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Hall V. A UK Perspective on Pain and Atypical Performance - When the Maths doesn’t Add up! Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567360 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This presentation provides an overview of factors that can cause symptom exaggeration and/or fabrication in chronic pain. It will explore how symptom and performance validity tests can be applied to chronic pain in the context of a malingering framework and the problems of implementing this in the UK through a case example.
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2
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Atti A, Ferrari M, Castillo-Olivares J, Monk E, Gopal R, Patel M, Hoschler K, Cole M, Semper A, Hewson J, Otter A, Foulkes S, Islam J, Mirfenderesky M, Jain S, Murira J, Favager C, Nastouli E, Chand M, Brown C, Heeney J, Brooks T, Hall V, Hopkins S, Zambon M. Serological profile of first SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases detected within the SIREN study. J Infect 2022; 84:248-288. [PMID: 34600935 PMCID: PMC8482544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Atti
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK,Correspondence author
| | - M. Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics (LVZ) and HICC (Humoral Immune Correlates from COVID-19), University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - J. Castillo-Olivares
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics (LVZ) and HICC (Humoral Immune Correlates from COVID-19), University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - E.J.M. Monk
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - R. Gopal
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - M. Patel
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - K. Hoschler
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - M.J. Cole
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - A. Semper
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J. Hewson
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - A.D. Otter
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - S. Foulkes
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - J. Islam
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - M. Mirfenderesky
- North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, Sterling Way, London N18 1QX, UK
| | - S. Jain
- North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, Sterling Way, London N18 1QX, UK
| | - J. Murira
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Great George St, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - C. Favager
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Great George St, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - E. Nastouli
- Department of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Rd, London NW1 2PG, UK,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - M.A. Chand
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - C.S. Brown
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - J.L. Heeney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics (LVZ) and HICC (Humoral Immune Correlates from COVID-19), University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - T. Brooks
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - V.J. Hall
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - S. Hopkins
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - M. Zambon
- Public Health England (PHE), PHE Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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Feldsine PT, Lienau AH, Roa NH, Green ST, Braut-Taormina J, Braymen C, Chavey C, Cohen A, Deans A, Delancey S, Elems C, Forgey R, Gonzalez E, Hall V, Huang MCJ, Humes L, Johnson F, Kerdaji K, King J, Kipker L, Lau D, Nogle J, Peters C, Pinkston J, Porter M, Potter L, Rogers S, Stephens J, Skorupa G, Taylor R, Tuncan E, Vought K, Vrana D. Enumeration of Total Coliforms and E. coli in Foods by the SimPlate® Coliform and E. coli Color Indicator Method and Conventional Culture Methods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.5.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The relative effectiveness of the SimPlate® Coliform and E. coli Color Indicator (CEc-CI) method was compared to the AOAC 3-tube Most Probable Number (MPN) methods for enumerating and confirming coliforms and Escherichia coli in foods (966.23 and 966.24). In this study, test portions were prepared and analyzed according to the conditions stated in both the AOAC methods and SimPlate directions for use. Six food types were artificially contaminated with coliform bacteria and E. coli: frozen burritos, frozen broccoli, fluid pasteurized milk, whole almond nut meats, cheese, and powdered cake mix. Method comparisons were conducted. Overall, the SimPlate method demonstrated <0.3 log difference for total coliform and E. coli counts compared to the AOAC reference methods for the majority of food types and levels analyzed. In all cases, the repeatability and reproducibility of the SimPlate CEc-CI method were not different from those of the reference methods and in certain cases, were statistically better than those of the AOAC 3-tube MPN methods. These results indicate that the SimPlate CEc-CI method and the reference culture methods are comparable for enumeration of both total coliforms and E. coli in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew H Lienau
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 12822 SE 32nd St, Bellevue, WA 98005
| | - Nerie H Roa
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 12822 SE 32nd St, Bellevue, WA 98005
| | - Shannon T Green
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 12822 SE 32nd St, Bellevue, WA 98005
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Kakinuma Y, Goldsmith CE, Watt A, Elborn JS, Maeda Y, Rendall JC, Hall V, McCaughan J, Reid A, Millar BC, Matsuda M, Moore JE. Molecular conservation within LES9F and PS21 Liverpool epidemic strain (LES) markers in wild-type clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the sputum of adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Br J Biomed Sci 2018; 67:87-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2010.11978193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kakinuma
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - C. E. Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A. Watt
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - J. S. Elborn
- Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Respiratory Medicine, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - Y. Maeda
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine
| | - J. C. Rendall
- Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - V. Hall
- Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - J. McCaughan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kelvin Building, The Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast
| | - A. Reid
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Royal Group of Hospitals, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - B. C. Millar
- Children’s Medical Centre Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - M. Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - J. E. Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Royal Group of Hospitals, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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5
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Macesic N, Hall V, Mahony A, Hueston L, Ng G, Macdonell R, Hughes A, Fitt G, Grayson ML. Acute Flaccid Paralysis: The New, The Old, and The Preventable. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 3:ofv190. [PMID: 26788545 PMCID: PMC4716344 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) has a changing epidemiology with ongoing polio outbreaks and emerging causes such as nonpolio enteroviruses and West Nile virus (WNV). We report a case of AFP from the Horn of Africa that was initially classified as probable polio but subsequently found to be due to WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Macesic
- Departments of Infectious Diseases; Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | | | - A Mahony
- Departments of Infectious Diseases
| | - L Hueston
- Arbovirus Emerging Diseases Unit , Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital , Sydney
| | | | - R Macdonell
- Neurology; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - G Fitt
- Radiology, Austin Health, Melbourne , Australia
| | - M L Grayson
- Departments of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Chase A, Leung W, Tapper W, Jones AV, Knoops L, Rasi C, Forsberg LA, Guglielmelli P, Zoi K, Hall V, Chiecchio L, Eder-Azanza L, Bryant C, Lannfelt L, Docherty L, White HE, Score J, Mackay DJG, Vannucchi AM, Dumanski JP, Cross NCP. Profound parental bias associated with chromosome 14 acquired uniparental disomy indicates targeting of an imprinted locus. Leukemia 2015; 29:2069-74. [PMID: 26114957 PMCID: PMC4687469 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD) is a common finding in myeloid malignancies and typically acts to convert a somatically acquired heterozygous mutation to homozygosity. We sought to identify the target of chromosome 14 aUPD (aUPD14), a recurrent abnormality in myeloid neoplasms and population cohorts of elderly individuals. We identified 29 cases with aUPD14q that defined a minimal affected region (MAR) of 11.2 Mb running from 14q32.12 to the telomere. Exome sequencing (n=7) did not identify recurrently mutated genes, but methylation-specific PCR at the imprinted MEG3-DLK1 locus located within the MAR demonstrated loss of maternal chromosome 14 and gain of paternal chromosome 14 (P<0.0001), with the degree of methylation imbalance correlating with the level of aUPD (r=0.76; P=0.0001). The absence of driver gene mutations in the exomes of three individuals with aUPD14q but no known haematological disorder suggests that aUPD14q may be sufficient to drive clonal haemopoiesis. Analysis of cases with both aUPD14q and JAK2 V617F (n=11) indicated that aUPD14q may be an early event in some cases but a late event in others. We conclude that aUPD14q is a recurrent abnormality that targets an imprinted locus and may promote clonal haemopoiesis either as an initiating event or as a secondary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chase
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - W Leung
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - W Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A V Jones
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Knoops
- Hematology unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Rasi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L A Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Guglielmelli
- Laboratorio Congiunto MMPC, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - K Zoi
- Haematology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V Hall
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Chiecchio
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK
| | - L Eder-Azanza
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK
| | - C Bryant
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Docherty
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H E White
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Score
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D J G Mackay
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A M Vannucchi
- Laboratorio Congiunto MMPC, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - J P Dumanski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N C P Cross
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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7
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McCrum C, Hall V, Moore A. Constructions of crisis: the social interactional functions of catastrophising in accounts of acute and persisting low back pain. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Hall V, Abrahams A, Turbitt D, Cathcart S, Maguire H, Balasegaram S. No evidence of transmission from an acute case of hepatitis A in a foodhandler: follow-up of almost 1,000 potentially exposed individuals, London, United Kingdom, April 2012. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25108536 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.30.20865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in a foodhandler in a London hotel led to a large incident response. We identified three potentially exposed groups: hotel staff who had regularly consumed food prepared by the case and shared toilet facilities with the case, patients who shared the same hospital ward as the case and hotel guests who consumed food prepared by the case. We arranged post-exposure HAV vaccination for all 83 potentially exposed hotel staff and all 17 patients. We emailed 887 guests advising them to seek medical care if symptomatic, but did not advise vaccination as it was too late to be effective for most guests. Through the International Health Regulations national focal points and the European Union Early warning and response system (EWRS), we communicated the details of the incident to public health agencies and potential risk of HAV transmission to international guests. Potentially exposed hotel staff and guests were asked to complete an online or telephone-administered questionnaire 50 days following possible exposure, to identify any secondary cases. Survey response was low, with 155 responses from guests and 33 from hotel staff. We identified no secondary cases of HAV infection through follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hall
- United Kingdom Field Epidemiology Programme, Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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9
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White H, Deprez L, Corbisier P, Hall V, Lin F, Mazoua S, Trapmann S, Aggerholm A, Andrikovics H, Akiki S, Barbany G, Boeckx N, Bench A, Catherwood M, Cayuela JM, Chudleigh S, Clench T, Colomer D, Daraio F, Dulucq S, Farrugia J, Fletcher L, Foroni L, Ganderton R, Gerrard G, Gineikienė E, Hayette S, El Housni H, Izzo B, Jansson M, Johnels P, Jurcek T, Kairisto V, Kizilors A, Kim DW, Lange T, Lion T, Polakova KM, Martinelli G, McCarron S, Merle PA, Milner B, Mitterbauer-Hohendanner G, Nagar M, Nickless G, Nomdedéu J, Nymoen DA, Leibundgut EO, Ozbek U, Pajič T, Pfeifer H, Preudhomme C, Raudsepp K, Romeo G, Sacha T, Talmaci R, Touloumenidou T, Van der Velden VHJ, Waits P, Wang L, Wilkinson E, Wilson G, Wren D, Zadro R, Ziermann J, Zoi K, Müller MC, Hochhaus A, Schimmel H, Cross NCP, Emons H. A certified plasmid reference material for the standardisation of BCR-ABL1 mRNA quantification by real-time quantitative PCR. Leukemia 2014; 29:369-76. [PMID: 25036192 PMCID: PMC4320294 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Serial quantification of BCR–ABL1 mRNA is an important therapeutic indicator in chronic myeloid leukaemia, but there is a substantial variation in results reported by different laboratories. To improve comparability, an internationally accepted plasmid certified reference material (CRM) was developed according to ISO Guide 34:2009. Fragments of BCR–ABL1 (e14a2 mRNA fusion), BCR and GUSB transcripts were amplified and cloned into pUC18 to yield plasmid pIRMM0099. Six different linearised plasmid solutions were produced with the following copy number concentrations, assigned by digital PCR, and expanded uncertainties: 1.08±0.13 × 106, 1.08±0.11 × 105, 1.03±0.10 × 104, 1.02±0.09 × 103, 1.04±0.10 × 102 and 10.0±1.5 copies/μl. The certification of the material for the number of specific DNA fragments per plasmid, copy number concentration of the plasmid solutions and the assessment of inter-unit heterogeneity and stability were performed according to ISO Guide 35:2006. Two suitability studies performed by 63 BCR–ABL1 testing laboratories demonstrated that this set of 6 plasmid CRMs can help to standardise a number of measured transcripts of e14a2 BCR–ABL1 and three control genes (ABL1, BCR and GUSB). The set of six plasmid CRMs is distributed worldwide by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Belgium) and its authorised distributors (https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/reference-materials/catalogue/; CRM code ERM-AD623a-f).
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Affiliation(s)
- H White
- 1] National Genetics Reference Laboratory (Wessex), Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Deprez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
| | - P Corbisier
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
| | - V Hall
- National Genetics Reference Laboratory (Wessex), Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK
| | - F Lin
- 1] National Genetics Reference Laboratory (Wessex), Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S Mazoua
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
| | - S Trapmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
| | - A Aggerholm
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H Andrikovics
- Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Akiki
- Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Barbany
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Genetics Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Boeckx
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, Belgium [2] Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Bench
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory and Haemato-Oncology Diagnostic Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Catherwood
- Haematology Department, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - J-M Cayuela
- Haematology Laboratory and EA3518, University Hospital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - S Chudleigh
- Department of Molecular Haematology, Yorkhill NHS Trust, Glasgow, UK
| | - T Clench
- Molecular Haematology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - D Colomer
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Daraio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Dulucq
- Laboratoire Hematologie, CHU Bordeaux, Hematopoiese Leucemique et Cibles Therapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Universite Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Farrugia
- Combined Laboratories, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - L Fletcher
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - L Foroni
- Imperial Molecular Pathology, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Ganderton
- Molecular Pathology, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - G Gerrard
- Imperial Molecular Pathology, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Gineikienė
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S Hayette
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and UMR5239, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - H El Housni
- Medical Genetics Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Izzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II' of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M Jansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Johnels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Jurcek
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Kairisto
- Turku University Hospital, TYKSLAB, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Turku, Finland
| | - A Kizilors
- Laboratory for Molecular Haemato-Oncology, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - D-W Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - T Lange
- Abteilung für Hämatologie und internistische Onkologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Lion
- Children's Cancer Research Institute/LabDia Labordiagnostik and Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - K M Polakova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S McCarron
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P A Merle
- VU Medical Centre, Department of Haematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Milner
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHS-Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - M Nagar
- Laboratory of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - G Nickless
- Molecular Oncology Diagnostics Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Nomdedéu
- Lab Hematologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D A Nymoen
- Division of Pathology, Rikshospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E O Leibundgut
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Hematology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U Ozbek
- Genetics Department, Institute of Experimental Medicine (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Pajič
- Specialized Haematology Laboratory, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - H Pfeifer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Preudhomme
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - K Raudsepp
- United Laboratories of Tartu University Hospitals, Tartu, Estonia
| | - G Romeo
- Molecular Haematology Laboratory, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - T Sacha
- Hematology Department, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Talmaci
- Hematology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila', Bucharest, Romania
| | - T Touloumenidou
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - P Waits
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - L Wang
- Department of Haematology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - E Wilkinson
- HMDS, Leeds Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - G Wilson
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Wren
- Molecular Diagnostics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - R Zadro
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Ziermann
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - K Zoi
- Haematology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M C Müller
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Hochhaus
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - H Schimmel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
| | - N C P Cross
- 1] National Genetics Reference Laboratory (Wessex), Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Emons
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
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Hall V, Brookes D, Nacul L, Gill ON, Connor N. Managing the risk of iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK. J Hosp Infect 2014; 88:22-7. [PMID: 25082752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in the UK, there is concern about iatrogenic transmission, and the approach to managing this risk is unique. AIM To describe and review CJD incident management and the notification of individuals 'at increased risk' as a strategy for reducing iatrogenic transmission. METHODS A description of iatrogenic CJD transmission, the CJD Incidents Panel's role, the number and nature of CJD incidents reported and the individuals considered 'at increased risk' by mid-2012. FINDINGS Seventy-seven UK cases of CJD are likely to have resulted from iatrogenic transmission, among recipients of human-derived growth hormone (64 cases), dura mater grafts (eight cases), blood transfusions (four cases) and plasma products (one case). To limit transmission, the Panel reviewed 490 incidents and advised on look-backs, recalls of blood and plasma products, and quarantining and disposing of surgical instruments. Additionally, on Panel advice, around 6000 asymptomatic individuals have been informed they are at increased risk of CJD and have been asked to follow public health precautions. CONCLUSION The strategy to reduce iatrogenic transmission of CJD has been developed in a context of scientific uncertainty. The rarity of transmission events could indicate that incident-related exposures present negligible transmission risks, or--given the prolonged incubation and subclinical phenotypes of CJD--infections could be yet to occur or have been undetected. Scientific developments, including better estimates of infection prevalence, a screening test, or improvements in decontaminating surgical instruments, may change future risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hall
- CJD Section, Health Protection Services, Public Health England, London, UK.
| | - D Brookes
- CJD Section, Health Protection Services, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - L Nacul
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - O N Gill
- CJD Section, Health Protection Services, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - N Connor
- CJD Section, Health Protection Services, Public Health England, London, UK
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Brook G, Hall V, Hughes G, Marsh K, Hartley A, Foster R, Crook P, Coyne K, Mercer C, Cassell J. P3.342 Sex and the 2012 Olympics Part 2. Prospective Study of the Impact of Olympic Visitors on Specialist STI Services in London and Weymouth and on STIs Diagnosed. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hall V, Hinrichs K, Lazzari G, Betts DH, Hyttel P. Early embryonic development, assisted reproductive technologies, and pluripotent stem cell biology in domestic mammals. Vet J 2013; 197:128-42. [PMID: 23810186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over many decades assisted reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination, embryo transfer, in vitro production (IVP) of embryos, cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and stem cell culture, have been developed with the aim of refining breeding strategies for improved production and health in animal husbandry. More recently, biomedical applications of these technologies, in particular, SCNT and stem cell culture, have been pursued in domestic mammals in order to create models for human disease and therapy. The following review focuses on presenting important aspects of pre-implantation development in cattle, pigs, horses, and dogs. Biological aspects and impact of assisted reproductive technologies including IVP, SCNT, and culture of pluripotent stem cells are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
This article discusses the role that immunity plays in the risk of diarrhoea and the potential role for probiotics in the management of acute infectious diarrhoea in older people, including antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton.
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Erikstrup LT, Danielsen TKL, Hall V, Olsen KEP, Kristensen B, Kahlmeter G, Fuursted K, Justesen US. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Clostridium difficile using EUCAST epidemiological cut-off values and disk diffusion correlates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E266-72. [PMID: 22672504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of reduced susceptibility of Clostridium difficile to metronidazole and vancomycin the value of antimicrobial susceptibility testing has increased. The aim of our study was to evaluate disk diffusion for susceptibility testing of C. difficile by comparing disk diffusion results with MICs from gradient tests and to propose zone diameter breakpoint correlates for the EUCAST epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) recently published. We tested 211 clinical isolates of C. difficile, from patients with diarrhoea hospitalized at Aarhus and Odense University Hospitals, Denmark. Furthermore, ten clinical isolates of C. difficile from the Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, University Hospital of Wales, with known reduced susceptibility to either metronidazole or vancomycin, were included. Isolates were tested with Etest gradient strips and disk diffusion towards metronidazole, vancomycin and moxifloxacin on Brucella Blood Agar supplemented with hemin and vitamin K. We found an excellent agreement between inhibition zone diameter and MICs. For each MIC value, the inhibition zones varied from 0 to 8 mm, with 93% of values within 6 mm for metronidazole, 95% of values within 4 mm for vancomycin, and 98% of values within 4 mm for moxifloxacin. With proposed zone diameter breakpoints for metronidazole, vancomycin and moxifloxacin of WT ≥ 23 mm, WT ≥ 19 and WT ≥ 20 mm, respectively, we found no very major errors and only major errors below 2%. In conclusion, we suggest that disk diffusion is an option for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Goodfellow LR, Batra G, Hall V, McHale E, Heazell AEP. A case of confined placental mosaicism with double trisomy associated with stillbirth. Placenta 2011; 32:699-703. [PMID: 21733574 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of stillbirth in which the fetus was well grown and karyotypically normal, but the placenta was morphologically abnormal and had confined placental mosaicism (CPM) for a double trisomy of chromosomes 12 and 15. A compilation of published cases of CPM reveals that whilst approximately 80% of pregnancies progress normally, there is an association with abnormal placental morphology, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal abnormalities and stillbirth. This case highlights the potential adverse effects of CPM and the benefit of placental examination in determining the cause of stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Goodfellow
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
| | - G Batra
- Department of Paediatric and Perinatal Pathology, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - V Hall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Macclesfield District General Hospital, Macclesfield, UK
| | - E McHale
- Department of Cytogenetics, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Jacobs K, Foley G, Punnett L, Hall V, Gore R, Brownson E, Ansong E, Markowitz J, McKinnon M, Steinberg S, Ing A, Wuest E, Dibiccari L. University students' notebook computer use: lessons learned using e-diaries to report musculoskeletal discomfort. Ergonomics 2011; 54:206-219. [PMID: 21294018 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2010.544764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this pilot study was to identify if notebook accessories (ergonomic chair, desktop monitor and notebook riser) combined with a wireless keyboard, mouse and participatory ergonomics training would have the greatest impact on reducing self-reported upper extremity musculoskeletal discomfort in university students. In addition to pre-post computing and health surveys, the Ecological Momentary Assessment was used to capture change in discomfort over time using a personal digital assistant (PDA) as the e-diary. The PDA was programmed with a survey containing 45 questions. Four groups of university students were randomised to either intervention (three external computer accessories) or to control. Participants reported less discomfort with the ergonomic chair and notebook riser based on the pre-post survey data and the e-diary/PDA ANOVA analysis. However, the PDA data, adjusted for the effect of hours per day of computer use, showed no benefit of the chair and limited benefit from the riser. Statement of Relevance:University students' use of notebook computers has increased. This study found evidence of a positive effect of an adjustable chair or notebook riser when combined with ergonomic training on reducing discomfort. Daily notebook computer use of 4 h was confirmed as a risk factor. Without some form of ergonomic intervention, these students are likely to enter the workforce with poor computing habits, which places them on the road to future injuries as technology continues to play a dominant role in their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jacobs
- Boston University Sargent College, Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston, MA, USA.
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Gao Y, Hall V, Hyttel P. 100 GLOBAL H3K27me3 IS DISTINCT IN THE PORCINE EPIBLAST AND TROPHECTODERM AND IS POTENTIALLY CORRELATED TO X-INACTIVATION IN FEMALE EMBRYOS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv23n1ab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development in mammals, the first cell fate decision occurs at the morula stage, which leads to the establishment of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). At this point of development, differential patterns of gene expression and epigenetic marks are observed within these two lineages. The ICM later differentiates to form the epiblast. Previous reports suggest that the distinct patterns of expression might be substantially regulated by epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and post-transcriptional modifications. In this study, we examined the global H3K27me3 distribution, as well as the expression levels of H3K27me3 specific methyltransferases and XIST in the epiblast and TE of Day 10 in vivo porcine embryos. A total of 33 embryos were collected by non-surgical flushing from inseminated, and later, culled sows. The embryos were sexed by PCR (sequences of ZFX (X chromosome) and SRY (Y chromosome) genes were amplified by PCR using primers) because the H3K27me3 has been associated with X chromosome inactivation. For immunocytochemistry, a small piece of TE was removed before fixation and analysed for sexing by PCR. For comparative RT-PCR studies, embryos were mechanically separated, sexed, and then later pooled as male or female epiblast and TE (male = 6, female = 8). Global H3K27me3 was analysed by immunocytochemistry in 11 male and 8 female Day 10 embryos. Expression of methylases (EZH2, EED and SUZ12, three core components of PRC2), demethylases (JMJD3 and UTX) of H3K27me3, and XIST was performed on the pooled epiblasts and pooled TE. Expression levels were normalized to the reference gene, GAPDH, and was further normalized to Day 9 embryos. Our results show that high nuclear expression of H3K27me3 was observed in both male and female TE cells, with little to no observable expression in the epiblast. However, a single, small, punctate spot could be detected within the nuclei of the female epiblast and TE. XIST, a non-coding RNA associated with the initiation of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), was observed to be highly expressed in the female epiblast and TE, which suggests H3K27me3 punctate spots that presented in female epiblast or TE are potentially expressed on the inactive X chromosomes. We also detected higher expression of the H3K27me3 methylase (EZH2) and the methylase cofactors (EED, SUZ12) in both male and female TE. Of interest, EED expression was higher in the female epiblast and TE compared to the male epiblast and TE. This suggests that EED may play an important role in the initiation of XCI. The expression of H3K27me3 demethylases JMJD3 and UTX, were also higher in the TE compared to the epiblast, which indicates the trimethylation of H3K27 in the embryos is a dynamic process. We suggest that no, or extremely low, H3K27me3 in the porcine epiblast might be required for the cells to program gene expression towards different cell fates upon differentiation and the enrichment of H3K27me3 in the TE of Day 10 porcine embryos might reinforce the commitment towards the TE lineage.
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Moore K, Hall V, Paull A, Morris T, Brown S, McCulloch D, Richardson MC, Harding KG. Surface bacteriology of venous leg ulcers and healing outcome. J Clin Pathol 2010; 63:830-4. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2010.077032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gao Y, Hall V, Hyttel P. 127 REGULATION OF H3K27me3 AND H3K4me3 DURING INITIAL PORCINE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv22n1ab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During mammalian development, gene expression is partly regulated by posttranslational modifications of histones. In particular, H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 are involved in transcriptional repression and activation, respectively. In this study, we examined the global levels of H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, as well as the expression levels of their specific methylases and demethylases during porcine pre-implantation embryonic development. Global histone methylation was analyzed by immunocytochemical quantification within in vivo porcine embryos at 1-cell (Day 1), 4-cell (Day 3), morula (Day 5), and late blastocyst (containing the epiblast; Day 9). The numbers of embryos analyzed for H3K27me3 at the 1-cell, 4-cell, morula, and late blastocyst stage were 7, 8, 6, and 5, respectively, and for H3K4me3 at these four stages were 7, 6, 6, and 5, respectively. At the same developmental stages, mRNA expression of methylases (EZH2, EED, and SUZ12, three core components of PRC2) and demethylases (JMJD3 and UTX) of H3K27me3 was performed on pooled embryos (n = 10), as well as expression of methylases (MLL1 and ASH1L) and demethylase (RBP2) of H3K4me3, by comparative RT-PCR. Expression was compared with pooled embryos from the limb bud stage (Day 21). GAPDH was used as the reference gene, and expression was normalized to Day 21 embryos. Our results show that the levels of global histone methylation of H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 decrease gradually from 1-cell to morula, but both were increased in late blastocysts. The levels of H3K27me3 methylase (EZH2, EED, and SUZ12) transcripts increased from 1-cell to late blastocyst stage. Low expression of the H3K27me3 demethylase JMJD3 was found at 1-cell stage and high expression at the 4-cell stage from when it decreased gradually to the late blastocyst. UTX expression was low but peaked at the 4-cell stage. Expression of H3K4me3 methylase MLL1, was low, whereas ASH1L expression was high at the 4-cell stage. RBP2, a demethylase of H3K4me3, was highly expressed at the late blastocyst stage. In conclusion, at the major genome activation (the 4-cell stage), H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 have decreased to moderate levels, which apparently balance each other with respect to gene repression and activation allowing for genome activation. At the 4-cell stage the activation of H3K4me3 is favored as a consequence of low levels of H3K27 methylases and high levels of H3K27 demethylases combined with high levels of H3K4 methylases and low levels of H3K4 demethylases. Interestingly, at the late blastocyst stage of development, high expression of H3K27me3 methylases and the H3K4me3 demethylase, RBP2, are observed, indicating repression of gene expression, which is counterintuitive to accelerating development. We speculate other factors, such as microRNA or other kinds of epigenetic mechanisms, might play a critical role at this developmental stage. Thus, further research is required to explain these phenomena occurred during early porcine development.
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Tolland J, Boyle J, Hall V, McKenna K, Elborn J. Aquagenic Wrinkling of the Palms in an Adult Cystic Fibrosis Population. Dermatology 2010; 221:326-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000319754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on whether the phenotype of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with compound heterozygocity for G551D (Gly551Asp) differs from patients with F508del (Phe508del) homozygous mutations is divergent. AIM We hypothesized that CF patients with the G551D mutation would have less severe disease than F508del homozygotes. DESIGN We compared the clinical phenotype of adult patients with a G551D mutation with adult patients homozygous for F508del and those with the missense mutation R117H (Arg117His). Compound heterozygotes for the G551D and R117H were analysed separately. METHODS Data were collected for 101 adult CF patients. Group 1-4 represents in order F508del homozygote patients (n = 61), those with the G551D mutation and a more severe mutation (n = 13), those with R117H mutation and a more severe mutation (n = 23) and also those compound for both the R117H and G551D mutations (n = 4). RESULTS Our findings have shown that adult patients with the G551D mutation and a second severe mutation have a milder clinical phenotype than F508del homozygous adult patients. Higher FEV(1) and body mass index and less impaired glucose tolerance was demonstrated in the patients with G551D and R117H compared to F508del homozygotes. There was a reduced yearly rate of decline of FEV(1) (P < 0.05), infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa along with reduced burden of care. Compound heterozygosity for G551D and R117H mutations was associated with normal spirometry, body mass index, no chronic infection and no symptoms. CONCLUSION Mutations on different chromosomes are not independent of each other for the overall impact on the amount of functional CFTR. This study suggests that patients with the G551D mutation and a second severe mutation have a milder clinical phenotype than F508del homozygous patients, but the phenotype is not as mild as patients with the R117H mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Comer
- Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, N Ireland, Antrim BT9 7AB, UK
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Tiekink ERT, Hall V, Buntine M, Hook J. Examination of the effect of crystal packing forces on geometric parameters: a combined crystallographic and theoretical study of 2,2'-bipyridyl adducts of R2SnCl2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2000.215.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structure determinations on a series of R2SnCl2(bipy)[bipy is 2,2'-bipyridyl] compounds show that these adopt a common structural motif in the solid-state with the Sn-bound organic substituents occupying mutually trans positions in a distorted octahedral geometry. A comparison of the experimental Sn–Cl and Sn–N bond distances with the moderated (i.e. by changing the nature of R) Lewis acidities of the tin atoms shows a general correlation, i.e. longer distances with decreasing Lewis acidity, but with a relatively large spread of values. In order to examine the role of crystal packing effects on the derived geometric parameters, gas-phase structures for these compounds have been modeled employing ab initio molecular orbital theory. These calculations showed that within individual compounds the two Sn–Cl distances are equal as are the two Sn–N distances, in contrast to the solid-state results. Further, a better correlation between the Sn–Cl and Sn–N bond distances and the Lewis acidity of the tin atom was found. These key results are attributed to the influence of crystal packing forces on the geometric parameters about the tin center in the solid-state.
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Oestrup O, Hall V, Petkov SG, Wolf XA, Hyldig S, Hyttel P. From Zygote to Implantation: Morphological and Molecular Dynamics during Embryo Development in the Pig. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44 Suppl 3:39-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Comer D, Rendall J, Hall V, Ennis M, Elborn J. Clinical phenotype for the G551D mutation. J Cyst Fibros 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sabir-Ali A, Rusek R, Biskup M, Strydom C, Brazier J, Morris T, Way A, Hall V, Patel B. The Clostridium difficile surveillance program in London England. J Infect 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2007.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Singha N, Brown M, Brown G, Hall V, Olver I. P137 Assessment of parameters of response to combined modality treatment of locally advanced breast cancer. Breast 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(07)70197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ruddock N, Wilson K, Cooney M, Tecirlioglu R, Hall V, French A, Holland M. 68 GENE EXPRESSION COMPARISONS BETWEEN BOVINE IN VIVO AND CLONED EMBRYOS PRODUCED BY THREE DIFFERENT METHODS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv18n2ab68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental pathways in the mammalian embryo are profoundly influenced by the epigenetic interaction of the environment and the genome. Loss of epigenetic control has been implicated in aberrant gene expression and altered imprinting patterns with consequence to the physiology and viability of the conceptus. Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is contingent on in vitro culture, and both SCNT and culture conditions are known to induce changes in embryonic gene expression patterns. Using these experimental models, this study compared gene expression of Day 7 cloned blastocysts created from three different SCNT protocols using the same cell line, with Day 7 in vivo blastocysts to elucidate mechanisms responsible for variations in phenotypic outcomes. SCNT methods included: (1) traditional SCNT by subzonal injection (SI); (2) handmade cloning (HMC); and (3) modified serial nuclear transfer (SNT), developed within the group. Four imprinted genes (Grb10, Ndn, Nnat, and Ube3a), four chromatin remodeling genes (Cbx1, Cbx3, Smarca4, and Smarcb1) and two genes implicated in polycystic liver disease (Prkcsh and Sec63) were analyzed in single blastocysts from each treatment (n = 5). All blastocysts expressed Actin, Oct-4 and Ifn-tau. All genes were sequence verified. Several genes were expressed ubiquitously across all groups, including Ndn, Ube3a, Cbx1, Cbx3, and Smarcb1. Interestingly, Grb10 was not expressed in two HMCs and one SNT blastocyst. Nnat was weakly expressed in one in vivo blastocyst and in the majority of cloned blastocysts in all groups. Prkcsh and Sec63 were expressed in all but one HMC blastocyst. While gene expression patterns were mostly maintained following SCNT, the imprinted genes Nnat and Grb10 showed instances of differential or abnormal expression in SCNT embryos. The chromatin remodeling genes were maintained in all SCNT treatments. Prkcsh and Sec63 were both absent in one HMC blastocyst, with implications for liver dysfunction, a condition previously reported in abnormal cloned offspring. The variable mRNA expression following SCNT provides an insight into genetic and environmental factors controlling implantation, placentation, organ formation, and fetal growth.
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Hall V, Compton D, Stojkovic P, Nesbitt M, Herbert M, Murdoch A, Stojkovic M. 36 DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF HUMAN AGED OOCYTES AS HOST CELLS FOR NUCLEAR TRANSFER. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv18n2ab36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of aged metaphase II oocytes (cultured in vitro for more than 14 h) for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in varying species has resulted in lower developmental outcomes compared with non-aged in vitro- or in vivo-matured oocytes. However, due to limited resources of fresh oocytes for the derivation of nuclear transfer stem cell lines, further investigation in using spare oocytes is required. Aged spare oocytes (48 h post oocyte retrieval) were consigned for research (under HFEA and local ethics approval) by couples undergoing either in vitro fertilization (failed IVF oocytes, f-IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (failed-ICSI oocytes, f-ICSI) treatments. Aged oocytes were randomly assigned for double-labeling immunocytochemical analysis (f-IVF, n = 10; f-ICSI, n = 7) for the microtubule markers, NuMA and �-tubulin, or parthenogenetic activation. Immunocytochemical analysis was performed as previously described (Chatzimeletiou et al. 2005 Hum. Reprod. 20, 672-682) using primary anti-rabbit NuMA (gift from D. Compton, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA) and anti-mouse DM1-�. Secondary antibodies were donkey anti-rabbit and anti-mouse immunoglobulins. Oocytes were counterstained with Hoechst 33342. Negative controls were performed as above with blocking solution substituting for primary antibodies. Parthenogenetic activation was performed for 4 h using 10 �M calcium ionophore (5 min) and 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (Ca-I/DMAP) for f-IVF (n = 10) and f-ICSI oocytes (n = 11) or 10 �g/mL puromycin (Ca-I/Pur) for f-IVF (n = 12) and f-ICSI oocytes (n = 10) (4 h). Activated oocytes were cultured in a biphasic system, G1.3" and G2.3" (Vitrolife UK, Ltd., Ediburgh, Lothian, UK) for 5 days at 37 �C in 5% CO2 in humidified air. NuMA was localized to the metaphase spindle in 6/10 (60%) and 7/7 (100%) oocytes for f-IVF and f-ICSI, respectively, and/or in cytoplasmic cytasters. One f-IVF oocyte and four f-ICSI oocytes had visible tetrapolar spindles. Unusual patterns of diffuse NuMA staining containing dense foci within these regions, but not associated with the cytasters or metaphase spindle, were also observed in two f-IVF oocytes. The majority of oocytes displayed ring-like staining of DM1-�, which was aberrant in two f-ICSI oocytes. Parthenogenetic development was poor for both treatments. Cleavage rates were 17% and 20% for f-IVF using Ca-I/PUR and Ca-I/DMAP, respectively, and 40% and 45% for f-ICSI using Ca-I/PUR and Ca-I/DMAP, respectively. Fragmentation rates were high across all treatments. No parthenogenetic embryos developed beyond the 6-cell stage. Thus, the use of aged human oocytes for SCNT may be difficult due to their incapacity to artificially activate using current activation protocols and, in addition, due to the microtubule abnormalities observed in many of these aged oocytes.
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Stevenson MR, Hart PM, Chakravarthy U, Mackenzie G, Bird AC, Owens SL, Chisholm IH, Hall V, Houston RF, McCulloch DW, Plowman N. Visual functioning and quality of life in the SubFoveal Radiotherapy Study (SFRADS): SFRADS report 2. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:1045-51. [PMID: 16024863 PMCID: PMC1772760 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2003.030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether or not self reported visual functioning and quality of life in patients with choroidal neovascularisation caused by age related macular degeneration (AMD) is better in those treated with 12 Gy external beam radiotherapy in comparison with untreated subjects. METHODS A multicentre single masked randomised controlled trial of 12 Gy of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) delivered as 6 x 2 Gy fractions to the macula of an affected eye versus observation. Patients with AMD, aged 60 years or over, in three UK hospital units, who had subfoveal CNV and a visual acuity equal to or better than 6/60 (logMAR 1.0). METHODS Data from 199 eligible participants who were randomly assigned to 12 Gy teletherapy or observation were available for analysis. Visual function assessment, ophthalmic examination, and fundus fluorescein angiography were undertaken at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after study entry. To assess patient centred outcomes, subjects were asked to complete the Daily Living Tasks Dependent on Vision (DLTV) and the SF-36 questionnaires at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months after enrolment to the study. Cross sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted using arm of study as grouping variable. Regression analysis was employed to adjust for the effect of baseline co-variates on outcome at 12 months and 24 months. RESULTS Both control and treated subjects had significant losses in visual functioning as seen by a progressive decline in mean scores in the four dimensions of the DLTV. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment and control subjects in any of dimensions of the DLTV at 12 months or 24 months after study entry. Regression analysis confirmed that treatment status had no effect on the change in DLTV dimensional scores. CONCLUSIONS The small benefits noted in clinical measures of vision in treated eyes did not translate into better self reported visual functioning in patients who received treatment when compared with the control arm. These findings have implications for the design of future clinical trials and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Stevenson
- Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Royal Hospitals, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
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Smith AJ, Hall V, Thakker B, Gemmell CG. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Actinomyces species with 12 antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 56:407-9. [PMID: 15972310 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess the susceptibility of human clinical isolates of Actinomyces species to 12 antimicrobial agents. METHODS Human clinical isolates of Actinomyces spp. were collected from stored collections held at the Microbiology Department, Edinburgh University, Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, Cardiff, Glasgow Dental Hospital and Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Each isolate was identified by restriction analysis of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA. MICs of 12 antibiotics comprising benzyl penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, tetracycline, deoxycycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam for 87 strains of Actinomyces species were obtained by Etest methodology. RESULTS The Actinomyces species identified for this study comprised: Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae, Actinomyces turicensis, Actinomyces funkei, Actinomyces graevenitzii and Actinomyces europaeus. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin and amoxicillin. All but one strain of A. turicensis was susceptible to linezolid. A number of A. europaeus and A. graevenitzii isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone and piperacillin/tazobactam. A number of isolates of A. turicensis and A. europaeus also demonstrated resistance to erythromycin. All Actinomyces species tested appeared resistant to ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS Actinomyces species appear to be susceptible to a wide range of beta-lactam agents and these, when combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors, should be regarded as agents of first choice. Ciprofloxacin performed poorly. Tetracyclines also demonstrated poor performance. This is the first study of antimicrobial susceptibilities for a number of accurately identified clinical isolates of Actinomyces spp. There are a number of species differences in susceptibility profiles to the antimicrobials tested, suggesting that accurate identification and speciation may have an impact on clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Smith
- Infection Research Group, Glasgow Dental Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Moore JE, McIlhatton B, Buchanan J, Gilpin D, Shaw A, Hall V, Murphy PG, Elborn JS. Occurrence of Burkholderia cepacia in the hospital environment. Ir J Med Sci 2005; 171:131-3. [PMID: 15736349 DOI: 10.1007/bf03170498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of Burkholderia cepacia from the environment in a regional adult cystic fibrosis (CF) care centre. METHODS Two hundred and eighty-five environmental samples were taken from inpatient and outpatient environments within the CF centre. Following a non-selective enrichment step, broths were plated onto a selective medium and B. cepacia isolates were confirmed by phenotypic tests and also genotypically by species specific 16S rRNA PCR. RESULTS B. cepacia was not detected from commonly shared items of equipment, staff hands, staff uniforms or toilets. In addition, the organism was not detected in toilet bowls, even in the B. cepacia unit. With regard to positive environments for B. cepacia, 4/10 (40%) of the outside surfaces and inner rims of patients' plastic disposable sputum collection containers and 4/17 (23.5%) of air from patients' rooms, following physiotherapy, were positive. CONCLUSIONS All positive samples originated in the B. cepacia segregation area of the inpatient wards and B. cepacia was not detected in the non-cepacia area of the CF centre. Consequently, these two positive sites should therefore be treated as high risk, where organisms may be potentially transmitted from environment to patient. As there is now evidence to suggest differences in the virulence and hence clinical outcome of certain of the genomovars of this organism, this study may be important in highlighting the areas that patients who are B. cepacia positive should avoid, to minimise the risk of transmission and acquisition of this organism within the CF cepacia population. These results indicate that effective infection control procedures are required in patients' rooms following physiotherapy, for prevention of B. cepacia transmission and to avoid the transmission of different genomovar types within CF patients, who are already colonised with this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Northern Ireland.
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Hall V, Ruddock N, Tecirlioglu R, Cooney M, French A. 220 AN EXPRESSION PROFILE OF GENES CRUCIAL FOR PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN SINGLE IN VIVO, IN VITRO AND CLONED BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv17n2ab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of the placenta are a major factor contributing to early death in cloned bovine conceptuses. This is primarily due to incomplete chromatin remodeling and reprogramming of the donor nucleus. It is unknown whether genetic aberrations of genes crucial for placental development can be detected in pre-implantation cloned bovine embryos. This study looked at the expression profile of four genes in single bovine blastocysts derived from in vivo, in vitro produced (IVP), or cloning techniques, including handmade cloning (HMC) and serial HMC (SHMC). The genes studied included acrogranin, caudal type homeobox 2 (cdx2), estrogen-receptor-related receptor beta (essrb), and the mammalian relative of DnaJ (MRJ). These genes play a role in trophoblast regulation and placental development. Messenger RNA expression was analyzed by using PCR following cDNA amplification by means of SMART cDNA synthesis (Clontech, Palo alto, CA, USA). Primers were designed from homologous human and mouse sequence. PCR products were sequenced for verification. Five single blastocysts were analyzed from each of the following treatments: in vivo, IVP, HMC, and SHMC. Pooled (n = 10) IVP blastocyst cDNA produced by standard RT was used as a positive control. Grade 1 Day 7 blastocysts were selected for all treatments. Amplified cDNA was tested using control genes polyA, IFN-τ and GDF9. In vitro-produced embryos were matured, fertilized and cultured as published by Ruddock et al. (2004 Biol. Reprod. 70, 1131). Cloned HMC embryos were produced as described by Tecirlioglu et al. (2003 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 15, 361). Serial HMC embryos were produced as per the HMC embryos, followed by a second round of nuclear transfer at the pronuclear stage. The pooled IVP, in vivo, and IVP blastocysts expressed all four genes of interest. In the HMC-cloned embryos, all four genes were expressed. However, in the SHMC cloned embryos, although MRJ was found to be expressed in all blastocysts, three of the five blastocysts did not express acrogranin. Similarly, two SHMC embryos did not express cdx2, and essrb was weakly expressed in three of the five embryos analyzed. Initial pregnancy rates of HMC and SHMC embryo transfers are similar. Further pregnancy results are pending. These results indicate that aberrations of genes crucial for placental development can be detected in single cloned blastocysts. It also suggests that failed implantation and/or placental defects may stem from patterned genetic defects in the pre-implantation embryo. An increase in the number of embryos analyzed would further strengthen results. These genes could act as markers to identify cloning techniques that produce more embryos with normal genetic profiles. The benefits of developing a screening tool to assess abnormalities in single pre-implantation embryos would be significant.
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Brazier JS, Gal M, Hall V, Morris TE. Outbreak of Clostridium histolyticum infections in injecting drug users in England and Scotland. Euro Surveill 2004; 9:15-6. [PMID: 15381836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridial infections in injecting drug users in the United Kingdom are a relatively new phenomenon that came to light in 2000 when cases of serious illness and deaths due to Clostridium novyi were recorded. In the period December 2003 to April 2004, the Anaerobe Reference Laboratory received twelve referrals of an extremely rare isolate, Clostridium histolyticum, from cases of infection in injecting drug users submitted from nine different hospitals in England and Scotland. Molecular typing of these isolates by two different methods of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR ribotyping revealed they are all indistinguishable, indicating a common source of the infections, most probably a batch of heroin that was recently distributed across the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Brazier
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service of Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Clostridial infections in injecting drug users in the United Kingdom are a relatively new phenomenon that came to light in 2000 when cases of serious illness and deaths due to Clostridium novyi were recorded. In the period December 2003 to April 2004, the Anaerobe Reference Laboratory received twelve referrals of an extremely rare isolate, Clostridium histolyticum, from cases of infection in injecting drug users submitted from nine different hospitals in England and Scotland. Molecular typing of these isolates by two different methods of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR ribotyping revealed they are all indistinguishable, indicating a common source of the infections, most probably a batch of heroin that was recently distributed across the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Brazier
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service of Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - M Gal
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service of Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - V Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service of Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - T E Morris
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service of Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Naylor KE, Rogers A, Fraser RB, Hall V, Eastell R, Blumsohn A. Serum osteoprotegerin as a determinant of bone metabolism in a longitudinal study of human pregnancy and lactation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:5361-5. [PMID: 14602774 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble decoy receptor that inhibits bone resorption by binding to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand. Murine studies suggest that OPG is elevated in pregnancy, but its role in human pregnancy is unknown. We evaluated the relationship among OPG, bone turnover, and bone density in a longitudinal study of planned human pregnancy and lactation (n = 17; age, 20-36 yr). Samples were collected before conception; at 16, 26, and 36 wk gestation; and at 2 and 12 wk postpartum. Indexes of bone resorption included serum beta C-terminal and urinary N-terminal (uNTX) telopeptides of type I collagen. OPG increased by 110 +/- 16% (mean +/- SEM) at 36 wk (P < 0.001), followed by a rapid postpartum decline in both lactating and nonlactating women. Bone resorption was elevated at 36 wk (serum beta C-terminal telopeptides by 76 +/- 17%; urinary N-terminal telopeptides by 219 +/- 41%; P < 0.001). The tissue source of OPG in pregnancy is unknown. Human breast milk contains large amounts of OPG (162 +/- 58 ng/ml in milk vs. 0.42 +/- 0.03 ng/ml in nonpregnant serum). However, the rapid postpartum decline in serum OPG and the low serum OPG in neonates suggest a placental source. There was no correlation between change in OPG and bone turnover or bone mineral density (P > 0.05), and the physiological importance of elevated OPG in human pregnancy remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Naylor
- Bone Metabolism Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU
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Brazier JS, Hall V, Morris TE, Gal M, Duerden BI. Antibiotic susceptibilities of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci: results of a sentinel study in England and Wales. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52:224-8. [PMID: 12837734 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkg316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A sentinel study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) freshly isolated from clinical material in diagnostic laboratories in England and Wales. METHODS A total of 113 GPAC isolates consisting predominantly of current or former members of the genus Peptostreptococcus was obtained from 17 sentinel laboratories in England and one in Wales. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 10 antimicrobial agents were determined by the Etest method. The agents tested were: penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, co-amoxiclav, piperacillin/tazobactam and metronidazole. MIC50 and MIC90 values for each drug-species combination were calculated whenever suitable numbers of each species were obtained. RESULTS Excellent spectra of activity (0% resistance) against GPAC were seen for metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoxitin, imipenem and chloramphenicol. Low degrees of resistance to co-amoxiclav (3.5%), clindamycin (7.1%), penicillin (7.1%) and significant degrees of resistance to tetracycline (41.6%) and erythromycin (27.4%) were detected. Some examples of putative macrolide-lincosamide linked resistance were noted in seven (6.2%) isolates of GPAC. CONCLUSION This study is one of the largest susceptibility studies specifically on GPAC carried out to date and the resulting data may be of value to those involved in the empirical treatment of infections involving Gram-positive anaerobic cocci.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Brazier
- National Public Health Service Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK.
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Mainwaring CJ, Naylor E, Jerwood S, Hall V, Page A, James CM. Superior venocaval obstruction secondary to central venous catheter-related thromboses in two patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma receiving weekly 5-flurouracil. Should adjusted-dose warfarin be used as thromboprophylaxis? Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2002; 13:749-53. [PMID: 12441915 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200212000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (MCC) involves treatment with weekly 5-flurouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy by continuous infusion, requiring the insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC). One of the main complications of CVCs is venous thromboembolic disease (VTE), with an incidence varying between 3 and 54% in different studies. During the past 14 months, 17 patients with MCC have been treated weekly with 5-FU in our unit, comprising 11 males and six females with a mean age of 60 years (range, 49-72 years). Thromboprophylaxis for all patients included 1 mg/day warfarin unless contraindicated. Three patients developed venography-confirmed CVC-related VTE, including two cases of occlusive superior venocaval VTE. All three patients were treated with intravenous thrombolytic drugs; two responded completely and one partially. We wonder whether the incidence of CVC-related VTE may be reduced further by using adjusted-dose warfarin rather than fixed low-dose warfarin. However, one has to be guarded because of the greater risk of bleeding with more intensive anticoagulation, especially in patients with liver metastases. Ongoing studies such as the warfarin prophylaxis study are essential to determine the safety and efficacy of different approaches in order to determine the optimum thromboprophylaxis for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Mainwaring
- Department of Haematology, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK.
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Hill KE, Davies CE, Wilson MJ, Stephens P, Lewis MAO, Hall V, Brazier J, Thomas DW. Heterogeneity within the gram-positive anaerobic cocci demonstrated by analysis of 16S-23S intergenic ribosomal RNA polymorphisms. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51:949-957. [PMID: 12448679 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-11-949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptostreptococci are gram-positive, strictly anaerobic bacteria which, although regarded as members of the commensal human microflora, are also frequently isolated from sites of clinical infection. The study of this diverse group of opportunist pathogens has been hindered by an inadequate taxonomy and the lack of a valid identification scheme. Recent re-classification of the Peptostreptococcus family into five distinct genus groups has helped to clarify the situation. However, this has been on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence determinations, which are both time-consuming and expensive. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of PCR-amplified ribosomal DNA spacer polymorphisms for the rapid differentiation of the currently recognised taxa within the group of anaerobic gram-positive cocci. A collection comprising 19 reference strains with representatives of each of the 15 species, two close relatives and two of the well-characterised groups, together with 38 test strains was studied. All strains were identified to species group level by phenotypic means. Amplification of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (ISR) with universal primers produced distinct banding patterns for all the 19 reference strains and the patterns could be differentiated easily visually. However, of the 38 test strains, less than half could be speciated from ISR analysis alone. Only five groups produced correlating banding patterns for all members tested (Peptoniphilus lacrimalis, P. ivorii, Anaerococcus octavius, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Micromonas micros). For other species, either the type strain differed significantly from other species members (e.g., A. hydrogenalis) or there appeared to be considerable intra-species variation (e.g., A. vaginalis). Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences for the 'trisimilis' and 'betaGAL' groups showed that both are most closely related to the Anaerococcus group. This work highlights the heterogeneous nature of a number of Peptostreptococcus species and hence the need for still further revision of the taxonomy of this important group of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - V Hall
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology and *PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and PHL, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XY
| | - J Brazier
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology and *PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and PHL, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XY
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Brazier JS, Duerden BI, Hall V, Salmon JE, Hood J, Brett MM, McLAUCHLIN J, George RC. Isolation and identification of Clostridium spp. from infections associated with the injection of drugs: experiences of a microbiological investigation team. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51:985-989. [PMID: 12448683 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-11-985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic species of the genus Clostridium may contaminate the materials used in the injection of drugs and under the right conditions may cause serious or life-threatening disease. C. novyi type A was implicated in an outbreak of severe infection with high mortality in injecting drug users who injected heroin extravascularly. The isolation of such highly oxygen-sensitive clostridia from clinical material may require adherence to enhanced methods and, once isolated, commercially available anaerobe identification kits alone may not give an accurate identification. Additional phenotypic tests that are useful in recognising the main pathogenic species are described. Differentiation of C. novyi type A from C. botulinum type C in reference laboratories was based on 16S rDNA sequence data and specific neutralisation of cytopathic effects in tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J Hood
- PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, *Department of Microbiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, †Food Safety Microbiology Laboratory and ‡Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5DF
| | - M M Brett
- PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, *Department of Microbiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, †Food Safety Microbiology Laboratory and ‡Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5DF
| | - J McLAUCHLIN
- PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, *Department of Microbiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, †Food Safety Microbiology Laboratory and ‡Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5DF
| | - R C George
- PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, *Department of Microbiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, †Food Safety Microbiology Laboratory and ‡Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5DF
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Hart PM, Chakravarthy U, Mackenzie G, Chisholm IH, Bird AC, Stevenson MR, Owens SL, Hall V, Houston RF, McCulloch DW, Plowman N. Visual outcomes in the subfoveal radiotherapy study: a randomized controlled trial of teletherapy for age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 2002; 120:1029-38. [PMID: 12149056 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.120.8.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether teletherapy with 6-mV photons can reduce visual loss in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. DESIGN A multicenter, single-masked, randomized controlled trial of 12 Gy of external beam radiation therapy delivered to the macula of an affected eye vs observation only. SETTING Three United Kingdom-based hospital units. PARTICIPANTS Patients with age-related macular degeneration, aged 60 years and older, who had subfoveal choroidal neovascularization and a visual acuity of 20/200 (logMAR 1.0) or better. METHODS Two hundred three patients were randomly assigned to radiotherapy or observation. Treatment was undertaken at designated radiotherapy centers, and patients assigned to the treatment group received a total dosage of 12 Gy of 6-mV photons in 6 fractions. Follow-up was scheduled at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. After excluding protocol violators, the data from 199 patients were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was mean loss of distance visual acuity in the study eye at 12 and 24 months. Other outcome variables analyzed were near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. The proportions of patients losing 3 or more or 6 or more lines of distance and near acuity and 0.3 or more or 0.6 or more log units of contrast sensitivity at each follow-up were also analyzed. RESULTS At all time points, mean distance visual acuity was better in the radiotherapy-treated group than in the control group, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. At 24 months, analysis of the proportions of patients with loss of 3 or more (moderate) (P =.08) or 6 or more (severe) (P =.29) lines of distance vision showed that fewer treated patients had severe losses, but there was no statistically significant difference between groups. For near visual acuity, although there was no evidence of treatment benefit at 12 and 24 months, a significant difference in favor of treatment was present at 6 months (P =.048). When analyzed by the proportions of patients losing 3 lines of contrast sensitivity, there was a significant difference in favor of treatment at 24 months (P =.02). No adverse retinal effects were observed during the study, but transient disturbance of the precorneal tear film was noted in treated patients. CONCLUSION The results of the present trial do not support the routine clinical use of external beam radiation therapy in subjects with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hart
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Maresh MJA, Metcalfe MA, McPherson K, Overton C, Hall V, Hargreaves J, Bridgman S, Dobbins J, Casbard A. The VALUE national hysterectomy study: description of the patients and their surgery. BJOG 2002; 109:302-12. [PMID: 11950186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe hysterectomies practised in 1994 and 1995: the patients, their surgery and short term outcomes. DESIGN One of two large cohorts, with prospective follow up, recruited to compare the outcomes of endometrial destruction with those of hysterectomy. SETTING England, Wales and Northern Ireland. POPULATION All women who had hysterectomies for non-malignant indications carried out during a 12-month period. METHODS Gynaecologists in NHS and independent hospitals were asked to report cases. Follow up data were obtained at outpatient follow up approximately six weeks post-surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Indication for surgery, method of hysterectomy, ovarian status post-surgery, surgical complications. RESULTS 37,298 cases were reported which is estimated to reflect about 45% of hysterectomies performed during the period studied. The median age was 45 years, and the most common indication for surgery was dysfunctional uterine bleeding (46%). Most hysterectomies were carried out by consultants (55%). The proportions of women having abdominal, vaginal or laparoscopically-assisted hysterectomy were 67%, 30% and 3%, respectively. Forty-three percent of women had no ovaries conserved after surgery. The median length of stay was five days. The overall operative complication rate was 3.5%, and highest for the laparoscopic techniques. The overall post-operative complication rate was 9%. One percent of these was regarded as severe, with the highest rate for severe in the laparoscopic group (2%). There were no operative deaths; 14 deaths were reported within the six-week post-operative period: a crude mortality rate soon after surgery of 0.38 per thousand (95% CI 0.25-0.64). CONCLUSIONS This large study describes women who undergo hysterectomy in the UK, and presents results on early complications associated with the surgery. Operative complications occurred in one in 30 women, and post-operative complications in at least one in 10. Laparoscopic techniques tend to be associated with higher complication rates than other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A Maresh
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
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Abstract
In response to a marked increase in both the number of Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteraemia reports to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre and the number of F. necrophorum isolates referred to the PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit in 1999, the data from both sources on F. necrophorum infections were reviewed for the decade 1990-2000. There were 208 reports of F. necrophorum bacteraemia (average 19/year; range 14-34/year) with a peak in incidence in the late winter months; 68% were from male patients and the peak age range was 16-23 years. Of 205 referred isolates of F. necrophorum, 122 (59%) were from blood cultures and these represented 58% of the bacteraemia reports; the others were from brain and soft tissue abscesses, pleural and joint fluids, eyes, ears and lymphatic tissue. The average number of referrals was 19/year (range 9-37/year). The peak year for bacteraemia reports (34) and isolate referrals (37) was 1999; this increase was not sustained in 2000. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole, but 2% were resistant to penicillin and 15% to erythromycin. F. necrophorum continues to be a regular but uncommon cause of bacteraemia and metastatic abscesses following an acute sore throat, especially in young, otherwise healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E Yusuf
- PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW and *PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ
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Hart A, Hall V. Addressing health inequalities. Implications for curriculum planning and educational delivery. Pract Midwife 2001; 4:42-3. [PMID: 12026683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hart
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Brighton
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Hall V, Talbot PR, Stubbs SL, Duerden BI. Identification of clinical isolates of actinomyces species by amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3555-62. [PMID: 11574572 PMCID: PMC88388 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.10.3555-3562.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) restriction analysis (ARDRA), using enzymes HaeIII and HpaII, was applied to 176 fresh and 299 stored clinical isolates of putative Actinomyces spp. referred to the Anaerobe Reference Unit of the Public Health Laboratory Service for confirmation of identity. Results were compared with ARDRA results obtained previously for reference strains and with conventional phenotypic reactions. Identities of some strains were confirmed by analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequences. Of the 475 isolates, 331 (70%) were clearly assigned to recognized Actinomyces species, including 94 isolates assigned to six recently described species. A further 52 isolates in 12 ARDRA profiles were designated as apparently resembling recognized species, and 44 isolates, in 18 novel profiles, were confirmed as members of genera other than Actinomyces. The identities of 48 isolates in nine profiles remain uncertain, and they may represent novel species of Actinomyces. For the majority of species, phenotypic results, published reactions for the species, and ARDRA profiles concurred. However, of 113 stored isolates originally identified as A. meyeri or resembling A. meyeri by phenotypic tests, only 21 were confirmed as A. meyeri by ARDRA; 63 were reassigned as A. turicensis, 7 as other recognized species, and 22 as unidentified actinomycetes. Analyses of incidence and clinical associations of Actinomyces spp. add to the currently sparse knowledge of some recently described species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, and Public Health Laboratory, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
The low efficiency of animal production using somatic cell nuclear transfer procedures is considered to be the result of an incomplete reprogramming of the donor somatic cell nucleus, which leads to a lack of, or abnormal expression of developmentally important genes. However, our current understanding of the process of somatic cell nuclear reprogramming and its effect on gene expression is limited. In this study, we compare the transcription patterns of six developmentally important genes, Oct4, IL6, FGF2, FGF4, FGFr2, and gp130 in single in vitro fertilized (IVF) and nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed using granulosa cells for the donor nuclei. Similar patterns of transcription were detected for Oct4, FGF2, and gp130 in IVF and nuclear transfer embryos during the preimplantation stages of development. However, a number of morula- and blastocyst-stage embryos derived from nuclear transfer procedures showed abnormal transcription of IL6, FGF4, and FGFr2. Previous studies have demonstrated that these three genes play an important role in implantation, early postimplantation development, or both in the mouse. Therefore, the aberrant transcription patterns detected in nuclear transfer embryos may lead to a reduction in embryo viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniels
- Monash Institute of Reproduction and Development, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Wilson MJ, Hall V, Brazier J, Lewis MAO. Evaluation of a phenotypic scheme for identification of the 'butyrate-producing' Peptostreptococcus species. J Med Microbiol 2000; 49:747-751. [PMID: 10933261 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-49-8-747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are isolated from approximately one quarter of all infections involving anaerobic bacteria. However, studies of the significance of this group of pathogens have been hindered by an inadequate taxonomy and the lack of a valid identification scheme. In the present study, a phenotypic scheme for the identification of 'butyrate-producing' GPAC based on the analysis of volatile fatty acid profiles by gas-liquid chromatography, biochemical profiles (including the use of the rapid ID 32 A commercial kit) and carbohydrate fermentation reactions, was evaluated. The identity of 68 clinical isolates of GPAC was determined by application of the scheme published by Murdoch. The scheme was found to be easy to apply and only four of the test isolates could not be readily assigned to a species or well-defined group. The species most frequently identified in the test collection were Peptostreptoccoccus vaginalis, P. tetradius and the betaGAL group. A large number of strains was assigned to the heterogeneous 'prevotii/tetradius' group. Some species regarded as being restricted to particular clinical sites were shown to be more widespread than previously thought. The clinical source of the isolates did not show any consistent correlation with species identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Hall
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology and *PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN
| | - J Brazier
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology and *PHLS Anaerobe Reference Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN
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Henalla SM, Hall V, Duckett JR, Link C, Usman F, Tromans PM, van Veggel L. A multicentre evaluation of a new surgical technique for urethral bulking in the treatment of genuine stress incontinence. BJOG 2000; 107:1035-9. [PMID: 10955438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb10409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This prospective study assesses the surgeon and patient acceptability of a new implantation device for transurethral Macroplastique injection, as well as the safety and effectiveness of the technique. Ten women with genuine stress incontinence were recruited at each of four participating urogynaecological centres. Treatment was performed in an outpatient or day case setting and follow up took place at six weeks and three months after treatment. Those in whom treatment had failed were offered re-treatment. The operator acceptance of the device was rated as excellent or acceptable in 95% after the first treatment and 100% after re-treatment. Urethral insertions were rated acceptable in 92.5%. Pain was scored as mild to moderate in 89% of all insertions. The overall success rate was 74.3% at three months with an implantation rate of 1.35 which appears to be comparable to published endoscopic data. We have concluded from this study that the Macroplastique implantation device is safe to use and provides simplified, yet effective alternative to the endoscopic implantation of urethral bulking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Henalla
- Barnsley District General Hospital, South Yorkshire, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Our objective was to establish the existence of intercellular communication through gap junctions in synovial lining cells and in primary and passaged cultures of human synovial cells. Communication between cells was assessed using the nystatin perforated-patch method, fluorescent dye transfer, immunochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblotting. Functional gap junctions were observed in primary and passaged cultures and were based on measurements of the transient current response to a step voltage. The average resistance between cells in small aggregates was 300 +/- 150 MOmega. Gap junctions were also observed between synovial lining cells in tissue explants; the size of the cell network in synovial tissue was estimated to be greater than 40 cells. Intercellular communication between cultured cells and between synovial lining cells was confirmed by dye injection. Punctate fluorescent regions were seen along intercellular contacts between cultured cells and in synovial membranes in cells and tissue immunostained for connexin43. The presence of the protein was verified in immunoblots. Regular 2-nm intermembrane gap separations characteristic of gap junctions were seen in transmission electron micrographs of synovial biopsies. The results showed that formation of gap-junction channels capable of mediating ionic and molecular communication was a regular feature of synovial cells, both in tissue and in cultured cells. The gap junctions contained connexin43 protein and perhaps other proteins. The physiological purpose of gap junctions in synovial cells is unknown, but it is reasonable to anticipate that intercellular communication serves some presently unrecognized function.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kolomytkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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