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Absavaran A, Mohebali M, Moin-Vaziri V, Zahraei-Ramazani A, Akhavan AA, Rafizadeh S, Rassi A, Barmaki A, Rassi Y. First Report of Natural Infection of Phlebotomus mongolensis to Leishmania major and Leishmania turanica in the Endemic Foci of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2023; 16:315-324. [PMID: 37159599 PMCID: PMC10163371 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v16i4.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The primary aim of this study is to determine infection to Leishmania parasites in the wild population of Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis using molecular methods in some important zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis foci in Iran.
Methods: Sand flies were collected from active colonies of rodent burrows from 16 trapping sites using sticky trap paper. In order to detect and identify of Leishmania parasites in females Ph. caucasicus and Ph. mongolensis, the Nested–PCR amplification of ITS2-rDNA region was performed to generate amplicon with 245bp for Leishmania major, 206bp for L. gerbilli and 141bp for L. turanica.
Results: In the current study we found DNA of different gerbil parasites such as L. major and L. turanica, and mixed infection of L. major/L. turanica in Ph. caucasicus and Ph. mongolensis. It should be noted that, in Iran, natural infection with Leishmania parasites is recorded for the first time in this study in Ph. mongolensis.
Conclusion: Both species of Ph. caucasicus and Ph. mongolensis not only may participate in the ZCL transmission cycle between reservoir hosts, but also results of this study support the role of these species as secondary vectors in the transmission of leishmaniasis to humans.
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Moin-Vaziri V, Badakhshan M. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Arthropod-Related Diseases. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2023; 17:28-35. [PMID: 37609568 PMCID: PMC10440499 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v17i1.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Covid-19 pandemic that caused by the infection with the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has revealed individual and global vulnerabilities all over the world. Many countries that had been struggled with arthropod-borne diseases (VBDs) are now embroiled in another challenge caused by COVID-19 pandemic. The situation that poses major obstacles 1) by misdiagnosis 2) delay in early and appropriate treatment of VBDs 3) difficulties in applying regular strategy for vector control and prevention methods and finally 4) irregularity in financing supports. Given the possible scenario of syndemics, it is important to plan integrated and combined measurement with the maximum participation of the people and health authorities. Here, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on some major arthropod-related diseases will be discussed. Methods To access the collective data all related databases such as Science direct, PubMed, Elsevier, Google scholar, as well WHO web page were searched with key words "arthropoda-related diseases, COVID-19 with the name of each individual disease". Results The results showed that the management, control, and treatment of most important arthropod-related diseases could be delayed due to COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Dealing with COVID-19, it is crucial to consider the other main killers such as malaria, dengue fever, etc. more especially in vulnerable populations by greater political, financial and global commitment. Continued surveillance will be essential to monitor for any possible changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Badakhshan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Moin-Vaziri V, Zare F, Seyyed Tabaei SJ, Saberi R, Hajjaran H. Successful Isolation of Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV) from Leishmania major in a Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Focus in Central Iran: An Update on Cases. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1290-1298. [PMID: 35773567 PMCID: PMC9245859 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major vector-borne disease that affects people globally, including Iran. Different factors are associated with leishmaniasis pathogenicity; recently, a link of the possible relationship between Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV) and disease severity was proposed, especially in the New World leishmaniasis (NWL). This study was aimed to investigate the presence of LRV2 in Leishmania isolates in Aran o Bidgol, Isfahan province. Methods Samples were collected from 110 CL-suspected patients referred to the health center. In this study, we aimed to investigate CL cases (parasitologically and clinically), identify Leishmania species (by ITS1-PCR–RFLP), and finally detection of LRV2 (by RdRp-semi-nested PCR). Results Parasitological methods showed 60 positive cases, based on the HaeIII enzyme restriction profile, 59 cases were caused by L. major and 1 case by L. tropica. Our project is the first study on LRV2 isolation in Aran o Bidgol city and the LRV was successfully detected from a single L. major isolated in a women’s hand lesion. Using BLAST, 94.8–100% similarity was observed in the RdRp sequence of current LRV isolate with those available in GenBank from Iran or overseas. Conclusion L. major was the main cause of CL in Aran o Bidgol, although L. tropica is also present in a much lower proportion in the area. This is the first report on the presence of LRV2 in Aran o Bidgol and the fifth in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zare
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saberi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moin-Vaziri V, Djadid ND, Hoosh-Deghati H, Atta H, Raz AA, Seyyed-Tabaei SJ, Maleki-Ravasan N, Zakeri S. Molecular Detection of Plasmodium Infection among Anophelinae Mosquitoes and Differentiation of Biological Forms of Anopheles Stephensi Collected from Malarious Areas of Afghanistan and Iran. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:269-278. [PMID: 35693565 PMCID: PMC9175226 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Updated information on the vectorial capacity of vectors is required in each malarious areas as well in Iran and its neighboring countries such as Afghanistan. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential infection of about 800 specimens collected from malarious areas of Afghanistan and Iran, and to differentiate biological forms of Anopheles stephensi. Method Two molecular markers, 18S RNA gene subunit and AsteObp1 intron I, were used respectively for investigation Plasmodium infection and identifying the biological forms of An. stephensi. Results Plasmodium infection was detected in 4 pools of Afghanistan specimens, including An. stephensi, collected from Nangarhar. Individually examination showed infection in 5 An. stephensi (infection rate: 1.25), to P. falciparum (2), P. vivax (2) and a mix infection. Out of five infected specimens, three were intermediate forms and two were mysorensis. No infection was found in specimens collected from Iran (Chabahar County), probably due to the active malaria control program in south-east of Iran. Conclusion The key role of An. stephensi, as a known Asian malaria vector, was re-emphasized in Afghanistan by the results achieved here. The fauna of vectors and the pattern of biological forms of An. stephensi are similar in both countries that urge regional investigations to provide evidence-based and applied data for decision-maker in malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Dinparast Djadid
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helen Hoosh-Deghati
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Atta
- Malaria Control, Word Health Organization/Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abbas Ali Raz
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyed-Tabaei
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sedigheh Zakeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Badakhshan M, Moin-Vaziri V, Sadraei J. Phlebotomus neglectus (Diptera: Psychodidae): New Insights on Its Presence in Iran Based on Three Independent Genetic Loci. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:233-239. [PMID: 34668021 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The idea of the existence of Phlebotomus (Larroussius) neglectus (Diptera: Psychodidae) Tonnoir, 1921 in Iran and the skepticism about the existence of Phlebotomus major s.str. Annandale, 1910 had been grown recently in the country. This study reports a combined analysis of mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA target regions of P. major s.l.Annandale, 1910, specimens collected from different parts of Iran. Two different morphotypes were found among the collected samples based on the shape of the aedeagus, ventrally located hairs of the coxite, and parameral sheets. One morphotype seemed similar to P. neglectus Tonnoir 1921 or P. major krimensis Perfiliv1966 (called here MI.N.K.); the other one was similar to P. neglectus and to some extent to P. notus Artemiev & Neronov 1984 (here called MII.N.NO). Cytochrome B, elongation factor 1-alpha, and internal transcribed spacer II loci were amplified, sequenced, and characterized. High sequence homology (98-100%) was observed between P. neglectus and these morphotypes, and phylogenetic analysis was also concordant. Phlebotomus neglectus sequences available in GenBank are located as the sister group of sequences here, particularly near to morphotype MII.N.NO. Moreover, ITS2 locus provides the maximum resolution for differentiation of two morphotypes. Based on achieving results, although a strong support for the presence of P. neglectus was provided, but it is too early to say that P. major s.str. does/does not exist in Iran. This question could be resolved by studying more samples and, most importantly, by comparing the topotypes of P. neglectus and P. major s. str. if possible in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Badakhshan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - V Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Sadraei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Norouzi B, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Moin-Vaziri V, Noorallahi A, Azari-Hamidian S. Ecology of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in a new focus of leishmaniasis in northern Iran. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105649. [PMID: 32758495 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an important infectious disease in Iran. Rudbar County of Guilan Province is introduced as a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The present study is going to investigate the sand flies fauna in the province and their seasonality and ecology in Rudbar County. To study the sand flies fauna, the sampling was carried out in ten localities of Guilan Province using light traps, sticky traps and manual aspirators during 2016. For the determination of seasonality, the sampling was carried out every two weeks in the fixed site of Pareh Village of Rudbar County during April-October 2016. Sand Flies were removed from sticky traps, rinsed in acetone and then conserved in 80% ethanol as well as the samples of light traps and hand catch. In total, 4430 specimens of sand flies of the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were collected and identified including Ph. kandelakii, Ph. neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti, Ph. tobbi and Se. dentata. Sergentomyia dentata was found for the first time in Guilan Province. The most prevalent species were Ph. tobbi (55.87%), Ph. perfiliewi (36.03%) and Ph. kandelakii (6. 97%). The seasonality of sand flies started in late May and ended in middle October in the fixed site. The peak of activity of Ph. kandelakii was in late June; however that was in late August for Ph. perfiliewi and Ph. tobbi. The monthly abundance of total sand flies was positively correlated with saturation deficit (P = 0.043). The abundance of Ph. perfiliewi was positively correlated with maximum temperature (P = 0.016), relative humidity (P = 0.006), rainfall (P = 0.007), saturation deficit (P = 0.003) and negatively with minimum temperature (P = 0.005). The abundance of Ph. tobbi was positively correlated with saturation deficit (P = 0.041) and negatively with minimum temperature (P = 0.043). The presence of suspected vectors of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, Ph. kandelakii, Ph. neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti and Ph. tobbi, is noteworthy. Finding the exact vectors of leishmaniasis using specific tests in the province is suggested.
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Norouzi B, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Moin-Vaziri V, Noorallahi A, Azari-Hamidian S. An Inventory of the Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Rudbar County, a New Focus of Leishmaniasis in Northern Iran, with a Taxonomic Note on the Subgenus Larroussius. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2020; 14:302-316. [PMID: 33644244 PMCID: PMC7903360 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v14i3.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different forms of leishmaniasis are significant infectious diseases in Iran. While, Rudbar County of Guilan Province has been introduced as a new cutaneous leishmaniasis focus, there are few published data about the phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the province. Methods To study the phlebotomine fauna of Rudbar County, the sampling was performed in 12 collection sites by light traps, sticky traps and manual aspirators throughout August-December 2015. Sand flies were removed from the sticky traps, rinsed in acetone and stored in 80% ethanol along with the collections of light traps and hand catches. Results In total, 2186 sand flies were collected and ten species representing two genera were morphologically identified: Phlebotomus (Adlerius) halepensis (0.27%), Ph. (Larroussius) kandeladii (0.10%), Ph. (Lar.) neglectus (0.91%), Ph. (Lar.) perfiliewi (53.88%), Ph. (Lar.) tobbi (43.45%), Ph. (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti (0.82%), Ph. (Phlebotomus) papatasi (0.10%), Sergentomyia (Parrotomyia) baghdadis (0.27%), Se. (Sintonius) clydei (0.05%) and Se. (Sin.) tiberiadis (0.10%). The species Ph. halepensis, Ph. neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Se. baghdadis, Se. clydei and Se. tiberiadis were reported for the first time in Guilan Province. This study also verified the presence of Ph. neglectus (Ph. major krimensis as a synonym and morphotype) in Iran. Moreover, the taxonomy of the subgenus Larroussius of the province was discussed. Conclusion The prevalence of suspected or proven cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis vectors is noteworthy. The study of ecology of sand flies and detecting the exact vectors of leishmaniasis and phlebotomine fever by molecular specific tests in Guilan Province are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Norouzi
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayoob Noorallahi
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Health Vice-Chancellorship, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shahyad Azari-Hamidian
- Department of Health Education, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Moin-Vaziri V, Charrel RN, Badakhshan M, Lamballerie XD, Rahbarian N, Mohammadi Bavani M, Azari-Hamidian S. A Molecular Screening of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for Flaviviruses in a Focus of West Nile Virus Infection in Northern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.18502/jad.v13i4.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne arboviruses such as West Nile (WN), dengue, Rift Valley fever, and Sindbis viruses are reported in Iran, but large-scale studies have not been performed on mosquitoes to find their vectors. A molecular study of the adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for flaviviruses was carried out in a focus of WN infection, Guilan Province, northern Iran.
Methods: Mosquito collections were carried out in five stations of two counties (Anzali and Rasht) using light traps, hand catch by manual aspirators and night landing catch during August–September 2013 and 2014. Molecular screening of WN virus and more widely for Flavivirus RNA was carried out using a specific PCR technique.
Results: In total, 1015 adult mosquitoes were collected including eight species representing four genera. The most preva-lent species were Aedes vexans (33.2%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (22%), Cx. pipiens (20.7%), and Anopheles maculi-pennis s.l. (15.6%). Molecular screening was carried out on the 1015 mosquitoes after they were organized as 38 pools according to sex, species and trapping location. None of the pools were positive.
Conclusion: Surveillance should be continued while increasing the sampling campaigns due to the presence of wetlands in the region and abundant species which are considered as vectors, feeding on both birds and humans.
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Moin-Vaziri V, Charrel RN, Badakhshan M, de Lamballerie X, Rahbarian N, Bavani MM, Azari-Hamidian S. A Molecular Screening of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for Flaviviruses in a Focus of West Nile Virus Infection in Northern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2019; 13:391-398. [PMID: 32368556 PMCID: PMC7188771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne arboviruses such as West Nile (WN), dengue, Rift Valley fever, and Sindbis viruses are reported in Iran, but large-scale studies have not been performed on mosquitoes to find their vectors. A molecular study of the adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for flaviviruses was carried out in a focus of WN infection, Guilan Province, northern Iran. METHODS Mosquito collections were carried out in five stations of two counties (Anzali and Rasht) using light traps, hand catch by manual aspirators and night landing catch during August-September 2013 and 2014. Molecular screening of WN virus and more widely for Flavivirus RNA was carried out using a specific PCR technique. RESULTS In total, 1015 adult mosquitoes were collected including eight species representing four genera. The most prevalent species were Aedes vexans (33.2%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (22%), Cx. pipiens (20.7%), and Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (15.6%). Molecular screening was carried out on the 1015 mosquitoes after they were organized as 38 pools according to sex, species and trapping location. None of the pools were positive. CONCLUSION Surveillance should be continued while increasing the sampling campaigns due to the presence of wetlands in the region and abundant species which are considered as vectors, feeding on both birds and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Remi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Badakhshan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Nourina Rahbarian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mulood Mohammadi Bavani
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahyad Azari-Hamidian
- Department of Health Education, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Shahyad Azari-Hamidian, E-mail:
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Rassi Y, Absavaran A, Mohebali M, Moin-Vaziri V, Zahraei-Ramazani A, Akhavan A, Mozaffarian F, Rafizadeh S. Morphometric discrimination between females of two isomorphic sand fly species, Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in endemic and non-endemic foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.257115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mohebali M, Behniafar H, Moin-Vaziri V, Tabaei SS, Zarei Z, Kazemirad E, Akhoundi B, Saharifi-Yazdi M, Zahraei-Ramazani A. Visceral leishmaniasis among children in an endemic area of northwestern Iran between 2016 and 2017: An epidemiological study. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.262074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Saberi R, Moin-Vaziri V, Hajjaran H, Niyyati M, Taghipour N, Kheirandish F, Abadi A. Identification of Leishmania species using N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene in a zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis 2018; 55:14-19. [PMID: 29916443 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.234621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Ilam province is one of the oldest known endemic foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmani- asis (CL) in Iran; and the recent studies have shown an increasing trend in the number of cases from the region. This study was aimed to investigate the parasite species and genetic diversity of isolates obtained from CL patients based on the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase (nagt) gene. Methods Exudate materials were collected from the swollen margin of the skin lesions of the patients suspected with CL who were referred to health centers laboratory of Mehran, Dehloran, Ilam and Malekshahi cities in the Ilam province. Demographic data were collected through a questionnaire. Smears were stained and examined microscopically. In total, 62 parasitologically positive samples were subjected to PCR-RFLP of nagt gene for identification of Leishmania species, in addition to genetic diversity investigation. Results Nearly, half of the positive cases were referred from Mehran followed by Dehloran City (40.4%). These included people from different age groups (1 to 73 yr), with majority being male (66.1%). The common site of lesions was hand (48.4%). Half of the patients had multiple lesions; most of them were wet ulcerative type. A 1450-60 bp band of the nagt gene was amplified from all the samples. Digestion patterns of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1) enzyme were similar to what expected for Leishmania major. No difference was observed at the nucleotide acid level or resulting amino acid in nine sequenced samples on the basis of phylogenetic analyses. However, intra- species differences (0.0015) were observed amongst the L. major isolates of present study and the other parts of Iran. Interpretation & conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated that the main causative agent of CL in Ilam Province is L. major, and there is no considerable heterogeneity among the L. major isolates. Moreover, nagt gene proved to be an efficient marker for differentiating Leishmania species. Further studies with more samples need to be carried out to achieve a more comprehensive result on the genetic variation of L. major isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Saberi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Niyyati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Abadi
- Department of Community and Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Badakhshan M, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Moin-Vaziri V, Charrel R, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Rezaei F, Akhavan AA, Rassi Y, Oshaghi MA. Spatial Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) as Phlebovirus Vectors in Different Areas of Iran. J Med Entomol 2018; 55:846-854. [PMID: 29554299 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sand fly fever is caused by Naples (SFNV) and Sicilian viruses (SFSV) and the closely related Toscana virus of the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae, and transmitted by Phlebotomine sand flies. Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli, 1786 is known as the main vector of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Phlebotomine sand flies as vector of sand fly fever viruses, and the effects of some environmental variables on their potential dispersion to new areas in some provinces of Iran. Sand flies were collected during their active season in the region using CDC light traps. Ecological parameters were recorded for each collection site. Arc GIS 10.3 software was used for data analysis and mapping the distribution of sand flies. Sampling in the study areas was carried out in six different climatic zones. Seventeen sand fly species were collected including eight species of genus Phlebotomus and nine species of genus Sergentomyia. The Medium Semi-Arid climatic zone had the highest species diversity. Fourteen species of sand flies were collected at altitude between 2 and 325 m, and seven species were collected between 326 and 1380 m above sea level. There was significant correlation between sand fly density and all tested environmental variables. Phlebotominae sand flies have wide distribution in Iran and have a major public health concern in the country. P. papatasi and Sergentomyia sintoni Pringle, 1933 prefers hot summers and rainfall. This poses a threat of transmission of sand fly fever caused by SFSV and SFNV across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Badakhshan
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Remi Charrel
- UMR 'Emergence des Pathologies Virales' (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ. - IRD 190 - INSERM 1207 - EHESP), Marseille, France
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yavar Rassi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Masoori L, Kheirandish F, Haghighi A, Mohebali M, Akhoundi B, Taghipour N, Gachkar L, Chegeni-Sharafi A, Moin-Vaziri V. Molecular-Based Detection of Leishmania infantum in Human Blood Samples in a New Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Lorestan Province, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2018; 12:67-75. [PMID: 30018994 PMCID: PMC6046108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatal form of leishmaniasis is visceral form (VL), found in some of the countries in the world. Visceral leishmaniasis has been reported sporadically from all provinces in Iran, including Lorestan. This study aimed to characterize parasite species in DAT positive and some of the DAT negative human blood samples of Delfan district, Lorestan Province, central Iran. METHODS Blood samples were collected from different geographical areas of Delfan. Serum was used for DAT test and remained part of molecular study. DNA was extracted by using DNG-plus extracted kit (Cinagen, Iran). Polymerase chain reaction amplification of Leishmania kDNA and PCR-RFLP of ITS1 was done to identify Leishmania species. Some amplicons were sequenced, submitted to GenBank and analyzed by BLASTn. RESULTS Expected band of kDNA for L. infantum (720bp) was amplified in 16 out of 186 (8.6%) samples which showed previously anti-Leishmania antibody at different titers or were negative serologically. Using BLASTn, 93% similarity with L. infantum has been shown. The rDNA-ITS1 was amplified only in 9 samples (4.7%). RFLP pattern was similar to what expected for L. infantum. CONCLUSION A new emerging hypo-endemic focus, caused by L. infantum, is going to be established in Delphan District, Lorestan Province. Further studies on vector and reservoirs are necessary for the region and other parts of Lorestan Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Masoori
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Haghighi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Akhoundi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Latif Gachkar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Chegeni-Sharafi
- Department of Communication Disease Control and Prevention, Deputy of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Vahideh Moin-Vaziri, E-mail:
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Behravan M, Moin-Vaziri V, Haghighi A, Rahbarian N, Taghipour N, Abadi A, Hajjaran H. Molecular Identification of Leishmania Species in a Re-Emerged Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Varamin District, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2017; 11:124-131. [PMID: 29026859 PMCID: PMC5629294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases and a major public health challenge in Iran caused by Leishmania spp and transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. The number of CL cases has shown an increasing pattern all over the country, including the district of Varamin, southeast of Tehran, Iran. This study aimed to identify the Leishmania spp isolated from CL patients using molecular methods in Varamin during 2012-2013. METHODS Exudate materials collected from the swollen edge of the skin lesions of 44 parasitological positive CL patients by disposable lancet. They were referred to Varamin Health Center by physician. The samples were subjected to molecular method for Leishmania species identification. RESULTS The digestion pattern of restriction enzyme revealed that 37 (84.1%) CL patients were infected with L. major and 7 (15.9%) were infected with L. tropica. They were mostly male than female. More than half of the patients (58%) had multiple lesions, and they were mostly observed on extremities, 34.1% on legs and 29.5% on hands. Lesions were mostly of wet ulcerative type. CONCLUSION Dominancy of L. major provides more evidence that Varamin District probably could be considered as Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) areas. More investigation on other epidemiological aspects of disease is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoodreza Behravan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Vahideh Moin-Vaziri, E-mail:
| | - Ali Haghighi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nourina Rahbarian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abadi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moin-Vaziri V, Oshaghi MA, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Derakhshandeh-Peykar P, Abaei MR, Mohtarami F, Zahraei-Ramezani AR, Nadim A. ITS2-rDNA Sequence Variation of Phlebotomus sergenti s.l. (Dip: Psychodidae) Populations in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2016; 10:462-473. [PMID: 28032098 PMCID: PMC5186736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomus sergenti s.l. is considered the most likely vector of Leishmania tropica in Iran. Although two morphotypes- P. sergenti sergenti (A) and P. sergenti similis (B)-have been formally described, further morphological and a molecular analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtDNA-COI) gene revealed inconsistencies and suggests that the variation between the morphotypes is intraspecific and the morphotypes might be identical species. METHODS We examined the sequence of the ITS2-rDNA of Iranian specimens of P. sergenti s.l., comprising P. cf sergenti, P. cf similis, and intermediate morphotypes, together with available data in Genbank. RESULTS Sequence analysis showed 5.2% variation among P. sergenti s.l. morphotypes. Almost half of the variation was due to the number of an AT microsatellite repeats in the center of the spacer. Nine haplotypes were found in the species constructing three main lineages corresponding to the origin of the colonies located in southwest (SW), northeast (NE), and northwest-center-southeast (NCS). Lineages NCS and NE included both typical P. cf sergenti and P. cf similis and intermediate morphotypes. CONCLUSION Phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed that, except for one Iranian sample, which was close to the European samples, other Iranian haplotypes were associated with the northeastern Mediterranean populations including Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, and Pakistan. Similar to the sequences of mtDNA COI gene, ITS2 sequences could not resolve P. sergenti from P. similis and did not support the possible existence of sibling species or subspecies within P. sergenti s.l..
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Abaei
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtarami
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Zahraei-Ramezani
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aboulhassan Nadim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zahraei-Ramazani A, Kumar D, Mirhendi H, Sundar S, Mishra R, Moin-Vaziri V, Soleimani H, Shirzadi MR, Jafari R, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Shahraky SH, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR. Morphological and Genotypic Variations among the Species of the Subgenus Adlerius (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotomus) in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2014; 9:84-97. [PMID: 26114146 PMCID: PMC4478421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sand flies of subgenus Adlerius are considered as probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological and genotypic variations in the populations of this subgenus in the country. METHODS Sand flies collected using sticky traps from 17 provinces during 2008-2010. The morphometric measurements were conducted with an Ocular Micrometer. Data was analyzed by SPSS. The Cytb gene was used to estimate population genetic diversity and identify the female specimens. UPGMA phenetic tree was used for DNA haplotypes of Cytb gene. RESULTS Six species of subgenus Adlerius identified from which one species, P. (Adlerius) kabulensis, is new record. The identification key is provided for males. Results revealed the molecular systematic in the species of subgenus Adlerius and determine the relationship of three females of P. comatus, P. balcanicus and P. halepensis. CONCLUSION The positions of three females and the males in the UPGMA tree are correct and the similarities among them confirm our results. The branches of each species are not genetically distinct which justify the overlapping morphological characters among them. Molecular sequencing of Cytb-mtDNA haplotypes can be used for female identification for different species of subgenus Adlerius in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Rajnikan Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Soleimani
- Yazd Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shirzadi
- Communicable Disease Management Centre, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Prof Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi,
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18
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Badakhshan M, Sadraei J, Moin-Vaziri V. The First Report of Eustigmaeus johnstoni (Acari: Stigmaeidae) Parasitic Mite of Phlebotominae Sand Flies from Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2013; 7:94-8. [PMID: 23785700 PMCID: PMC3684503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigmaeids mites have been recorded only on Phlebotominae sand flies up to now. Five species of Eustigmaeus, and three of Stigmaeus were reported on infested sandflies in different country up to the present. METHODS Sand flies collection was done using CDC light trap and sticky paper. The mites were isolated from infested specimens, mounted in Puri's medium and identified using reliable keys. RESULTS A mite infested Phlebotomus papatasi was observed during a study on sandflies of one of the southern provinces of Iran, near to the Persian Gulf. Several scars resulting from mite attachment were found on abdominal tergites of this female sand fly. The mites were identified as Eustigmaeus johnstoni. CONCLUSION This parasitic mite is one of the eyeless species, which has a great distribution over the world, reported from Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Yemen, Cyprus and Palestine. But, this is the first record of this species from Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Badakhshan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sadraei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Vahideh Moin-Vaziri, E-mail:
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Badakhshan M, Sadraei J, Moin-Vaziri V. Morphometric and morphological variation between two different populations of Phlebotomus major s.l. from endemic and non-endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. J Vector Ecol 2011; 36:153-158. [PMID: 21635653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Populations of Phlebotomus major were examined in two endemic and nonendemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. Based on the shape of the aedeagus and ventrally located hairs of coxite and pharyngeal armatures, two morphotypes were found sympatrically in the endemic area of Borazjan. Significant differences in morphometric survey were observed in at least 11 measured characters. The aedeagus of the non-endemic Miyandoab morphotype, and also of a few specimens from Borazjan, is completely parallel throughout its length with a slightly expanded end. Ventrally located hairs of the middle coxite were longer and more compact. It is close morphologically to P. major neglectus (P. neglectus), which was recently recorded from Iran. It is also morphologically similar to P. notus, which has not yet been reported from Iran and needs further investigation. The aedeagus of the morphotype occurring only in Borazjan is narrower in the middle and the hairs are closer to the base of the coxite and are shorter and more outspread, which makes it similar to P. major krimensis or P. neglectus. The two morphotypes occurring sympatrically in Borazjan do not appear to be subspecies and it may be premature to propose them as separate species. Further investigation is needed to clarify the actual status of P. major s. l. in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Badakhshan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Depaquit J, Lienard E, Verzeaux-Griffon A, Ferté H, Bounamous A, Gantier JC, Hanafi HA, Jacobson RL, Maroli M, Moin-Vaziri V, Müller F, Özbel Y, Svobodova M, Volf P, Léger N. Molecular homogeneity in diverse geographical populations of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera, Psychodidae) inferred from ND4 mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2008; 8:159-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Moin-Vaziri V, Depaquit J, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Oshaghi MA, Derakhshandeh-Peykar P, Ferte H, Kaltenbach M, Bargues MD, Nadim A, Javadian E, Rassi Y, Jafari R. Geographical variation in populations of Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) caucasicus (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Iran. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2007; 100:291-295. [PMID: 17982863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A comparative morphological and molecular study was carried out on 11 different populations of Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) caucasicus Marzinovsky 1917 caught in 7 provinces in Iran (2004-2005). Differences in the implantation level of the two distal spines of the style, the number of setae of the basal lobe of coxite, and the length of the third antennal segment, revealed the existence of two morphotypes within P. (Pa) caucasicus, a species having a confused history if we take into account an unclear synonymisation with Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) grimmi Porchinsky 1874. Sequencing of mtDNA (a fragment of cytchromeB gene, tRNA for serine gene and a fragment of NADH1 gene) and Neighbour-Joining analysis showed a partial correlation between morphotypes and haplotypes. We also found a correlation between the latter and the geographical origin of the specimens. These results need further studies in order to appreciate the role of each morphotype/haplotype in the transmission of Leishmania major.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Moin-Vaziri
- Department of medical entomology and vector control, School of public health and Institute of public health research, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, P.O. Box 6446-14155, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Moin-Vaziri V, Depaquit J, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Oshaghi MA, Derakhshandeh-Peykar P, Ferté H, Kaltenbach M, Bargues MD, Léger N, Nadim A. Intraspecific variation within Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot (1917) (Diptera: Psychodidae) based on mtDNA sequences in Islamic Republic of Iran. Acta Trop 2007; 102:29-37. [PMID: 17451632 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An intraspecific study on the morphological and molecular characteristics of Phlebotomus sergenti s.l., the main vector of Leishmania tropica, was performed on 28 Iranian populations from 11 provinces and a few samples from Greece, Morocco, Lebanon, Turkey, Pakistan, and Syria. Three morphotypes were identified as A, B and C, with some intermediate forms in the samples under investigation. Based on the number of setae and the width of basal lobe of coxite, differences between A and B morphotypes were highly significant. Excluding one unusual haplotype, sequence analysis of approximately 439 bp of mtDNA (a fragment of cytochrome B gene, tRNA for serine gene, and a fragment of NADH1 gene) revealed a 6-7% genetic distance within the Iranian populations and among the specimens of other countries. Neighbor-Joining (NJ) analysis confirmed the existence of three main groups within our samples. Although there was no consistency between morphotypes and genotypes, but an interrelationship was found between morphometry and morphotypes. Morphotype A, which was considered as P. sergenti sergenti, was the most prevalent in collection sites. Morphotype B, which was identified as Phlebotomus sergenti similis, is the first record of this subspecies in Iran, and was found to be sympatric with other morphotypes. Morphotype C had an elongated style in comparison with P. sergenti sergenti. Molecular database showed three main genetic structures. This is the first combined morphological and molecular studies on P. sergenti s.l. in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, P.O. Box 6446-14155, Tehran, Iran
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