1
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Golovanov A, Kostyukov IY, Pukhov A, Malka V. Energy-Conserving Theory of the Blowout Regime of Plasma Wakefield. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:105001. [PMID: 36962054 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a self-consistent theory of strongly nonlinear plasma wakefield (bubble or blowout regime of the wakefield) based on the energy conservation approach. Such wakefields are excited in plasmas by intense laser or particle beam drivers and are characterized by the expulsion of plasma electrons from the propagation axis of the driver. As a result, a spherical cavity devoid of electrons (called a "bubble") and surrounded by a thin sheath made of expelled electrons is formed behind the driver. In contrast to the previous theoretical model [W. Lu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 165002 (2006)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.96.165002], the presented theory satisfies the energy conservation law, does not require any external fitting parameters, and describes the bubble structure and the electromagnetic field it contains with much higher accuracy in a wide range of parameters. The obtained results are verified by 3D particle-in-cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Golovanov
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - I Yu Kostyukov
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - V Malka
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Lobok MG, Andriyash IA, Vais OE, Malka V, Bychenkov VY. Bright synchrotron radiation from relativistic self-trapping of a short laser pulse in near-critical density plasma. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:L053201. [PMID: 34942843 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.l053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a dense gas plasma a short laser pulse propagates in a relativistic self-trapping mode, which enables the effective conversion of laser energy to the accelerated electrons. This regime sustains effective loading which maximizes the total charge of the accelerating electrons, that provides a large amount of betatron radiation. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate how such a regime triggers x-ray generation with 0.1-1 MeV photon energies, low divergence, and high brightness. It is shown that a 135-TW laser can be used to produce 3×10^{10} photons of >10 keV energy and a 1.2-PW laser makes it possible generating about 10^{12} photons in the same energy range. The laser-to-gamma energy conversion efficiency is up to 10^{-4} for the high-energy photons, ∼100 keV, while the conversion efficiency to the entire keV-range x rays is estimated to be a few tenths of a percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Lobok
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - I A Andriyash
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, UMR7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - O E Vais
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - V Malka
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - V Yu Bychenkov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
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3
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Wan Y, Andriyash IA, Lu W, Mori WB, Malka V. Effects of the Transverse Instability and Wave Breaking on the Laser-Driven Thin Foil Acceleration. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:104801. [PMID: 32955303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of ultrathin foils by the laser radiation pressure promises a compact alternative to the conventional ion sources. Among the challenges on the way to practical realization, one fundamental is a strong transverse plasma instability, which develops density perturbations and breaks the acceleration. In this Letter, we develop a theoretical model supported by three-dimensional numerical simulations to explain the transverse instability growth from noise to wave breaking and its crucial effect on stopping the acceleration. The wave-broken nonlinear mode triggers rapid stochastic heating that finally explodes the target. Possible paths to mitigate this problem for getting efficient ion acceleration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wan
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - I A Andriyash
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Malka
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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4
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Ghaith A, Oumbarek D, Roussel E, Corde S, Labat M, André T, Loulergue A, Andriyash IA, Chubar O, Kononenko O, Smartsev S, Marcouillé O, Kitégi C, Marteau F, Valléau M, Thaury C, Gautier J, Sebban S, Tafzi A, Blache F, Briquez F, Tavakoli K, Carcy A, Bouvet F, Dietrich Y, Lambert G, Hubert N, El Ajjouri M, Polack F, Dennetière D, Leclercq N, Rommeluère P, Duval JP, Sebdaoui M, Bourgoin C, Lestrade A, Benabderrahmane C, Vétéran J, Berteaud P, De Oliveira C, Goddet JP, Herbeaux C, Szwaj C, Bielawski S, Malka V, Couprie ME. Tunable High Spatio-Spectral Purity Undulator Radiation from a Transported Laser Plasma Accelerated Electron Beam. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19020. [PMID: 31836730 PMCID: PMC6910930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Undulator based synchrotron light sources and Free Electron Lasers (FELs) are valuable modern probes of matter with high temporal and spatial resolution. Laser Plasma Accelerators (LPAs), delivering GeV electron beams in few centimeters, are good candidates for future compact light sources. However the barriers set by the large energy spread, divergence and shot-to-shot fluctuations require a specific transport line, to shape the electron beam phase space for achieving ultrashort undulator synchrotron radiation suitable for users and even for achieving FEL amplification. Proof-of-principle LPA based undulator emission, with strong electron focusing or transport, does not yet exhibit the full specific radiation properties. We report on the generation of undulator radiation with an LPA beam based manipulation in a dedicated transport line with versatile properties. After evidencing the specific spatio-spectral signature, we tune the resonant wavelength within 200-300 nm by modification of the electron beam energy and the undulator field. We achieve a wavelength stability of 2.6%. We demonstrate that we can control the spatio-spectral purity and spectral brightness by reducing the energy range inside the chicane. We have also observed the second harmonic emission of the undulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghaith
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
| | - D Oumbarek
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - E Roussel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000, Lille, France
| | - S Corde
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - M Labat
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - T André
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - A Loulergue
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - I A Andriyash
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - O Chubar
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 98 Rochester St, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - O Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - S Smartsev
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France.,Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - O Marcouillé
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - C Kitégi
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - F Marteau
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - M Valléau
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - C Thaury
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - J Gautier
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - S Sebban
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Tafzi
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - F Blache
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - F Briquez
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - K Tavakoli
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - A Carcy
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - F Bouvet
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Y Dietrich
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - G Lambert
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - N Hubert
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - M El Ajjouri
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - F Polack
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - D Dennetière
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - N Leclercq
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - P Rommeluère
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - J-P Duval
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - M Sebdaoui
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - C Bourgoin
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - A Lestrade
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - C Benabderrahmane
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - J Vétéran
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - P Berteaud
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - C De Oliveira
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - J P Goddet
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - C Herbeaux
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - C Szwaj
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000, Lille, France
| | - S Bielawski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000, Lille, France
| | - V Malka
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau Cedex, France.,Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - M-E Couprie
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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5
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Cavallone M, Flacco A, Malka V. Shaping of a laser-accelerated proton beam for radiobiology applications via genetic algorithm. Phys Med 2019; 67:123-131. [PMID: 31706148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-accelerated protons have a great potential for innovative experiments in radiation biology due to the sub-picosecond pulse duration and high dose rate achievable. However, the broad angular divergence makes them not optimal for applications with stringent requirements on dose homogeneity and total flux at the irradiated target. The strategy otherwise adopted to increase the homogeneity is to increase the distance between the source and the irradiation plane or to spread the beam with flat scattering systems or through the transport system itself. Such methods considerably reduce the proton flux and are not optimal for laser-accelerated protons. In this paper we demonstrate the use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to design an optimal non-flat scattering system to shape the beam and efficiently flatten the transversal dose distribution at the irradiated target. The system is placed in the magnetic transport system to take advantage of the presence of chromatic focusing elements to further mix the proton trajectories. The effect of a flat scattering system placed after the transport system is also presented for comparison. The general structure of the GA and its application to the shaping of a laser-accelerated proton beam are presented, as well as its application to the optimisation of dose distribution in a water target in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cavallone
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7639, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Flacco
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7639, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau cedex, France.
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7639, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau cedex, France; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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6
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Döpp A, Thaury C, Guillaume E, Massimo F, Lifschitz A, Andriyash I, Goddet JP, Tazfi A, Ta Phuoc K, Malka V. Energy-Chirp Compensation in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:074802. [PMID: 30169048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.074802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The energy spread in laser wakefield accelerators is primarily limited by the energy chirp introduced during the injection and acceleration processes. Here, we propose the use of longitudinal density tailoring to reduce the beam chirp at the end of the accelerator. Experimental data sustained by quasi-3D particle-in-cell simulations show that broadband electron beams can be converted to quasimonoenergetic beams of ≤10% energy spread while maintaining a high charge of more than 120 pC. In the linear and quasilinear regimes of wakefield acceleration, the method could provide even lower, subpercent level, energy spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Döpp
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Thaury
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - E Guillaume
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - F Massimo
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - I Andriyash
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J-P Goddet
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Tazfi
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - V Malka
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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7
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Wan Y, Pai CH, Zhang CJ, Li F, Wu YP, Hua JF, Lu W, Joshi C, Mori WB, Malka V. Physical mechanism of the electron-ion coupled transverse instability in laser pressure ion acceleration for different regimes. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:013202. [PMID: 30110864 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In radiation pressure ion acceleration (RPA) research, the transverse stability within laser plasma interaction has been a long-standing, crucial problem over the past decades. In this paper, we present a one-dimensional two-fluid theory extended from a recent work Wan et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 234801 (2016)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.117.234801 to clearly clarify the origin of the intrinsic transverse instability in the RPA process. It is demonstrated that the purely growing density fluctuations are more likely induced due to the strong coupling between the fast oscillating electrons and quasistatic ions via the ponderomotive force with spatial variations. The theory contains a full analysis of both electrostatic (ES) and electromagnetic modes and confirms that the ES mode actually dominates the whole RPA process at the early linear stage. By using this theory one can predict the mode structure and growth rate of the transverse instability in terms of a wide range of laser plasma parameters. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are systematically carried out to verify the theory and formulas in different regimes, and good agreements have been obtained, indicating that the electron-ion coupled instability is the major factor that contributes the transverse breakup of the target in RPA process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - C-H Pai
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C J Zhang
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F Li
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y P Wu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J F Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C Joshi
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Malka
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, UMR7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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8
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Ferri J, Corde S, Döpp A, Lifschitz A, Doche A, Thaury C, Ta Phuoc K, Mahieu B, Andriyash IA, Malka V, Davoine X. High-Brilliance Betatron γ-Ray Source Powered by Laser-Accelerated Electrons. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:254802. [PMID: 29979083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.254802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in laser-driven plasma acceleration now enables the acceleration of electrons to several gigaelectronvolts. Taking advantage of these novel accelerators, ultrashort, compact, and spatially coherent x-ray sources called betatron radiation have been developed and applied to high-resolution imaging. However, the scope of the betatron sources is limited by a low energy efficiency and a photon energy in the 10 s of kiloelectronvolt range, which for example prohibits the use of these sources for probing dense matter. Here, based on three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we propose an original hybrid scheme that combines a low-density laser-driven plasma accelerator with a high-density beam-driven plasma radiator, thereby considerably increasing the photon energy and the radiated energy of the betatron source. The energy efficiency is also greatly improved, with about 1% of the laser energy transferred to the radiation, and the γ-ray photon energy exceeds the megaelectronvolt range when using a 15 J laser pulse. This high-brilliance hybrid betatron source opens the way to a wide range of applications requiring MeV photons, such as the production of medical isotopes with photonuclear reactions, radiography of dense objects in the defense or industrial domains, and imaging in nuclear physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferri
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Döpp
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Am Coulombwall 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Doche
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Thaury
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - B Mahieu
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - I A Andriyash
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - V Malka
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - X Davoine
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
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9
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Kim HT, Pathak VB, Hong Pae K, Lifschitz A, Sylla F, Shin JH, Hojbota C, Lee SK, Sung JH, Lee HW, Guillaume E, Thaury C, Nakajima K, Vieira J, Silva LO, Malka V, Nam CH. Stable multi-GeV electron accelerator driven by waveform-controlled PW laser pulses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10203. [PMID: 28860579 PMCID: PMC5579019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The achievable energy and the stability of accelerated electron beams have been the most critical issues in laser wakefield acceleration. As laser propagation, plasma wave formation and electron acceleration are highly nonlinear processes, the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is extremely sensitive to initial experimental conditions. We propose a simple and elegant waveform control method for the LWFA process to enhance the performance of a laser electron accelerator by applying a fully optical and programmable technique to control the chirp of PW laser pulses. We found sensitive dependence of energy and stability of electron beams on the spectral phase of laser pulses and obtained stable 2-GeV electron beams from a 1-cm gas cell of helium. The waveform control technique for LWFA would prompt practical applications of centimeter-scale GeV-electron accelerators to a compact radiation sources in the x-ray and γ-ray regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - V B Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Ki Hong Pae
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - F Sylla
- SourceLAB SAS, 86 rue de Paris, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jung Hun Shin
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - C Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Departement of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hwang Woon Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - E Guillaume
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - C Thaury
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kazuhisa Nakajima
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France. .,Weizmann Institue for Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Departement of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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10
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Walker PA, Alesini PD, Alexandrova AS, Anania MP, Andreev NE, Andriyash I, Aschikhin A, Assmann RW, Audet T, Bacci A, Barna IF, Beaton A, Beck A, Beluze A, Bernhard A, Bielawski S, Bisesto FG, Boedewadt J, Brandi F, Bringer O, Brinkmann R, Bründermann E, Büscher M, Bussmann M, Bussolino GC, Chance A, Chanteloup JC, Chen M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Clarke J, Cole J, Couprie ME, Croia M, Cros B, Dale J, Dattoli G, Delerue N, Delferriere O, Delinikolas P, Dias J, Dorda U, Ertel K, Ferran Pousa A, Ferrario M, Filippi F, Fils J, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Galimberti M, Gallo A, Garzella D, Gastinel P, Giove D, Giribono A, Gizzi LA, Grüner FJ, Habib AF, Haefner LC, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Holzer BJ, Hooker SM, Hosokai T, Irman A, Jaroszynski DA, Jaster-Merz S, Joshi C, Kaluza MC, Kando M, Karger OS, Karsch S, Khazanov E, Khikhlukha D, Knetsch A, Kocon D, Koester P, Kononenko O, Korn G, Kostyukov I, Labate L, Lechner C, Leemans WP, Lehrach A, Li FY, Li X, Libov V, Lifschitz A, Litvinenko V, Lu W, Maier AR, Malka V, Manahan GG, Mangles SPD, Marchetti B, Marocchino A, Martinez de la Ossa A, Martins JL, Massimo F, Mathieu F, Maynard G, Mehrling TJ, Molodozhentsev AY, Mosnier A, Mostacci A, Mueller AS, Najmudin Z, Nghiem PAP, Nguyen F, Niknejadi P, Osterhoff J, Papadopoulos D, Patrizi B, Pattathil R, Petrillo V, Pocsai MA, Poder K, Pompili R, Pribyl L, Pugacheva D, Romeo S, Rossi AR, Roussel E, Sahai AA, Scherkl P, Schramm U, Schroeder CB, Schwindling J, Scifo J, Serafini L, Sheng ZM, Silva LO, Silva T, Simon C, Sinha U, Specka A, Streeter MJV, Svystun EN, Symes D, Szwaj C, Tauscher G, Thomas AGR, Thompson N, Toci G, Tomassini P, Vaccarezza C, Vannini M, Vieira JM, Villa F, Wahlström CG, Walczak R, Weikum MK, Welsch CP, Wiemann C, Wolfenden J, Xia G, Yabashi M, Yu L, Zhu J, Zigler A. Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Ofri A, Malka V, Lodh S. Horner's syndrome in traumatic first rib fracture without carotid injury; review of anatomy and pathophysiology. Trauma Case Rep 2017; 8:1-4. [PMID: 29644305 PMCID: PMC5883210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Case report of a 51 year old man involved in a motor vehicle accident presenting with multiple thoracic wall injury, including bilateral first rib fractures. He slowly developed a right sided Horner's syndrome due to a right paravertebral haematoma. The initial imaging did not display any carotid injury, however the developing right paravertebral haematoma was not initially reported. We review the anatomy and pathophysiology of this well-known but rare condition to show how first rib fractures should raise suspicion of Horner's syndrome irrespective of the presence or absence of any underlying blunt carotid injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ofri
- Trauma Department, Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - V Malka
- Trauma Department, Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - S Lodh
- Radiology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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12
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Kahaly S, Sylla F, Lifschitz A, Flacco A, Veltcheva M, Malka V. Detailed Experimental Study of Ion Acceleration by Interaction of an Ultra-Short Intense Laser with an Underdense Plasma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31647. [PMID: 27531755 PMCID: PMC4987697 DOI: 10.1038/srep31647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion acceleration from intense (Iλ2 > 1018 Wcm−2 μm2) laser-plasma interaction is experimentally studied within a wide range of He gas densities. Focusing an ultrashort pulse (duration ion plasma period) on a newly designed submillimetric gas jet system, enabled us to inhibit total evacuation of electrons from the central propagation channel reducing the radial ion acceleration associated with ponderomotive Coulomb explosion, a mechanism predominant in the long pulse scenario. New ion acceleration mechanism have been unveiled in this regime leading to non-Maxwellian quasi monoenergetic features in the ion energy spectra. The emitted nonthermal ion bunches show a new scaling of the ion peak energy with plasma density. The scaling identified in this new regime differs from previously reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kahaly
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Nkft, Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - F Sylla
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France.,SourceLAB SAS, 86 rue de Paris, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Flacco
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Veltcheva
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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13
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Döpp A, Guillaume E, Thaury C, Gautier J, Ta Phuoc K, Malka V. 3D printing of gas jet nozzles for laser-plasma accelerators. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:073505. [PMID: 27475557 DOI: 10.1063/1.4958649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent results on laser wakefield acceleration in tailored plasma channels have underlined the importance of controlling the density profile of the gas target. In particular, it was reported that the appropriate density tailoring can result in improved injection, acceleration, and collimation of laser-accelerated electron beams. To achieve such profiles, innovative target designs are required. For this purpose, we have reviewed the usage of additive layer manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, in order to produce gas jet nozzles. Notably we have compared the performance of two industry standard techniques, namely, selective laser sintering (SLS) and stereolithography (SLA). Furthermore we have used the common fused deposition modeling to reproduce basic gas jet designs and used SLA and SLS for more sophisticated nozzle designs. The nozzles are characterized interferometrically and used for electron acceleration experiments with the Salle Jaune terawatt laser at Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Döpp
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - E Guillaume
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - C Thaury
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - J Gautier
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - V Malka
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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14
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Thaury C, Guillaume E, Lifschitz A, Ta Phuoc K, Hansson M, Grittani G, Gautier J, Goddet JP, Tafzi A, Lundh O, Malka V. Shock assisted ionization injection in laser-plasma accelerators. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16310. [PMID: 26549584 PMCID: PMC4637871 DOI: 10.1038/srep16310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionization injection is a simple and efficient method to trap an electron beam in a laser plasma accelerator. Yet, because of a long injection length, this injection technique leads generally to the production of large energy spread electron beams. Here, we propose to use a shock front transition to localize the injection. Experimental results show that the energy spread can be reduced down to 10 MeV and that the beam energy can be tuned by varying the position of the shock. This simple technique leads to very stable and reliable injection even for modest laser energy. It should therefore become a unique tool for the development of laser-plasma accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thaury
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - E Guillaume
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - M Hansson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - G Grittani
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i. (FZU), ELI Beamlines project, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Gautier
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - J-P Goddet
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - A Tafzi
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - O Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - V Malka
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
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15
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Guillaume E, Döpp A, Thaury C, Ta Phuoc K, Lifschitz A, Grittani G, Goddet JP, Tafzi A, Chou SW, Veisz L, Malka V. Electron Rephasing in a Laser-Wakefield Accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:155002. [PMID: 26550730 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An important limit for energy gain in laser-plasma wakefield accelerators is the dephasing length, after which the electron beam reaches the decelerating region of the wakefield and starts to decelerate. Here, we propose to manipulate the phase of the electron beam in the wakefield, in order to bring the beam back into the accelerating region, hence increasing the final beam energy. This rephasing is operated by placing an upward density step in the beam path. In a first experiment, we demonstrate the principle of this technique using a large energy spread electron beam. Then, we show that it can be used to increase the energy of monoenergetic electron beams by more than 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guillaume
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Döpp
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Parque Cientfico, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Thaury
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - G Grittani
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i. (FZU), ELI Beamlines project, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J-P Goddet
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Tafzi
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - S W Chou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Veisz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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16
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Lambert G, Andreev A, Gautier J, Giannessi L, Malka V, Petralia A, Sebban S, Stremoukhov S, Tissandier F, Vodungbo B, Zeitoun P. Spatial properties of odd and even low order harmonics generated in gas. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7786. [PMID: 25585715 PMCID: PMC4293601 DOI: 10.1038/srep07786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonic generation in gases is developing rapidly as a soft X-ray femtosecond light-source for applications. This requires control over all the harmonics characteristics and in particular, spatial properties have to be kept very good. In previous literature, measurements have always included several harmonics contrary to applications, especially spectroscopic applications, which usually require a single harmonic. To fill this gap, we present here for the first time a detailed study of completely isolated harmonics. The contribution of the surrounding harmonics has been totally suppressed using interferential filtering which is available for low harmonic orders. In addition, this allows to clearly identify behaviors of standard odd orders from even orders obtained by frequency-mixing of a fundamental laser and of its second harmonic. Comparisons of the spatial intensity profiles, of the spatial coherence and of the wavefront aberration level of 5ω at 160 nm and 6ω at 135 nm have then been performed. We have established that the fundamental laser beam aberrations can cause the appearance of a non-homogenous donut-shape in the 6ω spatial intensity distribution. This undesirable effect can be easily controlled. We finally conclude that the spatial quality of an even harmonic can be as excellent as in standard generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lambert
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Andreev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, build.2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - J Gautier
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Giannessi
- Unità Tecnica Sviluppo di Applicazioni della Radiazione - Modellistica Matematica, ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Petralia
- Unità Tecnica Sviluppo di Applicazioni della Radiazione - Modellistica Matematica, ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Sebban
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Stremoukhov
- 1] Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, build.2, 119991, Moscow, Russia [2] National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", pl. Akademika Kurchatova, 1, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - F Tissandier
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - B Vodungbo
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ph Zeitoun
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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17
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Thaury C, Malka V, Lefebvre E. Comment on "Electron temperature scaling in laser interaction with solids". Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:219501. [PMID: 24313534 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.219501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Thaury
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-PARISTECH, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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18
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Thaury C, Guillaume E, Corde S, Lehe R, Le Bouteiller M, Ta Phuoc K, Davoine X, Rax JM, Rousse A, Malka V. Angular-momentum evolution in laser-plasma accelerators. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:135002. [PMID: 24116787 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.135002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The transverse properties of an electron beam are characterized by two quantities, the emittance which indicates the electron beam extent in the phase space and the angular momentum which allows for nonplanar electron trajectories. Whereas the emittance of electron beams produced in a laser-plasma accelerator has been measured in several experiments, their angular momentum has been scarcely studied. It was demonstrated that electrons in a laser-plasma accelerator carry some angular momentum, but its origin was not established. Here we identify one source of angular-momentum growth and we present experimental results showing that the angular-momentum content evolves during the acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thaury
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS UMR7639-École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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Lehe R, Lifschitz AF, Davoine X, Thaury C, Malka V. Optical transverse injection in laser-plasma acceleration. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:085005. [PMID: 24010450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.085005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Laser-wakefield acceleration constitutes a promising technology for future electron accelerators. A crucial step in such an accelerator is the injection of electrons into the wakefield, which will largely determine the properties of the extracted beam. We present here a new paradigm of colliding-pulse injection, which allows us to generate high-quality electron bunches having both a very low emittance (0.17 mm·mrad) and a low energy spread (2%), while retaining a high charge (~100 pC) and a short duration (3 fs). In this paradigm, the pulse collision provokes a transient expansion of the accelerating bubble, which then leads to transverse electron injection. This mechanism contrasts with previously observed optical injection mechanisms, which were essentially longitudinal. We also specify the range of parameters in which this new type of injection occurs and show that it is within reach of existing high-intensity laser facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lehe
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS UMR7639-École Polytechnique, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, Palaiseau 91762, France
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20
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Couprie ME, Benabderrahmane C, Betinelli P, Bouvet F, Buteau A, Cassinari L, Daillant J, Denard JC, Eymard P, Gagey B, Herbeaux C, Labat M, Lagarde B, Lestrade A, Loulergue A, Marchand P, Marlats JL, Miron C, Morin P, Nadji A, Polack F, Pruvost JB, Ribeiro F, Ricaud JP, Roy P, Tanikawa T, Roux R, Bielawski S, Evain C, Szwaj C, Lambert G, Lifschitz A, Malka V, Lehe R, Rousse A, Phuoc KT, Thaury C, Devanz G, Luong M, Carré B, LeBec G, Farvacque L, Dubois A, Lüning J. The LUNEX5 project in France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/425/7/072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Sylla F, Flacco A, Kahaly S, Veltcheva M, Lifschitz A, Malka V, d'Humières E, Andriyash I, Tikhonchuk V. Short intense laser pulse collapse in near-critical plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:085001. [PMID: 23473156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is observed that the interaction of an intense ultrashort laser pulse with a near-critical gas jet results in the pulse collapse and the deposition of a significant fraction of the energy. This deposition happens in a small and well-localized volume in the rising part of the gas jet, where the electrons are efficiently accelerated and heated. A collisionless plasma expansion over ~ 150 μm at a subrelativistic velocity (~ c/3) has been optically monitored in time and space, and attributed to the quasistatic field ionization of the gas associated with the hot electron current. Numerical simulations in good agreement with the observations suggest the acceleration in the collapse region of relativistic electrons, along with the excitation of a sizable magnetic dipole that sustains the electron current over several picoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sylla
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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Lundh O, Rechatin C, Lim J, Malka V, Faure J. Experimental measurements of electron-bunch trains in a laser-plasma accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:065005. [PMID: 23432264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.065005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spectral measurements of visible coherent transition radiation produced by a laser-plasma-accelerated electron beam are reported. The significant periodic modulations that are observed in the spectrum result from the interference of transition radiation produced by multiple bunches of electrons. A Fourier analysis of the spectral interference fringes reveals that electrons are injected and accelerated in multiple plasma wave periods, up to at least 10 periods behind the laser pulse. The bunch separation scales with the plasma wavelength when the plasma density is changed over a wide range. An analysis of the spectral fringe visibility indicates that the first bunch contains most of the charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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Lundh O, Rechatin C, Faure J, Ben-Ismaïl A, Lim J, De Wagter C, De Neve W, Malka V. Comparison of measured with calculated dose distribution from a 120-MeV electron beam from a laser-plasma accelerator. Med Phys 2012; 39:3501-8. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4719962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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25
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Sylla F, Flacco A, Kahaly S, Veltcheva M, Lifschitz A, Sanchez-Arriaga G, Lefebvre E, Malka V. Anticorrelation between ion acceleration and nonlinear coherent structures from laser-underdense plasma interaction. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:115003. [PMID: 22540480 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In laser-plasma experiments, we observed that ion acceleration from the Coulomb explosion of the plasma channel bored by the laser is prevented when multiple plasma instabilities, such as filamentation and hosing, and nonlinear coherent structures (vortices or postsolitons) appear in the wake of an ultrashort laser pulse. The tailoring of the longitudinal plasma density ramp allows us to control the onset of these instabilities. We deduced that the laser pulse is depleted into these structures in our conditions, when a plasma at about 10% of the critical density exhibits a gradient on the order of 250 μm (Gaussian fit), thus hindering the acceleration. A promising experimental setup with a long pulse is demonstrated enabling the excitation of an isolated coherent structure for polarimetric measurements and, in further perspectives, parametric studies of ion plasma acceleration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sylla
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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Sylla F, Veltcheva M, Kahaly S, Flacco A, Malka V. Development and characterization of very dense submillimetric gas jets for laser-plasma interaction. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:033507. [PMID: 22462922 DOI: 10.1063/1.3697859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the characterization of recently developed submillimetric He gas jets with peak density higher than 10(21) atoms/cm(3) from cylindrical and slightly conical nozzles of throat diameter of less than 400 μm. Helium gas at pressure 300-400 bar has been developed for this purpose to compensate the nozzle throat diameter reduction that affects the output mass flow rate. The fast-switching electro-valve enables to operate the jet safely for multi-stage vacuum pump assembly. Such gaseous thin targets are particularly suitable for laser-plasma interaction studies in the unexplored near-critical regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sylla
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France.
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27
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Veltcheva M, Borot A, Thaury C, Malvache A, Lefebvre E, Flacco A, Lopez-Martens R, Malka V. Brunel-dominated proton acceleration with a few-cycle laser pulse. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:075004. [PMID: 22401218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.075004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental measurements of backward accelerated protons are presented. The beam is produced when an ultrashort (5 fs) laser pulse, delivered by a kHz laser system, with a high temporal contrast (10(8)), interacts with a thick solid target. Under these conditions, proton cutoff energy dependence with laser parameters, such as pulse energy, polarization (from p to s), and pulse duration (from 5 to 500 fs), is studied. Theoretical model and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, in good agreement with a large set of experimental results, indicate that proton acceleration is directly driven by Brunel electrons, in contrast to conventional target normal sheath acceleration that relies on electron thermal pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Veltcheva
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-PARISTECH, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, Palaiseau, France
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28
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Corde S, Phuoc KT, Fitour R, Faure J, Tafzi A, Goddet JP, Malka V, Rousse A. Controlled betatron x-ray radiation from tunable optically injected electrons. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:255003. [PMID: 22243084 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.255003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The features of Betatron x-ray emission produced in a laser-plasma accelerator are closely linked to the properties of the relativistic electrons which are at the origin of the radiation. While in interaction regimes explored previously the source was by nature unstable, following the fluctuations of the electron beam, we demonstrate in this Letter the possibility to generate x-ray Betatron radiation with controlled and reproducible features, allowing fine studies of its properties. To do so, Betatron radiation is produced using monoenergetic electrons with tunable energies from a laser-plasma accelerator with colliding pulse injection [J. Faure et al., Nature (London) 444, 737 (2006)]. The presented study provides evidence of the correlations between electrons and x-rays, and the obtained results open significant perspectives toward the production of a stable and controlled femtosecond Betatron x-ray source in the keV range.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Corde
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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29
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Corde S, Thaury C, Phuoc KT, Lifschitz A, Lambert G, Faure J, Lundh O, Benveniste E, Ben-Ismail A, Arantchuk L, Marciniak A, Stordeur A, Brijesh P, Rousse A, Specka A, Malka V. Mapping the x-ray emission region in a laser-plasma accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:215004. [PMID: 22181891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.215004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The x-ray emission in laser-plasma accelerators can be a powerful tool to understand the physics of relativistic laser-plasma interaction. It is shown here that the mapping of betatron x-ray radiation can be obtained from the x-ray beam profile when an aperture mask is positioned just beyond the end of the emission region. The influence of the plasma density on the position and the longitudinal profile of the x-ray emission is investigated and compared to particle-in-cell simulations. The measurement of the x-ray emission position and length provides insight on the dynamics of the interaction, including the electron self-injection region, possible multiple injection, and the role of the electron beam driven wakefield.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Corde
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR-École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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30
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Fourmaux S, Corde S, Phuoc KT, Lassonde P, Lebrun G, Payeur S, Martin F, Sebban S, Malka V, Rousse A, Kieffer JC. Single shot phase contrast imaging using laser-produced Betatron x-ray beams. Opt Lett 2011; 36:2426-2428. [PMID: 21725433 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.002426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Development of x-ray phase contrast imaging applications with a laboratory scale source have been limited by the long exposure time needed to obtain one image. We demonstrate, using the Betatron x-ray radiation produced when electrons are accelerated and wiggled in the laser-wakefield cavity, that a high-quality phase contrast image of a complex object (here, a bee), located in air, can be obtained with a single laser shot. The Betatron x-ray source used in this proof of principle experiment has a source diameter of 1.7 μm and produces a synchrotron spectrum with critical energy E(c)=12.3±2.5 keV and 10⁹ photons per shot in the whole spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fourmaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Lionel Boulet, Varennes J3X 1S2, Québec, Canada.
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31
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Rigaud O, Fortunel NO, Vaigot P, Cadio E, Martin MT, Lundh O, Faure J, Rechatin C, Malka V, Gauduel YA. Exploring ultrashort high-energy electron-induced damage in human carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e73. [PMID: 21364677 PMCID: PMC3032345 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Rigaud
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, CEA, 2 rue G. Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - N O Fortunel
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, CEA, 2 rue G. Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - P Vaigot
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, CEA, 2 rue G. Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - E Cadio
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, CEA, 2 rue G. Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - M T Martin
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, CEA, 2 rue G. Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - O Lundh
- LOA, CNRS UMR 7639, Ecole Polytechnique Paris Tech, ENSTA Paris Tech, Palaiseau Cedex 91761, France
| | - J Faure
- LOA, CNRS UMR 7639, Ecole Polytechnique Paris Tech, ENSTA Paris Tech, Palaiseau Cedex 91761, France
| | - C Rechatin
- LOA, CNRS UMR 7639, Ecole Polytechnique Paris Tech, ENSTA Paris Tech, Palaiseau Cedex 91761, France
| | - V Malka
- LOA, CNRS UMR 7639, Ecole Polytechnique Paris Tech, ENSTA Paris Tech, Palaiseau Cedex 91761, France
| | - Y A Gauduel
- LOA, CNRS UMR 7639, Ecole Polytechnique Paris Tech, ENSTA Paris Tech, Palaiseau Cedex 91761, France
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32
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Flacco A, Sylla F, Veltcheva M, Carrié M, Nuter R, Lefebvre E, Batani D, Malka V. Dependence on pulse duration and foil thickness in high-contrast-laser proton acceleration. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81:036405. [PMID: 20365880 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.036405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Experimental measurements of proton acceleration with high intensity and high-contrast short laser pulses have been carried out over an order of magnitude range in target thickness and laser pulse duration. The dependence of the maximum proton energy with these parameters is qualitatively supported by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. They evidence that two regimes of proton acceleration can take place, depending on the ratio between the density gradient and the hot electron Debye length at the rear target surface. As this ratio can be affected by the target thickness, a complex interplay between pulse duration and target thickness is observed. Measurements and simulations support unexpected variations in the laser absorption and hot electron temperature with the pulse duration and laser intensity, for which density profile modification at the target front surface is the controlling parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flacco
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, Ecole Polytechnique-ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7639, Chemin de la Huniére, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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33
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Rechatin C, Davoine X, Lifschitz A, Ben Ismail A, Lim J, Lefebvre E, Faure J, Malka V. Observation of beam loading in a laser-plasma accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:194804. [PMID: 20365930 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.194804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Beam loading is the phenomenon which limits the charge and the beam quality in plasma based accelerators. An experimental study conducted with a laser-plasma accelerator is presented. Beam loading manifests itself through the decrease of the beam energy, the reduction of dark current, and the increase of the energy spread for large beam charge. 3D PIC simulations are compared to the experimental results and confirm the effects of beam loading. It is found that, in our experimental conditions, the trapped electron beams generate decelerating fields on the order of 1 (GV/m)/pC and that beam loading effects are optimized for trapped charges of about 20 pC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rechatin
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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34
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Fuchs T, Szymanowski H, Oelfke U, Glinec Y, Rechatin C, Faure J, Malka V. Treatment planning for laser-accelerated very-high energy electrons. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:3315-28. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/11/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Rechatin C, Faure J, Ben-Ismail A, Lim J, Fitour R, Specka A, Videau H, Tafzi A, Burgy F, Malka V. Controlling the phase-space volume of injected electrons in a laser-plasma accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:164801. [PMID: 19518716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To take full advantage of a laser-plasma accelerator, stability and control of the electron beam parameters have to be achieved. The external injection scheme with two colliding laser pulses is a way to stabilize the injection of electrons into the plasma wave, and to easily tune the energy of the output beam by changing the longitudinal position of the injection. In this Letter, it is shown that by tuning the optical injection parameters, one is able to control the phase-space volume of the injected particles, and thus the charge and the energy spread of the beam. With this method, the production of a laser accelerated electron beam of 10 pC at the 200 MeV level with a 1% relative energy spread at full width half maximum (3.1% rms) is demonstrated. This unique tunability extends the capability of laser-plasma accelerators and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rechatin
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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36
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Davoine X, Lefebvre E, Rechatin C, Faure J, Malka V. Cold optical injection producing monoenergetic, multi-GeV electron bunches. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:065001. [PMID: 19257594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A cold optical injection mechanism for a laser-plasma accelerator is described. It relies on a short, circularly polarized, low-energy laser pulse counterpropagating to and colliding with a circularly polarized main pulse in a low density plasma. Contrary to previously published optical injection schemes, injection is not caused here by electron heating. Instead, the collision between the pulses creates a spatially periodic and time-independent beat force. This force can block the longitudinal electron motion, leading to their entry and injection into the propagating wake. In a specific setup, we compute after acceleration over 0.6 mm, a 60 MeV, 50 pC electron bunch with 0.7 MeV rms energy spread, proving the interest of this scheme to inject electron bunches with a narrow absolute energy spread. Acceleration to 3 GeV with a rms spread smaller than 1% is computed after propagation over 3.8 cm in a plasma channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Davoine
- CEA, DAM, DIF, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon, France.
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37
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Aliverdiev A, Batani D, Dezulian R, Vinci T, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Koenig M, Malka V. Coronal hydrodynamics of laser-produced plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 78:046404. [PMID: 18999540 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.046404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of an experimental investigation of the temporal evolution of plasmas produced by high power laser irradiation of various types of target materials (at intensities I(L) < or = 10(14) W/cm2). We obtained interferometric data on the evolution of the plasma profile, which can directly be compared to analytical models and numerical simulations. For aluminum and plastic targets, the agreement with 1D simulations done with the hydrocode MULTI is excellent, at least for large times (t > or = 400 ps) . In this case, simulations also show that the effect of radiation transport is negligible. The situation is quite different for gold targets for which, in order to get a fair agreement, radiation transport must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aliverdiev
- Institute of Physics of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of the Science, 367003, Russia, Daghestan, Makhachkala, 94 Yaragskogo Street
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38
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Gauduel Y, Glinec Y, Malka V. Femtoradical events in aqueous molecular environments: the tenuous borderline between direct and indirect radiation damages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/101/1/012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Gerbaux M, Gobet F, Aléonard MM, Hannachi F, Malka G, Scheurer JN, Tarisien M, Claverie G, Méot V, Morel P, Faure J, Glinec Y, Guemnie-Tafo A, Malka V, Manclossi M, Santos JJ. High flux of relativistic electrons produced in femtosecond laser-thin foil target interactions: characterization with nuclear techniques. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:023504. [PMID: 18315296 DOI: 10.1063/1.2840017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a protocol to characterize the high energy electron beam emitted in the interaction of an ultraintense laser with matter at intensities higher than 10(19) W cm(-2). The electron energies and angular distributions are determined as well as the total number of electrons produced above a 10 MeV threshold. This protocol is based on measurements with an electron spectrometer and nuclear activation techniques, combined with Monte Carlo simulations based on the GEANT3 code. The method is detailed and exemplified with data obtained with polypropylene and copper thin solid targets at a laser intensity of 2x10(19) W cm(-2). Special care is taken of the different sources of uncertainties. In particular, the reproducibility of the laser shots is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gerbaux
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS-IN2P3, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France.
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40
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Malka V, Fuchs T, Oelfke U, Szymanowski H, Faure J, Glinec Y, Rechatin C. TU-D-BRA-03: Laser-Accelerated Electrons for Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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41
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Glinec Y, Faure J, Norlin A, Pukhov A, Malka V. Observation of fine structures in laser-driven electron beams using coherent transition radiation. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:194801. [PMID: 17677622 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.194801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the coherent optical transition radiation emitted by an electron beam from laser-plasma interaction. The measurement of the spectrum of the radiation reveals fine structures of the electron beam in the range 400-1000 nm. These structures are reproduced using an electron distribution from a 3D particle-in-cell simulation and are attributed to microbunching of the electron bunch due to its interaction with the laser field. When the radiator is placed closer to the interaction point, spectral oscillations have also been recorded, signature of the interference of the radiation produced by two electron bunches delayed by 74 fs. The second electron bunch duration is shown to be ultrashort to match the intensity level of the radiation. Whereas transition radiation was used at longer wavelengths in order to estimate the electron bunch length, this study focuses on the ultrashort structures of the electron beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Glinec
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée - ENSTA, UMR 7639, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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Faure J, Rechatin C, Norlin A, Lifschitz A, Glinec Y, Malka V. Controlled injection and acceleration of electrons in plasma wakefields by colliding laser pulses. Nature 2006; 444:737-9. [PMID: 17151663 DOI: 10.1038/nature05393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In laser-plasma-based accelerators, an intense laser pulse drives a large electric field (the wakefield) which accelerates particles to high energies in distances much shorter than in conventional accelerators. These high acceleration gradients, of a few hundreds of gigavolts per metre, hold the promise of compact high-energy particle accelerators. Recently, several experiments have shown that laser-plasma accelerators can produce high-quality electron beams, with quasi-monoenergetic energy distributions at the 100 MeV level. However, these beams do not have the stability and reproducibility that are required for applications. This is because the mechanism responsible for injecting electrons into the wakefield is based on highly nonlinear phenomena, and is therefore hard to control. Here we demonstrate that the injection and subsequent acceleration of electrons can be controlled by using a second laser pulse. The collision of the two laser pulses provides a pre-acceleration stage which provokes the injection of electrons into the wakefield. The experimental results show that the electron beams obtained in this manner are collimated (5 mrad divergence), monoenergetic (with energy spread <10 per cent), tuneable (between 15 and 250 MeV) and, most importantly, stable. In addition, the experimental observations are compatible with electron bunch durations shorter than 10 fs. We anticipate that this stable and compact electron source will have a strong impact on applications requiring short bunches, such as the femtolysis of water, or high stability, such as radiotherapy with high-energy electrons or radiography for materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Faure
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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Manclossi M, Santos JJ, Batani D, Faure J, Debayle A, Tikhonchuk VT, Malka V. Study of ultraintense laser-produced fast-electron propagation and filamentation in insulator and metal foil targets by optical emission diagnostics. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:125002. [PMID: 16605915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.125002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The transport of an intense electron beam produced by ultrahigh intensity laser pulses through metals and insulators has been studied by high resolution imaging of the optical emission from the targets. In metals, the emission is mainly due to coherent transition radiation, while in plastic, it is due to the Cerenkov effect and it is orders of magnitude larger. It is also observed that in the case of insulators the fast-electron beam undergoes strong filamentation and the number of filaments increases with the target thickness. This filamented behavior in insulators is due to the instability of the ionization front related to the electric field ionization process. The filamentary structures characteristic growth rate and characteristic transversal scale are in agreement with analytical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manclossi
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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Abstract
Laser-plasma accelerators deliver high-charge quasi-monoenergetic electron beams with properties of interest for many applications. Their angular divergence, limited to a few mrad, permits one to generate a small gamma ray source for dense matter radiography, whereas their duration (few tens of fs) permits studies of major importance in the context of fast chemistry for example. In addition, injecting these electron beams into a longer plasma wave structure will extend their energy to the GeV range. A GeV laser-based accelerator scheme is presented; it consists of the acceleration of this electron beam into relativistic plasma waves driven by a laser. This compact approach (centimetres scale for the plasma, and tens of meters for the whole facility) will allow a miniaturization and cost reduction of future accelerators and derived X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Malka
- Ecole Polytechnique Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France.
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Glinec Y, Faure J, Malka V, Fuchs T, Szymanowski H, Oelfke U. Radiotherapy with laser-plasma accelerators: Monte Carlo simulation of dose deposited by an experimental quasimonoenergetic electron beam. Med Phys 2006; 33:155-62. [PMID: 16485422 DOI: 10.1118/1.2140115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent experimental results obtained with laser-plasma accelerators are applied to radio-therapy simulations. The narrow electron beam, produced during the interaction of the laser with the gas jet, has a high charge (0.5 nC) and is quasimonoenergetic (170 +/- 20 MeV). The dose deposition is calculated in a water phantom placed at different distances from the diverging electron source. We show that, using magnetic fields to refocus the electron beam inside the water phantom, the transverse penumbra is improved. This electron beam is well suited for delivering a high dose peaked on the propagation axis, a sharp and narrow tranverse penumbra combined with a deep penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Glinec
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée-ENSTA, UMR 7639, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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Faure J, Glinec Y, Santos JJ, Ewald F, Rousseau JP, Kiselev S, Pukhov A, Hosokai T, Malka V. Observation of laser-pulse shortening in nonlinear plasma waves. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:205003. [PMID: 16384066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.205003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the temporal shortening of an ultraintense laser pulse interacting with an underdense plasma. When interacting with strongly nonlinear plasma waves, the laser pulse is shortened from 38 +/- 2 fs to the 10-14 fs level, with a 20% energy efficiency. The laser ponderomotive force excites a wakefield, which, along with relativistic self-phase modulation, broadens the laser spectrum and subsequently compresses the pulse. This mechanism is confirmed by 3D particle in cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Faure
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France.
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Elton C, Riaz AA, Young N, Schamschula R, Papadopoulos B, Malka V. Accuracy of computed tomography in the detection of blunt bowel and mesenteric injuries. Br J Surg 2005; 92:1024-8. [PMID: 15931660 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are conflicting views on the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with bowel and mesenteric injuries (BMIs) following blunt abdominal trauma. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of the CT report during a trauma call.
Methods
Ninety-eight patients underwent preoperative abdominal spiral CT and subsequent laparotomy following blunt trauma between January 1996 and March 2001 at a level I trauma centre. The immediate results of the scans were reported by the on-call radiology registrar and written in the medical notes by the trauma team leader. Seventy of the 98 preoperative abdominal CT scans were retrieved from the radiology department and reported by two consultant radiologists with a special interest in trauma radiology.
Results
The sensitivity and specificity of the 70 expert CT reports were 80 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 66 to 94) and 78 (95 per cent c.i. 65 to 90) per cent respectively for diagnosing a BMI. The sensitivity and specificity of the immediate CT reports were 93 (95 per cent c.i. 84 to 100) and 71 (95 per cent c.i. 60 to 83) per cent respectively.
Conclusion
Spiral CT is highly sensitive for detecting a BMI following blunt abdominal trauma. This sensitivity is maintained when the scan is reported by a radiology registrar.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elton
- Department of Surgery, Barnet Hospital, London, UK.
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Fuchs T, Szymanowski H, Glinec Y, Faure J, Malka V, Oelfke U. TH-C-T-6C-10: Simulation of Dosimetric Properties of Very-High Energy Laser-Accelerated Electron Beams. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1998666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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