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Cholesterol associated genetic risk score and acute coronary syndrome in Czech males. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:164. [PMID: 38252350 PMCID: PMC10803395 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a general decline in mean levels across populations, LDL-cholesterol levels remain a major risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The APOB, LDL-R, CILP, and SORT-1 genes have been shown to contain variants that have significant effects on plasma cholesterol levels. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined polymorphisms within these genes in 1191 controls and 929 patients with ACS. Only rs646776 within SORT-1 was significantly associated with a risk of ACS (P < 0.05, AA vs. + G comparison; OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.01-1.45). With regard to genetic risk score (GRS), the presence of at least 7 alleles associated with elevated cholesterol levels was connected with increased risk (P < 0.01) of ACS (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.06-1.52). Neither total mortality nor CVD mortality in ACS subjects (follow up-9.84 ± 3.82 years) was associated with the SNPs analysed or cholesterol-associated GRS. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, based on only a few potent SNPs known to affect plasma cholesterol, GRS has the potential to predict ACS risk, but not ACS associated mortality.
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ABCA3 and LZTFL1 Polymorphisms and Risk of COVID-19 in the Czech Population. Physiol Res 2023; 72:539-543. [PMID: 37795896 PMCID: PMC10634566 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes the respiratory disease COVID-19, has spread rapidly from Wuhan, China, since 2019, causing nearly 7 million deaths worldwide in three years. In addition to clinical risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, genetic variability is an important predictor of disease severity and susceptibility. We analyzed common polymorphisms within the LZTFL1 (rs11385942) and ABCA3 (rs13332514) genes in 519 SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects (164 asymptomatic, 246 symptomatic, and 109 hospitalized COVID-19 survivors) and a population-based control group (N?=?2,592; COVID-19 status unknown). Rare ABCA3 AA homozygotes (but not A allele carriers) may be at a significantly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection [P?=?0.003; OR (95 % CI); 3.66 (1.47-9.15)]. We also observed a borderline significant difference in the genotype distribution of the LZTFL1 rs11385942 polymorphism (P?=?0.04) between the population sample and SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects. In agreement with previous studies, a nonsignificantly higher frequency of minor allele carriers was detected among hospitalized COVID-19 subjects. We conclude that a common polymorphism in the ABCA3 gene may be a significant predictor of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Trajectories and determinants of left ventricular ejection fraction after first myocardial infarction in current era of primary coronary interventions. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI). However, contemporary data from the PCI era of MI therapy on trajectories and determinants of EF are scarce.
Purpose
The present study aimed to describe the epidemiology of systolic dysfunction and EF recovery among consecutive patients hospitalized for their first MI.
Methods
Data from a single-centre prospectively-designed AMBITION registry of consecutive patients hospitalized for MI between years 2017 and 2021 at a large tertiary cardiology centre were utilized.
Results
Out of 1593 patients in the registry, 1065 were hospitalized for MI type I and had no previous history of heart failure (HF) or coronary artery disease. Revascularisation was performed in 93.5% of patients: 901 (84.6%) underwent PCI, 89 (8.4%) CABG and 6 (0.6%) both. At discharge, EF<40% was present in 238 (22.3%), EF 40–50% in 326 (30.6%) and EF >50% in 501 (47.0%), respectively. Patients with EF<40% were more often those who suffered subacute and anterior STEMI, had higher heart rate at admission and higher maximal troponin level, and more often HF signs requiring intravenous diuretic therapy (Table 1). In the multivariate Cox analysis, EF<40%, together with age, glomerular filtration rate, glycemia level, clinical signs of HF, and atrial fibrillation were associated with increased mortality risk. Among subjects with EF<40%, the control follow-up EF determined on a median 153 days (IQR 101–407) after discharge was available in 166 patients. Among these, systolic function recovered to EF>50% in 38 (22.9%) and improved to EF 40–50% in 45 (27.1%). Improvement in systolic function to EF>40% was predicted by lower severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis (GENSINI score), by higher discharge EF, by the lower leukocyte count, the absence of atrial fibrillation during MI hospitalization and glycemia level (Table 2). Recovery of systolic function was associated with lower mortality risk (log-rank p=0.012).
Conclusion
In the current era of primary coronary intervention, only 22% of patients after the first MI have EF below 40%. Of them, EF improves in 50%, and full recovery is observed in 23% of patients. Severity or coronary atherosclerosis, inflammatory response to MI, atrial fibrillation and glucose metabolism may all affect EF recovery. These observations provide novel therapeutic targets for EF recovery.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Health, Czech Republic
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Genetic risk score is associated with T2DM and diabetes complications risks. Gene X 2022; 849:146921. [PMID: 36174902 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prototypical complex disease with polygenic architecture playing an important role in determining susceptibility to develop the disease (and its complications) in subjects exposed to modifiable lifestyle factors. A current challenge is to quantify the degree of the individual's genetic risk using genetic risk scores (GRS) capturing the results of genome-wide association studies while incorporating possible ethnicity- or population-specific differences. METHODS This study included three groups of T2DM (T2DM-I, N=1,032; T2DM-II, N=353; and T2DM-III, N=399) patients and 2,481 diabetes-free subjects. The status of the microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications were known for the T2DM-I patients. Overall, 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed, and selected subsets were used to determine the GRS (both weighted - wGRS and unweighted - uGRS) for T2DM risk predictions (6 SNPs) and for predicting the risks of complications (7 SNPs). RESULTS The strongest T2DM markers (P<0.0001) were within the genes for TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like 2), FTO (fat mass and obesity associated protein) and ARAP1 (ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1). The T2DM-I subjects with uGRS values greater (Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence Interval) than six had at least twice (2.00, 1.72-2.32) the risk of T2DM development (P<0.0001), and these results were confirmed in the independent groups (T2DM-II 1.82, 1.45-2.27; T2DM-III 2.63, 2.11-3.27). The wGRS (>0.6) further improved (P<0.000001) the risk estimations for all three T2DM groups. The uGRS was also a significant predictor of neuropathy (P<0.0001), nephropathy (P<0.005) and leg ischemia (P<0.0005). CONCLUSIONS If carefully selected and specified, GRS, both weighted and unweighted, could be significant predictors of T2DM development, as well as the diabetes complications development.
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Triglycerides, polymorphisms and the risk of acute coronary syndrome in the Czech population. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac056.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Supported by Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization 64165, General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
Background and Aims
Elevated levels of plasma triglycerides (TG) have been identified as a risk factor for the development of cardiovacular disease, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Final TG levels are largely influenced by genetic factors. The most important genetic factors influencing TG levels in the Czech population are the polymorphisms in APOA5, GCKR, MAP3K1, CTF1, CYP26A1, LRP1, CILP2, LIPC, APOE, GALNT2 and LPL genes.
Methods
The variants in mentioned genes were analyzed in total 929 patients with ACS and 936 healthy controls (study post-MONICA). Only adult men under the age of 65 were included in the study.
Results
Plasma TG levels did not differ significantly between patients and controls (1.96 ± 1.30 mmol/L vs. 2.06 ± 1.47 mmol/L). CYP26A1 AA homozygotes (rs2068888) were more common (P <0.05; OR; 95% CI = 1.34; 1.03-1.74) among patients. The differences in the frequencies of the other variants were not statistically significant, however, with the exception of GCKR, LRP1, MAP3K1, GALNT2 and LPL variants, they were used to calculate the risk genetic score due to the higher OR value (above 1.15). Subjects with a score of 8 or more vs less than 3 occurred more frequently among patients with ACS than among controls (60% vs. 30%, P = 0.005; OR; 95% CI – 2.03; 1.24 – 3.31).
Conclusions
Genetic score calculated from six selected variants associated with plasma TG levels is a significant predictor of ACS in Czech Caucasian males.
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Interleukin-6 predicts recovery of systolic function after myocardial infarction. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac056.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
Background
Interleukin (IL)-6 is an important mediator of the inflammatory response to acute myocardial infarction (MI). Increased IL-6 levels are associated with adverse outcomes after MI. However, there are only limited data on the association of IL-6 levels with recovery of systolic function after MI.
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the independent predictive value of IL-6 level for recovery of systolic function among patients hospitalized for their first MI.
Methods
Consecutive patients without previous history of MI or cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% measured by transthoracic echocardiography upon hospital discharge and available follow-up LVEF evaluated between 3 months and one year since hospital discharge were selected from a prospective registry of MI patients (n=1323).
Results
In total, data from 183 patients (mean age 64.2±11.2, 29% female, mean EF upon discharge 32.6±5.8) were analyzed. In the multivariate linear regression, IL-6 level measured within 24 hours from the hospital admission was positively associated with NT-proBNP, maximal hs-Troponin T a glycemia level and negatively with female gender, total cholesterol and admission systolic blood pressure. During follow-up, LVEF increased by 6.1±9.0% and LVEF recovered to value >50% in 43 (23.5%) patients. In the multivariate analysis, LVEF improvement was predicted by lower IL-6, lower maximal troponin level, female gender, lower heart rate at the time of hospital admission and Killip class I. In the ROC analysis (AUC 0.72, p<0.001), IL-6 ≤ 15.7ng/L had 51% sensitivity and 87% specificity to predict LVEF recovery.
Conclusion
The inflammatory response to MI, as assessed by IL-6, is associated with MI size, glucose and lipid metabolism and is lower in women. IL-6 independently predicts change in LVEF among patients with moderate to severe LV dysfunction. This supports previous findings that IL-6 inhibition can increase myocardial salvage after MI and identifies possible patients that may benefit from targeted therapy.
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Cholesterol and the risk of acute coronary syndrome. Mendelian randomisation in the Czech population. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac056.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Health, Czech Republic
Introduction
Increased plasma cholesterol levels are considered as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, observational studies in recent years have often found no increased LDL-cholesterol values in ACS patients compared to controls. Final cholesterol levels are largely modified by genetic factors, so they can be used to demonstrate (based on Mendelian randomization) whether the link between plasma cholesterol and MI risk is still present.
Methods
In our study, we analysed LDL-R (rs6511720), CILP2/PBX4 (rs16996148), APOB (rs693) and SORT-1 (rs646776) variants in a total of 939 patients with ACS and 1,191 healthy controls (post-MONICA study). Only men aged 18-65 years were included in the study.
Results
Patients with ACS had significantly lower total cholesterol levels than controls (4.8 ± 1.1 vs. 5.7 ± 1.1 mmol / L; P <0.001). Total and LDL-cholesterol were not higher in patients even after adjusting for age, BMI and dyslipidemic treatment. We confirmed a significant effect of all analysed variants on LDL-cholesterol levels (all P <0.01). None of the four analysed variants significantly affected the risk of MI (P values between 0.10 and 0.58). Individuals with at least seven cholesterol-raising alleles had a slightly increased risk of ACS compared to others (OR, 95% CI; 1.26, 1.06-1.51; P = 0.01).
Conclusion
Variants within the genes for LDL-R, CILP2 / PBX4, APOB and SORT-1 are significant genetic determinants of LDL-cholesterol levels in the population of Czech men. After a population-wide reduction in cholesterol levels, these levels no longer seem to be a serious problem in determining ACS, and interventions to reduce other types of risk should be given more attention.
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Apolipoprotein L1 variability is associated with increased risk of renal failure in the Czech population. Gene X 2022; 818:146248. [PMID: 35085711 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD5) more prevalent in the Czech Republic than in most European countries, genetic susceptibility is potentially implicated. METHODS In a group of 1489 CKD5 kidney transplantation patients (93% with complete clinical characteristics; mean age 52.0 years, 37% females) and 2559 healthy controls (mean age 49.0 years, 51% females), we examined the prevalence of six APOL1 SNPs (rs73885319, rs71785313, rs13056427, rs136147, rs10854688 and rs9610473) and one newly detected 55-nucleotide insertion/deletion polymorphism. RESULTS The rs73885319 and rs71785313 variants were monomorphic in the Czech Caucasian population. Genotype frequencies of the three SNPs examined (rs13056427, rs136147 and rs9610473) were almost identical in patients and controls (all P values were between 0.39 and 0.91). Minor homozygotes of rs10854688 were more common between the patients (13.2%) than in controls (10.7%) (OR [95% CI]; 1.32 [1.08-1.64]; P < 0.01). Prevalence of the newly detected 55-bp APOL1 deletion was significantly higher in CKD5 patients (3.0% vs. 1.7%; OR [95% CI]; 1.80 [1.16-2.80]; P < 0.01) compared to controls. Frequencies of some individual APOL1 haplotypes were borderline different between patients and controls. CONCLUSION We found an association between rs10854688 SNP within the APOL1 gene and end-stage renal disease in the Czech Caucasian population. Further independent studies are required before a conclusive association between the newly detected APOL1 insertion/deletion polymorphism and CKD5 can be confirmed.
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Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Lancet 2021; 398:1713-1725. [PMID: 34506743 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) global registry provides a platform for the global surveillance of familial hypercholesterolaemia through harmonisation and pooling of multinational data. In this study, we aimed to characterise the adult population with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and described how it is detected and managed globally. METHODS Using FHSC global registry data, we did a cross-sectional assessment of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of probable or definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time they were entered into the registries. Data were assessed overall and by WHO regions, sex, and index versus non-index cases. FINDINGS Of the 61 612 individuals in the registry, 42 167 adults (21 999 [53·6%] women) from 56 countries were included in the study. Of these, 31 798 (75·4%) were diagnosed with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, and 35 490 (84·2%) were from the WHO region of Europe. Median age of participants at entry in the registry was 46·2 years (IQR 34·3-58·0); median age at diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was 44·4 years (32·5-56·5), with 40·2% of participants younger than 40 years when diagnosed. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively with age and varied by WHO region. Prevalence of coronary disease was 17·4% (2·1% for stroke and 5·2% for peripheral artery disease), increasing with concentrations of untreated LDL cholesterol, and was about two times lower in women than in men. Among patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, 16 803 (81·1%) were receiving statins and 3691 (21·2%) were on combination therapy, with greater use of more potent lipid-lowering medication in men than in women. Median LDL cholesterol was 5·43 mmol/L (IQR 4·32-6·72) among patients not taking lipid-lowering medications and 4·23 mmol/L (3·20-5·66) among those taking them. Among patients taking lipid-lowering medications, 2·7% had LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L; the use of combination therapy, particularly with three drugs and with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors, was associated with a higher proportion and greater odds of having LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L. Compared with index cases, patients who were non-index cases were younger, with lower LDL cholesterol and lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (all p<0·001). INTERPRETATION Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed late. Guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations are infrequently achieved with single-drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors and presence of coronary disease were lower among non-index cases, who were diagnosed earlier. Earlier detection and greater use of combination therapies are required to reduce the global burden of familial hypercholesterolaemia. FUNDING Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron.
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ACE I/D polymorphism in Czech first-wave SARS-CoV-2-positive survivors. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:206-209. [PMID: 33957095 PMCID: PMC8091801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread from China in 2019/2020 to all continents. Significant geographical and ethnic differences were described, and host genetic background seems to be important for the resistance to and mortality of COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) is one of the candidates with the potential to affect infection symptoms and mortality. METHODS In our study, we successfully genotyped 408 SARS-CoV-2-positive COVID-19 survivors (163 asymptomatic and 245 symptomatic) and compared them with a population-based DNA bank of 2,559 subjects. RESULTS The frequency of ACE I/I homozygotes was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with that in controls (26.2% vs. 21.2%; P = 0.02; OR [95% CI] = 1.55 [1.17-2.05]. Importantly, however, the difference was driven just by the symptomatic subjects (29.0% vs. 21.2% of the I/I homozygotes; P = 0.002; OR [95% CI] = 1.78 [1.22-2.60]). The genotype distribution of the ACE genotypes was almost identical in population controls and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ACE I/D polymorphism could have the potential to predict the severity of COVID-19, with I/I homozygotes being at increased risk of symptomatic COVID-19.
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The APOE4 allele is associated with a decreased risk of retinopathy in type 2 diabetics. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5873-5879. [PMID: 34328600 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common polymorphisms within the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are suggested to be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the potential association with T2DM complications (nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy) remains unclear. We perform the case-control study to analyse the association between the APOE polymorphism and risk of T2DM and to analysed the potential relationship between the APOE and T2DM complications. METHODS AND RESULTS APOE variants (rs429358 and rs7412) were genotyped by TaqMan assay in T2DM patients (N = 1274; N = 829 with complications including retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy status) and with PCR-RFLP in healthy nondiabetic controls (N = 2055). The comparison of subjects with genotypes associated with low plasma cholesterol (APOE2/E2 and APOE2/E3 carriers vs. others) did not show an association with T2DM (OR [95% CI] = 0.88 [0.71-1.08). The differences remained insignificant after adjusting for diabetes duration, sex and BMI. Carriers of at least one APOE4 allele (rs429358) are protected against T2DM related retinopathy (OR [95% CI] = 0.65 [0.42-0.99]. Protection against retinopathy is driven mostly by females (OR [95% CI] = 0.50 [0.25-0.99]); and remains significant (P = 0.044) after adjustment for diabetes duration and BMI. CONCLUSION Common APOE polymorphism was not associated with T2DM in the Czech population. Yet, APOE4 allele revealed an association with retinopathy. In particular, female T2DM patients with at least one APOE4 allele exhibit lower prevalence of retinopathy in our study subjects.
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Apolipoprotein E4 Allele in Subjects with COVID-19. Gerontology 2021; 67:320-322. [PMID: 33965962 PMCID: PMC8247822 DOI: 10.1159/000516200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has spread widely around the globe. Significant inter-individual differences have been observed during the course of the infection, which suggests that genetic susceptibility may be a contributing factor. CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), which acts as a co-receptor for the entry of HIV-1 into cells, is promising candidate whose can have an influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. A genetic mutation known as CCR5Delta32, consisting of a 32-nucleotide deletion, encodes a truncated protein that protects homozygous carriers of the deletion from HIV-1 infection. Similarly, inhibition of CCR5 seems to be protective against COVID-19. In our study, we successfully genotyped 416 first-wave SARS-CoV-2-positive infection survivors (164 asymptomatic and 252 symptomatic) for CCR5?32, comparing them with a population based sample of 2,404 subjects. We found the highest number (P=0.03) of CCR5Delta32 carriers in SARS-CoV-2-positive/COVID-19-asympto-matic subjects (23.8 %) and the lowest number in SARS-CoV-2-positive/COVID-19-symptomatic patients (16.7 %), with frequency in the control population in the middle (21.0 %). We conclude that the CCR5?32 I/D polymorphism may have the potential to predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Post-infarction left ventricular free wall rupture: 12-years experience from the Cardiac Centre of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague, Czech Republic. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 165:408-415. [PMID: 32808602 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-infarction left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR) is a feared and catastrophic complication of myocardial infarction that carries a high surgical and hospital mortality. Due to the rarity of this complication, little information exists on surgical treatment and outcomes. Goal and Methods. The goal of this study was to present our experience with LVFWR. We present a retrospective cohort of 19 consecutive patients who were surgically treated in the Cardiac Centre of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague between January 2006 and December 2017. RESULTS Thirty-day mortality was 26%. Five patients died. Four patients died in the operating theatre and one patient on the ninth postoperative day following re-rupture. Seventy-four percent of the patient cohort survived and were discharged from hospital. The median length of follow-up was 45 months (range 0.75-150). No patient died during follow-up. Median postoperative ejection fraction was 45% (range 25-65%). Angina pectoris and dyspnea were investigated during follow-up and graded according to the Canadian cardiology society (CCS) and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classifications. Fourteen patients had CCS class I, eight patients had NYHA class I dyspnea and six patients had NYHA class II. Re-rupture occurred after hospital discharge in one patient one month after the original surgery. The patient was treated successfully by urgent surgical intervention. CONCLUSION LVFWR is a catastrophic and challenging complication of myocardial infarction. Good outcomes can be achieved by rapid diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention as shown by our results.
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The Gene Score for Predicting Hypertriglyceridemia: New Insights from a Czech Case-Control Study. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 23:555-562. [PMID: 31222479 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma triglyceride (TG) values are significant predictors of cardiovascular and total mortality. The plasma levels of TGs have an important genetic background. We analyzed whether 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in genome-wide association studies are discriminators of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in the Czech population. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to replicate and test the original findings in an independent study and to re-analyze the gene score leading to HTG. METHODS In total, we analyzed 32 SNPs in 209 patients with plasma TG levels over 10 mmol/L (HTG group) and compared them in a case-control design with 524 treatment-naïve controls (normotriglyceridemic [NTG] group) with plasma TG values below 1.8 mmol/L. RESULTS Sixteen SNPs were significantly associated with an increased risk of HTG development, with odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) varying from 1.40 (1.01-1.95) to 4.69 (3.29-6.68) (rs964184 within the APOA5 gene). Both unweighted (sum of the risk alleles) and weighted gene scores (WGS) (log of the achieved ORs per individual genotype) were calculated, and both gene scores were significantly different between groups. The mean score of the risk alleles was significantly increased in the HTG group compared to the NTG group (18.5 ± 2.5 vs. 15.7 ± 2.3, respectively; P < 0.00001). Subjects with a WGS over 9 were significantly more common in the HTG group (44.5%) than in the NTG group, in which such a high score was observed in only 4.7% of subjects (OR 16.3, 95% CI 10.0-36.7; P < 0.0000001). CONCLUSIONS An increased number of risk genetic variants, calculated both in a weighted or unweighted manner, significantly discriminates between the subjects with HTG and controls. Population-specific sets of SNPs included into the gene score seem to yield better discrimination power.
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Genetic Markers at ANRIL, FTO and 2q36.3 Locus in Czech Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Folia Biol (Praha) 2020; 66:148-153. [PMID: 33745262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is one of the most commonly performed operations worldwide. We compared genotype frequencies of three major cardiovascular disease (CVD)-associated genetic markers (ANRIL, FTO and 2q36.3 locus) between 753 patients who underwent CABG at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Prague, Czech Republic) and 2,559 controls from the Czech post-MONICA study. Subjects with at least one major A allele in the rs10757274 polymorphism (ANRIL) were more prevalent in patients after CABG than in the controls (81.7 % vs 72.7 %; OR [95 % CI] 1.67 [1.35-2.05]; P < 0.0001). In contrast, variants within the FTO gene (OR 0.87; 95 % CI, 0.70-1. 09 in a TT vs. GG comparison, P = 0.24) and 2q36.3 locus (OR 1.16; 95% CI, 0.98-1.37 in a +A vs. CC comparison, P = 0.08) were not significantly associated with CVD in our study. Variants were not associated with anthropometric, biochemical, or clinical characteristics within the patient group. Our study suggests that patients with CABG are more commonly carriers of some but not all CVD-associated alleles.
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MON-PO541: The Importance of Parenteral Nutrition Composition in the Conservative Treatment of Abdominal Catastrophe. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Strong Association between APOA5 Gene Polymorphisms and Hypertriglyceridaemic Episodes. Folia Biol (Praha) 2019; 65:188-194. [PMID: 31903892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels represent a significant risk factor of cardiovascular and total mortality. Concentrations of TG in the plasma depend, to a large extent, on the genetic background, and the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene seems to be one of the most powerful players in the plasma TG metabolism regulation. In total, we analysed three tagging APOA5 (rs964184 rs662799, rs3135506) SNPs in 209 patients with plasma TG levels over 10 mmol/l (HTG) on at least one occasion and in 379 treatment-naïve controls (NTG) with plasma TG values within the normal range. Minor alleles of all three analysed APOA5 polymorphisms significantly (all P < 0.0001) increased the risk of hypertriglyceridaemia. The most significant association (P < 0.0000001) was observed for the rs964184 polymorphism, where the minor GG homozygotes had the odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) for hypertriglyceridaemia development 21.30 (8.09-56.07, P < 0.000001) in comparison with the major CC allele homozygotes. Carriers of at least one minor allele at rs3135506 had OR (95% CI) 4.19 (2.75-6.40); (P < 0.000005) for HTG development and similarly, carriers of a minor allele at rs662799 had OR (95% CI) 3.07 (2.00-4.72) (P < 0.0001). The cumulative presence of risk alleles (unweighted gene score) significantly differed between patients with episodes of high TG and controls at P < 0.0000001. There were 73 % of subjects without any of the risk alleles among the controls and 46 % in the patients. In contrast, the controls just included 3 % of subjects with score 3 and more in comparison with 18 % in HTG patients. We conclude that common APOA5 variants are very important genetic determinants of episodic hypertriglyceridaemia in the Czech population with a high potential to be applied in personalized medicine.
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COQ2 polymorphisms are not associated with increased risk of statin-induced myalgia/myopathy in the Czech population. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2018; 32:177-182. [PMID: 29257754 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene COQ2, encoding 4-hydroxybenzoate-polyprenyltransferase (coenzyme Q2), belongs to the candidates potentially influencing statin treatment tolerability. This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), in which depletion induced by statin treatment is implicated in the development of statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). Thus, polymorphisms in the COQ2 gene might explain susceptibility to SAMS. METHODS Adult patients with SAMS (on low doses of atorvastatin and simvastatin)-induced myalgia/myopathy (n=278), patients on statins but without SAMS (n=293) and population (part of the post-MONICA [Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease] study) controls (n=561) were genotyped (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] assay) for rs6535454 and rs4693075 polymorphisms within the COQ2 gene loci. RESULTS Distribution of rs6535454 in patients with SAMS (GG=51.1%, GA=40.0%, AA=8.9%) did not significantly differ (p=0.33; respectively 0.32 for codominant models of the analysis) from that in the population controls (GG=48.1%, GA=45.0%, AA=6.9%) or the SAMS-unaffected patients (GG=49.8%, GA=40.3%, AA=9.7%). Similarly, neither rs4693075 was associated with SAMS (CC=36.8%, CG=48.2%, GG=15.0% in patients suffering SAMS vs. CC=36.6%, CG=47.5%, GG=15.9 in controls and CC=35.8%, CG=48.2%, GG=15.9% in symptom-free patients, p=0.94 and 0.95 for codominant models of the analysis). Also, the haplotype distributions were not significantly different between the groups analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphisms of the COQ2 gene do not associate with SAMS in the Czech patients treated with low doses of statins. This is another clue that the coenzyme Q10 pathway is not the most important for the development of SAMS.
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Gene score as predictor of hypertriglyceridemia in Czech population. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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MRAS gene marker rs9818870 is not associated with acute coronary syndrome in the Czech population and does not predict mortality in males after acute coronary syndrome. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2017; 26:1213-1217. [PMID: 29264877 DOI: 10.17219/acem/67460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAs) focused on cardiovascular diseases reveal variants within genes which have not been analyzed through the pre-GWAs era, and whose function is often unknown. One of them is variant rs9818870 at the MRAS gene locus. OBJECTIVES To analyze if MRAS polymorphism is associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk in a Czech population and with mortality in male patients after myocardial infarction. MATERIAL AND METHODS 1,779 male patients with ACS (aged 55.3 ±7.9 years) and 673 female patients with ACS (aged 64.0 ±8.1 years) were genotyped for rs9818870 polymorphism using the PCR-RFLP method. In a subset of 1,221 patients, detailed diagnoses (901 subjects with STEMI, 280 subjects with NSTEMI, 40 cases with unstable angina pectoris) were recorded. In 1,614 males, records about total and cardiovascular mortality were available. RESULTS Whether the entire populations or males and females have been analyzed separately or not, we have not confirmed the described association between DNA marker rs9818870 and ACS in Czechs (30.4% vs 29.4% carriers of the minor T allele [recessive model], p = 0.54; OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.89-1.24 for males and 32.1% vs 29.7% carriers of the minor T allele, p = 0.28; OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.91-1.37 for females). Types of the ACS (STEMI and NSTEMI) or mortality (in males only) were not associated with the analyzed polymorphism (all p > 0.34). CONCLUSIONS The rs9818870 variant is not associated with ACS or mortality in ACS patients in the Czech Slavonic population.
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Determination of the possible risk of sudden death among professional athletes. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The secondary prevention for ischaemic heart disease after coronary bypass grafting – follow up study. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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SNPs within CHRNA5-A3-B4 and CYP2A6/B6 are associated with smoking dependence but not with tobacco dependence treatment outcomes in the Czech population. Gene 2017; 606:35-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Risk factors in Czech males suffering on myocardial infarction – cholesterol retreat from the fame. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw175.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Adult type associated lactase persistence genotypes in Czech and Roma/Gypsy populations. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw175.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Strong gender-specific additive effects of the NYD-SP18 and FTO variants on BMI values. Physiol Res 2016; 64:S419-26. [PMID: 26680676 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the FTO gene in obesity development is well established in populations around the world. The NYD-SP18 variant has been suggested to have a similar effect on BMI, but the role of this gene in determining BMI has not yet been verified. The objective of our study was to confirm the association between NYD-SP18 rs6971019 SNP and BMI in the Slavic population and to analyze i) the gender-specific effects of NYD-SP18 on BMI and ii) the simultaneous effect of FTO rs17817449 and NYD-SP18 on BMI. We analyzed a sample of a large adult population based on the post-MONICA study (1,191 males and 1,368 females). Individuals were analyzed three times over 9 years. NYD-SP18 rs6971019 SNP is related to BMI in males (2000/1 GG 28.3+/-3.7 kg/m(2) vs. +A 27.5+/-3.7 kg/m(2) P<0.0005; in other examinations P<0.05 and <0.005), but not in females (all P values over 0.48 in all three examinations). Further analysis revealed the significant additive effect (but not the interaction) of FTO and NYD-SP18 SNPs on BMI in males (all P<0.01). These results suggest that association between NYD-SP18 rs6971019 SNP and BMI may be restricted to males. Furthermore, variants within NYD-SP18 and FTO genes revealed a significant additive effect on BMI values in males.
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The risk factors of atherosclerosis in roma population in south bohemia. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rs6922269 marker at the MTHFD1L gene predict cardiovascular mortality in males after acute coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Statin-associated myopathy (SAM) represents a broad spectrum of disorders from insignificant myalgia to fatal rhabdomyolysis. Its frequency ranges from 1-5 % in clinical trials to 15-20 % in everyday clinical practice. To a large extent, these variations can be explained by the definition used. Thus, we propose a scoring system to classify statin-induced myopathy according to clinical and biochemical criteria as 1) possible, 2) probable or 3) definite. The etiology of this disorder remains poorly understood. Most probably, an underlying genetic cause is necessary for overt SAM to develop. Variants in a few gene groups that encode proteins involved in: i) statin metabolism and distribution (e.g. membrane transporters and enzymes; OATP1B1, ABCA1, MRP, CYP3A4), ii) coenzyme Q10 production (e.g. COQ10A and B), iii) energy metabolism of muscle tissue (e.g. PYGM, GAA, CPT2) and several others have been proposed as candidates which can predispose to SAM. Pharmacological properties of individual statin molecules (e.g. lipophilicity, excretion pathways) and patients´ characteristics influence the likelihood of SAM development. This review summarizes current data as well as our own results.
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Gene variants at FTO, 9p21, and 2q36.3 are age-independently associated with myocardial infarction in Czech men. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:119-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Association between polymorphism within the RYR2 receptor and development of statin-associated myalgia/myopathy in the Czech population. Eur J Intern Med 2015; 26:367-8. [PMID: 25753936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Association of MTHFR genetic variants C677T and A1298C on predisposition to spontaneous abortion in Slavonic population. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 440:104-7. [PMID: 25447701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Up to 20% of pregnancies end in the first trimester by spontaneous abortion but the cause of a large proportion remains unexplained. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of two common variants (rs1801133, C677T and rs1801131, A1298C) within the MTHFR gene in the genetic determination of spontaneous abortions. METHODS DNA from 464 tissue samples of spontaneous abortions and population sample of adults (N=2,486) were genotyped for both MTHFR polymorphisms of interest. RESULTS The frequencies of the MTHFR polymorphisms in tissues from spontaneous abortions did not differ from the population cohort. However, when combined, carriers of at least three rs1801133 and/or rs1801131 alleles were more common in the spontaneous abortions (61.4%) than in controls (55.4%) and this combination was associated with higher risk of abortion (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.05-1.57; P=0.017). In contrast, carriers of at least three minor alleles (T677 and C1298) of these polymorphisms were very rare in both groups (0.8% and 0.9% respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that distinct combinations of the MTHFR polymorphisms could be associated with higher risk of spontaneous abortions in Caucasians.
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Lack of an association between SNPs within the cholinergic receptor genes and smoking behavior in a Czech post-MONICA study. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 37:625-30. [PMID: 25505836 PMCID: PMC4261961 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572014005000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking has a significant heritable component of approximately 30–60%. Recent genome wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunits 3 (rs578776), 5 (rs16969968) and β3 (rs6474412), which are associated with nicotine dependence in Western European populations. To analyze the association in a Czech population, we genotyped 1,191 males and 1,368 females (post-MONICA study). The WHO protocol was used to examine smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. There were 32.1% current and 27.6% past smokers among the males and 22.5% current and 13.8% past smokers among the females. We have not confirmed the original results: the SNPs rs16969968 (p = 0.07), rs578776 (p = 0.16) and rs6474412 (p = 0.76) were not associated with smoking status (never-smokers vs. ever-smokers) in the entire population, if a codominant model of analysis was used. This result was valid for both the male and female subpopulations if analyzed separately and adjusted for age. Finally, in ever-smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was also independent of different genotypes, regardless of which polymorphism (and gender) was analyzed (the lowest p value was 0.49). The association between the cholinergic receptors–nicotinic subunits (-3, -5 and -ß3), and smoking behavior may be population-dependent.
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Rare Alleles within theCYP2E1(MEOS System) Could be Associated with Better Short-Term Health Outcome after Acute Methanol Poisoning. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:168-72. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of 130,000 individuals shows smoking does not modify the association of APOE genotype on risk of coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:5-12. [PMID: 25173947 PMCID: PMC4232362 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Conflicting evidence exists on whether smoking acts as an effect modifier of the association between APOE genotype and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods and results We searched PubMed and EMBASE to June 11, 2013 for published studies reporting APOE genotype, smoking status and CHD events and added unpublished data from population cohorts. We tested for presence of effect modification by smoking status in the relationship between APOE genotype and risk of CHD using likelihood ratio test. In total 13 studies (including unpublished data from eight cohorts) with 10,134 CHD events in 130,004 individuals of European descent were identified. The odds ratio (OR) for CHD risk from APOE genotype (ε4 carriers versus non-carriers) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.12) and for smoking (present vs. past/never smokers) was OR 2.05 (95%CI: 1.95, 2.14). When the association between APOE genotype and CHD was stratified by smoking status, compared to non-ε4 carriers, ε4 carriers had an OR of 1.11 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.21) in 28,789 present smokers and an OR of 1.04 (95%CI 0.98, 1.10) in 101,215 previous/never smokers, with no evidence of effect modification (P-value for heterogeneity = 0.19). Analysis of pack years in individual participant data of >60,000 with adjustment for cardiovascular traits also failed to identify evidence of effect modification. Conclusions In the largest analysis to date, we identified no evidence for effect modification by smoking status in the association between APOE genotype and risk of CHD. We examined evidence for an interaction between APOE genotype, smoking and risk of coronary heart disease. This was conducted in the largest meta-analysis of published and unpublished data sets to date (>130,000 individuals). Our analysis did not identify evidence of interaction. These findings bring into question presence of a clinically meaningful interaction between APOE genotype and smoking.
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Prevalence of Gilbert syndrome and UGT1A1*28 status in the Czech population, and their relationship to ischemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Association between marker at chromosome 2 and acute coronary syndrome is modified by statins. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data. BMJ 2014; 349:g4164. [PMID: 25011450 PMCID: PMC4091648 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. PARTICIPANTS 261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 coronary heart disease cases and 10 164 stroke events. Data were available on ADH1B rs1229984 variant, alcohol phenotypes, and cardiovascular biomarkers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratio for coronary heart disease and stroke associated with the ADH1B variant in all individuals and by categories of alcohol consumption. RESULTS Carriers of the A-allele of ADH1B rs1229984 consumed 17.2% fewer units of alcohol per week (95% confidence interval 15.6% to 18.9%), had a lower prevalence of binge drinking (odds ratio 0.78 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.84)), and had higher abstention (odds ratio 1.27 (1.21 to 1.34)) than non-carriers. Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower systolic blood pressure (-0.88 (-1.19 to -0.56) mm Hg), interleukin-6 levels (-5.2% (-7.8 to -2.4%)), waist circumference (-0.3 (-0.6 to -0.1) cm), and body mass index (-0.17 (-0.24 to -0.10) kg/m(2)). Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower odds of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96)). The protective association of the ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele variant remained the same across all categories of alcohol consumption (P=0.83 for heterogeneity). Although no association of rs1229984 was identified with the combined subtypes of stroke, carriers of the A-allele had lower odds of ischaemic stroke (odds ratio 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95)). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with a genetic variant associated with non-drinking and lower alcohol consumption had a more favourable cardiovascular profile and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease than those without the genetic variant. This suggests that reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, is beneficial for cardiovascular health.
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Genetic association study of QT interval highlights role for calcium signaling pathways in myocardial repolarization. Nat Genet 2014; 46:826-36. [PMID: 24952745 PMCID: PMC4124521 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The QT interval, an electrocardiographic measure reflecting myocardial repolarization, is a heritable trait. QT prolongation is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and could indicate the presence of the potentially lethal Mendelian Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). Using a genome-wide association and replication study in up to 100,000 individuals we identified 35 common variant QT interval loci, that collectively explain ∼8-10% of QT variation and highlight the importance of calcium regulation in myocardial repolarization. Rare variant analysis of 6 novel QT loci in 298 unrelated LQTS probands identified coding variants not found in controls but of uncertain causality and therefore requiring validation. Several newly identified loci encode for proteins that physically interact with other recognized repolarization proteins. Our integration of common variant association, expression and orthogonal protein-protein interaction screens provides new insights into cardiac electrophysiology and identifies novel candidate genes for ventricular arrhythmias, LQTS,and SCD.
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Secretory phospholipase A(2)-IIA and cardiovascular disease: a mendelian randomization study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1966-1976. [PMID: 23916927 PMCID: PMC3826105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA in cardiovascular disease. BACKGROUND Higher circulating levels of sPLA2-IIA mass or sPLA2 enzyme activity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, it is not clear if this association is causal. A recent phase III clinical trial of an sPLA2 inhibitor (varespladib) was stopped prematurely for lack of efficacy. METHODS We conducted a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis of 19 general population studies (8,021 incident, 7,513 prevalent major vascular events [MVE] in 74,683 individuals) and 10 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cohorts (2,520 recurrent MVE in 18,355 individuals) using rs11573156, a variant in PLA2G2A encoding the sPLA2-IIA isoenzyme, as an instrumental variable. RESULTS PLA2G2A rs11573156 C allele associated with lower circulating sPLA2-IIA mass (38% to 44%) and sPLA2 enzyme activity (3% to 23%) per C allele. The odds ratio (OR) for MVE per rs11573156 C allele was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98 to 1.06) in general populations and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.03) in ACS cohorts. In the general population studies, the OR derived from the genetic instrumental variable analysis for MVE for a 1-log unit lower sPLA2-IIA mass was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.13), and differed from the non-genetic observational estimate (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.79). In the ACS cohorts, both the genetic instrumental variable and observational ORs showed a null association with MVE. Instrumental variable analysis failed to show associations between sPLA2 enzyme activity and MVE. CONCLUSIONS Reducing sPLA2-IIA mass is unlikely to be a useful therapeutic goal for preventing cardiovascular events.
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[Not Available]. VNITRNI LEKARSTVI 2013; 59:759. [PMID: 24187716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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APOA5 haplotypes determine triglyceride decrease after lifestyle induced weight loss in children. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:e22-e23. [PMID: 22796346 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and liver cirrhosis: coincidence and differences in lifestyle. Pancreatology 2012; 12:311-6. [PMID: 22898631 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) and liver cirrhosis (ALC) are sequels of excessive alcohol intake. They develop in a minority of long-term alcohol consumers. Their concomitant occurrence is rare and the organ selection remains unknown. The aim of study was to compare patients with ACP and ALC with respect to their lifestyle. METHODS Sixty-six patients with ACP and 80 with ALC were personally interviewed about their lifestyle, drinking, and eating habits. RESULTS The groups of ACP (60 males, 6 females) and ALC (64 males, 16 females) did not differ in the amount of alcohol intake (58 g/day vs. 64 g/day). Significantly more patients with ACP reported first alcohol contact before the age of 15 (28.5% vs. 88%; p=0.03). ACP patients had the highest alcohol intake between 20 and 30 years of age (43.6% vs. 20.3%; p<0.01), were more likely to smoke (92.4% vs. 78.7%; p=0.02) and more likely to start smoking before the age of 15 (16.7% vs. 3.7%; p=0.04). Patients with ACP had a lower level of education (p<0.01). We did not observe significant differences between the dietary habits of the groups. The incidence of cirrhosis in ACP patients was 16.7%. The incidence of pancreatitis in the ACL group was 2.5%. CONCLUSION The socio-behavioral factors affecting development of either ACP or ALC differed. ACP was associated with an early onset of drinking and smoking, highest alcohol intake at a young age, and a lower level of education. Simultaneous occurrence was unusual. Supported by grant IGAMZ NS/10527-3.
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Lack of an association between three tagging SNPs within the FTO gene and smoking behavior. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 14:998-1002. [PMID: 22157232 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using genome-wide screening, a polymorphism within the second intron of the FTO gene (rs2302673) was found to be associated with smoking habits in females. In a population-based, cross-sectional study, we analyzed three tagging FTO single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for their association with smoking behavior. METHODS Subjects from the Czech post-MONICA study, including 1,191 adult males (32.1% smokers) and 1,368 adult females (22.5% smokers) were included in this study. Smoking habits were obtained through questionnaire data analysis, and three FTO tagging SNPs were genotyped (rs17817449: intron 1, rs2302673: intron 2, and rs17818902: intron 3). RESULTS We detected slightly lower frequencies (p = .043) of the GG genotype of the rs17818902 SNP in males who quit smoking compared with others. However, the significance disappeared after adjusting for multiple testing. Within the entire population, or in either males or females alone, we failed to detect a significant difference between other FTO genotypes and smoking status. Also, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was independent of individual FTO genotypes in both genders. CONCLUSIONS We did not find an association between the FTO gene tagging variants and smoking status. FTO is unlikely to be a major genetic determinant of smoking status.
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Analysis of the Potential Role of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism in Genetic Predisposition to Spontaneous Abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 67:179-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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The FTO gene polymorphism is associated with end-stage renal disease: two large independent case-control studies in a general population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:1030-5. [PMID: 21788373 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies identified the FTO (fat mass and obesity gene) gene as an important determinant of body weight. More recently, the FTO gene was reported to be associated with other outcomes, including major risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the role of this gene in the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) caused by CKD. METHODS We conducted two large population-based case-control studies of ESRD. Study 1 compared 984 haemodialysed patients with ESRD with 2501 participants in the Czech post-MONICA study; Study 2 compared 1188 patients included in a kidney transplantation programme for ESRD with 6681 participants in the Czech HAPIEE study. The frequencies of the FTO rs17817449 single nucleotide polymorphism genotype were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS The FTO rs17817449 genotype was significantly associated with CKD in both studies (P-values 0.00004 and 0.006, respectively). In the pooled data, the odds ratios of CKD for GG and GT, versus TT genotype, were 1.37 (95% confidence interval 1.20-1.56) and 1.17 (1.05-1.31), respectively (P for trend <0.0001). Among haemodialysed and kidney transplant patients, the onset of ESRD in GG homozygotes was 3.3 (P = 0.012) and 2.5 (P = 0.032) years, respectively, earlier than in TT homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS These two large independent case-control studies in the general population found robust associations between the FTO rs17817449 polymorphism and the ESRD. The results suggest that the morbidities associated with the FTO gene include CKD.
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633 AHSG GENE POLYMORPHISM AFFECTS PLASMA LEVELS OF NON-HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN CAUCASIANS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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630 PHARMACOGENETICS OF STATIN TREATMENT EFFICACY: ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIATION AT EIGHT CANDIDATE GENE LOCI. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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