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Liang WZ, Chia YY, Sun HJ, Sun GC. Exploration of beauvericin's toxic effects and mechanisms in human astrocytes and N-acetylcysteine's protective role. Toxicon 2024; 243:107734. [PMID: 38670497 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA) is a newly identified mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species, and its contamination in food and animal feed is widespread globally. This mycotoxin demonstrates cytotoxic effects by inducing oxidative stress in multiple models. Furthermore, evidence indicates that BEA possesses diverse toxic activities, making it a promising candidate for toxicological research. Recent studies have highlighted the ability of BEA to traverse the blood-brain barrier, suggesting its potential neurotoxicity. However, limited information is available regarding the neurotoxic effects of BEA on human astrocytes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the neurotoxic effects of BEA on the Gibco® Human Astrocyte (GHA) cell line and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the protective effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against BEA-induced toxicity. The data show that exposure to BEA within the 2.5-15 μM concentration range resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. BEA-treated cells exhibited significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while intracellular glutathione (GSH) content was significantly reduced. Western blot analysis of cells treated with BEA revealed altered protein levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and caspase-3, along with an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, indicating the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, BEA exposure triggered antioxidant responses, as evidenced by increased protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. Significantly, pretreatment with NAC partially attenuated the significant toxic effects of BEA. In conclusion, our findings suggest that BEA-induced cytotoxicity in GHA cells involves oxidative stress-associated apoptosis. Furthermore, NAC demonstrates potential as a protective agent against BEA-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, 90741, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yi Chia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jhih Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Ching Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114202, Taiwan.
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Hsu SS, Lin YS, Chen HC, Liang WZ. Involvement of oxidative stress-related apoptosis in chlorpyrifos-induced cytotoxicity and the ameliorating potential of the antioxidant vitamin E in human glioblastoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:2143-2154. [PMID: 37283489 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs), which are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals for the control of a wide variety of pests, are however associated with various adverse reactions in animals and humans. Chlorpyrifos, an OP, has been shown to cause various health complications due to ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. The mechanisms underlying the adverse effect of chlorpyrifos on neurotoxicity have not been elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to determine the mechanism of chlorpyrifos-induced cytotoxicity and to examine whether the antioxidant vitamin E (VE) ameliorated these cytotoxic effects using DBTRG-05MG, a human glioblastoma cell line. The DBTRG-05MG cells were treated with chlorpyrifos, VE, or chlorpyrifos plus VE and compared with the untreated control cells. Chlorpyrifos induced a significant decrease in cell viability and caused morphological changes in treated cultures. Furthermore, chlorpyrifos led to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanied by a decrease in the level of reduced glutathione. Additionally, chlorpyrifos induced apoptosis by upregulating the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-3 and by downregulating the protein levels of Bcl-2. Moreover, chlorpyrifos modulated the antioxidant response by increasing the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. However, VE reversed the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos treatment in DBTRG-05MG cells. Overall, these findings suggest that chlorpyrifos causes cytotoxicity through oxidative stress, a process that may play an important role in the development of chlorpyrifos-associated glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pingtung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lin YS, Chen WY, Liang WZ. Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by the Pyrethroid Bioallethrin in Human Glioblastoma Cells: The Protective Effect of Vitamin E (VE) and Its Underlying Mechanism. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:880-889. [PMID: 35511042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioallethrin belongs to the family of pyrethroid insecticides. Previous studies have shown that bioallethrin affected the function of muscarinic receptor and subsequently induced neurotoxicity in different brain models. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in the metabolic course of the human body, which can cause human damage when overactivated. However, whether bioallethrin evokes cytotoxicity through ROS signaling and whether the antioxidant Vitamin E (VE) protects these cytotoxic responses in human glial cell model are still elusive. This study investigated the effect of bioallethrin on cytotoxicity through ROS signaling and evaluated the protective effect of the antioxidant VE in DBTRG-05MG human glioblastoma cells. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to measure cell viability. Intracellular ROS and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured by a cellular assay kit. The levels of apoptosis- and antioxidant-related protein were analyzed by Western blotting. In DBTRG-05MG cells, bioallethrin (25-75 μM) concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity by increasing ROS productions, decreasing GSH contents, and regulating protein expressions related to apoptosis or antioxidation. Furthermore, these cytotoxic effects were partially reversed by VE (20 μM) pretreatment. Together, VE partially lessened bioallethrin-induced apoptosis through oxidative stress in DBTRG-05MG cells. The data assist us in identifying the toxicological mechanism of bioallethrin and offer future development of the antioxidant VE to reduce brain damage caused by bioallethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Shang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan
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Hsu SS, Lin YS, Liang WZ. Inhibition of the pesticide rotenone-induced Ca 2+ signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HCN-2 neuronal cells by the phenolic compound hydroxytyrosol. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 179:104979. [PMID: 34802529 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone, a plant-derived pesticide belonging to genera Derris and Lonchorcarpus, is an inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase complex. Studies have shown that rotenone was applied as a neurotoxic agent in various neuronal models. Hydroxytyrosol [2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethanol] is a natural phenolic compound found in the olive (Olea europaea L.). Studies of hydroxytyrosol have dramatically increased because this compound may contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Although hydroxytyrosol has received increasing attention due to its multiple pharmacological activities, it is not explored whether hydroxytyrosol inhibited rotenone-induced cytotoxicity in the neuronal cell model. The aim of this study was to explore whether hydroxytyrosol prevented rotenone-induced Ca2+ signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HCN-2 neuronal cell line. In HCN-2 cells, rotenone (5-30 μM) concentration-dependently induced cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) rises and cytotoxicity. Treatment with hydroxytyrosol (30 μM) reversed rotenone (20 μM)-induced cytotoxic responses. In Ca2+-containing medium, rotenone-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 2-APB (a store-operated Ca2+ channel modulator) or hydroxytyrosol. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor) or hydroxytyrosol significantly inhibited rotenone-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Furthermore, treatment with hydroxytyrosol reversed ROS levels, cytotoxic responses, and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPX and CAT) in rotenone-treated cells. Together, in HCN-2 cells, rotenone induced Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and caused oxidative stress. Moreover, hydroxytyrosol ameliorated Ca2+ or ROS-associated cytotoxicity. It suggests that hydroxytyrosol might have a protective effect on rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in human neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
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Hsu SS, Lin YS, Liang WZ. Investigation of cytotoxic effect of the bufanolide steroid compound cinobufagin and its related underlying mechanism in brain cell models. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22862. [PMID: 34309954 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cinobufagin, a bufadienolide of toad venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans, is used as a cardiotonic, central nervous system (CNS) respiratory agent, as well as an analgesic and anesthetic. However, several research showed that bufadienolide has a few side effects on the CNS, such as breathlessness or coma. Although cinobufagin was shown to display pharmacological effects in various models, the toxic effect of cinobufagin is elusive in brain cell models. The aim of this study was to explore whether cinobufagin affected viability, Ca2+ homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Gibco® Human Astrocyte (GHA) and HCN-2 neuronal cell line. In GHA cells but not in HCN-2 cells, cinobufagin (20-60 μM) induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. In terms of cell viability, chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid reduced cinobufagin-induced cytotoxicity in GHA cells. In GHA cells, cinobufagin-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate or SKF96365. In a Ca2+ -free medium, treatment with thapsigargin or U73122 abolished cinobufagin-evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. Furthermore, treatment with N-acetylcysteine reversed ROS production and cytotoxicity in cinobufagin-treated GHA cells. Together, in GHA cells but not in HCN-2 cells cinobufagin caused cytotoxicity that was linked to preceding [Ca2+ ]i rises by Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ entry and phospholipase C-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, cinobufagin induced ROS-associated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Shieh P, Hsu SS, Liang WZ. Mechanisms underlying protective effects of vitamin E against mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-induced oxidative stress and its related cytotoxicity in primary human brain endothelial cells. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:1375-1388. [PMID: 33818898 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins are one of the largest families of mycotoxins. Among these mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol is the most widespread pollutant of grains. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of deoxynivalenol on cytotoxicity in human brain endothelial cells was still unclear. This study examined whether deoxynivalenol induced oxidative stress-associated cytotoxicity in primary human brain endothelial cells (HBEC-5i), and explored whether Vitamin E (VE), a selective antioxidant, had protective effects on deoxynivalenol-treated cells. Deoxynivalenol (10-50 μM) concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity in HBEC-5i cells. Deoxynivalenol (IC50 = 20 μM) activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by modulating antioxidant protein expressions (Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1). More significantly, pre-treatment with VE (20 μM) attenuated the deoxynivalenol-induced cytotoxicity in this cell model. Together, VE significantly alleviated the apoptotic effects of deoxynivalenol in HBEC-5i cells suggesting that it protected the cells against deoxynivalenol-induced oxidative damage. Our findings provided new insight that VE had the potential to ameliorate neurotoxicity of deoxynivalenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Hsu SS, Lin YS, Liang WZ. Mechanism of action of a diterpene alkaloid hypaconitine on cytotoxicity and inhibitory effect of BAPTA-AM in HCN-2 neuronal cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:801-810. [PMID: 33609056 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypaconitine, a neuromuscular blocker, is a diterpene alkaloid found in the root of Aconitum carmichaelii. Although hypaconitine was shown to affect various physiological responses in neurological models, the effect of hypaconitine on cell viability and the mechanism of its action of Ca2+ handling is elusive in cortical neurons. This study examined whether hypaconitine altered viability and Ca2+ signalling in HCN-2 neuronal cell lines. Cell viability was measured by the cell proliferation reagent (WST-1). Cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+ ]i was measured by the Ca2+ -sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. In HCN-2 cells, hypaconitine (10-50 μmol/L) induced cytotoxicity and [Ca2+ ]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ partially reduced the hypaconitine's effect on [Ca2+ ]i rises. Furthermore, chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM reduced hypaconitine's cytotoxicity. In Ca2+ -containing medium, hypaconitine-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by modulators (2-APB and SKF96365) of store-operated Ca2+ channels and a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (GF109203X). Hypaconitine induced Mn2+ influx indirectly suggesting that hypaconitine evoked Ca2+ entry. In Ca2+ -free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished hypaconitine-induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. Conversely, treatment with hypaconitine inhibited thapsigargin-induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. However, inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 did not inhibit hypaconitine-induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. Together, hypaconitine caused cytotoxicity that was linked to preceding [Ca2+ ]i rises by Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ entry involved PKC regulation and evoking PLC-independent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Because BAPTA-AM loading only partially reversed hypaconitine-induced cell death, it suggests that hypaconitine induced a second Ca2+ -independent cytotoxicity in HCN-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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Sun GC, Liang WZ. Mechanism of a methylxanthine drug theophylline-induced Ca 2+ signaling and cytotoxicity in AML12 mouse hepatocytes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 9:790-797. [PMID: 33447363 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Theophylline is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases. However, the impact of theophylline on Ca2+ signaling has not been explored in liver cells. This study examined whether theophylline affected Ca2+ homeostasis and its related cytotoxicity in AML12 mouse hepatocytes. Cell viability was measured by the cell viability reagent (WST-1). Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. Theophylline (25-125 μM) induced [Ca2+]i rises and cause cytotoxicity in AML12 cells. This cytotoxic response was reversed by chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA/AM. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished theophylline-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with theophylline also abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca2+]i rises. However, inhibition of PLC failed to alter theophylline-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. In Ca2+-containing medium, modulators of store-operated Ca2+ channels inhibited 30% of the [Ca2+]i rises, whereas the PKC modulators had no effect. Furthermore, theophylline-induced Ca2+ influx was confirmed by Mn2+-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Together, in AML12 cells, theophylline caused Ca2+-associated cytotoxicity and induced Ca2+ entry through PLC-independent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and PKC-insensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels. BAPTA-AM with its protective effects may be a potential compound for prevention of theophylline-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Ching Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
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Chen IS, Liang WZ, Wang JL, Kuo CC, Hao LJ, Chou CT, Jan CR. Exploration of thioridazine-induced Ca 2+ signaling and non-Ca 2+-triggered cell death in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2020; 63:187-194. [PMID: 32859886 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_45_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioridazine, belonging to first-generation antipsychotic drugs, is a prescription used to treat schizophrenia. However, the effect of thioridazine on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and viability in human liver cancer cells is unclear. This study examined whether thioridazine altered Ca2+ signaling and viability in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Ca2+ concentrations in suspended cells were measured using the fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2. Cell viability was examined by WST-1 assay. Thioridazine at concentrations of 25-100 μM induced [Ca2+]i rises. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by 20%. Thioridazine (100 μM) induced Mn2+ influx suggesting of Ca2+ entry. Thioridazine-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 20% by protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate) and inhibitor (GF109203X) and by three inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels: nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) abolished thioridazine-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. On the other hand, thioridazine preincubation completely inhibited the [Ca2+]i rises induced by TG. Furthermore, U73122 totally suppressed the [Ca2+]i rises induced by thioridazine via inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC). Regarding cytotoxicity, at 30-80 μM, thioridazine reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent fashion. This cytotoxicity was not prevented by preincubation with 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM) (a Ca2+ chelator). To conclude, thioridazine caused concentration-dependent [Ca2+]i rises in HepG2 human hepatoma cells by inducing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum via PLC-associated pathways and Ca2+ influx from extracellular medium through PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. In addition, thioridazine induced cytotoxicity in a Ca2+-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Lyh-Jyh Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital Tainan Branch; Chung Hwa University of Medical and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Cheng HH, Liang WZ, Liao WC, Kuo CC, Hao LJ, Chou CT, Jan CR. Investigation of effect of tectorigenin (O-methylated isoflavone) on Ca 2+ signal transduction and cytotoxic responses in canine renal tubular cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2020; 63:60-67. [PMID: 32341231 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_14_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tectorigenin, a traditional Chinese medicine, is isolated from the flower of plants such as Pueraria thomsonii Benth. It is an O-methylated isoflavone, a type of flavonoid. Previous studies have shown that tectorigenin evoked various physiological responses in different models, but the effect of tectorigenin on cytosolic-free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and cytotoxicity in renal tubular cells is unknown. Our research explored if tectorigenin changed Ca2+ signal transduction and viability in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) renal tubular cells. [Ca2+]iin suspended cells were measured by applying the fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive probe fura-2. Viability was explored by using water-soluble tetrazolium-1 as a fluorescent dye. Tectorigenin at concentrations of 5-50 μM induced [Ca2+]irises. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by approximately 20%. Tectorigenin (50 μM) induced Mn2+ influx suggesting of Ca2+ entry. Tectorigenin-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 10% by three inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels, namely, nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin inhibited 83% of tectorigenin-evoked [Ca2+]irises. Conversely, treatment with tectorigenin abolished thapsigargin-evoked [Ca2+]irises. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 inhibited 50% of tectorigenin-induced [Ca2+]irises. Tectorigenin at concentrations between 10 and 60 μM killed cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid/acetoxy methyl did not reverse tectorigenin's cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that, in MDCK cells, tectorigenin evoked [Ca2+]irises and induced cell death that was not associated with [Ca2+]irises. Therefore, tectorigenin may be a Ca2+-independent cytotoxic agent for kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chuan Liao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Lyh-Jyh Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch; Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Hsu SS, Liang WZ. Ca 2+ signaling as a mechanism of haloperidol-induced cytotoxicity in human astrocytes and assessing the protective role of a Ca 2+ chelator. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2117-2127. [PMID: 32594194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic medication, has been shown to possess various biological effects in different brain models. However, the impact of haloperidol on Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes is elusive. This study explored the effect of haloperidol on cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and viability, and established these two connections in Gibco® Human Astrocytes (GHAs) and DI TNC1 rat astrocytes. Haloperidol (5-20 μM) caused [Ca2+]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner in GHAs but not in DI TNC1 cells. Furthermore, removal of extracellular Ca2+ reduced haloperidol's effect by approximately 30% in GHAs. Haloperidol (20-40 μM) evoked concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in GHAs and DI TNC1 cells. However, chelating cytosolic Ca2+ with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA/AM significantly reversed haloperidol's cytotoxicity only in GHAs. In GHAs, haloperidol-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by store-operated Ca2+ modulators (2-APB and SKF96365) and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. This Ca2+ entry induced by haloperidol was confirmed by Mn2+ entry-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished haloperidol-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with haloperidol inhibited 45% of BHQ-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Moreover, haloperidol-induced Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum was abolished by inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) by U73122. Together, in GHAs but not in DI TNC1 cells, haloperidol caused Ca2+-associated cell death, induced Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels, and evoked PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protective effect of Ca2+ chelating on haloperidol-induced cytotoxicity in human astrocytes was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.,College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, 90741, Taiwan.
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12
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Hsu SS, Liang WZ. Cytotoxic Effects of Mesaconitine, the Aconitum carmichaelii Debx Bioactive Compound, on HBEC-5i Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Role of Ca 2+ Signaling-Mediated Pathway. Neurotox Res 2020; 39:256-265. [PMID: 32588354 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesaconitine, one of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx bioactive compounds, was shown to evoke Ca2+ homeostasis and its related physiological effects in endothelial cell types. However, the effect of mesaconitine on Ca2+ signaling and cell viability in human brain microvascular endothelial cells is unclear. This study focused on exploring whether mesaconitine changed cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i), affected cell viability, and established the relationship between Ca2+ signaling and viability in HBEC-5i human brain microvascular endothelial cells. In HBEC-5i cells, cell viability was measured by the cell proliferation reagent (WST-1). [Ca2+]i was measured by the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. Mesaconitine (10-100 μM) concentration dependently induced [Ca2+]i rises. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by approximately 25%. Mesaconitine (40-100 μM) caused cytotoxicity in HBEC-5i cells. This cytotoxic response was significantly reversed by chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA/AM. In Ca2+-containing medium, mesaconitine-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 25% by modulators of store-operated Ca2+ channels and protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, mesaconitine also induced Mn2+ influx suggesting of Ca2+ entry. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished mesaconitine-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with mesaconitine abolished thapsigargin-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished mesaconitine-induced [Ca2+]i rises. In sum, mesaconitine caused cytotoxicity that was triggered by preceding [Ca2+]i rises. Furthermore, mesaconitine induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels and PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. It suggests that Ca2+ signaling have a potential cytotoxic effect on mesaconitine-treated human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.,College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu, Pingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, 90741, Taiwan.
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Sun GC, Jan CR, Liang WZ. Exploring the impact of a naturally occurring sapogenin diosgenin on underlying mechanisms of Ca 2+ movement and cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:395-403. [PMID: 31709706 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Literature has shown that diosgenin, a naturally occurring sapogenin, inducedcytotoxic effects in many cancer models. This study investigated the effect of diosgenin on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i) and cytotoxicity in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Diosgenin (250-1000 μM) caused [Ca2+ ]i rises which was reduced by Ca2+ removal. Treatment with thapsigargin eliminated diosgenin-induced [Ca2+ ]i increases. In contrast, incubation with diosgeninabolished thapsigargin-caused [Ca2+ ]i increases. Suppression of phospholipase C with U73122 eliminated diosgenin-caused [Ca2+ ]i increases. Diosgenin evoked Mn2+ influx suggesting that diosgenin induced Ca2+ entry. Diosgenin-induced Ca2+ influx was suppressed by PMA, GF109203X, and nifedipine, econazole, or SKF96365. Diosgenin (250-600 μM) concentration-dependently decreased cell viability. However, diosgenin-induced cytotoxicity was not reversed by chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA/AM. Together, diosgenin evoked [Ca2+ ]i increases via Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx, and caused Ca2+ -non-associated deathin PC3 cells. These findings reveal a newtherapeutic potential of diosgenin for human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Ching Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sun GC, Liang WZ, Jan CR. Mechanisms underlying the effect of an oral antihyperglycaemic agent glyburide on calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) movement and its related cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:111-118. [PMID: 31529508 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glyburide is an agent commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes and also affects various physiological responses in different models. However, the effect of glyburide on Ca2+ movement and its related cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells is unclear. This study examined whether glyburide altered Ca2+ signalling and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells and investigated those underlying mechanisms. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+ ]i ) in suspended cells were measured by using the fluorescent Ca2+ -sensitive dye fura-2. Cell viability was examined by WST-1 assay. Glyburide at concentrations of 100-1000 μM induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by approximately 60%. In Ca2+ -containing medium, glyburide-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 60% by protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and inhibitor (GF109203X), and modulators of store-operated Ca2+ channels (nifedipine, econazole and SKF96365). Furthermore, glyburide induced Mn2+ influx suggesting of Ca2+ entry. In Ca2+ -free medium, inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 significantly inhibited glyburide-induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished glyburide-evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. Conversely, treatment with glyburide abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. Glyburide at 100-500 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Together, in PC3 cells, glyburide induced [Ca2+ ]i rises by Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ release from the ER in a PLC-dependent manner. Glyburide also caused Ca2+ -independent cell death. This study suggests that glyburide could serve as a potential agent for treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Ching Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Lu T, Liang WZ, Hao LJ, Kuo CC, Shieh P, Chou CT, Jan CR. Action of chlorzoxazone on Ca 2+movement and viability in human oral cancer cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2019; 62:123-130. [PMID: 31249266 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_20_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorzoxazone is a skeletal muscle relaxant. However, the effect of chlorzoxazone on intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in oral cancer cells is unclear. This study examined whether chlorzoxazone altered Ca2+ signaling and cell viability in OC2 human oral cancer cells. [Ca2+]iin suspended cells was measured using the fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2. Cell viability was examined by water-soluble tetrazolium-1 assay. Chlorzoxazone (250-1000 μM) induced [Ca2+]irises in a concentration-dependent manner. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by approximately 50%. Mn2+ has been shown to enter cells through similar mechanisms as Ca2+ but quenches fura-2 fluorescence at all excitation wavelengths. Chlorzoxazone (1000 μM) induced Mn2+ influx, suggesting that Ca2+ entry occurred. Chlorzoxazone-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 20% by inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels and protein kinase C (PKC) modulators. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) inhibited chlorzoxazone-evoked [Ca2+]irises by 88%. Conversely, treatment with chlorzoxazone-suppressed TG-evoked [Ca2+]irises 75%. Chlorzoxazone induced [Ca2+]irises by exclusively releasing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 did not alter chlorzoxazone-induced [Ca2+]irises. PLC activity was not involved in chlorzoxazone-evoked [Ca2+]irises. Chlorzoxazone at 200-700 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/acetoxy methyl. In sum, in OC2 cells, chlorzoxazone induced [Ca2+]irises by evoking PLC-independent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. Chlorzoxazone also caused Ca2+-independent cell death. Since [Ca2+]irises play a triggering or modulatory role in numerous cellular phenomena, the effect of chlorzoxazone on [Ca2+]iand cell viability should be taken into account in other in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Lyh-Jyh Hao
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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16
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Cheng HH, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Hao LJ, Chou CT, Jan CR. The exploration of effect of terfenadine on Ca 2+ signaling in renal tubular cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:73-79. [PMID: 31184240 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1620777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Terfenadine, an antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic conditions, affected Ca2+-related physiological responses in various models. However, the effect of terfenadine on cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and its related physiology in renal tubular cells is unknown. This study examined whether terfenadine altered Ca2+ signaling and caused cytotoxicity in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) renal tubular cells. The Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was used to measure [Ca2+]i. Cell viability was measured by the fluorescent reagent 4-[3-[4-lodophenyl]-2-4(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio-1,3-benzene disulfonate] water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay. Terfenadine at concentrations of 100-1000 μM induced [Ca2+]i rises concentration dependently. The response was reduced by approximately 35% by removing extracellular Ca2+. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) partly inhibited terfenadine-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with terfenadine abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 inhibited 95% of terfenadine-induced Ca2+ release. Terfenadine-induced Ca2+ entry was supported by Mn2+-caused quenching of fura-2 fluorescence. Terfenadine-induced Ca2+ entry was partly inhibited by an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) and by three modulators of store-operated Ca2+ channels (nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365). Terfenadine at 200-300 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Together, in MDCK cells, terfenadine induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. Furthermore, terfenadine caused cell death that was not triggered by preceding [Ca2+]i rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Hsiung Cheng
- a Department of Medicine , Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital , Changhua , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- b Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,c Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- d Department of Nursing , Tzu Hui Institute of Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Lyh-Jyh Hao
- e Department of Metabolism , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- f Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Chia-Yi , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- b Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Sun G, Chen H, Liang WZ, Jan CR. Exploration of the effect of the alkaloid colchicine on Ca2+ handling and its related physiology in human oral cancer cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:179-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hsu SS, Jan CR, Liang WZ. Uncovering malathion (an organophosphate insecticide) action on Ca 2+ signal transduction and investigating the effects of BAPTA-AM (a cell-permeant Ca 2+ chelator) on protective responses in glial cells. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 157:152-160. [PMID: 31153463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Malathion, one of commonly used organophosphate insecticides, has a wide range of toxic actions in different models. However, the effect of this compound on Ca2+ homeostasis and its related cytotoxicity in glial cells is elusive. This study examined whether malathion evoked intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rises and established the relationship between Ca2+ signaling and cytotoxicity in normal human astrocytes, rat astrocytes and human glioblastoma cells. The data show that malathion induced concentration-dependent [Ca2+]i rises in Gibco® Human Astrocytes (GHA cells), but not in DI TNC1 normal rat astrocytes and DBTRG-05MG human glioblastoma cells. In GHA cells, this Ca2+ signal response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+. In Ca2+-free medium, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished malathion-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, incubation with malathion abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 also blocked malathion-induced [Ca2+]i rises. In Ca2+-containing medium, malathion-induced [Ca2+]i rises was inhibited by store-operated Ca2+ channel blockers (2-APB, econazole or SKF96365) and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. Malathion (5-25 μM) concentration-dependently caused cytotoxicity in GHA, DI TNC1 and DBTRG-05MG cells. This cytotoxic effect was partially prevented by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM (a selective Ca2+ chelator) only in GHA cells. Together, in GHA but not in DI TNC1 and DBTRG-05MG cells, malathion induced [Ca2+]i rises by inducing PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, malathion induced Ca2+-associated cytotoxicity, suggesting that Ca2+ chelating may have a protective effect on malathion-induced cytotoxicity in normal human astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
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Shieh P, Jan CR, Liang WZ. The protective effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against oxidative stress-associated apoptosis evoked by the organophosphorus insecticide malathion in normal human astrocytes. Toxicology 2019; 417:1-14. [PMID: 30769050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malathion is one of the most widely used organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture. However, malathion may be involved in the etiology of human brain dysfunction. Induction of ROS has been proposed as a mechanism of malathion-induced poisoning cases, but there are few data regarding the effects of malathion on oxidative stress-associated neurotoxicity in human glial cells. The aim was to explore the mechanism underlying effects of malathion on neurotoxicity in Gibco® Human Astrocytes (GHA cells) and evaluate the protective effects of the antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine, NAC). Cell viability was measured by the cell proliferation reagent (WST-1). Antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and catalase) were measured by an ELISA reader. Cell cycle distribution and ROS productions were detected by flow cytometry. Cell cycle-related protein levels (cyclin E1, CDK2, cyclin A2, CDK1/CDC2, or cyclin B1) and apoptotic protein levels (Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-3) were analyzed by Western blotting. In GHA cells, treatment with malathion (10-25 μM) for 24 h concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest. In terms of oxidative stresses, malathion elevated intracellular ROS levels, but reduced glutathion and antioxidant enzyme levels. Treatment with NAC (5 μM) reversed malathion-induced oxidative stress responses, and prevented malathion-evoked apoptosis by regulating apoptotic protein expressions. Together, in GHA cells, NAC mediated inhibition of malathion-activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways that involved cell cycle arrest and ROS responses. These data provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms behind malathion poisoning, and might suggest that NAC with its protective effects may be a potential compound for prevention of malathion-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, 90741, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, 90741, Taiwan, ROC.
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20
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Wang JL, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Wu CJ, Kuo CC, Hao LJ, Shieh P, Jan CR. Effects of timolol on Ca2+ handling and viability in human prostate cancer cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:138-145. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1540024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cherng-Jer Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Pingtung Branch, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Lyh-Jyh Hao
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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21
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Woldegiorgis BH, Lin CJ, Liang WZ. Impact of parallax and interpupillary distance on size judgment performances of virtual objects in stereoscopic displays. Ergonomics 2019; 62:76-87. [PMID: 30235062 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1526328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective interactions in both real and stereoscopic environments require accurate perceptions of size and position. This study investigated the effects of parallax and interpupillary distance (IPD) on size perception of virtual objects in widescreen stereoscopic environments. Twelve participants viewed virtual spherical targets displayed at seven different depth positions, based on seven parallax levels. A perceptual matching task using five circular plates of different sizes was used to report the size judgment. The results indicated that the virtual objects were perceived as larger and smaller than the corresponding theoretical sizes, respectively, in negative and positive parallaxes. Similarly, the estimates from participants with small IPDs were greater than the predicted estimates. The findings of this study are used to explain human factor issues such as the phenomenon of inaccurate depth judgments in virtual environments, where compression is widely reported, especially at farther egocentric distances. Furthermore, a multiple regression model was developed to describe how the size was affected by parallax and IPD. Practitioner Summary: The study investigates the effects of parallax and interpupillary distance on size perception of virtual targets in a stereoscopic environment. Virtual objects were perceived as larger in negative and smaller in positive parallax. Also, size estimates were greater than the theoretical sizes for participants with smaller IPD. A multiple-regression model explains the impact of parallax and measured IPD. Abbreviations IPD interpupillary distance VR virtual eality HMD head mounted-displays 2AFC two-alternative forced choice IOD interocular distance PD pupillary distance ANOVA analysis of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Haile Woldegiorgis
- a Department of Industrial Management , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei City , Taiwan
- b Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , Bahir Dar University , Bahir Dar , Ethiopia
| | - Chiuhsiang Joe Lin
- a Department of Industrial Management , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- c National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
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22
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Liao WC, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Hao LJ, Kuo CC, Lin KL, Wang JL, Jan CR. Exploration of Niflumic Acid’s Action on Ca²⁺ Movement and Cell Viability in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2018; 61:341-348. [PMID: 30580504 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2018.bah635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Niflumic acid, a drug used for joint and muscular pain, affected Ca²⁺ signaling in different
models. However, the effect of niflumic acid on Ca²⁺ homeostasis and Ca²⁺-related physiology
in human osteosarcoma cells is unknown. This study examined the effect of niflumic acid on
cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Intracellular Ca²⁺
concentrations in suspended cells were monitored by using the fluorescent Ca²⁺-sensitive dye fura-
2. Cell viability was examined by using 4-[3-[4-lodophenyl]-2-4(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio-
1,3-benzene disulfonate] water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1). In MG63 cells, niflumic acid at
concentrations of 250-750 μM evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises concentration-dependently. Niflumic acid-evoked
Ca²⁺ entry was confirmed by Mn²⁺-induced quenching of fura-2 fluorescence. This entry
was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol
12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA), but was not affected by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. In Ca²⁺-
free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG)
inhibited niflumic acid-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Conversely, treatment with niflumic acid abolished TG-evoked
[Ca²⁺]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 also partly reduced niflumic
acid-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Niflumic acid killed cells at 200-500 μM in a concentration-dependent
fashion. Chelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid/
AM (BAPTA/AM) did not reverse niflumic acid-induced cytotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggest
that in MG63 cells, niflumic acid induced [Ca²⁺]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from
the endoplasmic reticulum, and Ca²⁺ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. Niflumic
acid also induced Ca²⁺-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chuan Liao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lyh-Jyh Hao
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ko-Long Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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23
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Hsu SS, Jan CR, Liang WZ. The investigation of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT)-affected Ca 2+ homeostasis and -activated Ca 2+-associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in normal human astrocytes: The evaluation of protective effects of BAPTA-AM (a selective Ca 2+ chelator). Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:97-107. [PMID: 30292652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to insecticides has been found to have deleterious effects on human health. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), a mixture of isomers of cyhalothrin, is a pyrethroid insecticide routinely used in pest control programs. LCT was reported to cause neurotoxic effects in various models. However, the mechanism of underlying effect of LCT on cytotoxicity in normal human brain cells is still elusive. This study examined whether LCT affected Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+-related physiology in Gibco® Human Astrocytes (GHA cells), and explored whether BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid), a selective Ca2+ chelator, has protective effects on LCT-treated GHA cells. The data show that LCT (10-15 μM) concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity in both GHA cells and DI TNC1 normal rat astrocytes but only induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rises in GHA cells. In terms of Ca2+ signaling in GHA cells, LCT-induced [Ca2+]i rises were reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+ and were inhibited by store-operated Ca2+ channel modulators (2-APB, econazole or SKF96365). In Ca2+-free medium, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished LCT-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, incubation with LCT abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Regarding cytotoxicity, LCT evoked apoptosis by regulating apoptotic protein expressions (Bax, BCl-2, cleaved caspase-9/-3). This apoptotic response was significantly inhibited by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM. Together, in GHA cells, LCT induced [Ca2+]i rises by inducing Ca2+ entry via store-operated Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, BAPTA-AM has a protective effect on inhibiting LCT-activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This study provided new insights into the molecular protective mechanism of LCT-induced cytotoxicity in normal human astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, 90741, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan.
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24
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Chen IS, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Liu YY, Kuo CC, Wang JL, Hao LJ, Jan CR. Effect of Captopril on Ca²⁺ Homeostasis and Cell Viability in Human Hepatoma Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2018; 61:221-229. [PMID: 30139243 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2018.bah594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, induced different Ca²⁺
signaling responses in various cell models. However, the effect of captopril on Ca²⁺ homeostasis and cell
viability in hepatoma cells is unknown. This study examined whether captopril altered Ca²⁺ homeostasis
and viability in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations in suspended cells were
monitored by using the fluorescent Ca²⁺-sensitive dye fura-2. Cell viability was examined by using
4-[3-[4-lodophenyl]-2-4(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio-1,3-benzene disulfonate] water soluble tetrazolium-1
(WST-1). Captopril at concentrations of 500-3000 μM induced [Ca²⁺]i rises in a concentration-dependent
manner. Ca²⁺ removal reduced the signal by approximately 15%. Mn²⁺ has been shown to enter cells
through similar mechanisms as Ca²⁺ but quenches fura-2 fluorescence at all excitation wavelengths.
Captopril (3000 μM)-induced Mn²⁺ influx indirectly suggested that captopril evoked Ca²⁺ entry.
Captopril-induced Ca²⁺ entry was inhibited by 15% by a protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol
12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and an inhibitor (GF109203X) and three inhibitors of store-operated
Ca²⁺ channels: nifedipine, econazole and SKF96365. In Ca²⁺-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic
reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished captopril-evoked
[Ca²⁺]i rises. Conversely, treatment with captopril abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Inhibition of
phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 inhibited 70% of captopril-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Captopril at
concentrations between 150-550 μM killed cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelation of
cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid/AM (BAPTA/AM) did
not reverse captopril’s cytotoxicity. Together, in HepG2 human hepatoma cells, captopril induced [Ca²⁺]i
rises and caused cell death that was not triggered by preceding [Ca²⁺]i rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung 80776, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuarn Liu
- Division of Trauma, Department of Emergency, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lyh-Jyh Hao
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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25
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Horng CT, Chou CT, Sun TK, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Wang JL, Shieh P, Jan CR. Effect of Carvacrol on Ca²⁺ Movement and Viability in PC3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2018; 60:275-283. [PMID: 28950692 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2017.bag506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol compound, has been shown to possess various biological
effects in different models. However, the effect of carvacrol on intracellular Ca²⁺ and its related
physiology in human prostate cancer is unknown. This study explored the effect of carvacrol on
cytosolic free Ca²⁺ levels ([Ca²⁺]i) and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Fura-2, a Ca²⁺-
sensitive fluorescent dye, was used to assess [Ca²⁺]i. Cell viability was measured by the detecting
reagent WST-1. Carvacrol at concentrations of 200-800 μM caused [Ca²⁺]i rises in a concentration-dependent
manner. Removal of extracellular Ca²⁺ reduced carvacrol’s effect by approximately 60%.
Carvacrol-induced Ca²⁺ entry was confirmed by Mn²⁺ entry-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence,
and was inhibited by approximately 30% by nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, and the protein kinase
C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. In Ca²⁺-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺
pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) abolished carvacrol-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Treatment with
carvacrol also abolished TG-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Carvacrol-induced Ca²⁺ release from the
endoplasmic reticulum was abolished by inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC). Carvacrol killed cells
at concentrations of 200-600 μM in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with
BAPTA/AM did not prevent carvacrol’s cytotoxicity. Together, in PC3 cells, carvacrol induced [Ca²⁺]i
rises by inducing PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca²⁺ entry via
PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca²⁺ channels and other unknown channels. Carvacrol also induced
Ca²⁺-dissociated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Horng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Force General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Te-Kung Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung 80288, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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26
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Chang HT, Jan CR, Liang WZ. Protective effects of a phenolic glycoside compound curculigoside on H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in normal human breast epithelial cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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27
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Lu YC, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Hsu SS, Wang JL, Jan CR. Effect of Methoxsalen on Ca²⁺ Homeostasis and Viability in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2017. [PMID: 28629211 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2017.baf482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methoxsalen is a natural compound found in many seed plants. The effect of methoxsalen on Ca²⁺-
related physiology in human osteosarcoma is unclear. This study investigated the effect of methoxsalen
on cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Methoxsalen induced
[Ca²⁺]i rises concentration-dependently. Methoxsalen-induced Ca²⁺ entry was confirmed by Mn²⁺-induced
quench of fura-2 fluorescence. This Ca²⁺ entry was suppressed by nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365.
In Ca²⁺-free medium, incubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone
(BHQ) inhibited methoxsalen-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises by 96%. In contrast, incubation
with methoxsalen abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122
abolished methoxsalen-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Methoxsalen was cytotoxic at 300-700 μM in a concentration-dependent
fashion. Chelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic
acid/acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM) did not prevent methoxsalen-induced cytotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggest
that in MG63 cells, methoxsalen induced [Ca²⁺]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the
endoplasmic reticulum, and Ca²⁺ entry via store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. Methoxsalen also induced Ca²⁺-
disassociated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chau Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and
Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and
Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051,
Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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28
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Hsu SS, Jan CR, Liang WZ. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of propofol and its related mechanism in glioblastoma cells and astrocytes. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:2440-2454. [PMID: 28804952 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol), one of the extensively and commonly used anesthetic agents, has been shown to affect the biological behavior of various models. Previous researches have shown that propofol-induced cytotoxicity might cause anticancer effect in different cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of propofol on cytotoxicity is still elusive in human glioblastoma cells. The aims of this study were to evaluate effects of propofol on cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and ROS production, and establish the relationship between oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in GBM 8401 human glioblastoma cells and DI TNC1 rat astrocytes. Propofol (20-30 μM) concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and increased ROS production in GBM 8401 cells but not in DI TNC1 cells. In GBM 8401 cells, propofol induced G2/M phase cell arrest, which affected the CDK1, cyclin B1, p53, and p21 protein expression levels. Furthermore, propofol induced oxygen stresses by increasing O2- and H2 O2 levels but treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) partially reversed propofol-regulated antioxidative enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). Most significantly, propofol induced apoptotic effects by decreasing Bcl-2 but increasing Bax, cleaved caspase-9/caspase-3 levels, which were partially reversed by NAC. Moreover, the pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK also partially prevented propofol-induced apoptosis. Together, in GBM 8401 cells but not in DI TNC1 cells, propofol activated ROS-associated apoptosis that involved cell cycle arrest and caspase activation. These findings indicate that propofol not only can be an anesthetic agent which reduces pain but also has the potential to be used for the treatment of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 813, Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, 114, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 813, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 813, Republic of China
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29
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Liang WZ, Jan CR, Hsu SS. Cytotoxic effects of gastrodin extracted from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume in glioblastoma cells, but not in normal astrocytes, via the induction of oxidative stress-associated apoptosis that involved cell cycle arrest and p53 activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:280-292. [PMID: 28689919 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Researches have been conducted to explore the biological effect of gastrodin, a natural compound extracted from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume, in different models. However, the effects of gastrodin on cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and oxidative stress in glia cells have not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of gastrodin and its mechanisms in DBTRG-05MG human glioblastoma cells and CTX TNA2 rat astrocytes. In DBTRG-05MG cells but not in CTX TNA2 cells, gastrodin (20-30 μM) induced cytotoxicity, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Regarding oxidative stress, gastrodin (20-30 μM) elevated intracellular ROS levels but reduced GSH levels. Treatment with the antioxidant NAC (10 μM) partially reversed gastrodin-altered antioxidant enzymes levels. Furthermore, gastrodin induced mitochondria-associated apoptosis. The apoptotic effects evoked by gastrodin were partially inhibited by the antioxidant NAC and the pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Together, in DBTRG-05MG cells, but not in CTX TNA2 cells, gastrodin activated ROS-associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways that involved cell cycle arrest. These data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms governing the ability of gastrodin to induce cytotoxicity in human glioblastoma cells and further suggest that gastrodin is a new potential agent for the treatment of human gliblasoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, ROC.
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30
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Fang YC, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Hsu SS, Wang JL, Jan CR. Effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on Ca 2+ signal transduction and cell viability in a model of renal tubular cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28658523 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is a compound purified from herb. Its effect on Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+ ]i ) in renal cells is unclear. This study examined whether TMP altered Ca2+ signaling in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. TMP at 100-800 μM induced [Ca2+ ]i rises, which were reduced by Ca2+ removal. TMP induced Mn2+ influx implicating Ca2+ entry. TMP-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 30% by modulators of protein kinase C (PKC) and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited 93% of TMP-evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. Treatment with TMP abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) abolished TMP-induced responses. TMP at 200-1000 μM decreased viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester. Together, in MDCK cells, TMP induced [Ca2+ ]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. TMP also caused Ca2+ -independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chien Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81345, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, 61363, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, 92641, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, 71051, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
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31
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Yeh JH, Chou CT, Chen IS, Lu T, Lin KL, Yu CC, Liang WZ, Chang HT, Kuo CC, Ho CM, Chang WT, Shieh P, Jan CR. Effect of thymol on Ca²⁺ homeostasis and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2017; 60:32-40. [PMID: 28052644 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2017.baf447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol is a phenolic compound that affects physiology in different cell models. However, whether
thymol affects Ca²⁺ homeostasis in prostate cancer cells is unknown. The action of this compound on
cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells was explored.
The results show that thymol at concentrations of 100-1500 μM caused [Ca²⁺]i rises in a concentration-dependent
manner. Removal of extracellular Ca²⁺ reduced thymol’s effect by approximately 80%.
Thymol-induced Ca²⁺ entry was confirmed by Mn²⁺ entry-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence, and was
inhibited by approximately 30% by Ca²⁺ entry modulators (nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365), and the
protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. In Ca²⁺-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic
reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished thymol-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Treatment with thymol
also abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Thymol-induced Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic
reticulum was abolished by the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122. Thymol at 100-900 μM decreased
cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca²⁺ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)
ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Together, in PC3 cells, thymol
induced [Ca²⁺]i rises by inducing PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca²⁺
entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca²⁺ channels and other unknown channels. Thymol also induced
Ca²⁺-dissociated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hsien Yeh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa College of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Shu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ko-Long Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Man Ho
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Teng Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa College of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Cheng HH, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Shieh P, Wang JL, Jan CR. Effects of puerarin on intracellular Ca 2+ and cell viability of MDCK renal tubular cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 52:83-89. [PMID: 28384516 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Puerarin is a natural compound and has been used as herb medication in a number of countries, especially in Asia. The effect of puerarin on Ca2+ signaling is unknown in renal cells. This study examined whether puerarin affected Ca2+ physiology in MDCK renal tubular cells. Cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) were measured using the fluorescent dye fura-2. Cell viability was examined by using WST-1 assay. Puerarin induced [Ca2+]i rises and the response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+. Puerarin-induced Ca2+ entry was not altered by protein kinase C (PKC) activity, but was inhibited by nifedipine. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) or thapsigargin partly inhibited puerarin-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 did not change puerarin-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Puerarin at 25-50μM caused cytotoxicity, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Collectively, in MDCK cells, puerarin induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking PLC-independent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and other unknown stores, and Ca2+ entry via nifedipine-sensitive, PKC-insensitive Ca2+ entry pathways. Puerarin also caused Ca2+-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County 50544, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan
| | - Pochuan Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
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Cheng HH, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Shieh P, Wang JL, Jan CR. Effect of Protriptyline on [Ca²⁺]i and Viability in MDCK Renal Tubular Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2017; 60:114-123. [PMID: 28468029 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2017.baf459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protriptyline has been used as an antidepressant. Clinically it has been prescribed in the auxiliary
treatment of cancer patients. However, its effect on Ca²⁺ signaling and related physiology is unknown
in renal cells. This study examined the effect of protriptyline on cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations
([Ca²⁺]i) and viability in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) tubular cells. Protriptyline induced
[Ca²⁺]i rises concentration-dependently. The response was reduced by 20% by removing extracellular
Ca²⁺. Protriptyline-induced Ca²⁺ entry was not altered by protein kinase C (PKC) activity but was
inhibited by 20% by three modulators of store-operated Ca²⁺ channels: nifedipine, econazole and
SKF96365. In Ca²⁺-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor 2,5-
di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) or thapsigargin partially inhibited protriptyline-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises.
Conversely, treatment with protriptyline inhibited partially BHQ or thapsigargin-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises.
Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 did not change protriptyline-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises.
Protriptyline at 5-200 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the
Ca²⁺ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/
AM). Together, in MDCK cells, protriptyline induced [Ca²⁺]i rises by evoking PLC-independent
Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and other unknown stores, and Ca²⁺ entry via PKCinsensitive
store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. Protriptyline also caused Ca²⁺-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County 50544, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Roan CJ, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Chang HT, Kuo DH, Kuo CC, Chen FA, Shieh P, Jan CR. Effect of Miconazole on [Ca²⁺]i and Cytotoxicity in ZR-75-1 Human Breast Cancer Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2016; 58:377-84. [PMID: 26717916 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2015.bad347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the antifungal drug miconazole on Ca²⁺ signaling in human breast cancer cells is unknown. This study examined the effect of miconazole on cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. The Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was used to measure [Ca²⁺]i. Miconazole induced [Ca²⁺]i rises concentration-dependently. The response was reduced by 60% by removing extracellular Ca²⁺. Miconazole-induced Ca²⁺ entry was abolished by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, and nifedipine, but was insensitive to econazole, SKF96365 and the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA). In Ca²⁺-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) or thapsigargin (TG) greatly inhibited miconazole-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Conversely, treatment with miconazole abolished TG and BHQ-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished miconazole-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. At concentrations of 30-50 μM, micronazole killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This cytotoxic effect was not reversed by chelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/acetoxy methyl (BAPTA/AM). Together, in ZR-75-1 cells, miconazole induced [Ca²⁺]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and PKC-regulated nifedipine-sensitive Ca²⁺ entry. Miconazole-caused cell death was not triggered by a preceding [Ca²⁺]i rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherng-Jau Roan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Cheng HH, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Chang HT, Kuo CC, Chen IS, Lu T, Yu CC, Chen FA, Kuo DH, Shieh P, Jan CR. Effect of NPC15199 on [Ca²⁺]i and viability in SCM1 human gastric cancer cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2016; 59:268-275. [PMID: 27604137 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2016.baf421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NPC15199 is a synthesized compound that inhibits inflammation in some models. However, whether NPC15199 affects Ca²⁺ homeostasis in human gastric cancer is unclear. This study examined the effect of NPC15199 on cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) and viability in SCM1 human gastric cancer cells. The Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was used to measure [Ca²⁺]i. NPC15199 evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises concentration-dependently. The response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca²⁺. NPC15199-evoked Ca²⁺ entry was not inhibited by store-operated channel inhibitors (nifedipine, econazole and SKF96365) and protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA), or PKC inhibitor (GF109203X). In Ca²⁺-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) nearly abolished NPC15199-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Conversely, treatment with NPC15199 also nearly abolished thapsigargin or BHQ-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 did not affect NPC15199-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. NPC15199 at concentrations of 100-900 μM induced concentration-dependent, Ca²⁺-independent decrease in viability. Together, in SCM1 cells, NPC15199 induced [Ca²⁺]i rises that involved Ca²⁺ entry through PKC-insensitive non-store-operated Ca²⁺ channels and PLC-independent Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. NPC15199 also induced Ca²⁺-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 50544, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-S Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C-C Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Su CK, Chou CT, Lin KL, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Chang HT, Chen IS, Lu T, Kuo CC, Yu CC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. Effect of protriptyline on [Ca2+]i and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:580-587. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1216208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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37
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Chang HT, Chou CT, Chen IS, Yu CC, Lu T, Hsu SS, Shieh P, Jan CR, Liang WZ. Mechanisms underlying effect of the mycotoxin cytochalasin B on induction of cytotoxicity, modulation of cell cycle, Ca 2+ homeostasis and ROS production in human breast cells. Toxicology 2016; 370:1-19. [PMID: 27640744 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytochalasin B, a cell-permeable mycotoxin isolated from the fungus Phoma spp., shows a wide range of biological effects, among which its potent antitumor activity has raised great interests in different models. However, the cytotoxic activity of cytochalasin B and its underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated in breast cells. This study examined the effect of cytochalasin B on MCF 10A human breast epithelial cells and ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. Cytochalasin B (10-20μM) concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and [Ca2+]i rises in ZR-75-1 cells but not in MCF 10A cells. In ZR-75-1 cells, cytochalasin B triggered G2/M phase arrest through the modulation of CDK1, cyclin B1, p53, p27 and p21 expressions. The Ca2+ signal response induced by cytochalasin B was reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+ and was inhibited by the store-operated Ca2+ channel blocker 2-APB and SKF96365. In Ca2+-free medium, cytochalasin B induced Ca2+ release through thapsigargin-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum stores. Moreover, cytochalasin B increased H2O2 levels but reduced GSH levels. The apoptotic effects evoked by cytochalasin B were partially inhibited by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM and the antioxidant NAC. Together, in ZR-75-1 cells but not in MCF 10A cells, cytochalasin B activated Ca2+-associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways that involved G2/M phase arrest and ROS signaling. Furthermore, cytochalasin B induced [Ca2+]i rises by releasing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and causing Ca2+ influx through 2-APB or SKF96365-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. Our findings provide new insights into the possible application of cytochalasin B in human breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan, ROC; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Shu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC,.
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38
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Chen IS, Chou CT, Liu YY, Yu CC, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. The investigation of minoxidil-induced [Ca 2+] i rises and non-Ca 2+-triggered cell death in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:1-7. [PMID: 27309957 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Minoxidil is clinically used to prevent hair loss. However, its effect on Ca2+ homeostasis in prostate cancer cells is unclear. This study explored the effect of minoxidil on cytosolic-free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and cell viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Minoxidil at concentrations between 200 and 800 μM evoked [Ca2+]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner. This Ca2+ signal was inhibited by 60% by removal of extracellular Ca2+. Minoxidil-induced Ca2+ influx was confirmed by Mn2+-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Pre-treatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA), nifedipine and SKF96365 inhibited minoxidil-induced Ca2+ signal in Ca2+ containing medium by 60%. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-ditert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) in Ca2+-free medium abolished minoxidil-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with minoxidil abolished BHQ-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished minoxidil-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Overnight treatment with minoxidil killed cells at concentrations of 200-600 μM in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/AM (BAPTA/AM) did not prevent minoxidil's cytotoxicity. Together, in PC3 cells, minoxidil induced [Ca2+]i rises that involved Ca2+ entry through PKC-regulated store-operated Ca2+ channels and PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Minoxidil-induced cytotoxicity in a Ca2+-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shu Chen
- a Department of Surgery , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- b Department of Nursing , Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Chia-Yi , Taiwan.,c Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Chia-Yi , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuarn Liu
- a Department of Surgery , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- a Department of Surgery , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- e Department of Nursing , Tzu Hui Institute of Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan , and
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- f Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- f Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- f Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Wang JL, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Yeh JH, Kuo CC, Lee CY, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. Effect of 2,5-dimethylphenol on Ca(2+) movement and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:327-33. [PMID: 27310574 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1158893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic compound 2,5-dimethylphenol is a natural product. 2,5-Dimethylphenol has been shown to affect rat hepatic and pulmonary microsomal metabolism. However, the effect of 2,5-dimethylphenol on Ca(2+ )signaling and cyotoxicity has never been explored in any culture cells. This study explored the effect of 2,5-dimethylphenol on cytosolic free Ca(2+ )levels ([Ca(2+)]i) and cell viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. 2,5-Dimethylphenol at concentrations between 500 μM and 1000 μM evoked [Ca(2+)]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner. This Ca(2+ )signal was inhibited by approximately half by the removal of extracellular Ca(2+). 2,5-Dimethylphenol-induced Ca(2+ )influx was confirmed by Mn(2+)-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Pretreatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, nifedipine or the store-operated Ca(2+ )entry inhibitors (econazole or SKF96365) inhibited 2,5-dimethylphenol-induced Ca(2+ )signal in Ca(2+)-containing medium by ∼30%. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+ )pump inhibitor thapsigargin in Ca(2+)-free medium abolished 2,5-dimethylphenol-induced [Ca(2+)]i rises. Conversely, treatment with 2,5-dimethylphenol abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca(2+)]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 reduced 2,5-dimethylphenol-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rises by ∼80%. 2,5-Dimethylphenol killed cells at concentrations of 350-1000 μM in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelation of cytosolic Ca(2+ )with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid/AM (BAPTA/AM) did not prevent 2,5-dimethylphenol's cytotoxicity. Together, in PC3 cells, 2,5-dimethylphenol induced [Ca(2+)]i rises that involved Ca(2+ )entry through PKC-regulated store-operated Ca(2+ )channels and PLC-dependent Ca(2+ )release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 2,5-Dimethylphenol induced cytotoxicity in a Ca(2+)-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Wang
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch , Tainan , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- b Department of Nursing , Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology , Chia-Yi, Taiwan , ROC .,c Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology , Chia-Yi, Taiwan , ROC
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yeh
- e Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- f Department of Nursing , Tzu Hui Institute of Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chao-Ying Lee
- g School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- h Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- h Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Fu-An Chen
- h Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC
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40
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Wang JL, Chou CT, Liu K, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Chang HT, Chen IS, Lu T, Kuo CC, Yu CC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. Ca 2+ Signaling and Cell Death Induced by Protriptyline in HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:539-547. [PMID: 27252039 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of protriptyline on Ca2+ physiology in human hepatoma is unclear. This study explored the effect of protriptyline on [Ca2+ ]i and cytotoxicity in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Protriptyline (50-150 μM) evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. The Ca2+ entry was inhibited by removal of Ca2+ . Protriptyline-induced Ca2+ entry was confirmed by Mn2+ -induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Except nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, GF109203X, and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate did not inhibit Ca2+ entry. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited 40% of protriptyline-induced response. Treatment with protriptyline abolished BHQ-induced response. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) suppressed protriptyline-evoked response by 70%. At 20-40 μM, protriptyline killed cells which was not reversed by the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Together, in HepG2 cells, protriptyline induced [Ca2+ ]i rises that involved Ca2+ entry through nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channels and PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum. Protriptyline induced Ca2+ -independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Shu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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41
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Hsu SS, Chou CT, Liao WC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Kuo CC, Jan CR, Liang WZ. The effect of gallic acid on cytotoxicity, Ca(2+) homeostasis and ROS production in DBTRG-05MG human glioblastoma cells and CTX TNA2 rat astrocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 252:61-73. [PMID: 27060209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid, a polyhydroxylphenolic compound, is widely distributed in various plants, fruits and foods. It has been shown that gallic acid passes into blood brain barrier and reaches the brain tissue of middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. However, the effect of gallic acid on Ca(2+) signaling in glia cells is unknown. This study explored whether gallic acid affected Ca(2+) homeostasis and induced Ca(2+)-associated cytotoxicity in DBTRG-05MG human glioblastoma cells and CTX TNA2 rat astrocytes. Gallic acid (20-40 μM) concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity and intracellular Ca(2+) level ([Ca(2+)]i) increases in DBTRG-05MG cells but not in CTX TNA2 cells. In DBTRG-05MG cells, the Ca(2+) response was decreased by half by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). In Ca(2+)-containing medium, gallic acid-induced Ca(2+) entry was inhibited by store-operated Ca(2+) channel inhibitors (2-APB, econazole and SKF96365). In Ca(2+)-free medium, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished gallic acid-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. Conversely, incubation with gallic acid also abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 abolished gallic acid-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. Gallic acid significantly caused cytotoxicity in DBTRG-05MG cells, which was partially prevented by prechelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with BAPTA-AM. Moreover, gallic acid activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways that involved ROS production. Together, in DBTRG-05MG cells but not in CTX TNA2 cells, gallic acid induced [Ca(2+)]i increases by causing Ca(2+) entry via 2-APB, econazole and SKF96365-sensitive store-operated Ca(2+) entry, and phospholipase C-dependent release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This Ca(2+) signal subsequently evoked mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis that involved ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, 114 Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan, ROC; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Chuan Liao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, ROC.
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Cheng JS, Chou CT, Liu YY, Sun WC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Kuo CC, Jan CR, Liang WZ. The effect of oleuropein from olive leaf (Olea europaea) extract on Ca²⁺ homeostasis, cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and ROS signaling in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:151-66. [PMID: 27016494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein, a phenolic compound found in the olive leaf (Olea europaea), has been shown to have biological activities in different models. However, the effects of oleuropein on Ca(2+) homeostasis, cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and ROS signaling in liver cells have not been analyzed. Oleuropein induced [Ca(2+)]i rises only in HepG2 cells but not in AML12, HA22T or HA59T cells due to the different status of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase expression. In HepG2 cells, this Ca(2+) signaling response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca(2+), and was inhibited by the store-operated Ca(2+) channel blockers 2-APB and SKF96365. In Ca(2+)-free medium, pretreatment with the ER Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished oleuropein-induced [Ca(2+)]i rises. Oleuropein induced cell cycle arrest which was associated with the regulation of p53, p21, CDK1 and cyclin B1 levels. Furthermore, oleuropein elevated intracellular ROS levels but reduced GSH levels. Treatment with the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM or the antioxidant NAC partially reversed oleuropein-induced cytotoxicity. Together, in HepG2 cells, oleuropein induced [Ca(2+)]i rises by releasing Ca(2+) from the ER and causing Ca(2+) influx through store-operated Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, oleuropein induced Ca(2+)-associated cytotoxicity that involved ROS signaling and cell cycle arrest. This compound may offer a potential therapy for treatment of human hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuarn Liu
- Division of Trauma, Department of Emergency, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
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43
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Wang JQ, Xu ZH, Liang WZ, He JT, Cui Y, Liu HY, Xue LX, Shi W, Shao YK, Mang J, Xu ZX. Effects of c-Jun N-terminal kinase on Activin A/Smads signaling in PC12 cell suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:81-86. [PMID: 26950456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Activin A (Act A), a member of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, is an early gene in response to cerebral ischemia. Growing evidences confirm the neuroprotective effect of Act A in ischemic injury through Act A/Smads signal activation. In this process, regulation networks are involved in modulating the outcomes of Smads signaling. Among these regulators, crosstalk between c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Smads signaling has been found in the TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, in neural ischemia, the speculative regulation between JNK and Act A/Smads signaling pathways has not been clarified. To explore this issue, an Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (OGD) model was introduced to nerve-like PC12 cells. We found that JNK signal activation occurred at the early time of OGD injury (1 h). Act A administration suppressed JNK phosphorylation. In addition, JNK inhibition could elevate the strength of Smads signaling and attenuate neural apoptosis after OGD injury. Our results indicated a negative regulation effect of JNK on Smads signaling in ischemic injury. Taken together, JNK, as a critical site for neural apoptosis and negative regulator for Act A/Smads signaling, was presumed to be a molecular therapeutic target for ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Wang
- Jilin University Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital Changchun China
| | - Z H Xu
- Jilin University Clinical Medicine of Norman Bethune Medical Department Changchun China
| | - W Z Liang
- Jilin University Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital Changchun China
| | - J T He
- Jilin University Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital Changchun China
| | - Y Cui
- Jilin University Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital Changchun China
| | - H Y Liu
- Jilin University Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital Changchun China
| | - L X Xue
- Jilin University Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital Changchun China
| | - W Shi
- Jilin University Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, The Ministry of Education Changchun China
| | - Y K Shao
- Jilin University Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital Changchun China
| | - J Mang
- Jilin University Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital Changchun China
| | - Z X Xu
- Jilin University Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital Changchun China
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Yeh JH, Sun TK, Chou CT, Chen WC, Lee JK, Yeh HC, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Jan CR. Effect of sertraline on Ca²⁺ fluxes in rabbit corneal epithelial cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2015; 58:85-94. [PMID: 25858469 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2015.bac255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺](i)) in a rabbit corneal epithelial cell line (SIRC) is unclear. This study explored whether sertraline changed basal [Ca²⁺](i) levels in suspended SIRC cells by using fura-2 as a Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorescent dye. Sertraline at concentrations between 10-100 μM increased [Ca²⁺](i) in a concentration-dependent manner. The Ca²⁺ signal was reduced by 23% by removing extracellular Ca²⁺. Sertraline induced Mn²⁺ influx, leading to quench of fura-2 fluorescence, suggesting Ca²⁺ influx. This Ca²⁺ influx was inhibited by phospholipase A₂ inhibitor aristolochic acid, but not by store-operated Ca²⁺ channel blockers and protein kinase C/A modulators. In Ca²⁺-free medium, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin, cyclopiazonic acid or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone greatly inhibited sertraline-induced Ca²⁺ release. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 abolished sertraline-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rise. At concentrations of 5-50 μM, sertraline killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of 25 μM sertraline was not reversed by prechelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with BAPTA/AM. Collectively, in SIRC cells, sertraline induced [Ca²⁺](i) rises by causing phospholipase C-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca²⁺ influx via phospholipase A₂-sensitive Ca²⁺ channels. Sertraline-caused cytotoxicity was mediated by Ca²⁺-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hsien Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa College of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Te-Kung Sun
- Divisions of Pediatrics, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung 80288, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chuan Chen
- Divisions of Urology, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung 80288, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jenn-Kuen Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Chun Yeh
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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45
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Hung TY, Chou CT, Sun TK, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Fang YC, Li YD, Shieh P, Ho CM, Kuo CC, Lin JR, Kuo DH, Jan CR. The Mechanism of Safrole-Induced [Ca²⁺]i Rises and Non-Ca²⁺-Triggered Cell Death in SCM1 Human Gastric Cancer Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2015; 58:302-11. [PMID: 26387654 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2015.bad315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Safrole is a carcinogen found in plants. The effect of safrole on cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺](i)) and viability in SCM1 human gastric cancer cells was explored. The Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was applied to measure [Ca²⁺](i). Safrole at concentrations of 150-450 μM induced a [Ca²⁺](i) rise in a concentration-dependent manner. The response was reduced by 60% by removing extracellular Ca²⁺. Safrole-evoked Ca²⁺ entry was not altered by nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, and protein kinase C activator or inhibitor. In Ca²⁺-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished safrole-evoked [Ca²⁺](i) rises. Conversely, treatment with safrole abolished thapsigargin or BHQ-evoked [Ca²⁺](i) rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished safrole-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rises. At 250-550 μM, safrole decreased cell viability concentration-dependently, which was not reversed by chelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/acetoxy methyl (BAPTA/AM). Annexin V/propidium iodide staining data suggest that safrole (350-550 μM) induced apoptosis concentration-dependently. These studies suggest that in SCM1 human gastric cancer cells, safrole induced [Ca²⁺](i) rises by inducing PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca²⁺ influx via non-store-operated Ca²⁺ entry pathways. Safrole-induced cell death may involve apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Hung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81345, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Te-Kung Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung 80288, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chien Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81345, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yih-Do Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81345, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Man Ho
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rong Lin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Li YD, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Tseng HW, Fang YC, Hung TY, Chang HT, Kuo DH, Kuo CC, Ho CM, Shieh P, Chen FA, Jan CR. Effect of NPC-14686 (Fmoc-l-Homophenylalanine) on Ca²⁺ Homeostasis and Viability in OC2 Human Oral Cancer Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2015; 58:285-93. [PMID: 26387652 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2015.bad311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the anti-inflammatory compound NPC-14686 on intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺](i)) and viability in OC2 human oral cancer cells was investigated. The Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorescent probe fura-2 was used to examine [Ca²⁺](i). NPC-14686 induced [Ca²⁺](i) rises in a concentration-dependent fashion. The effect was reduced approximately by 10% by removing extracellular Ca²⁺. NPC-14686- elicited Ca²⁺ signal was decreased by nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, and GF109203X. In Ca²⁺-free medium, incubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished NPC-14686-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rises. Conversely, pretreatment with NPC-14686 abolished thapsigargin or BHQ-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 abolished NPC-14686-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rises. At 20-100 μM, NPC-14686 inhibited cell viability, which was not reversed by chelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'- tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). NPC-14686 between 20 μM and 40 μM also induced apoptosis. Collectively, in OC2 cells, NPC-14686 induced [Ca²⁺](i) rises by evoking phospholipase C-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca²⁺ entry via protein kinase C-regulated store-operated Ca²⁺ channels. NPC-14686 also caused Ca²⁺-independent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Do Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81345, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Wen Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chien Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81345, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Yi Hung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81345, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Man Ho
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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47
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Liang WZ, Liu PF, Fu E, Chung HS, Jan CR, Wu CH, Shu CW, Hsieh YD. Selective cytotoxic effects of low-power laser irradiation on human oral cancer cells. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:756-64. [PMID: 26395333 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) is known to regulate cell proliferation and migration in clinical use. Recent studies have shown that LPLI induces cell death in some certain types of cancer cell lines. However, the cytotoxic selectivity of LPLI for cancer cells is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects of LPLI in both human oral cancer OC2 cells and normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS LPLI at 810 nm with an energy density from 10 to 60 J/cm(2) was used to irradiate human oral cancer OC2 cells and normal HGF cells. RESULTS We found that LPLI significantly diminished cell viability of human oral cancer OC2 cells due to cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and the induction of cell death but that it had no or little effects on cell cycle progression and death in normal HGF cells. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were elevated in human oral cancer OC2 cells compared with the un-irradiated cells. In contrast, these effects remained unchanged in normal HGF cells after exposure to LPLI. LPLI also induced apoptosis in caspase-3 dependent manner in human oral cancer OC2 cells, a mode of action that could be mediated by ROS and mitochondrial damage. CONCLUSION Our findings imply LPLI might be a potential therapy for oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, 831, Taiwan
| | - Earl Fu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Sheng Chung
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Dung Hsieh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
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48
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Chang HT, Chou CT, Kuo DH, Shieh P, Jan CR, Liang WZ. The Mechanism of Ca(2+) Movement in the Involvement of Baicalein-Induced Cytotoxicity in ZR-75-1 Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:1624-1634. [PMID: 26154615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) (1) has been found to be active against a wide variety of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of 1 on the induction of Ca(2+) movement and cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells is unknown. This study examined the relationship between 1-induced Ca(2+) signaling and cytotoxicity in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. The in vitro investigations reported herein produced the following results: (i) Compound 1 increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in a concentration-dependent manner. The signal was decreased by approximately 50% by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). (ii) Compound 1-triggered [Ca(2+)]i increases were significantly suppressed by store-operated Ca(2+) channel blockers 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. (iii) In Ca(2+)-free medium, compound 1-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases were also inhibited by GF109203X. Furthermore, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) or 2,5-ditert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished 1-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished 1-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. (iv) Compound 1 (20-40 μM) caused cytotoxicity, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and activated caspase-9/caspase-3. Furthermore, compound 1-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by prechelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester) or by decreasing ROS with the antioxidant NAC (N-acetylcysteine). Together, baicalein (1) induced a [Ca(2+)]i increase by inducing PLC-dependent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+) entry via PKC-dependent, 2-APB-sensitive store-operated Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, baicalein (1) induced Ca(2+)-associated apoptosis involved ROS production in ZR-75-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tai Chang
- †Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- ‡Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan, Republic of China
- §Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- ⊥Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- ⊥Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- ∥Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- ∥Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lu T, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Yu CC, Chang HT, Kuo CC, Chen WC, Kuo DH, Ho CM, Shieh P, Jan CR. Effect of Antidepressant Doxepin on Ca²⁺ Homeostasis and Viability in PC3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2015; 58:178-87. [PMID: 26014123 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2015.bad298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the antidepressant doxepin on cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺](i)) and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells was explored. The Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was applied to measure [Ca²⁺](i). Doxepin at concentrations of 500-1000 μM induced a [Ca²⁺](i) rise in a concentration-dependent manner. The response was reduced partly by removing Ca²⁺. Doxepin-evoked Ca²⁺ entry was suppressed by Ca²⁺ entry blockers (nifedipine, econazole, SK&F96365), and protein kinase C (PKC) modulators. In the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺, incubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) partly inhibit doxepin-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rise. Incubation with doxepin nearly inhibited thapsigargin or BHQ-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 failed to alter doxepin-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rise. At concentrations of 200-250 μM, doxepin killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This cytotoxic effect was not reversed by chelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'- tetraacetic acid/acetoxy methyl (BAPTA/AM). Annexin V/PI staining data implied that doxepin (200 and 250 μM) did not induce apoptosis. Collectively, in PC3 cells, doxepin induced a [Ca²⁺](i) rise by evoking PLC-independent Ca²⁺ release from stores including the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca²⁺ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca²⁺ channels. Doxepin caused cell death that was independent of [Ca²⁺](i) rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chuan Chen
- Division of Surgery, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung 80288, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Man Ho
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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50
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Chang HT, Chou CT, Yu CC, Tsai JY, Sun TK, Liang WZ, Lin KL, Tseng HW, Kuo CC, Chen FA, Kuo DH, Pan CC, Ho CM, Shieh P, Jan CR. The mechanism of protriptyline-induced Ca2+movement and non-Ca2+-triggered cell death in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 35:429-34. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.1000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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