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Makarova K, Slesarev A, Wolf Y, Sorokin A, Mirkin B, Koonin E, Pavlov A, Pavlova N, Karamychev V, Polouchine N, Shakhova V, Grigoriev I, Lou Y, Rohksar D, Lucas S, Huang K, Goodstein DM, Hawkins T, Plengvidhya V, Welker D, Hughes J, Goh Y, Benson A, Baldwin K, Lee JH, Díaz-Muñiz I, Dosti B, Smeianov V, Wechter W, Barabote R, Lorca G, Altermann E, Barrangou R, Ganesan B, Xie Y, Rawsthorne H, Tamir D, Parker C, Breidt F, Broadbent J, Hutkins R, O'Sullivan D, Steele J, Unlu G, Saier M, Klaenhammer T, Richardson P, Kozyavkin S, Weimer B, Mills D. Comparative genomics of the lactic acid bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15611-6. [PMID: 17030793 PMCID: PMC1622870 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607117103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 944] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid-producing bacteria are associated with various plant and animal niches and play a key role in the production of fermented foods and beverages. We report nine genome sequences representing the phylogenetic and functional diversity of these bacteria. The small genomes of lactic acid bacteria encode a broad repertoire of transporters for efficient carbon and nitrogen acquisition from the nutritionally rich environments they inhabit and reflect a limited range of biosynthetic capabilities that indicate both prototrophic and auxotrophic strains. Phylogenetic analyses, comparison of gene content across the group, and reconstruction of ancestral gene sets indicate a combination of extensive gene loss and key gene acquisitions via horizontal gene transfer during the coevolution of lactic acid bacteria with their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Makarova
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894
| | - A. Slesarev
- Fidelity Systems Inc., 7961 Cessna Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20879
| | - Y. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894
| | - A. Sorokin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894
| | - B. Mirkin
- School of Information Systems and Computer Science, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - E. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , , or
| | - A. Pavlov
- Fidelity Systems Inc., 7961 Cessna Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20879
| | - N. Pavlova
- Fidelity Systems Inc., 7961 Cessna Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20879
| | - V. Karamychev
- Fidelity Systems Inc., 7961 Cessna Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20879
| | - N. Polouchine
- Fidelity Systems Inc., 7961 Cessna Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20879
| | - V. Shakhova
- Fidelity Systems Inc., 7961 Cessna Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20879
| | - I. Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - Y. Lou
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - D. Rohksar
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - S. Lucas
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - K. Huang
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - D. M. Goodstein
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - T. Hawkins
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - V. Plengvidhya
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695; Departments of
| | | | | | - Y. Goh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - A. Benson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - K. Baldwin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - J.-H. Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - I. Díaz-Muñiz
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - B. Dosti
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - V. Smeianov
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - W. Wechter
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - R. Barabote
- Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - G. Lorca
- Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - E. Altermann
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - R. Barrangou
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - B. Ganesan
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Y. Xie
- Nutrition and Food Science and
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - H. Rawsthorne
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | | | | | - F. Breidt
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695; Departments of
| | | | - R. Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - D. O'Sullivan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - J. Steele
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - G. Unlu
- Department of Food Science and Toxicology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | - M. Saier
- Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - T. Klaenhammer
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , , or
| | - P. Richardson
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - S. Kozyavkin
- Fidelity Systems Inc., 7961 Cessna Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20879
| | - B. Weimer
- Nutrition and Food Science and
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , , or
| | - D. Mills
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , , or
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