though none of these was a missense mutation, confirming the fact that MT-COI gene is a largely conservative sequence. In ATP-6 gene, 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected and we found a missense mutation (m.9441G > A) in the ATP-6 gene of Tibetan chicken resulting in an amino acid substitution. Due to the critical role of ATP-6 gene in the proton translocation and energy metabolism, we speculated the possibility of this mutation playing an important role in easier energy conversion and metabolism in Tibetan chickens than Chinese domestic chickens so as to better adapt to the harsh environment of the high-altitude areas. The Median-joining profile also suggested that haplotype Ha2 has the ancestral position to the other haplotypes and has significant relationship with high-altitude adaptation in ATP-6 gene. Therefore, we considered that the polymorphism (m.9441G > A) in the ATP-6 gene may affect the specific functions of ATP-6 enzyme relating to high-altitude adaptation of Tibetan chicken and MT-COI gene is a largely conservative sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhao
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , P.R. China
| | - Uma Gaur
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , P.R. China
| | - Ting Gu
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , P.R. China
| | - Diyan Li
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , P.R. China
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Gaur U, Xiong YY, Luo QP, Yuan FY, Wu HY, Qiao M, Wimmers K, Li K, Mei SQ, Liu GS. Breed-specific transcriptome response of spleen from six to eight week old piglet after infection with Streptococcus suis type 2. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7865-73. [PMID: 25160908 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Different pig breeds have shown differential susceptibility to the pathogen infection; however, molecular mechanisms of the infection susceptibility are not fully understood. Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen. To identify the genes responsible for infection susceptibility, pigs from two different breeds (Enshi black and Landrace) were inoculated with SS2 and their spleen transcriptome profiles were investigated in the present study. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed from infected versus control pigs in each breed, and then compared between both pig breeds. Enshi black pig showed more DEGs than Landrace (830 vs. 611) and most of these were due to down-regulated genes (543 vs. 387). However some DEGs were uniquely expressed in one breed, some were expressed in opposite direction in both breeds. A number of candidate genes and pathways are identified which might be involved in susceptibility to SS2, for example, MMP9 and Resistin were only significantly expressed in Landrace. NPG3 and PMAP23 were up-regulated in Landrace whereas down-regulated in Enshi black. LENG8 in control Landrace have inherently higher expression than control Enshi black. IGKV6 is down-regulated in Landrace but up-regulated in Enshi black. Overall, the transcriptome profiles are consistent with the clinical signs, i.e. the Enshi black is more susceptible to SS2 infection than Landrace. This is the first study to identify differential gene expression between indigenous and modern commercial pigs after in vivo SS2 infection using RNA-seq. The significant DEGs in splenic profiles between two pig breeds suggested considerable involvement of genetic background in susceptibility to the SS2 infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gaur
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yaoyuan No. 1, Nanhu, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
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Gaur U, Li K, Mei S, Liu G. Research progress in allele-specific expression and its regulatory mechanisms. J Appl Genet 2013; 54:271-83. [PMID: 23609142 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-013-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the majority of genes are expressed equally from both alleles, some genes are differentially expressed. Organisms possess characteristics to preferentially express a particular allele under regulatory factors, which is termed allele-specific expression (ASE). It is one of the important genetic factors that lead to phenotypic variation and can be used to identify the variance of gene regulation factors. ASE indicates mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs function. Here, we review a broad survey of progress in ASE studies, and what this simple yet very effective approach can offer in functional genomics, and possible implications toward our better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yaoyuan No. 1, Nanhu, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Doxorubicin (DXR) commonly used in cancer therapy produces undesirable side effects such as cardiotoxicity. To minimize these, attempts have been made to couple the drug with dextran (DEX) and then to encapsulate this drug conjugate in hydrogel nanoparticles. By encapsulation of the drug conjugate in biodegradable, biocompatible long circulating hydrogel nanoparticles, we further improved the therapeutic efficacy of the conjugate. The size of these nanoparticles as determined by quasi-elastic light scattering, was found to be 100+/-10 nm diameter, which favors the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) as observed in most solid tumors. The antitumor effect of these DEX-DXR nanoparticles, was evaluated in J774A.1 macrophage tumor cells implanted in Balb/c mice. The in vivo efficacy of these nanoparticles as antitumor drug carriers, was determined by tumor regression and increased survival time as compared to drug conjugate and free drug. These results suggest that encapsulation of the conjugate in nanoparticles not only reduces the side effects, but also improves its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, 110 021, Delhi, India
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